- -

--

2013


1.

.................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1

2.

VIIIB .............................................................................. 2

........................................................................................................................... 3
2.1

............................................................................ 3

2.1.1

............................................................................................... 3

2.1.2

.................................................................................................................... 4

2.2

, , ................................................................. 4

2.2.1

............................................................................................................... 4

2.2.2

.................................................................................................................... 5

2.2.3

................................................................................................................. 6

2.2.4

.................................................................................................................. 6

3.

........................................................................................................................... 9

4.

............................................................................................ 10

1.

,
, , () ,
.
, .
()
() . ,
.
( ) .
(.. ),
, , .
1.1

VIIIB
B- a 18-
. :

. ,
, .
26 108. VIIIB
, .

2.

()

44

Ru

101.1
V

>1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d75s1
, , , , -
. ,
II, III IV. ,
. ,

800 C . Ruthenia. , (Pt),

(Rh), (Pd), (Os) (Ir).
2.1

2.1.1
(IV) RuO2,
, RuO4,
. ,

.
.
[Ru(NH3)5L]n+
Ru(II) Ru(III).
, () (II).

 - .
,
.

2.1.2
.
34 ,

106

Ru

373.59 , 103Ru 39.26 97Ru 2.9 .

89.93 (90Ru) 114.928 (115Ru).

and
2.2

105

95

Ru : 1.643

Ru 4.44 .

, ,

2.2.1

.
16-
18- .

, , , 19- .


(), 1828 .

.
4

 , . ,
1928
., ..
( HCl HNO3, 1:3).
, ,
. .
, , (
) 1807,
.
, , , 1844 ., . ,
, .
.
. ,
(NH4)2RuCl6,
. , ,
,
.
2.2.2

.
,
, . ,
.

2.2.3
U 235,
,
.

,
,
.
, , ,
, .
NaHSO4,
Rh2(SO4)3.
Na2O2
. IrO2.
(RuO4
OsO4) . HCl H3RuCl6,
(NH4)3RuCl6 NH4Cl.
.
2.2.4

. 0.1%
, 100 .
.
,

.

; , H2S
CdS
RuO2.

,
, 51
RU, 14 96,2%
3,8% .

- (),
,

,
, .

[(NH3)5Ru-O-Ru(NH3)4-O-Ru(NH3)5]6+,


.

- R106 ,
, .

, ,
.
NAMI-A KP1019 ,
.

. .
,
.
7

.

.

(),
,

3.

.
. ,
. , ,
,
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4.

1 , .-. , , , 1979,
2 OPA I ANORGANSKA KEMIJA-II, Filipovi,Lipanovi, SKOLSKA KNJIGA ZAGREB 1978 god.
3 WIKIPEDIA
4 http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3471

10