Lecturer :Dato Prof. Dr. Ir Zainul Abidin Md Sharrif.

http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~zainul/
This Home Page is for my students who are taking the following Classes as below: 1) Digital Signal Processing EEEB363 Section 3A/B. 2) Digital Signal Processing EEEB363 Section 4A/B.

 Course Code:- EEEB363 Course Title :- Digital Signal Processing Prerequisites:- Signals and Systems (EEEB233) Upon completion of the course, the student should have a solid foundation in basic digital signal processing. Aims/Objectives To introduce the concepts, theory, techniques and applications associated with the understanding of digital signal processing. To develop methods for processing discrete-time signals. To understand the processes of analog-to-digital and digital-toanalog conversion. To understand the discrete Fourier transform , fast Fourier transform, design and implementation of digital filters. To be aware of some applications associated with digital signal processing.

EEEB363/4 Digital Signal Processing

Adopted Text Book:Digital Signal Processing - A Computer Based Approach, by S. K. Mitra. Published by McGraw Hill International, 3rd Edition, Year:2006. References: 1. Discrete Time Signal Processing A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer Second Edition Publisher Prentice Hall International. 2. Digital Signal Processing - A Practical Approach By E. C. Ifeachor and B. W. Jervis. Published by Addision-Wesley publishing Company, Year:1996 3. Signals and Systems by A. V. Oppenheim, A. S. Willsky, and H. S. Nawab. Published by Prentice Hall, 2nd edition. Year 1997. 4. Signal Processing First by James H. McClellan, R. W. Schafer, and M. A. Yo-der. Published by Prentice Hall, Year:2003.

Course Description
Signal processing is a method of extracting information from signal which in turn depends on the type of signal and the nature of information it carries. Therefore, signal processing is concerned with the representing signals in mathematical terms and extracting the information by carrying out algorithmic operations on the signal. A signal can be mathematically expressed in terms of basic functions in original domain of independent variable or it can be expressed in terms of basic functions in transformed domain. In this course we will use tools available in both domains to analyze signals and systems in discrete time domain.

Upon completion of the course, students should be able to do the following:

1 Compute the discrete- time convolution of two signals. 2. Use the concepts of linearity, time-invariance, causality, and stability to classify a discrete-time system. 3. Evaluate the frequency response of a discrete-time, linear time-invariant (LTI) system from its impulse response and vice versa. 4. Understand and be able to apply the definition, properties, and applications of the Discrete-time Fourier Transform (DTFT). 5. Explain and apply sampling theorem, analog to digital and digital to analog conversion. Understand ideal sampling and reconstruction. 6. Design DSP systems for processing continuous-time signals. 7. Be able to apply definition and properties of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). 8. Use DTFT, DFT, and FFT to analyze discrete time signals and systems. 9. Be able to use the definition and properties of Z-transform to describe, and analyze the behavior of LTI systems, 10. Describe the input-output characteristics of a LTI system in both time domain and frequency domain. Relate the poles and zeros of the system to its frequency response, phase response, and stability and causality properties. 11. Design and implement different frequency selective Finite Impulse Response (FIR), and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters to meet frequency domain specifications. 12. Describe engineering trade-offs in filter design. Understand linear and nonlinear phase response.

course content and time allocation

1.Signals and Signal Processing:- (6Hours) 1.1 Characterization and Classification of Signals 1.2 Typical Signal Processing Operations 1.3 Examples of Typical Signals 1.4 Typical Signal Processing Applications 1.5 Why Digital Signal Processing? 2.Discrete-Time Signals and Systems:- (4 Hours) 2.1 Discrete-Time Signals 2.2 Typical Sequences and Sequence Representation 2.4 Discrete-Time Systems 2.5 Time-Domain Characterization of LTI Discrete-Time Systems 2.9 Correlation of Signals. 3.Discrete-Time Fourier Transform:- (4 Hours) 3.1 The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform 3.2 The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform 3.3 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Theorems 3.5 Band-Limited DiscreteTime Signals 3.8 The Frequency Response of an LTI Discrete-Time System3.9 Phase and Group Delays. 4.Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals:- (6 Hours) 4.1 Introduction4.2 Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals4.3 Sampling of Bandpass Signals 4.4 Analog Lowpass Filter Design 4.5 Design of Analog Highpass, Bandpass, and Bandstop Filters4.6 Anti-Aliasing Filter Design 4.10 Reconstruction Filter Design 6

course content and time allocation. continued.

5.Finite Length Discrete Transforms:- (6Hours) 5.2 The Discrete Fourier Transform 5.3 Relation Between the Fourier Transform and the DFT, and Their Inverses 5.6 DFT Symmetry Relations5.7 Discrete Fourier Transform Theorems 5.9 Computation of the DFT of Real Sequences11.3.2 Decimation in Time and Decimation in Frequency. 6.z-Transform:- (4Hours) 6.1 Definition and Properties 6.2 Rational z-Transforms 6.3 Region of Convergence of a Rational z-Transform 6.4 The Inverse z-Transform 6.5 z-Transform Properties 6.7 The Transfer Function 7.LTI Discrete-Time Systems in the Transform Domain:- (4 Hours) 7.1 Transfer Function Classification Based on Magnitude Characteristics 7.2 Transfer Function Class ideation Based on Phase Characteristics 7.3 Types of linear-Phase Transfer Functions 7.6 Inverse Systems 8.Digital Filter Structures:- (2Hours) 8.1 Block Diagram Representation 8.3 Basic FIR Digital Filter Structures8.4 Basic IIR Digital Filter Structures. 9.IIR Filter Design & FIR Filter Design:- (6 Hours)

Course Outcomes
1. Compute the discrete- time convolution of two signals and classify the discrete time system and the process of signals correlation 2. Evaluate the frequency response of a discrete-time, linear time-invariant (LTI) system from its impulse response and vice versa .3. Apply the definition, properties of the Discrete-time Fourier Transform (DTFT) in signal transformations. 4. Explain and apply sampling theorem, analog to digital, digital to analog conversions and signal reconstruction. 5. Determine the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of discrete signal 6. Describe and analyze the behavior of an LTI system using the definition and properties of Ztransform. 7. Draw and describe the poles and zero plot according to input output characteristics of an LTI system and classify the stability and causality of an LTI system from plot 8. Design and implement different frequency selective Finite Impulse Response (FIR), and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters to meet frequency domain specifications. 9. Recognize the linear and nonlinear phase response of an LTI system. 10. Draw the basic structure of an LTI system from its input output characteristics and analyze the input output of an LTI system from the basic structure

Grading Policy:
Test Laboratory & Assignment Final: Total: 20% 30% 50% 100%

Signal Processing

Digital Signal Processing

Analog Signal Processing

Digital Signal Processing

Digital audio signal processing

Digital control engineering

Digital image processing

Digital Signal Processing

Speech processing.

RADAR Signal processing

Communications signal processing

What Is DSP?
Analog Computer
a bit loud

Digital Computer
DSP
ADC 1010 DAC

OUTPUT

1001

Introduction Digital Signal Processing

Digital: converting and using of discrete signals to represent information in the form of numbers

Signal: a variable parameter that convey information.

Processing: to perform operations on the numbers according to programmed instructions

A Typical DSP System

MEMORY

ADC DSP DAC

DSP Chip Memory Converters (Optional)

Analog to Digital Digital to Analog

Communication Ports
Serial Parallel

PORTS

Multiply and Add

Add
+ 1+2 = 3 0001 0010 0011

Multiply
0 1 0 1 5 x x x x 8 4 2 1 x x x x 0011 0011 0011 0011 3

5*3 = 15 0000 0011 0000 0011 =

Shifted and added multiple times

Most Common Operation in DSP A = B*C + D E = F*G + A

MAC Operation Typically 70 Clock Cycles With Ordinary Processors Typically 1 Clock Cycle With Digital Signal Processors

. . .

Multiply, Add, and Accumulate MAC Instruction

DSP Development
ADD A, B 11100010010100001001
ASSEMBLER HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE

CODE
EMULATOR

TEST

S/W DESIGN
N

DSP

OK?
Y

Tools of the Trade

PRODUCT

Digital Computers
von Neuman Machine
A

STORED PROGRAM AND DATA

INPUT/ OUTPUT

ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT

A = ADDRESS D = DATA

Harvard Architecture
A
A

STORED PROGRAM
D

ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT

INPUT/ OUTPUT
D

STORE D DATA

TMS320 Family
16-Bit Fixed Point Devices C1x C2x C2xx C5x C54x Hard-Disk Controllers Fax Machines Embedded Control

32-Bit Floating Point Devices C3x C4x Videophones Parallel Processing

Other Devices
C6x Advanced VLIW Processor Wireless Base Stations/Pooled Modems C8x Video Conferencing

Voice Processing Digital Cellular Phones

A Typical DSP System.

Why Digital Processing?

ADC PROCESS DAC

Advantages to Digital Processing

Programmability Stability Repeatability Special Applications

Programmability
One Hardware = Many Tasks
SOFTWARE 1 SOFTWARE 2 LOW-PASS FILTER MUSIC SYNTHESIZER

SOFTWARE N

. .

SAME HARDWARE

. . MOTOR CONTROL

Upgradability and Flexibility

Develop New Code Upgrade Analog Solder New Component

Analog Variability
Analog Circuits are affected by
Temperature Aging

Tolerance of Components
Two Analog Systems using the same design and components may differ in performance

1k + 10 years

1.1k

Digital Repeatability
Perfect Reproducibility
Nearly identical performance from unit to unit Performance not affected by tolerance No drift in performance due to temperature or aging Guaranteed accuracy

A CD player always plays the same music quality

Performance
Some special functions are best implemented digitally

Lossless Compression

Adaptive Filters

Linear Phase Filters

gain

phase

frequency f1 f2

frequency

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Advantages

Repeatability
Low sensitivity to component tolerances Low sensitivity to temperature changes Low sensitivity to aging effects
Nearly identical performance from unit to unit Matched circuits cost less

High noise immunity In many applications DSP offers higher performance and lower cost
CD players versus phonographic turntable

Practical DSP Systems

Hi-Fi Equipment Toys Videophones Modems Phone Systems 3D Graphics Image Processing And More ...

Typical Signal Processing Applications

Sound Recording Applications
Compressors and limiters Expander and noise gate Equalizers and filters Noise reduction system Delay and reverberation systems Special effects

Typical Signal Processing Applications

Telephone Dialing Applications FM Stereo Applications Musical Sound Synthesis Echo Cancellation in Telephone Networks

DSP Applications.

Signal Generation
Sinusoidal signal- oscillators Square wave signal Triangular wave signal Random signals white noise

Examples of Typical Signals

Electrocardiography (ECG) Signals Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals Seismic Signals Speech Signals Music Sound Signals Time Series / Econometric Signals Image Signals Video Signals Mechanical vibration signals