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The Kritik Table of Contents

The Kritik Table of Contents........................................................................................................1 1NC Shell War Science................................................................................................................4 1NC Shell Faciality.....................................................................................................................10 1NC Shell Three Ecologies.........................................................................................................16 ink Ca!italis"...........................................................................................................................## ink State....................................................................................................................................$1 ink acan%&sychoanalysis.........................................................................................................$# ink Sec'riti(ation......................................................................................................................$) ink E*'cation............................................................................................................................$+ ink ,e"an*..............................................................................................................................40 ink ang'age............................................................................................................................4# ink - a.......................................................................................................................................44 /"!lication 0icro-Fascis".........................................................................................................46 /"!lication 1o"bies...................................................................................................................4) /"!lication Se"iotics.................................................................................................................4+ /"!lication 0a2or Ca!italis".....................................................................................................43 /"!lication War 0achine...........................................................................................................4# /"!lication 5eing a Co!.............................................................................................................44 /"!lication 6al'e # yfe............................................................................................................44 /"!lication 7enoci*e..................................................................................................................4+ /"!lication Trib'nal of 7'ilt......................................................................................................43 8lt. 5e the &ink &anther..............................................................................................................60 8lt. Write the F't're...................................................................................................................61 8lt. ,e-9e*i!ali(e......................................................................................................................6#
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8lt. 8ccelerate Ca!.....................................................................................................................6$ 8lt. :e2ect...................................................................................................................................64 8lt. S S'b2ecti;ity.......................................................................................................................64 8lt. S ,ichoto"ies......................................................................................................................6) 8lt. S 7ro'! 0o;e"ents............................................................................................................6+ 8lt. S Short Ter"........................................................................................................................63 8lt. S 0an%Nat're ,ichoto"y <,ee! Eco=.................................................................................)0 8lt. S E>!ression <Singing=........................................................................................................)# 8lt. S ,isco'rse..........................................................................................................................)$ 8lt. S -- 8nthro..............................................................................................................................)4 8lt. S Nihilis"............................................................................................................................)4 8lt. S ,esire ? :e;ol'tionary.....................................................................................................)6 8lt. S No. K # Change..............................................................................................................)) 8lt. S /ntellect'ality....................................................................................................................)+ 8lt. S Faciality............................................................................................................................)3 8# &er"......................................................................................................................................+0 8# Ca!italis" 7oo*...................................................................................................................+4 8# We@re not !sychoanalysis so 9e*i!'s *oes not a!!ly..........................................................+) 8# Ao'r 8'thor@s a Co!-9't.....................................................................................................++ 8# Bto!ian..................................................................................................................................+3 8# Schi(o!hrenia 7lorification..................................................................................................31 8# :efor"is".............................................................................................................................3# 8# 9e*i!'s /ne;itable................................................................................................................3$ 8# enin@s :e;ol'tion................................................................................................................34 8# Ao' Create a ,ichoto"y%,'alis".......................................................................................34
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8# 8lliance%0o;e"ents.............................................................................................................36 8# 0ar>is" 5a*.........................................................................................................................3) 8# 8narchis" 5a*......................................................................................................................3+ 8# :ole of the 8nalyst 8lt.........................................................................................................33 8# ack.....................................................................................................................................100 8# Essentialis"........................................................................................................................101 8# Theory.................................................................................................................................10# 8# &artic'laris".......................................................................................................................104 8# Social ocation...................................................................................................................104 8# C/ can@t Dbeco"eE@ /@" .hiteF.............................................................................................106 8# :e*'ctionis"......................................................................................................................10) 8# /*eology..............................................................................................................................10+

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1NC Shell War Science

PLATEAU 1 Royal Science A. es!ite this year"s call for alternati#es to tra$itional ener%y a!!roaches& the affir'ati#e atte'!ts to rely (!on a royal science strictly state base$ an$ confor'ist e!iste'olo%ies. The )ar 'achine of no'a$ science is contin(ally a!!ro!riate$ for the State"s (se& s(b'ittin% restrictions to ease 'ani!(lation an$ !re#ent it fro' (nra#elin% the social or$er.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. $6#-$6$H This 8rchi"e*ean scienceE or this conce!tion of scienceE is bo'n* '! in an essential .ay .ith the .ar "achineI the problemata are the .ar "achine itself an* are inse!arable fro" incline* !lanesE !assages to the li"itE ;orticesE an* !ro2ections. /t .o'l* see" that the .ar "achine is !ro2ecte* into an abstract kno.le*ge for"ally *ifferent fro" the one that *o'bles the State a!!arat's. /t .o'l* see" that a .hole no"a* science *e;elo!s eccentricallyE one that is ;ery *ifferent fro" the royal or i"!erial sciences. F'rther"oreE this no"a* science is contin'ally Jbarre*EJ inhibite*E or banne* by the *e"an*s an* con*itions of State science. 8rchi"e*esE ;anK'ishe* by the :o"an StateE beco"es a sy"bol.## The fact is that the t.o kin*s of science ha;e *ifferent "o*es of for"ali(ationE an* State science contin'ally i"!oses its for" of so;ereignty on the in;entions of no"a* science. State science retains of no"a* science only .hat it can a!!ro!riateL it t'rns the rest into a set of strictly li"ite* for"'las .itho't any real scientific stat'sE or else si"!ly re!resses an* bans it. /t is as if the Jsa;antsJ of no"a* science .ere ca'ght bet.een a rock an* a har* !laceE bet.een the .ar "achine that no'rishes an* ins!ires the" an* the State that i"!oses '!on the" an or*er of reasons. The fig're of the engineer <in !artic'lar the "ilitary engineer=E .ith all its a"bi;alenceE is ill'strati;e of this sit'ation. 0ost significant are !erha!s bor*erline !heno"ena in .hich no"a* science e>erts !ress're on State scienceE an*E con;erselyE State science a!!ro!riates an* transfor"s the ele"ents of no"a* science. This is tr'e of the art of enca"!"entsE Jcastra"etationEJ .hich has al.ays "obili(e* !ro2ections an* incline* !lanesI the State *oes not a!!ro!riate this *i"ension of the .ar "achine .itho't s'b"itting it to ci;il an* "etric r'les that strictly li"itE controlE locali(e no"a* scienceE an* .itho't kee!ing it fro" ha;ing re!erc'ssions thro'gho't the social fiel* <in this res!ectE 6a'ban is like a re!eat of 8rchi"e*esE an* s'ffers an analogo's *efeat=. /t is tr'e of *escri!ti;e an* !ro2ecti;e geo"etryE .hich royal science .o'l* like to t'rn into a "ere !ractical *e!en*ency of analyticE or so-calle* higherE geo"etry <th's the a"big'o's sit'ation of 0onge an* &oncelet as Jsa;antsJ=. #$ /t is also tr'e of *ifferential calc'l's. For a long ti"eE it ha* only !arascientific stat's an* .as labele* a J7othic hy!othesisJL royal science only accor*e* it the ;al'e of a con;enient con;ention or a .ell-fo'n*e* fiction. The great State "athe"aticians *i* their best to i"!ro;e its stat'sE b't !recisely on the con*ition that all the *yna"icE no"a*ic notionsMs'ch as beco"ingE heterogeneityE infinitesi"alE !assage to the li"itE contin'o's ;ariation Mbe eli"inate* an* ci;ilE staticE an* or*inal r'les be i"!ose* '!on it <CarnotNs a"big'o's !osition in this res!ect=. FinallyE it is tr'e of the hy*ra'lic "o*elE for it is certain that the State itself nee*s a hy*ra'lic science <there is no going back on WittfogelNs theses on the i"!ortance of large-scale .ater.orks for an e"!ire=. 5't it nee*s it in a ;ery *ifferent for"E beca'se the State nee*s to s'bor*inate hy*ra'lic force to con*'itsE !i!esE e"bank"entsE .hich !re;ent t'rb'lenceE .hich constrain "o;e"ent to go fro" one !oint to anotherE an* s!ace itself to be striate* an* "eas're*E .hich "akes the fl'i* *e!en* on the soli*E an* flo.s !rocee* by !arallelE la"inar layers. The hy*ra'lic "o*el of no"a* science an* the .ar "achineE on the other han*E consists in being *istrib'te* by t'rb'lence across a s"ooth s!aceE in !ro*'cing a "o;e"ent that hol*s s!ace an* si"'ltaneo'sly affects all of its !ointsE instea* of being hel* by s!ace in a local "o;e"ent fro" one s!ecifie* !oint to another.#4 ,e"ocrit'sE 0enaech"'sE 8rchi"e*esE 6a'banE ,esarg'esE 5erno'lliE 0ongeE CarnotE &onceletE &erronetE etc.I in each case a "onogra!h .o'l* be necessary to take into acco'nt the s!ecial sit'ation of these sa;ants .ho" State science 'se* only after restraining or *isci!lining the"E after re!ressing their social or !olitical conce!tions.

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.. Ca!italis' isn"t too far off in this e/(ation. Sesa'e Street !rono(nces& 0Chan%e1 the )or$ of the $ay& b(t )ith a #ery li'ite$ $efinition. Scientists 'ay only inno#ate so far as the soci(s is ca!able of re2a!!ro!riatin% the ne)est fa$ into its calc(lati#e $o'ain. The a$#anta%es the royal science offers is $elaye$ (ntil o!ti'(' #al(e can be e3tracte$& a re4(#enatin% ser(' for the social or$er.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #$$-#$4H 5't se;eral correcti;es "'st be intro*'ce* in this regar*. These breaks an* clea;ages take ti"eE an* their e>tension is ;ery .i*e-ranging. 5y no "eans *oes the *iachronic ca!italist "achine allo. itself to be re;ol'tioni(e* by one or "ore of its synchrono's technical "achinesE an* by no "eans *oes it confer on its scientists an* its technicians an in*e!en*ence that .as 'nkno.n in the !re;io's regi"es. ,o'btless it can let a certain n'"ber of scientists-"athe"aticiansE for e>a"!le Jschi(o!hreni(eJ in their cornerE an* it can allo. the !assage of socially *eco*e* flo.s of co*e that these scientists organi(e into a>io"atics of research that is sai* to be basic. 5't the true axiomatic is else.here. < ea;e the scientists alone to a certain !ointE let the" create their o.n a>io"aticE b't .hen the ti"e co"es for serio's things ... For e>a"!leE non*eter"inist !hysicsE .ith its cor!'sc'lar flo.sE .ill ha;e to be bro'ght into line .ith J*eter"inis".J= The tr'e a>io"atic is that of the social "achine itselfE .hich takes the !lace of the ol* co*ings an* organi(es all the *eco*e* flo.sE incl'*ing the flo.s of scientific an* technical co*eE for the benefit of the ca!italist syste" an* in the ser;ice of its en*s. That is .hy it has often been re"arke* that the /n*'strial :e;ol'tion co"bine* an ele;ate* rate of technical !rogress .ith the "aintenance of a great K'antity of JobsolescentJ eK'i!"entE along .ith a great s's!icion concerning "achines an* science. 8n inno;ation is a*o!te* only fro" the !ers!ecti;e of the rate of !rofit its in;est"ent .ill offer by the lo.ering of !ro*'ction costsL .itho't this !ros!ectE the ca!italist .ill kee! the e>isting eK'i!"entE an* stan* rea*y to "ake a !arallel in;est"ent in eK'i!"ent in another area. )) Th's the i"!ortance of h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e re"ains *ecisi;eE e;en at the center an* in highly in*'striali(e* sectors. What *eter"ines the lo.ering of costs an* the ele;ation of the rate of !rofit thro'gh "achinic s'r!l's ;al'e is not inno;ation itselfE .hose ;al'e is no "ore "eas'rable than that of h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e. /t is not e;en the !rofitability of the ne. techniK'e consi*ere* in isolationE b't its effect on the o;er-all !rofitability of the fir" in its relationshi!s .ith the "arket an* .ith co""ercial an* financial ca!ital. This i"!lies *iachronic enco'nters an* co'ntersectings s'ch as one alrea*y sees for e>a"!le in the early !art of the nineteenth cent'ryE bet.een the stea" engine an* te>tile "achines or techniK'es for the !ro*'ction of iron. /n generalE the intro*'ction of inno;ations al.ays ten*s to be *elaye* beyon* the ti"e scientifically necessaryE 'ntil the "o"ent .hen the "arket forecasts 2'stify their e>!loitation on a large scale. Oere againE alliance ca!ital e>erts a strong selecti;e !ress're on "achinic inno;ations .ithin in*'strial ca!ital. /n briefE there .here the flo.s are *eco*e*E the s!ecific flo.s of co*e that ha;e taken a technical an* scientific for" are s'b2ecte* to a !ro!erly social a>io"atic that is "'ch se;erer than all the scientific a>io"aticsE "'ch se;erer too than all the ol* co*es an* o;erco*es that ha;e *isa!!eare*I the a>io"atic of the .orl* ca!italist "arket. /n briefE the flo.s of co*e that are Jliberate*J in science an* technics by the ca!italist regi"e engen*er a "achinic s'r!l's ;al'e that *oes not *irectly *e!en* on science an* technics the"sel;esE b't on ca!ital-a s'r!l's ;al'e that is a**e* to h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e an* that co"es to correct the relati;e *i"in'tion of the latterE both of them constituting the whole of the surplus value of flux that characterizes the system. Kno.le*geE infor"ationE an* s!eciali(e* e*'cation are 2'st as "'ch !arts of ca!ital <Jkno.le*ge ca!italJ= as is the "ost ele"entary labor of the .orker. 8n* 2'st as .e fo'n*E on the si*e of h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e insofar as it res'lte* fro" *eco*e* flo.sE an inco""ens'rability or a f'n*a"ental asy""etry <no assignable e>terior li"it= bet.een "an'al labor an* ca!italE or bet.een t.o for"s of "oneyE here tooE on the si*e of the "achinic s'r!l's ;al'e res'lting fro" scientific an* technical flo.s of co*eE .e fin* no co""ens'rability or e>terior li"it bet.een scientific or technical labor-e;en .hen highly re"'nerate*-an* the !rofit of ca!ital that inscribes itself .ith another sort of .riting. /n this res!ect the kno.le*ge flo. an* the labor flo. fin* the"sel;es in the sa"e sit'ationE *eter"ine* by ca!italist *eco*ing or *eterritoriali(ation.

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C. Ca!italist e'!ire b(il$in% is !re$icate$ on this ty!e of scientific 'ana%e'ent. Science hol$s a s!ecial !lace in the $es!ot"s co(rt& a tool to control nat(re for in$(strial an$ !olitical %oals. Alternati#e Ener%y is a colonial tool to re%(late the !o!(lation an$ control )hat 'o$es of li#in% are $ee'e$ acce!table.
.ockin%E &rofessor of En;iron"ental an* :eso'rce St'*ies at Trent Bni;ersityE #0-7 GSte!henE CE"!ires of EcologyEF St'*. Oist. &hil. 5iol. P 5io"e*. Sci. $4E ElectronicH E"!ire-b'il*ing entaile* not only the transfer of s!eciesE b't the transfor"ation of lan*sca!es for both co""ercial an* !olitical en*s. This transfor"ation .as !rofitableE as s'gar !lantations in the Caribbean an* tea !lantations in /n*ia testifie*. /t .as also !olitically efficacio'sI control o;er colonial nat're .as a "eans of asserting i"!erial a'thority. ,a""ing an* channeling ri;ersE "anaging an* restricting access to forest an* nat're reser;esE transfor"ing shifting c'lti;ation into settle* far"ingE o'tla.ing tra*itional 'ses of fire <&yneE 133)=Mby s'ch "eans !eo!les .ere con;erte* into s'b2ects of e"!ire. Scientific kno.le*ge 'n*er!inne* this control an* transfor"ation of i"!erial ecologies. Scientists acco"!anie* e>!lorersE s'r;eying an* classifying nat'reI geogra!hical feat'resE "ineralsE s!ecies an* !eo!lesE bringing or*er to 'ni"agine* *i;ersity. They also ignite* E'ro!ean fascination .ith the .i*er .orl*E !ro;oking ne. theories an* .ays of thinking abo't nat'ral ;ariation an* geogra!hic !heno"enaE .hile filling c'rio cabinets .ith rare an* e>otic s!eci"ens. ThenE as e>!loration ga;e .ay to e>!loitationE scientists beca"e essential to i"!erial go;ernanceE thro'gh "a!!ing trans!ortation ro'tesE s'r;eying lan* <;ital to con;erting territory into ta>able !ro!erty=E *e;elo!ing forest an* agric'lt'ral research !rogra"sE a*;ising on the efficient a*"inistration of reso'rces an* !eo!lesE hel!ing to !rotect the interests of the e"!ire or of .hite settlersE an* assisting in the i"!osition of or*er an* the ass'rance of !rofitability. E"!ires ten*e* to be seen as technocratic challengesE a"enable to e>!ertE efficient "anage"entM5ritish /n*ia eK'i!!e* itself .ith "ore e>!ertise than *i* the 5ritish Ci;il Ser;ice. This ne>'s of or*erE !rofitability an* science .as e!ito"i(e* by i"!erial forestryE a transnational !ractice co"bining i*eas an* "etho*s fro" se;eral co'ntriesM 7er"anyE FranceE 5ritainMto i"!ose or*er on colonial nat're. /"!erial forestry science *efine* tra*itional !racticesE incl'*ing the 'se of fireE as !ri"iti;e an* *estr'cti;eE to be necessarily *is!lace* by "o*ernE rational science-base* "anage"ent. Forestry also e!ito"i(e* the o!!ressi;e ten*encies of colonial science base* a*"inistrationE .ith local !eo!le e>cl'*e* fro" forests that ha* been set asi*e to s'!!ly ti"ber for shi!sE rail.ay slee!ersE or other i"!erial !'r!oses <7a*gil P 7'haE 133#=.

PLATEAU 6 +ray +entle'en A. The contin(e$ re2 an$ $e2territoriali*ation of society is not beni%n. We are all transfor'e$ into re!laceable co%s in the 'achine (se$ to !re#ent its $estr(ction. E#en Ne) eals an$ !ro'ises for Social Sec(rity are tools in the a3io'atic that 'ake e3!loitation harsher. The 8oloca(st )as not 4(st another e#ent& b(t a !ro$(ct of the Ca!italist te'!late.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $)$H There is not one of these as!ects---not the least o!erationE the least in*'strial or financial "echanis"--that *oes not re;eal the insanity of the ca!italist "achine an* the !athological character of its rationalityI not at all a false rationalityE b't a tr'e rationality of this !athological stateE this insanityE Jthe "achine .orks tooE belie;e "eJ. The ca!italist "achine *oes not r'n the risk of beco"ing "a*E it is "a* fro" one en* to the other an* fro" the beginningE an* this is the so'rce of its rationalityE 0ar>Ns black h'"orE the so'rce of Ca!italE is his fascination .ith s'ch a "achineI ho. it ca"e to be asse"ble*E on .hat fo'n*ation of *eco*ing an* *eterritoriali(ationL ho. it .orksE al.ays "ore *eco*e*E al.ays "ore *eterritoriali(e*L ho. its o!eration gro.s "ore relentless .ith the *e;elo!"ent of the a>io"aticE the co"bination of the flo.sL ho. it !ro*'ces the terrible single class of gray gentle"en .ho kee! '! the "achineL ho. it *oes not r'n the risk of *ying all aloneE b't rather of "aking 's *ieE by !ro;oking to the ;ery en* in;este"ents of *esire that *o not e;en go by .ay of a *ece!ti;e an* s'b2ecti;e i*eologyE an* that lea* 's to cry o't to the ;ery en*E ong li;e ca!ital in all its realityE in all its ob2ecti;e *issi"'lationQ E>ce!t in i*eologyE there has ne;er been a h'"aneE liberalE !aternalE etc.E ca!italis". &age 6 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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Ca!italis" is *efine* by a cr'elty ha;ing no !arallel in the *es!otic regi"e of terror. Wage increases an* i"!ro;e"ents in the stan*ar* of li;ing are realitiesE b't realities that *eri;e fro" a gi;en s'!!le"entary a>io" that ca!italis" is al.ays ca!able of a**ing to its a>io"atic in ter"s of an enlarge"ent of its li"itsI letNs create the Ne. ,ealL letNs c'lti;ate an* recogni(e strong 'nionsL letNs !ro"ote !artici!ationE the single classL letNs take a ste! to.ar* :'ssiaE .hich is taking so "any to.ar* 'sL etc. 5't .ithin the enlarge* reality that con*itions these islan*sE e>!loitation gro.s constantly harsherE lack is arrange* in the "ost scientific of .aysE final sol'tions of the JRe.ish !roble"J ;ariety are !re!are* *o.n to the last *etailE an* the Thir* Worl* is organi(e* as an integral !art of ca!italis". The re!ro*'ction of the interior li"its of ca!italis" on an al.ays .i*er scale has se;eral conseK'encesI it !er"its increases an* i"!ro;e"ents of stan*ar*s at the centerE it *is!laces the harshest for"s of e>!loitation fro" the center to the !eri!heryE b't also "'lti!lies encla;es of o;er!o!'lation in the center itselfE an* easily tolerates the so-calle* socialist for"ations. </t is not kibb't(-style socialis" that tro'bles the 1ionist stateE 2'st as it is not :'ssian socialis" that tro'bles .orl* ca!italis".= There is no "eta!hor hereI the factories are !risonsE they *o not rese"ble !risonsE they are !risons.

.. Ca!italist e3!loitation has %one (nnotice$ for too lon% the silent col$ )ar res!onsible for catastro!he. 8('anity has been %ro(n$ into an e3!loite$ 'ass& st(!efie$ to catatonia an$ fille$ )ith fear c(l'inatin% in collecti#e s(ici$e.
+(attari an$ Ne%riE an /nstit'tional &sychoanalyst at a 5or*e Clinic an* a !rofessor at the Bni;ersitS *e 6incennes <&aris-6///= an* the CollTge /nternational *e &hiloso!hieE 13,9 GFeli> an* ToniE ommunists li!e usE &. 11-1$H E>!loitation has a*;ance*E on the basis of n'clear acc'"'lationE to beco"e a threat of e>ec'tionL the cycles of .ar an* the *anger of *estr'ction are .ell kno.n. No. .e are not *eter"inists - b't to*ay it is not only *eter"inists .ho recogni(e that the en* isE if not nearE certainly close byE es!ecially if .e aban*on !o.er to the ca!italist an* socialist 2'ggerna'ts of labor. &re;enting catastro!he .ill reK'ire a collecti;e "obili(ation for free*o". Contin'ing... Why *oes e;ery*ay life tre"ble .ith fear an* loathingU This fear is not the state of nat're as *escribe* by Oobbes - that ol* e>c'se of the .ar of all against allE in*i;i*'al .ills frag"ente* in a thirst for !o.er. :ather .hat .e ha;e no. is a transcen*entalE yet act'ally "an"a*e fear .hich see!s into e;ery "in* .ith i""obili(ingE catastro!hic *rea*. /n*ee* ho!e itself has fle* this ho!elessE ha!lessE grey .orl*. 5eyon* "alaiseE life sinks into sa*nessE bore*o" an* "onotonyE .ith no chance to break o't of the "orass of abs'r*ity. Co""'nication - s!eechE con;ersationE banterE e;en cons!iracy has all been taken in by the J*isco'rseJ of "ass "e*ia. /nter!ersonal relations like.ise ha;e s!oile*E an* are no. characteri(e* by in*ifferenceE *isingen'o's *isg'st an* self-hatre* - in a .or*E .eNre all s'ffering fro" ba* faith. 8"a(inglyE the fabric of h'"an feelings has itself co"e 'nra;ele*E since it no longer s'ccee*s in connecting the threa*s of *esire an* ho!e. 8s a res'ltE this !se'*o-.ar has !asse* o;er the .orl* for $0 years .itho't its key feat'res being notice*L the Col* War esca!es 'nrecogni(e* as the tr'e c'l!rit. ,'ring that .hole ti"eE h'"an conscio'sness has been gro'n* *o.n into so"ething "ore "anageableE e;en co"!licit. 8s the in*i;i*'al sinks into isolate* *es!airE all the b'ilt '! ;al'es in the .orl* colla!se aro'n* hi". Fear bree*s i"!otence an* !aralysis of e;ery sort. 9nly this collecti;e st'!efaction !re;ents onr'shing *es!air fro" reaching its logical concl'sion in collecti;e s'ici*eL a!!arently thereNs not eno'gh !assion left for s'ch a cris! transfor"ation. 5't the real trage*y is that e>!loitation "asK'era*es as fearI in*i;i*'al e>tensions - of *esires an* ho!e*- for the f't're - ha;e been si"!ly !rohibite*E b't 'n*er a "eta!hysicalE rather than !olitical g'ise.

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PLATEAU : Rhi*o'atic Chan%e A. .y this !oint yo("re )on$erin% ho) )e esca!e this o!!ression; the ans)er lies in the Pink Panther. We '(st reconstr(ct o(r relations in the for' of a rhi*o'e instea$ of an arborescent str(ct(re. <(r s(b4ecti#ity is the key to chan%e. Who )e are is )hat )e $o an$ ho) the )orl$ )orks.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. #4-#4H Write to the nth !o.erE the n - 1 !o.erE .rite .ith slogansI 0ake rhi(o"esE not rootsE ne;er !lantQ ,onNt so.E gro. offshootsQ ,onNt be one or "'lti!leE be "'lti!licitiesQ :'n linesE ne;er !lot a !ointQ S!ee* t'rns the !oint into a lineQ#4 5e K'ickE e;en .hen stan*ing stillQ ine of chanceE line of hi!sE line of flight. ,onNt bring o't the 7eneral in yo'Q ,onNt ha;e 2'st i*easE 2'st ha;e an i*ea <7o*ar*=. Oa;e short-ter" i*eas. 0ake "a!sE not !hotos or *ra.ings. 5e the &ink &anther an* yo'r lo;es .ill be like the .as! an* the orchi*E the cat an* the baboon. 8s they say abo't ol* "an ri;erI Oe *onNt !lant Ntatos ,onNt !lant cotton The" that !lants the" is soon forgotten 5't ol* "an ri;er he 2'st kee!s rollinN along 8 rhi(o"e has no beginning or en*L it is al.ays in the "i**leE bet.een thingsE interbeingE intermezzo. The tree is filiationE b't the rhi(o"e is allianceE 'niK'ely alliance. The tree i"!oses the ;erb Jto beEJ b't the fabric of the rhi(o"e is the con2'nctionE Jan*. . . an*.. . an*. . .J This con2'nction carries eno'gh force to shake an* '!root the ;erb Jto be.J Where are yo' goingU Where are yo' co"ing fro"U What are yo' hea*ing forU These are totally 'seless K'estions. 0aking a clean slateE starting or beginning again fro" gro'n* (eroE seeking a beginning or a fo'n*ationMall i"!ly a false conce!tion of ;oyage an* "o;e"ent <a conce!tion that is "etho*icalE !e*agogicalE initiatoryE sy"bolic...=. 5't KleistE en(E an* 5'chner ha;e another .ay of tra;eling an* "o;ingI !rocee*ing fro" the "i**leE thro'gh the "i**leE co"ing an* going rather than starting an* finishing.#4 8"erican literat'reE an* alrea*y English literat'reE "anifest this rhi(o"atic *irection to an e;en greater e>tentL they kno. ho. to "o;e bet.een thingsE establish a logic of the 8N,E o;erthro. ontologyE *o a.ay .ith fo'n*ationsE n'llify en*ings an* beginnings. They kno. ho. to !ractice !rag"atics. The "i**le is by no "eans an a;erageL on the contraryE it is .here things !ick '! s!ee*. 5et.een things *oes not *esignate a locali(able relation going fro" one thing to the other an* back againE b't a !er!en*ic'lar *irectionE a trans;ersal "o;e"ent that s.ee!s one an* the other a.ayE a strea" .itho't beginning or en* that 'n*er"ines its banks an* !icks '! s!ee* in the "i**le.

.. This 'eans )e '(st re4ect the e!iste'olo%y their Affir'ati#e is base$ in an$ free science fro' royal control. Tho(%ht is a tr(ly re#ol(tionary !ractice& )hen not )ra!!e$ in i'!erial !acka%in%. =nstea$ of #ie)in% #iolence as o(tsi$e& )e '(st t(rn o(r tho(%hts into )ar 'achines> #iolence a%ainst the o!!ressor. =t is not eno(%h 4(st to $estroy the co!y& b(t the i'a%e as )ell $a'nin% atte'!ts at Per'(ation.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. $)6-$))H 5't noology is confronte* by co'nter tho'ghtsE .hich are ;iolent in their acts an* *iscontin'o's in their a!!earancesE an* .hose e>istence is "obile in history. These are the acts of a J!ri;ate thinkerEJ as o!!ose* to the !'blic !rofessorI Kierkegaar*E Niet(scheE or e;en Shesto;. Where;er they *.ellE it is the ste!!e or the *esert. They *estroy i"ages. Niet(scheNs Schopenhauer as Educator is !erha!s the greatest critiK'e e;er *irecte* against the i"age of tho'ght an* its relation to the State. J&ri;ate thinkerEJ ho.e;erE is not a satisfactory e>!ressionE beca'se it e>aggerates interiorityE .hen it is a K'estion of o'tsi*e tho'ght. 44 To !lace tho'ght in an i""e*iate relation .ith the o'tsi*eE .ith the forces of the o'tsi*eE in short to "ake tho'ght a .ar "achineE is a strange 'n*ertaking .hose !recise !roce*'res can be st'*ie* in Niet(sche <the a!horis"E for &age + of 10+ All free minds to the front

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e>a"!leE is ;ery *ifferent fro" the "a>i"E for a "a>i"E in the re!'blic of lettersE is like an organic State act or so;ereign 2'*g"entE .hereas an a!horis" al.ays a.aits its "eaning fro" a ne. e>ternal forceE a final force that "'st conK'er or s'b2'gate itE 'tili(e it=. There is another reason .hy J!ri;ate thinkerJ is not a goo* e>!ression. 8ltho'gh it is tr'e that this co'nter tho'ght attests to an absol'te solit'*eE it is an e>tre"ely !o!'lo's solit'*eE like the *esert itselfE a solit'*e alrea*y intert.ine* .ith a !eo!le to co"eE one that in;okes an* a.aits that !eo!leE e>isting only thro'gh itE tho'gh it is not yet here. JWe are lacking that final forceE in the absence of a !eo!le to bear 's. We are looking for that !o!'lar s'!!ort.J E;ery tho'ght is alrea*y a tribeE the o!!osite of a State. 8n* this for" of e>teriority of tho'ght is not at all sy""etrical to the for" of 8nteriority. Strictly s!eakingE sy""etry e>ists only bet.een *ifferent !oles or focal !oints of interiority. 5't the for" of e>teriority of tho'ghtMthe force that is al.ays e>ternal to itselfE or the final forceE the nth !o.erMis not at all another i"age in o!!osition to the i"age ins!ire* by the State a!!arat's. /t isE ratherE a force that *estroys both the i"age an* its co!iesE the "o*el an* its re!ro*'ctionsE e;ery !ossibility of s'bor*inating tho'ght to a "o*el of the Tr'eE the R'stE or the :ight <Cartesian tr'thE Kantian 2'stE Oegelian rightE etc.=. 8 J"etho*J is the striate* s!ace of the cogitatio universalis an* *ra.s a !ath that "'st be follo.e* fro" one !oint to another. 5't the for" of e>teriority sit'ates tho'ght in a s"ooth s!ace that it "'st occ'!y .itho't co'ntingE an* for .hich there is no !ossible "etho*E no concei;able re!ro*'ctionE b't only relaysE inter"e((osE res'rgences. Tho'ght is like the 6a"!ireL it has no i"ageE either to constit'te a "o*el of or to co!y. /n the s"ooth s!ace of 1enE the arro. *oes not go fro" one !oint to another b't is taken '! at any !ointE to be sent to any other !ointE an* ten*s to !er"'te .ith the archer an* the target. The !roble" of the .ar "achine is that of relayingE e;en .ith "o*est "eansE not that of the architectonic "o*el or the "on'"ent. 8n a"b'lant !eo!le of relayersE rather than a "o*el society. JNat're !ro!els the !hiloso!her into "ankin* like an arro.L it takes no ai" b't ho!es the arro. .ill stick so"e.here. 5't co'ntless ti"es it "isses an* is *e!resse* at the fact The artist an* the !hiloso!her are e;i*ence against the !'r!osi;eness of nat're as regar*s the "eans it e"!loysE tho'gh they are also first-rate e;i*ence as to the .is*o" of its !'r!ose. They strike ho"e at only a fe.E .hile they o'ght to strike ho"e at e;erybo*yMan* e;en these fe. are not str'ck .ith the force .ith .hich the !hiloso!her an* artist la'nch their shot.J44

C. We $on"t kno) )here the re#ol(tionary flo) )ill co'e fro'. Ca!italis' has seale$ off !re#io(s !aths of esca!e& b(t no )orry )hen the $eteritoriali*e$ flo) is reali*e$& e#erythin% beco'es !ossible.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $)+H The act'ali(ation of a re;ol'tionary !otentiality is e>!laine* less by the !reconscio's state of ca'sality in .hich it is nonetheless incl'*e*E than by the efficacy of a libi*inal break at a !recise "o"entE a schi( .hose sole ca'se is *esire-.hich is to say the r'!t're .ith ca'sality that forces a re.riting of history on a le;el .ith the realE an* !ro*'ces this strangely !oly;ocal "o"ent .hen e;erything is !ossible. 9f co'rse the schi( has been !re!are* by a s'bterranean labor of ca'sesE ai"sE an* interests .orking togetherL of co'rse this or*er of ca'ses r'ns the risk of closing an* ce"enting the breach in the na"e of the ne. soci's an* its interests. 9f co'rse one can al.ays say after the fact that history has ne;er cease* being go;erne* by the sa"e la.s of aggregates an* large n'"bers. The fact re"ains that the schi( ca"e into e>istence only by "eans of a *esire .itho't ai" or ca'se that charte* it an* si*e* .ith it. While the schi( is !ossible .itho't the or*er of ca'sesE it beco"es real only by "eans of so"ething of another or*erI ,esireE the *esert-*esireE the re;ol'tionary in;est"ent of *esire. 8n* that is in*ee* .hat 'n*er"ines ca!italis"I .here .ill the re;ol'tion co"e fro"E an* in .hat for" within the e>!loite* "assesU /t is like *eath-.hereE .henU /t .ill be a *eco*e* flo.E a *eterritoriali(e* flo. that r'ns too far an* c'ts too shar!lyE thereby esca!ing fro" the a>io"atic of ca!italis". Will it co"e in the !erson of a CastroE an 8rabE a 5lack &antherE or a China"an on the hori(onU 8 0ay N6+E a ho"e-gro.n 0aoist !lante* like an anchorite on a factory s"okestackU 8l.ays the a**ition of an a>io" to seal off a breach that has been *isco;ere*L fascist colonels start rea*ing 0aoE .e .onNt be foole* againL Castro has beco"e i"!ossibleE e;en in relation to hi"selfL ;ac'oles are isolate*E ghettos create*L 'nions are a!!eale* to for hel!L the "ost sinister for"s of J*iss'asionJ are in;ente*L the re!ression of interest is reinforce*-b't .here .ill the ne. irr'!tion of *esire co"e fro"U41

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1NC Shell ?aciality

<.SER@AT=<N 1 The Way =t =s A. Presi$ent .(sh& o(r Abelo#e$" co''an$er an$ chief& is the c(rrent face of A'erica& an$ as t)o !oliticians battle it o(t to beco'e the ne)est A'erican =$ol& the Affir'ati#e a!!eals to the State for one 'ore tinny chan%e. The State& ho)e#er& creates a binary syste' )here )hate#er $oes not a$here to the nor' or co(l$ !ossibly !(t a ble'ish on the State"s !erfect co'!le3ion is +enoci$e$ for the !(r!ose of contin(ity. E#en if the Affir'ati#e achie#es its %oal of chan%e& their $esire is no) inscribe$ an$ s(b4ectifie$ )ithin the state"s le$%ers.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 1)6-1)+H The reason is si"!le. The face is not a 'ni;ersal. /t is not e;en that of the .hite "anL it is White 0an hi"selfE .ith his broa* .hite cheeks an* the black hole of his eyes. The face is Christ. The face is the ty!ical E'ro!eanE .hat E(ra &o'n* calle* the a;erage sens'al "anE in shortE the or*inary e;ery*ay Eroto"aniac <nineteenthcent'ry !sychiatrists .ere right to say that eroto"aniaE 'nlike ny"!ho"aniaE often re"ains !'re an* chasteL this is beca'se it o!erates thro'gh the face an* faciali(ation=. Not a 'ni;ersalE b't fades totius universi. Res's Christ s'!erstarI he in;ente* the faciali(ation of the entire bo*y an* s!rea* it e;ery.here <the &assion of Roan of 8rcE in close-'!=. Th's the face is by nat're an entirely s!ecific i*eaE .hich *i* not !recl'*e its acK'iring an* e>ercising the "ost general of f'nctionsI the f'nction of bi'ni;ocali(ationE or binari(ation. /t has t.o as!ectsI the abstract "achine of facialityE insofar as it is co"!ose* by a black hole%.hite .all syste"E f'nctions in t.o .aysE one of .hich concerns the 'nits or ele"entsE the other the choices. Bn*er the first as!ectE the black hole acts as a central co"!'terE ChristE the thir* eye that "o;es across the .all or the .hite screen ser;ing as general s'rface of reference. :egar*less of the content one gi;es itE the "achine constit'tes a facial 'nitE an ele"entary face in bi'ni;ocal relation .ith anotherI it is a "an or a .o"anE a rich !erson or a !oor oneE an a*'lt or a chil*E a lea*er or a s'b2ectE Jan > or a y.J The "o;e"ent of the black hole across the screenE the tra2ectory of the thir* eye o;er the s'rface of referenceE constit'tes so "any *ichoto"ies or arborescencesE like fo'r-eye "achines "a*e of ele"entary faces linke* together t.o by t.o. The face of a teacher an* a st'*entE father an* sonE .orker an* bossE co! an* citi(enE acc'se* an* 2'*ge <Jthe 2'*ge ha* a stern e>!ressionE his eyes .ere hori(onless...J=I concrete in*i;i*'ali(e* faces are !ro*'ce* an* transfor"e* on the basis of these 'nitsE these co"binations of 'nitsMlike the face of a rich chil* in .hich a "ilitary calling is alrea*y *iscernibleE that West &oint chin. Ao' *onNt so "'ch ha;e a face as sli*e into one. Bn*er the secon* as!ectE the abstract "achine of faciality ass'"es a role of selecti;e res!onseE or choiceI gi;en a concrete faceE the "achine 2'*ges .hether it !asses or notE .hether it goes or notE on the basis of the ele"entary facial 'nits. This ti"eE the binary relation is of the Jyes-noJ ty!e. The e"!ty eye or black hole absorbs or re2ectsE like a half-*o**ering *es!ot .ho can still gi;e a signal of acK'iescence or ref'sal. The face of a gi;en teacher is contorte* by tics an* bathe* in an an>iety that "akes it Jno go.J 8 *efen*antE a s'b2ectE *is!lays an o;eraffecte* s'b"ission that t'rns into insolence. 9r so"eone is too !olite to be honest. 8 gi;en face is neither a "anNs nor a .o"anNs. 9r it is neither a !oor !ersonNs nor a rich !ersonNs. /s it so"eone .ho lost his fort'neU 8t e;ery "o"entE the "achine re2ects faces that *o not confor"E or see" s's!icio's. 5't only at a gi;en le;el of choice. For it is necessary to !ro*'ce s'ccessi;e *i;ergence-ty!es of *e;iance for e;erything that el'*es bi'ni;ocal relationshi!sE an* to establish binary relations bet.een .hat is acce!te* on first choice an* .hat is only tolerate* on secon*E thir* choiceE etc. The .hite .all is al.ays e>!an*ingE an* the black hole f'nctions re!eate*ly. The teacher has gone "a*E b't "a*ness is a face confor"ing to the nth choice <not the lastE ho.e;erE since there are "a* faces that *o not confor" to .hat one ass'"es "a*ness sho'l* be=. 8 haQ /tNs not a "an an* itNs not a .o"anE so it "'st be a trans;estiteI The binary relation is bet.een the JnoJ of the first category an* the JyesJ of the follo.ing categoryE .hich 'n*er certain con*itions "ay 2'st as easily "ark a tolerance as in*icate an ene"y to be "o.e* *o.n at all costs. 8t any rateE yo'N;e been recogni(e*E the abstract "achine has yo' inscribe* in its o;erall gri*. /t is clear that in its ne. role as *e;iance *etectorE the faciality "achine *oes not restrict itself to in*i;i*'al cases b't o!erates in 2'st as general a fashion as it *i* in its first roleE the co"!'tation of nor"alities. /f the face is in fact ChristE in other .or*sE yo'r a;erage or*inary White 0anE then the first *e;iancesE the first *i;ergencety!esE are racialI yello. &age 10 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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"anE black "anE "en in the secon* or thir* category. They are also inscribe* on the .allE *istrib'te* by the hole. They "'st be Christiani(e*E in other .or*sE faciali(e*. E'ro!ean racis" as the .hite "anNs clai" has ne;er o!erate* by e>cl'sionE or by the *esignation of so"eone as 9therI it is instea* in !ri"iti;e societies that the stranger is gras!e* as an Jother.J1# :acis" o!erates by the *eter"ination of *egrees of *e;iance in relation to the White-0an faceE .hich en*ea;ors to integrate nonconfor"ing traits into increasingly eccentric an* back.ar* .a;esE so"eti"es tolerating the" at gi;en !laces 'n*er gi;en con*itionsE in a gi;en ghettoE so"eti"es erasing the" fro" the .allE .hich ne;er abi*es alterity <itNs a Re.E itNs an 8rabE itNs a NegroE itNs a l'natic . . .=. Fro" the ;ie.!oint of racis"E there is no e>teriorE there are no !eo!le on the o'tsi*e. There are only !eo!le .ho sho'l* be like 's an* .hose cri"e it is not to be. The *i;i*ing line is not bet.een insi*e an* o'tsi*e b't rather is internal to si"'ltaneo's signifying chains an* s'ccessi;e s'b2ecti;e choices. :acis" ne;er *etects the !articles of the otherL it !ro!agates .a;es of sa"eness 'ntil those .ho resist i*entification ha;e been .i!e* o't <or those .ho only allo. the"sel;es to be i*entifie* at a gi;en *egree of *i;ergence=. /ts cr'elty is eK'ale* only by its inco"!etence an* naV;etS.

.. Their insistence on chan%e )ithin the syste' is an a!!eal to tra$itional nor's& no 'atter ho) re#ol(tionary their !lan. A!!eals to the syste' are only 'eans to sit(ate oneself co'fortably )ithin the syste'.
,ele'(e an* 7'attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13)# G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 1)0-1)1H Oo. are .e to 'n*erstan* the !hrases .ith .hich 0. C. an* E*"on* 9rtig'es concl'*e their bookU J/llness is consi*ere* as a sign of an electionE of a s!ecial attention co"ing fro" s'!ernat'ral !o.ersE or as a sign of an aggression of a "agical nat'reE an i*ea that is *iffic'lt to e>!ress in !rofane ter"s. 8nalytic !sychothera!y can inter;ene only starting fro" the "o"ent a *e"an* can be for"'late* by the s'b2ect. 9'r entire research .as therefore con*itione* by the !ossibility of establishing a !sychoanalytic *o"ain. When a s'b2ect a*here* f'lly to the tra*itional nor"s an* ha* nothing to say in his o.n na"eE he allo.e* hi"self to be taken into the care of the tra*itional thera!ists an* the fa"ilial gro'!E or into that of the "e*ical !ractice of N"e*icines.N 8t ti"esE the fact that he .ante* to s!eak to 's abo't tra*itional treat"ents corres!on*e* to a beginning of !sychothera!y an* beca"e for hi" a "eans of sit'ating hi"self !ersonally in his o.n societyW8t other ti"esE the analytic *ialog'e .as able to 'nfol* to a greater e>tentE an* in this case the 9e*i!al !roble" ten*e* to ass'"e its *iachronic *i"ensionE ca'sing the generation ga! to a!!ear.J## Why think that s'!ernat'ral !o.ers an* "agical aggressions constit'te a "yth that is inferior to 9e*i!'sU 9n the contraryE is it not tr'e that they "o;e *esire in the *irection of "ore intense an* "ore a*eK'ate in;est"ents of the social fiel*E in its organi(ation as .ell as its *isorgani(ationsU 0eyer Fortes at least sho.e* RobNs !lace besi*e 9e*i!'s. 8n* .hat entitles one to *eter"ine that the s'b2ect has nothing to say in his o.n na"e so long as he a*heres to the tra*itional nor"sU ,oesnNt the N*e"b' c're *e"onstrate 2'st the o!!ositeU Co'l* it not be sai* that 9e*i!'s is also a tra*itional nor"-o'r o.nE to be e>actU Oo. can one say that 9e*i!'s "akes 's s!eak in o'r o.n na"eE .hen one also goes on to say that its resol'tion teaches 's Jthe inc'rable ina*eK'acy of beingJ an* 'ni;ersal castrationU 8n* .hat is this J*e"an*J that is in;oke* to 2'stify 9e*i!'sU /t goes .itho't sayingE the s'b2ect *e"an*s an* re*e"an*s *a**y-"o""yI b't .hich s'b2ectE an* in .hat stateU /s that the "eans Jto sit'ate oneself !ersonally in oneNs o.n societyJU 8n* .hich societyU The neocoloni(e* society that is constr'cte* for the s'b2ectE an* that finally s'ccee*s in .hat coloni(ation .as only able to o'tlineI an effecti;e re*'ction of the forces of *esire to 9e*i!'sE to a fatherNs na"eE in the grotesK'e triangleU

C. Their a!!eal is a )ork of s(b4ectification& $eter'inin% i$entities base$ (!on their !lan an$ the Syste'. This %rants cre$ence to the State to $isci!line an$ control as it !leases.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 1+0-1+1H Oo.e;erE there is "ore to the !ict're than se"iotic syste"s .aging .ar on one another ar"e* only .ith their o.n .ea!ons. "ery specific assemblages of power impose signifiance and sub#ectification as their *eter"inate for" of e>!ressionE in reci!rocal !res'!!osition .ith ne. contentsI there is no signifiance .itho't a *es!otic &age 11 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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asse"blageE no s'b2ectification .itho't an a'thoritarian asse"blageE an* no "i>t're bet.een the t.o .itho't asse"blages of !o.er that act thro'gh signifiers an* act '!on so'ls an* s'b2ects. /t is these asse"blagesE these *es!otic or a'thoritarian for"ationsE that gi;e the ne. se"iotic syste" the "eans of its i"!erialis"E in other .or*sE the "eans both to cr'sh the other se"iotics an* !rotect itself against any threat fro" o'tsi*e. 8 concerte* effort is "a*e to *o a.ay .ith the bo*y an* cor!oreal coor*inates thro'gh .hich the "'lti*i"ensional or !oly;ocal se"iotics o!erate*. 5o*ies are *isci!line*E cor!oreality *is"antle*E beco"ingsani"al ho'n*e* o'tE *eterritoriali(ation !'she* to a ne. threshol* a 2'"! is "a*e fro" the organic strata to the strata of signifiance an* s'b2ectification. 8 single s'bstance of e>!ression is !ro*'ce*. The .hite .all%black hole syste" is constr'cte*E or rather the abstract "achine is triggere* that "'st allo. an* ens're the al"ightiness of the signifier as .ell as the a'tono"y of the s'b2ect. Ao' .ill be !inne* to the .hite .all an* st'ffe* in the black hole. This "achine is calle* the faciality "achine beca'se it is the social !ro*'ction effaceE beca'se it !erfor"s the faciali(ation of the entire bo*y an* all its s'rro'n*ings an* ob2ectsE an* the lan*sca!ification of all .orl*s an* "ilie's. The *eterritoriali(ation of the bo*y i"!lies a reterritoriali(ation on the faceL the *eco*ing of the bo*y i"!lies an o;erco*ing by the faceL the colla!se of cor!oreal coor*inates or "ilie's i"!lies the constit'tion of a lan*sca!e. The se"iotic of the signifier an* the s'b2ecti;e ne;er o!erates thro'gh bo*ies. /t is abs'r* to clai" to relate the signifier to the bo*y. 8t any rate it can be relate* only to a bo*y that has alrea*y been entirely faciali(e*. The *ifference bet.een o'r 'nifor"s an* clothes an* !ri"iti;e !aintings an* garb is that the for"er effect a faciali(ation of the bo*yE .ith b'ttons for black holes against the .hite .all of the "aterial. E;en the "ask ass'"es a ne. f'nction hereE the e>act o!!osite of its ol* one. For there is no 'nitary f'nction of the "askE e>ce!t a negati;e one <in no case *oes the "ask ser;e to *issi"'lateE to hi*eE e;en .hile sho.ing or re;ealing=. Either the "ask ass'res the hea*Ns belonging to the bo*yE its beco"ingani"alE as .as the case in !ri"iti;e societies. 9rE as is the case no.E the "ask ass'res the erectionE the constr'ction of the faceE the faciali(ation of the hea* an* the bo*yI the "ask is no. the face itselfE the abstraction or o!eration of the face. The inh'"anity of the face. Ne;er *oes the face ass'"e a !rior signifier or s'b2ect. The or*er is totally *ifferentI *es!otic an* a'thoritarian concrete asse"blage of !o.er triggering of the abstract "achine of facialityE .hite .all%black hole installation of the ne. se"iotic of signifiance an* s'b2ectification on that holey s'rface. That is .hy .e ha;e been a**ressing 2'st t.o !roble"s e>cl'si;elyI the relation of the face to the abstract "achine that !ro*'ces itE an* the relation of the face to the asse"blages of !o.er that reK'ire that social !ro*'ction. The face is a !olitics

. Si%nifiance is not a beni%n act. B(st like the State 'ay acce!t the ne) i$entities& they 'ay $eny the' as )ell. E3tinction no) loo's o#er their hea$s& the a3e to $ro! at any secon$.
La'bertE &rofessor of English at the Bni;ersity of Syrac'seE #0-7 G7reggE C8gainst :eligion <Witho't C:eligionF=I 8 Ne. :ationalist :e!ly to Rohn ,. Ca!'to@s On $eligionEF %ournal for ultural and $eligious TheoryE ;ol. 4 no. #H What "'st ha;e terrifie* Wright an* "oti;ate* hi" to res!on* .ith s'ch serio'sness to Silko@s anec*ote abo't the *eath of their !et rooster .as !robably containe* in her last re"arkI CThere are no li"its to o'r lo;e.F / .ill "o*ify this !hrase in or*er to rea* it the .ay Wright ha* "ost likely 'n*erstoo* itI CThere are no li"its to o'r 'nconscio's *e"an* for the lo;e of another. Nothing an* no-one it see"sE fro" an ato" all the .ay to a 7o*E can esca!e this insane *e"an*.F /n "o*ern 'rban societiesE in !artic'larE the *ifferent e>!ressions of this *e"an* are linke* to the social !ro*'ction of a Cnon-kno.le*geF that *aily threatens the in*i;i*'al i*entity on all si*es an* can be inferre* fro" the "ost co""on an* e;ery*ay occ'rrences of anony"ityE !ersonal or collecti;e forgettingE en"ityE *enialE o!!ressionE an* estrange"ent <or social alienation=. These are the i"!licate for"s of an 'nconscio's or*er that con*itions the "ost K'oti*ian relationshi!sE "arking a social !resent for the in*i;i*'al .hose i*entity is bor*ere* on each si*e by a threat of extinction. CAo' are either for usEF a certain gro'!E classE or social cell "ight sayE Cor yo' *on@t e>ist. CAo' are nothing for 's an*E conseK'entlyE no-one.F Silently an* 'nre"arkablyE this &ither'Or constit'tes .hat / .o'l* call Cthe social !resent tenseEF an* e;en re!resents a *o"inant factor of sociali(ationE one .hich can be fo'n* at the heart of e;ery e>ten*e* fa"ilyE e;ery !rofessional organi(ationE e;ery .ork!laceE cocktail !artyL e;ery school or 'ni;ersityE organi(e* religionE ethnic or !olitical co""'nity. The ;ery existence of the "o*ern in*i;i*'alE an e>istence .hich can only be establishe* fro" the stan*!oint of the recognition by othersE is sha!e* by a contin'o's force of nihilation that effecti;ely *eci*esE in the case of each !artic'larE the K'estion Cto beE or not to beF in the "ost *ecisi;e "anner. /n its e>tre"e e>!ressionsE this &age 1# of 10+ All free minds to the front

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force of nihilation "'st be bro'ght into contact .ith the "ore collecti;e e>!ressions of social hatre* <or en"ity=E !olitical re!ressionE an* e;en .ith a certain genoci*al *esire that lies at the basis of "ost historical societies. /ronicallyE .e ha;e e;en co"e to *isco;er that often the ;ery !rinci!le that Cgi;esF the in*i;i*'al her i*entity an* bin*s this i*entity to a collecti;e i*entification <one .hich is 2'st as "'ch for the gro'! as it is for the in*i;i*'al=E is the sa"e !rinci!le that also 'n*erlies the strange an* !ara*o>ical logic that "akes the hatre* of strangers an* the !ersec'tion of selecte* CothersF .ith the threat of e>tinction an* non-i*entity an ine;itable conseK'ence.

E. The i''anence of the 'achine ca(se$ their search )ithin syste'. They !ro$(ce resistance that ca!italis' coo!ts an$ )hile t(rnin% those searchin% for chan%e into Co!s !rotectin% the syste'.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $44-$46H We ha;e seen ho. the ca!italist "achine constit'te* a syste" of i""anence bor*ere* by a great "'tant flo.E non!ossessi;e an* non!ossesse*E flo.ing o;er the f'll bo*y of ca!ital an* for"ing an abs'r* !o.er. E;eryone in his class an* his !erson recei;es so"ething fro" this !o.erE or is e>cl'*e* fro" itE insofar as the great flo. is con;erte* into inco"esE inco"es of .ages or of enter!rises that *efine ai"s or s!heres of interestE selectionsE *etach"entsE an* !ortions. 5't the in;est"ent of the flo. itself an* its a>io"aticE .hich to be s're reK'ires no !recise kno.le*ge of !olitical econo"yE is the b'siness of the 'nconscio's libi*oE inas"'ch as it is !res'!!ose* by the ai"s. We see the "ost *isa*;antage*E the "ost e>cl'*e* "e"bers of society in;est .ith !assion the syste" that o!!resses the"E an* .here they al.ays find an interestE since it is here that they search for an* "eas're it. /nterest al.ays co"es after. 8nti!ro*'ction eff'ses in the syste"I anti!ro*'ction is lo;e* for itselfE as is the .ay in .hich *esire re!resses itself in the great ca!italist aggregate. :e!ressing *esireE not only for others b't in oneselfE being the co! for others an* for oneself-that is .hat aro'sesE an* it is not i*eologyE it is econo"y. Ca!italis" garners an* !ossesses the force of the ai" an* the interest (power), b't it feels a *isintereste* lo;e for the abs'r* an* non!ossesse* force of the "achine. 9hE to be s'reE it is not for hi"self or his chil*ren that the ca!italist .orksE b't for the i""ortality of the syste". 8 ;iolence .itho't !'r!oseE a 2oyE a !'re 2oy in feeling oneself a .heel in the "achineE tra;erse* by flo.sE broken by schi((es. &lacing oneself in a !osition .here one is th's tra;erse*E brokenE f'cke* by the soci'sE looking for the right !lace .hereE accor*ing to the ai"s an* the interests assigne* to 'sE one feels so"ething "o;ing that has neither an interest nor a !'r!ose. 8 sort of art for artNs sake in the libi*oE a taste for a 2ob .ell *oneE each one in his o.n !laceE the bankerE the co!E the sol*ierE the technocratE the b'rea'cratE an* .hy not the .orkerE the tra*e-'nionist. ,esire is aga!e.

<.SER@AT=<N 6 The Way it Sho(l$ .e A. The alternati#e is to be the Pink Panther& contin(ally 'o#in% an$ re!aintin% the )orl$.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. #4-#4H Write to the nth !o.erE the n - 1 !o.erE .rite .ith slogansI 0ake rhi(o"esE not rootsE ne;er !lantQ ,onNt so.E gro. offshootsQ ,onNt be one or "'lti!leE be "'lti!licitiesQ :'n linesE ne;er !lot a !ointQ S!ee* t'rns the !oint into a lineQ#4 5e K'ickE e;en .hen stan*ing stillQ ine of chanceE line of hi!sE line of flight. ,onNt bring o't the 7eneral in yo'Q ,onNt ha;e 2'st i*easE 2'st ha;e an i*ea <7o*ar*=. Oa;e short-ter" i*eas. 0ake "a!sE not !hotos or *ra.ings. 5e the &ink &anther an* yo'r lo;es .ill be like the .as! an* the orchi*E the cat an* the baboon. 8s they say abo't ol* "an ri;erI Oe *onNt !lant Ntatos ,onNt !lant cotton The" that !lants the" is soon forgotten 5't ol* "an ri;er he 2'st kee!s rollinN along 8 rhi(o"e has no beginning or en*L it is al.ays in the "i**leE bet.een thingsE interbeingE intermezzo. The tree is filiationE b't the rhi(o"e is allianceE 'niK'ely alliance. The tree i"!oses the ;erb Jto beEJ b't the fabric of the &age 1$ of 10+ All free minds to the front

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rhi(o"e is the con2'nctionE Jan*. . . an*.. . an*. . .J This con2'nction carries eno'gh force to shake an* '!root the ;erb Jto be.J Where are yo' goingU Where are yo' co"ing fro"U What are yo' hea*ing forU These are totally 'seless K'estions. 0aking a clean slateE starting or beginning again fro" gro'n* (eroE seeking a beginning or a fo'n*ationMall i"!ly a false conce!tion of ;oyage an* "o;e"ent <a conce!tion that is "etho*icalE !e*agogicalE initiatoryE sy"bolic...=. 5't KleistE en(E an* 5'chner ha;e another .ay of tra;eling an* "o;ingI !rocee*ing fro" the "i**leE thro'gh the "i**leE co"ing an* going rather than starting an* finishing.#4 8"erican literat'reE an* alrea*y English literat'reE "anifest this rhi(o"atic *irection to an e;en greater e>tentL they kno. ho. to "o;e bet.een thingsE establish a logic of the 8N,E o;erthro. ontologyE *o a.ay .ith fo'n*ationsE n'llify en*ings an* beginnings. They kno. ho. to !ractice !rag"atics. The "i**le is by no "eans an a;erageL on the contraryE it is .here things !ick '! s!ee*. *et.een things *oes not *esignate a locali(able relation going fro" one thing to the other an* back againE b't a !er!en*ic'lar *irectionE a trans;ersal "o;e"ent that s.ee!s one an* the other a.ayE a strea" .itho't beginning or en* that 'n*er"ines its banks an* !icks '! s!ee* in the "i**le.

.. Within the conte3t of the !lan& this 'eans )e '(st analy*e the facial 'achine the A?? has b(ilt an$ $econstr(ct it. We '(st no lon%er look into the ?ace"s eyes for reco%nition& b(t create lines of fli%ht an$ ri$e the' to free$o'.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 1)0H We can no. !ro!ose the follo.ing *istinctionI the face is !art of a s'rface-holesE holey s'rfaceE syste". This syste" sho'l* 'n*er no circ'"stances be conf'se* .ith the ;ol'"e-ca;ity syste" !ro!er to the <!ro!rioce!ti;e= bo*y. The hea* is incl'*e* in the bo*yE b't the face is not. The face is a s'rfaceI facial traitsE linesE .rinklesL long faceE sK'are faceE triang'lar faceL the face is a "a!E e;en .hen it is a!!lie* to an* .ra!s a ;ol'"eE e;en .hen it s'rro'n*s an* bor*ers ca;ities that are no. no "ore than holes. The hea*E e;en the h'"an hea*E is not necessarily a face. The face is !ro*'ce* only .hen the hea* ceases to be a !art of the bo*yE .hen it ceases to be co*e* by the bo*yE .hen it ceases to ha;e a "'lti*i"ensionalE !oly;ocal cor!oreal co*eM .hen the bo*yE hea* incl'*e*E has been *eco*e* an* has to be overcoded by so"ething .e shall call the Face. This a"o'nts to saying that the hea*E all the ;ol'"e-ca;ity ele"ents of the hea*E ha;e to be faciali(e*. What acco"!lishes this is the screen .ith holesE the .hite .all%black holeE the abstract "achine !ro*'cing faciality. 5't the o!eration *oes not en* thereI if the hea* an* its ele"ents are faciali(e*E the entire bo*y also can be faciali(e*E co"es to be faciali(e* as !art of an ine;itable !rocess. When the "o'th an* noseE b't first the eyesE beco"e a holey s'rfaceE all the other ;ol'"es an* ca;ities of the bo*y follo.. 8n o!eration .orthy of ,octor 0orea'I horrible an* "agnificent. Oan*E breastE sto"achE !enis an* ;aginaE thighE leg an* footE all co"e to be faciali(e*. Fetishis"E eroto"aniaE etc.E are inse!arable fro" these !rocesses of faciali(ation. /t is not at all a K'estion of taking a !art of the bo*y an* "aking it resemble a faceE or "aking a *rea"-face *ance in a clo'*. No anthro!o"or!his" here. Faciali(ation o!erates not by rese"blance b't by an or*er of reasons. /t is a "'ch "ore 'nconscio's an* "achinic o!eration that *ra.s the entire bo*y across the holey s'rfaceE an* in .hich the role of the face is not as a "o*el or i"ageE b't as an o;erco*ing of all of the *eco*e* !arts. E;erything re"ains se>'alL there is no s'bli"ationE b't there are ne. coor*inates. /t is !recisely beca'se the face *e!en*s on an abstract "achine that it is not content to co;er the hea*E b't to'ches all other !arts of the bo*yE an* e;enE if necessaryE other ob2ects .itho't rese"blance. The K'estion then beco"es .hat circ'"stances trigger the "achine that !ro*'ces the face an* faciali(ation. 8ltho'gh the hea*E e;en the h'"an hea*E is not necessarily a faceE the face is !ro*'ce* in h'"anity. 5't it is !ro*'ce* by a necessity that *oes not a!!ly to h'"an beings Jin general.J The face is not ani"alE b't neither is it h'"an in generalL there is e;en so"ething absol'tely inh'"an abo't the face. /t .o'l* be an error to !rocee* as tho'gh the face beca"e inh'"an only beyon* a certain threshol*I close '!E e>tre"e "agnificationE recon*ite e>!ressionE etc. The inh'"an in h'"an beingsI that is .hat the face is fro" the start. /t is by nat're a close'!E .ith its inani"ate .hite s'rfacesE its shining black holesE its e"!tiness an* bore*o". 5'nker-face. To the !oint that if h'"an beings ha;e a *estinyE it is rather to esca!e the faceE to *is"antle the face an* faciali(ationsE to beco"e i"!erce!tibleE to beco"e clan*estineE not by ret'rning to ani"alityE nor e;en by ret'rning to the hea*E b't by K'ite s!irit'al an* s!ecial beco"ings-ani"alE by strange tr'e beco"ings that get !ast the .all an* get o't of the black holesE that make faciality traits the"sel;es finally el'*e the organi(ation of the faceMfreckles *ashing to.ar* the hori(onE hair carrie* off by the .in*E eyes yo' tra;erse instea* of seeing yo'rself in or &age 14 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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ga(ing into in those gl'" face-to-face enco'nters bet.een signifying s'b2ecti;ities. J/ no longer look into the eyes of the .o"an / hol* in "y ar"s b't / s.i" thro'ghE hea* an* ar"s an* legsE an* / see that behin* the sockets of the eyes there is a region 'ne>!lore*E the .orl* of f't'rityE an* here there is no logic .hatsoe;er. . . . / ha;e broken the .all. . .. 0y eyes are 'selessE for they ren*er back only the i"age of the kno.n. 0y .hole bo*y "'st beco"e a constant bea" of lightE "o;ing .ith an e;er greater ra!i*ityE ne;er arreste*E ne;er looking backE ne;er *.in*ling.... Therefore I close my ears, my eyes, my mouth.'''4 5.9. AesE the face has a great f't'reE b't only if it is *estroye*E *is"antle*. 9n the roa* to the asignifying an* as'b2ecti;e. 5't so far .e ha;e e>!laine* nothing of .hat .e sense.

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1NC Shell Three Ecolo%ies

A. When Professor Challen%er $rille$ into the Earth"s cr(st& it $i$ not screa'& b(t instea$ release$ black tar (%ly& b(t not $an%ero(s. Unfort(nately& h('anity has been '(tilatin% the earth for %enerations& b(t instea$ of tar& life on the !lanet has been chan%e$ si%nificantly. The Affir'ati#e 'isses the !oint entirely& 4('!in% ri%ht in to refor' fro' an instit(tional !ers!ecti#e& b(il$in% ne) e/(i!'ent an$ shiftin% control of ener%y to the )ron% han$s )hen )e sho(l$ be seekin% a ne) ethico2 !olitical #anta%e !oint.
+(attariE ecological acti;ist an* !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,C GFSli>E The Three &cologiesE translate* by /an &in*ar an* &a'l S'ttonE &. #)-#3H The Earth is 'n*ergoing a !erio* of intense techno-scientific transfor"ations. /f no re"e*y is fo'n*E the ecological *iseK'ilibri'" this has generate* .ill 'lti"ately threaten the contin'ation of life on the !lanetNs s'rface. 8longsi*e these '!hea;alsE h'"an "o*es of lifeE both in*i;i*'al an* collecti;eE are !rogressi;ely *eteriorating. Kinshi! net.orks ten* to be re*'ce* to a bare "ini"'"L *o"estic life is being !oisone* by the gangrene of "ass-"e*ia cons'"!tionL fa"ily an* "arrie* life are freK'ently Nossifie*N by a sort of stan*ar*i(ation of beha;io'rL an* neighborhoo* relations are generally re*'ce* to their "eanest e>!ressionE. . . /t is the relationshi! bet.een s'b2ecti;ity an* its e>teriority - be it socialE ani"alE ;egetable or Cos"ic that is co"!ro"ise* in this .ayE in a sort of general "o;e"ent of i"!losion an* regressi;e infantali(ation. 9therness Gl+alt,rit,H ten*s to lose all its as!erity. To'ris"E for e>a"!leE 's'ally a"o'nts to no "ore than a 2o'rney on the s!otE .ith the sa"e re*'n*ancies of i"ages an* beha;io'r. &olitical gro'!ings an* e>ec'ti;e a'thorities a!!ear to be totally inca!able of 'n*erstan*ing the f'll i"!lications of these iss'es. ,es!ite ha;ing recently initiate* a !artial reali(ation of the "ost ob;io's *angers that threaten the nat'ral en;iron"ent of o'r societiesE they are generally content to si"!ly tackle in*'strial !oll'tion an* then fro" a !'rely technocratic !ers!ecti;eE .hereas only an ethico2!olitical artic(lation .hich / call ecoso!hy bet.een the three ecological registers <the en;iron"entE social relations an* h'"an s'b2ecti;ity= )o(l$ be likely to clarify these /(estions. The only tr'e res!onse to the ecological crisis is on a global scaleE !ro;i*e* that it brings abo't an a'thentic !oliticalE social an* c'lt'ral re;ol'tionE resha!ing the ob2ecti;es of the !ro*'ction of both "aterial an* i""aterial assets. Therefore this re;ol'tion "'st not be e>cl'si;ely concerne* .ith ;isible relations of force on a gran* scaleE b't .ill also take into acco'nt "olec'lar *o"ains of sensibilityE intelligence an* *esire. A finali*ation of social labo(r& re%(late$ in a (ni#ocal )ay by a !rofit econo'y an$ by !o)er relations& )o(l$ only lea$& at !resent& to $ra'atic $ea$2en$s. This is ob;io's fro" the abs'r* an* b'r*enso"e econo"ic s'!er;isions of the Thir* Worl*E .hich lea* so"e of its regions into an absol'te an* irre;ersible !a'!eri(ation. /t is eK'ally e;i*ent in co'ntries like FranceE .here the !roliferation of n'clear !o.er stations threatensE o;er a large !art of E'ro!eE the !ossible conseK'ences of Chernobyl-style acci*ents. 9ne nee* har*ly "ention the al"ost *elirio's stock!iling of tho'san*s of n'clear .arhea*sE .hichE at the slightest technical or h'"an errorE co'l* a'to"atically lea* to collecti;e e>ter"ination. /n all of these e>a"!les it is the sa"e *o"inant "o*es of ;alori(ing h'"an acti;ities that are i"!licate*. That is to sayI 1. those of the i"!eri'" G atinI Na'thorityNH of a global "arket that *estroys s!ecific ;al'e syste"s an* !'ts on the sa"e !lane of eK'i;alenceI "aterial assetsE c'lt'ral assetsE .il*life areasE etc. #. those that !lace all social an* international relations 'n*er the control of !olice an* "ilitary "achines. Tra!!e* in this *o'ble !incer "o;e"entE the nation States see their tra*itional role of "e*iation being re*'ce* "ore an* "oreE an* they are fre/(en$y !(t in the co'bine$ ser#ice of the a(thorities of the %lobal 'arket!lace an$ of 'ilitary in$(strial co'!le3es.6

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.. =t sho(l$ be no s(r!rise that ca!italis' has been behin$ these ecolo%ical e3!loits& as conte'!t for nat(re has !(she$ society to the brink of e3tinction& )hile rele%atin% the i'!o#erishe$ to the !eri!hera. The )hole of society is bein% s(b4ecti#ely transfor'e$ to 'eet the ne) syste's nee$s as 'ass2'e$ia technolo%ies s(b'it 'essa%es f(rtherin% e3!loitation an$ s(b4(%ation.
Pin$ar an$ S(ttonE translators of The Three EcologiesE #0-- G/an an* &a'lE /ntro*'ction to The Three &cologiesE &. 4-6H 9'r Challenger-like conte"!t for nat're has *ri;en tho'san*s of s!ecies to e>tinction alrea*yE insectsE other in;ertebrates an* "icro-organis"s in the "ainE altho'gh bir*s an* larger "a""als s'ch as the ele!hant an* the tiger are also at riskE an* it is not fancif'l to s'!!ose that e;ent'ally .e "ight *e!ri;e e;en o'rsel;es of an ecological niche.$ The EarthNs en;iron"ent is co"!ose* of a "'lti!licity of s'ch niches E each of .hich is a !otential ho"e for life for"s. <8s 7'attari re"in*s 'sE the ety"ology of NecoN is the 7reek .or* oiftosE "eaning Nho"eN.= We ha;e '!set the *elicate sy"biosis bet.een o'rsel;es an* nat'reE .ith largely 'nforeseeable res'lts. /n the oceansE for instance o;erfishingE increase* !oll'tionE an* rising te"!erat'res as a res'lt of h'"an acti;ity ha;e res'lte* in the s!rea* of 'nkno.n or 'ni*entifie* infectio's NagentsN that ha;e le* to the "ass "ortality of fishE sea "a""alsE tro!ical corals an* sea-.ater !lants. The bio*i;ersity of the oceans is serio'sly threatene* by "ysterio's !athogens - ;ir'sesE bacteriaE fhngi an* other !arasites - that .i!e o't .hole !o!'lations. These !athogens are "aking crosss!ecies lea!s of the sort that the &rofessor Challenger of E A Thousand Plateaus .o'l* be better able to e>!lainE an* ha;e e>!lo*e* the !o!'lar belief that the EarthNs oceans are so ;ast they .o'l* re"ain relati;ely i""'ne fro" "ankin*Ns infl'ence. Whereas Niet(sche co'l* still fin* co"fort in the analogy of the .orl* as a Nsea of forcesN that ne;er e>!en*s itselfE Neternally floo*ing backN <Nthe sea .ill cast it '! againN=E .e can ha;e no s'ch faith in o'r *isease* an* to>ic oceans .ith their oil slicks an* giant algae bloo"s ;isible fro" s!ace. There can be little *o'bt that aro'n* the .orl* increase* !oll'tionE global .ar"ingE *eforestationE *esertification an* the loss of bio*i;ersity are anthro!ogenicE or that the "otor of this generali(e* i"!o;erish"ent of the bios!here is ca!italis". The latter half of the t.entieth cent'ry .as a !erio* of intense globali(ation. With the en* of the Col* War an* the colla!se of the So;iet BnionE the *o"inant "o*e of econo"ic interaction an* transaction .as the ca!italist syste"E .ith its e"!hasis on the free "arket. This i*eology of 'nrestricte* co"!etition has res'lte* in the .i*es!rea* !l'n*er of nat'ral reso'rcesE !artic'larly fossil f'els s'ch as oil or coalE b't it isnNt 2'st the nat'ral en;iron"ent that is threatene*. &oorer co'ntries are force* to sell their labo'r e>tre"ely chea!ly in or*er to enter the global "arket!laceE an* ha;e e>!loite* their nat'ral reso'rces .itho't a tho'ght for s'stainability. 0ean.hile in the !oll'tion-choke* cities of the *e;elo!e* .orl* the "ost ;'lnerable in society are li;ing increasingly insec're an* alienate* li;es. 7lobali(ation has gi;en rise to Ne>!loitati;e !ractices that !er!et'ate a K'iet ;iolence on lo.-inco"e labo'r an* other ;'lnerable gro'!s s'ch as the !oorE .o"en an* chil*renNs. Ne. technological an* scientific a*;ances that co'l* be 'se* to liberate h'"an !otential re"ain instea* in the ser;ice of a ca!italist *ri;e for !rofitability. 8 thir* of the .orl*Ns !o!'lation contin'es to s'ffer fro" "assi;e !o;erty an* "aln'tritionE .hile at the sa"e ti"e there has been an increase in global .ealth 'n!rece*ente* in the history of h'"ankin*. The increasing globali(ation of all areas of o'r li;es is not being *irecte* by one !artic'lar ca!italist organi(ationE !arty or co'ntry not e;en the BS8E *es!ite the fact that the "o*el .hich "ost of the .orl* is confronte* .ith is the 8"erican Way of ife. &ost-in*'strial ca!italis" .hich 7'attari calls /ntegrate* Worl* Ca!italis" </WC= is *elocali(e* an* *eterritoriali(e* to s'ch an e>tent that it is i"!ossible to locate the so'rce of its !o.er.6 /WCNs "ost !otent .ea!on for achie;ing social control .itho't ;iolence is the "ass "e*ia. For instanceE e;eryone no.a*ays has a tele;ision set. 0any !eo!le in the Thir* Worl* .ill ha;e tele;isions long before they ha;e !ro!er irrigation. With the .orl*.i*e *o"ination of ca!italis" ca"e a !arallel e>!ansion in co""'nications technology. /nstant global co""'nication beca"e a reality lea*ing to the creation of a Nglobal ;illageNI the .orl* as a single co""'nity linke* by teleco""'nications. The "ass "e*ia is in;ol;e* in the creation of *e"an*E so there .ill al.ays be a "arket for ca!ital in;est"ent. 8 ne. ty!e of in*i;i*'al is being sha!e* an* "ol*e* by the 'nseen !ress're of "arket forces.

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C. We& as in$i#i$(als an$ also collecti#ely& ha#e been s(b4ectifie$ by these 'e$ia 'achines. E#erythin% fro' =nfo'ercials to Po! '(sic ha#e a strate%ic !olitical !(r!ose& to create an e3istential territory& or for' of li#in%. 8('anity has been ho'o%eni*e$ into a 'ass for Ca!ital"s (se an$ ab(se.
Pin$ar an$ S(ttonE translators of The Three EcologiesE #0-- G/an an* &a'lE /ntro*'ction to The Three &cologiesE &. 6-3H /n The Three &cologies -uattari arg'es that .e are being N"entally "ani!'late* thro'gh the !ro*'ction of a collecti;eE "ass-"e*ia s'b2ecti;ityN. That there "ight be a nee* for a "ental ecology is one of the "ost !rofo'n* i*eas in this short book. 7'attariNs contention is that /WC is not only *estroying the nat'ral en;iron"ent an* ero*ing social relationsE b't is also engage* in a far "ore insi*io's an* in;isible N!enetration of !eo!leNs attit'*esE sensibility an* "in*sN <7'attari an* NegriE 1330I 4$=. O'"an s'b2ecti;ityE in all its 'niK'eness - .hat 7'attari calls its Nsing'larityN - is as en*angere* as those rare s!ecies that are *isa!!earing fro" the !lanet e;ery *ay. /t is '! to 's to resist this "ass-"e*ia ho"ogeni(ationE .hich is both *esing'lari(ing an* infantali(ingE an* instea* in;ent ne. .ays to achie;e the resing'lari(ation of e>istence. /t is not eno'gh to take to the streets an* .a;e !lacar*sE an entire "ental ecology is necessary in or*er not to gi;e /WC o'r 'nconscio's assent. 5't to ill'strate ho. /WC infiltrates an* sat'rates the 'nconscio'sE let 's ret'rn briefly to its effect on the en;iron"ent. /t "ight ha;e been better for 's if the Earth ha* screa"e*E as it *i* for &rofessor Challenger. /nstea* it has gone eerily silent. TakeE for e>a"!leE the !o!'lation of songbir*s in the 5ritish co'ntrysi*e. /n 13)# there .ere an esti"ate*E).)# "illion skylarks in 5ritain. 5y 1336 there .ere only abo't $.03 "illion. /n a short s!ace of ti"e al"ost 60 !er cent ha* *isa!!eare*. /t is ;ery rare to hear a skylark to*ayE as it is to hear other once co""on songbir*s s'ch as the song thr'sh or the blackbir*. Their ecological niches or ho"es - he*gero.sE heathsE !on*sE "ea*o.sE "oors an* "arshes - ha;e been ero*e* by the intensi;e 'se of agri-che"icals an* !estici*es .hich ha;e *eci"ate* their foo* s'!!ly. 5ir*s sing to "ark o't their territory <,ele'(e an* 7'attariE 13++I $1#=E so it is only to be e>!ecte* that the singing has sto!!e*. /t is a so'n* that Tho"as Oar*yE in another cent'ryE co'l* take for grante*I Nthe ;oice of a .eak bir* singing a trite ol* e;ening song that "ight *o'btless ha;e been hear* on the hill at the sa"e ho'rE an* .ith the selfsa"e trillsE K'a;ersE an* bre;es . . . for cent'ries 'ntol*N <Oar*yE 13+)I)1=. 7'attari calls this con2'nction of a recognisable "elo*ic for"'la an* a territory a NrefrainNE an* Nthe si"!lest e>a"!les of refrains *eli"iting e>istential Territories can be fo'n* in the ethology of n'"ero's bir* s!eciesN <1334aI 14=. There are "any refrains in o'r o.n li;es as .ellE a fa;o'rite songE the a*;ertising 2ingle that .e canNt get o't of o'r hea*sE e;en singing to the ra*ioE for ra*io an* tele;ision sets create Nso'n* .allsN aro'n* 's <,ele'(e an* 7'attariE 13++I $11=. /n The Three Ecologies 7'attari arg'es that N/n*i;i*'als are Jca!t're*J by their en;iron"entE by i*easE tastesE "o*elsE .ays of beingE the i"ages that are constantly in2ecte* into the"E an* e;en by the refrains that go ro'n* an* ro'n* in their hea*s.N /n factE s'rro'n*e* by all these *ifferent refrains .hich !ass thro'gh 'sE it is *iffic'lt to kno. .hereE or ratherE .ho N.eN areE es!ecially .hen the "ost *o"inant refrains are !ro;i*e* by /WCNs i*eological ar"E the "ass "e*ia. The "achinic ensla;e"ent of tele;ision is a goo* e>a"!le. ,o .e really 'se tele;ision or *oes it 'se 'sU 8re .e not in *anger of beco"ing intrinsic co"!onent !ieces in a "'ch larger "achineU <,ele'(e an* 7'attariE 13++I 44+=. 8s 7'attari re"arks in Chaos"osisI When / .atch tele;isionE / e>ist at the intersectionI <1= of a !erce!t'al fascination !ro;oke* by the screenNs l'"ino's ani"ation .hich bor*ers on the hy!noticL <#= of a ca!ti;e relation .ith the narrati;e content of the !rogra""eE associate* .ith a lateral a.areness of s'rro'n*ing e;ents <.ater boiling on the sto;eE a chil*Ns cryE the tele!honeW=L <$= of a .orl* of !hantas"s occ'!ying "y *ay*rea"s. 0y feeling of !ersonal i*entity is th's !'lle* in *ifferent *irections. Oo. can / "aintain a relati;e sense of 'nicityE *es!ite the *i;ersity of co"!onents of s'b2ectification that !ass thro'gh "eU /tNs a K'estion of the refrain that fi>es "e in front of the screen. <1334aI 16-1)= /WC seeks to gain !o.er o;er 's by Ncontrolling an* ne'trali(ing the "a>i"'" n'"ber of e>istential refrainsNE thereby *eter"ining the li"its .ithin .hich .e thinkE feel an* li;eL a !rocess of Ne>istential contractionN. We *onNt get o't "'chL .e ten* to think .hat e;eryone else thinksE feel the sa"e as e;eryone elseL a strange !assi;ity ha'nts o'r li;es. 8s "arket *ri;en technologies !ro;i*e ne.E e;er "ore effecti;e "eans of "o*ifying o'r s'b2ecti;ity at *ee!er an* *ee!er le;elsE .e are beco"ing "ore ho"ogeni(e*. The .orl* is shrinkingE an* so are .e. N8 ;ast "a2ority of in*i;i*'als are !lace* in a sit'ation in .hich their !ersonality is *.in*lingE their intentions are ra!i*ly losing all consistencyE the K'ality of their relations .ith others is *'lle*N <7'attariE 13+3cI 13=. For 7'attariE NconsistencyN is in*issociable fro" heterogeneityE an* "'ch &age 1+ of 10+ All free minds to the front

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of The Three Ecologies is concerne* .ith attaining consistency againE beco"ing heterogeneo'sE resing'lari(ing o'rsel;esE affir"ing o'r legiti"ate *ifference both fro" each other an* fro" a notional NSelfN.

. This s(b4ectification transfor's (s into re!laceable co%s in the 'achine (se$ to !re#ent its $estr(ction. E#en Ne) eals an$ !ro'ises for Social Sec(rity are tools in the a3io'atic that 'ake e3!loitation harsher. The 8oloca(st )as not 4(st another e#ent& b(t a !ro$(ct of the Ca!italist te'!late.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $)$H There is not one of these as!ects---not the least o!erationE the least in*'strial or financial "echanis"--that *oes not re;eal the insanity of the ca!italist "achine an* the !athological character of its rationalityI not at all a false rationalityE b't a tr'e rationality of this !athological stateE this insanityE Jthe "achine .orks tooE belie;e "eJ. The ca!italist "achine *oes not r'n the risk of beco"ing "a*E it is "a* fro" one en* to the other an* fro" the beginningE an* this is the so'rce of its rationalityE 0ar>Ns black h'"orE the so'rce of Ca!italE is his fascination .ith s'ch a "achineI ho. it ca"e to be asse"ble*E on .hat fo'n*ation of *eco*ing an* *eterritoriali(ationL ho. it .orksE al.ays "ore *eco*e*E al.ays "ore *eterritoriali(e*L ho. its o!eration gro.s "ore relentless .ith the *e;elo!"ent of the a>io"aticE the co"bination of the flo.sL ho. it !ro*'ces the terrible single class of gray gentle"en .ho kee! '! the "achineL ho. it *oes not r'n the risk of *ying all aloneE b't rather of "aking 's *ieE by !ro;oking to the ;ery en* in;este"ents of *esire that *o not e;en go by .ay of a *ece!ti;e an* s'b2ecti;e i*eologyE an* that lea* 's to cry o't to the ;ery en*E ong li;e ca!ital in all its realityE in all its ob2ecti;e *issi"'lationQ E>ce!t in i*eologyE there has ne;er been a h'"aneE liberalE !aternalE etc.E ca!italis". Ca!italis" is *efine* by a cr'elty ha;ing no !arallel in the *es!otic regi"e of terror. Wage increases an* i"!ro;e"ents in the stan*ar* of li;ing are realitiesE b't realities that *eri;e fro" a gi;en s'!!le"entary a>io" that ca!italis" is al.ays ca!able of a**ing to its a>io"atic in ter"s of an enlarge"ent of its li"itsI letNs create the Ne. ,ealL letNs c'lti;ate an* recogni(e strong 'nionsL letNs !ro"ote !artici!ationE the single classL letNs take a ste! to.ar* :'ssiaE .hich is taking so "any to.ar* 'sL etc. 5't .ithin the enlarge* reality that con*itions these islan*sE e>!loitation gro.s constantly harsherE lack is arrange* in the "ost scientific of .aysE final sol'tions of the JRe.ish !roble"J ;ariety are !re!are* *o.n to the last *etailE an* the Thir* Worl* is organi(e* as an integral !art of ca!italis". The re!ro*'ction of the interior li"its of ca!italis" on an al.ays .i*er scale has se;eral conseK'encesI it !er"its increases an* i"!ro;e"ents of stan*ar*s at the centerE it *is!laces the harshest for"s of e>!loitation fro" the center to the !eri!heryE b't also "'lti!lies encla;es of o;er!o!'lation in the center itselfE an* easily tolerates the so-calle* socialist for"ations. </t is not kibb't(-style socialis" that tro'bles the 1ionist stateE 2'st as it is not :'ssian socialis" that tro'bles .orl* ca!italis".= There is no "eta!hor hereI the factories are !risonsE they *o not rese"ble !risonsE they are !risons.

E. What )e '(sn"t for%et is there are not only one& b(t Three Ecolo%ies. =n or$er to brin% abo(t tr(e chan%e& )e '(st a$a!t a ne) eco2!hiloso!hy& an ecoso!hy& by 'o#in% a)ay fro' the 1ACs !olitics to)ar$ a ne) 'etho$olo%y. =t is try or $ie here& an$ the latter is '(ch less !leasant than the for'er. @ote Ne%ati#e to en%a%e in a shift in the 'ental& social en#iron'ent an$ en#iron'ental ecolo%ies.
+(attariE ecological acti;ist an* !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,C GFSli>E The Three &cologiesE translate* by /an &in*ar an* &a'l S'ttonE & 6)-6+H To bring into being other .orl*s beyon* those of !'rely abstract infor"ationE to engen*er Bni;erses of reference an* e>istential Territories .here sing'larity an* finit'*e are taken into consi*eration by the "'lti;alent logic of "ental ecologies an* by the gro'! Eros !rinci!le of social ecologyL to *are to confront the ;ertigino's Cos"os so as to "ake it inhabitableL these are the tangle* !aths of the tri-ecological ;ision. 8 ne. ecoso!hyE at once a!!lie* an* theoreticalE ethico!olitical an* aestheticE .o'l* ha;e to "o;e a.ay fro" the ol* for"s of !oliticalE religio's an* associati;e co""it"ent. :ather than being a *isci!line of refol*ing on interiorityE or a si"!le rene.al of earlier for"s of N"ilitancyNE it .ill be a "'ltifacete* "o;e"entE *e!loying agencies GinstancesH an* *is!ositi;es that .ill si"'ltaneo'sly analyse an* !ro*'ce s'b2ecti;ity. 8 collecti;e an* in*i;i*'al s'b2ecti;ity that co"!letely e>cee*s the li"its of in*i;i*'ali(ationE stagnationE i*entificatory clos'reE &age 13 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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an* .ill instea* o!en itself '! on all si*es to the soci'sE b't also to the "achinic &hyl'"E to techno-scientific Bni;erses of referenceE to aesthetic .orl*sE as .ell as to a ne. N!re-!ersonalN 'n*erstan*ing of ti"eE of the bo*yE of se>'ality. 8 s'b2ecti;ity of resing'lari(ation that can "eet hea*-on the enco'nter .ith the finit'*e of *esireE !ain an* *eath. Oo.e;erE r'"o'r .o'l* ha;e it that none of this is self-e;i*entQ 8ll sorts of ne'role!tic cloaks GchapesH enshro'* this s'b2ecti;ityE concealing it fro" any intr'si;e sing'larity. ,o .e ha;e to in;oke Oistory yet againU There is at least a risk that there )ill be no 'ore h('an history (nless h('anity (n$ertakes a ra$ical reconsi$eration of itself. We "'st .ar* offE by e;ery "eans !ossibleE the entro!ic rise of a *o"inant s'b2ecti;ity. :ather than re"aining s'b2ectE in !er!et'ityE to the se*'cti;e efficiency of econo"ic co"!etitionE .e "'st rea!!ro!riate Bni;erses of ;al'eE so that !rocesses of sing'lari(ation can re*isco;er their consistency. We nee* ne. social an* aesthetic !racticesE ne. !ractices of the Self in relation to the otherE to the foreignE the strange a .hole !rogra""e that see"s far re"o;e* fro" c'rrent concerns. 8n* yetE 'lti"atelyE .e .ill only esca!e fro" the "a2or crises of o'r era thro'gh the artic'lation ofI -a nascent s'b2ecti;ity -a constantly "'tating soci's -an en;iron"ent in the !rocess of being rein;ente*.

?. We cannot 4(st rely (!on other"s to en%a%e in these shifts for (s& that"s )hy )e ha#e this !roble' in the first !lace. =t is i'!erati#e to break fro' o(r nihilistic b(bbles an$ /(estion the ori%ins of the 1AC har's. As the !rota%onists of chan%e& )e '(st %ras! the chance to artic(late a )ay o(t.
+(attariE ecological acti;ist an* !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,C GFSli>E The Three &cologiesE translate* by /an &in*ar an* &a'l S'ttonE & 41-4$H The increasing *eterioration of h'"an relations .ith the soci'sE the !syche an* Nnat'reNE is *'e not only to en;iron"ental an* ob2ecti;e !oll'tion b't is also the res'lt of a certain inco"!rehension an* fatalistic !assi;ity to.ar*s these iss'es as a .holeE a"ong both in*i;i*'als an* go;ern"ents. Catastro!hic or notE negati;e *e;elo!"ents Ge;ol'tionsH are si"!ly acce!te* .itho't K'estion. Str'ct'ralis" an* s'bseK'ently !ost"o*ernis"E has acc'sto"e* 's to a ;ision of the .orl* *raine* of the significance of h'"an inter;entionsE e"bo*ie* as they are in concrete !olitics an* "icro!olitics.$4 The e>!lanations offere* for this *ecline of social !ra>es the *eath of i*eologies an* the ret'rn to 'ni;ersal ;al'es see" to "e 'nsatisfactory. :atherE it a!!ears to be a res'lt of the fail're of social an* !sychological !ra>es to a*a!tE as .ell as a certain blin*ness to the erroneo'sness of *i;i*ing the :eal into a n'"ber of *iscrete *o"ains. =t is /(ite )ron% to 'ake a $istinction bet)een action on the !syche& the soci(s an$ the en#iron'ent. :ef'sal to face '! to the erosion of these three areasE as the "e*ia .o'l* ha;e 's *oE ;erges on a strategic infantili(ation of o!inion an* a *estr'cti;e ne'trali(ation of *e"ocracy. We nee* to Nkick the habitN of se*ati;e *isco'rseE !artic'larly the Nfi>N of tele;isionE in or*er to be able to a!!rehen* the .orl* thro'gh the interchangeable lenses or !oints of ;ie. of the three ecologies. Chernobyl an* 8/,S ha;e *ra"atically re;eale* to 's the li"its of h'"anityNs techno-scientific !o.er an* the NbacklashN that Nnat'reN has in store for 's. /f the sciences an* technology are to be *irecte* to.ar*s "ore h'"an en*sE .e e;i*ently reK'ire collecti;e for"s of a*"inistration an* controlE rather than a blin* faith in the technocrats of the State a!!arat'sesL .e cannnot e>!ect the" to control !rogress an* to a;ert risks in these *o"ainsE .hich are go;erne* !ri"arily by the !rinci!les of a !rofit econo"y. 9f co'rseE it .o'l* be abs'r* to .ant to ret'rn to the !ast in or*er to reconstr'ct for"er .ays of li;ing. 8fter the *ata-!rocessing an* robotics re;ol'tionsE the ra!i* *e;elo!"ent of genetic engineering an* the globali(ation of "arketsE neither h'"an labo'r nor the nat'ral habitat .ill e;er be .hat they once .ereE e;en 2'st a fe. *eca*es ago. 8s &a'l 6irilio has s'ggeste*E the increase* s!ee* of trans!ortation an* co""'nications an* the inter*e!en*ence of 'rban centres are eK'ally irre;ersible.$4 While on the one han* .e "'st "ake *o .ith this sit'ationE on the other .e "'st ackno.le*ge that it reK'ires a reconstr'ction of the ob2ecti;es an* the "etho*s of the .hole of the social "o;e"ent 'n*er to*ayNs con*itions. To sy"boli(e this !roble"atic / nee* only refer to an e>!eri"ent once con*'cte* on tele;ision by 8lain 5o"bar*.$6 Oe !ro*'ce* t.o glass tanksE one fille* .ith !oll'te* .ater - of the sort that one "ight *ra. fro" the !ort of 0arseille - containing a healthyE thri;ingE al"ost *ancing octo!'s.$) The other tank containe* !'reE 'n!oll'te* sea.ater. 5o"bar* ca'ght the octo!'s an* i""erse* it in the Nnor"alN .aterL after a fe. secon*s the ani"al c'rle* '!E sank to the botto" an* *ie*.

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No. "ore than e;erE nat(re cannot be se!arate$ fro' c(lt(reL in or*er to co"!rehen* the interactions bet.een ecosyste"sE the "echanos!here an* the social an* in*i;i*'al Bni;erses of referenceE .e "'st learn to think Ntrans;ersallyN. R'st as "onstro's an* "'tant algae in;a*e the lagoon of 6eniceE so o'r tele;ision screens are !o!'late*E sat'rate*E by N*egenerateN i"ages an* state"ents GenoncesH.$+ /n the fiel* of social ecologyE "en like ,onal* Tr'"! are !er"itte* to !roliferate freelyE like another s!ecies of algaeE taking o;er entire *istricts of Ne. Aork an* 8tlantic CityL he Nre*e;elo!sN by raising rentsE thereby *ri;ing o't tens of tho'san*s of !oor fa"iliesE "ost of .ho" are con*e"ne* to ho"elessnessE beco"ing the eK'i;alent of the *ea* fish of en;iron"ental ecology.$3 F'rther !roliferation is e;i*ent in the sa;age *eterritoriali(ation of the Thir* Worl*E .hich si"'ltaneo'sly affects the c'lt'ral te>t're of its !o!'lationsE its habitatE its i""'ne syste"sE cli"ateE etc. Chil* labo'r is another *isaster of social ecologyL it has act'ally beco"e "ore !re;alent no. than it .as in the nineteenth cent'ryQ Oo. *o .e regain control of s'ch an a'to-*estr'cti;e an* !otentially catastro!hic sit'ationU /nternational organi(ations ha;e only the "ost ten'o's control of these !heno"ena .hich call for a f'n*a"ental change in attit'*es. /nternational soli*arityE once the !ri"ary concern of tra*e 'nions an* leftist !artiesE is no. the sole res!onsibility of h'"anitarian organi(ations. 8ltho'gh 0ar>Ns o.n .ritings still ha;e great ;al'eE 0ar>ist *isco'rse has lost its ;al'e. /t is '! to the !rotagonists of social liberation to re"o*el the theoretical references so as to ill'"inate a !ossible esca!e ro'te o't of conte"!orary historyE .hich is "ore night"arish than e;er. /t is not only s!ecies that are beco"ing e>tinct b't also the .or*sE !hrasesE an* gest'res of h'"an soli*arity. 8 stifling cloak of silence has been thro.n o;er the e"anci!atory str'ggles of .o"enE an* of the ne. !roletariatI the 'ne"!loye*E the N"arginali(e*NE i""igrants.

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Link Ca!italis'
Ca!italis' fee$s on the syste's 'isfirin%& %ro)in% stron%er by incor!oratin% resistance into its a3io'atic.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 140-141H The i*ea that !ri"iti;e societies ha;e no historyE that they are *o"inate* by archety!es an* their re!etitionE is es!ecially .eak an* ina*eK'ate. This i*ea .as not concei;e* by ethnologistsE b't by i*eologists in the ser;ice of a tragic R'*aeo-Christian conscio'sness that they .ishe* to cre*it .ith the Jin;entionJ of history. /f .hat is calle* history is a *yna"ic an* o!en social realityE in a state of f'nctional *iseK'ilibri'" E or an oscillating eK'ilibri'"E 'nstable an* al.ays co"!ensate*E co"!rising not only instit'tionli(e* conflicts b't conflicts that generate changesE re;oltsE r'!t'resE an* scissionsE then !ri"iti;e societies are f'lly insi*e historyE an* far *istant fro" the stabilityE or e;en fro" the har"onyE attrib'te* to the" in the na"e of a !ri"acy of a 'nani"o's gro'!. The !resence of history in e;ery social "achine !lainly a!!ears in the *ishar"onies thatE as e;i-Stra'ss saysE Jbear the 'n"istakable sta"! of ti"e ela!se*.JX /t is tr'e that there are se;eral .ays to inter!ret s'ch *ishar"oniesI i*eallyE by the ga! bet.een the real instit'tion an* the ass'"e* i*eal "o*elL "orallyE by in;oking a str'ct'ral bon* bet.een la. an* transgressionL !hysicallyE as tho'gh it .ere a K'estion of attrition that .o'l* ca'se the social "achine to lose its ca!acity to .iel* its "aterials. 5't here too it see"s that the correct inter!retation .o'l* beE abo;e allE act'al an* f'nctionalI it is in or*er to f'nction that a social "achine "'st not f'nction .ell. This has been sho.n !recisely .ith regar* to the seg"entary syste"E .hich is al.ays *estine* to reconstit'te itself on its o.n r'insL an* like.ise for the organi(ation of the !olitical f'nction in these syste"sE .hich in effect is e>ercise* only by in*icating its o.n i"!otence.J Ethnologists are constantly saying that kinshi! r'les are neither a!!lie* nor a!!licable to real "arriagesI not beca'se these r'les are i*eal b't rather beca'se they *eter"ine critical !oints .here the a!!arat's starts '! again-!ro;i*e* it is blocke*E an* .here it necessarily !laces itself in a negati;e relation to the gro'!. Oere it beco"es a!!arent that the social "achine is i*entical .ith the *esiring-"achine. The social "achineNs li"it is not attritionE b't rather its "isfiringsL it can o!erate only by fits an* startsE by grin*ing an* breaking *o.nE in s!as"s of "inor e>!losions. The *ysf'nctions are an essential ele"ent of its ;ery ability to f'nctionE .hich is not the least i"!ortant as!ect of the syste" of cr'elty. The *eath of a social "achine has ne;er been heral*e* by a *ishar"ony or a *ysf'nctionL on the contraryE social "achines "ake a habit of fee*ing on the contra*ictions they gi;e rise toE on the crises they !ro;okeE on the an>ieties they engender, an* on the infernal o!erations they regenerate. Ca!italis" has learne* thisE an* has cease* *o'bting itselfE .hile e;en socialists ha;e aban*one* belief in the !ossibility of ca!italis"Ns nat'ral *eath by attrition. No one has e;er *ie* fro" contra*ictions. 8n* the "ore it breaks *o.nE the "ore it schi(o!hreni(esE the better it .orksE the 8"erican .ay.

We ha#e a res!onsibility to criti/(e <e$i!(s. =t has barrica$e$ itself )ithin the Ca!italist syste'& an$ only a harsh look can sol#e.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 1)4-1)4H 8 secon* !ost'late co""on to the c'lt'ralists an* the sy"bolists sho'l* be a**e*. They all agree thatE in o'r !atriarchal an* ca!italist society at leastE 9e*i!'s is a s're thing <e;en if they 'n*erlineE as *oes Fro""E the ele"ents of a ne. "atriarchy=. They all agree that o'r society is the stronghol* of 9e*i!'sI the starting !oint for reenco'ntering an 9e*i!al str'ct're e;ery.hereL or on the contraryE they hol* that the ter"s an* the relations sho'l* be "a*e to ;ary .ithin non-oe*i!al co"!le>es that are no less Jfa"ilialJ on that acco'nt. That is .hy o'r !rece*ing criticis" .as *irecte* at 9e*i!'s as it is "eant to co""an* o'r res!ect an* to f'nction for 'sI it is not at the .eakest !oint-the !ri"iti;es-that 9e*i!'s "'st be attacke*E b't at the strongest !ointE at the le;el of the strongest linkE by re;ealing the *egree of *isfig'ration it i"!lies an* brings to bear on *esiring!ro*'ctionE on the syntheses of the 'nconscio'sE an* on libi*inal in;est"ents in our cultural and social milieu. Not that 9e*i!'s co'nts for nothing in o'r societyI .e ha;e sai* re!eate*ly that 9e*i!'s is *e"an*e*E an* *e"an*e* again an* againL an* e;en an atte"!t as !rofo'n* as acanNs at shaking loose fro" the yoke of 9e*i!'s has been inter!rete* as an 'nho!e*-for "eans of "aking it hea;ier still an* of resec'ring it on the baby &age ## of 10+ All free minds to the front

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an* the schi(o. To be s'reE it is not only legiti"ate b't in*is!ensable that the ethnological or historical e>!lanation not be in contra*iction .ith o'r social organi(ationE or that this organi(ation contain in its o.n .ay the basic ele"ents of the ethnological hy!othesis. This is .hat 0ar> .as saying as he recalle* the reK'ire"ents of a 'ni;ersal history-b'tE as he .ent on to sayE !ro;i*e* that the c'rrent organi(ation be ca!able of con*'cting its o.n criticis". 8n* yet 9e*i!'sNs a'tocritiK'e is so"ething rarely seen in o'r organi(ationE of .hich !sychoanalysis for"s a !art. /n certain res!ects it is correct to K'estion all social for"ations starting fro" 9e*i!'s. 5't not beca'se 9e*i!'s "ight be a tr'th of the 'nconscio's that is es!ecially ;isible .here .e are concerne*L on the contraryE beca'se it is a "ystification of the 'nconscio's that has only s'ccee*e* .ith 's by asse"bling the !arts an* .heels of its a!!arat's fro" ele"ents of the !re;io's social for"ations. /t is 'ni;ersal in that sense. Th's it is in*ee* .ithin ca!italist society that the critiK'e of 9e*i!'s "'st al.ays res'"e its !oint of *e!art're an* fin* again its !oint of arri;al.

<e$i!(s an$ Ca!italis' are the relati#e li'its of society. Tho(%h they !ro$(ce chan%e& it is the )ron% sort. The absol(te li'it '(st be stri#e$ for& an$ this can only be $one by schi*o!hreni*in% the flo)s.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 1)4-1)6H 9e*i!'s is a li"it. 5't Jli"itJ has "any *ifferent "eaningsE since it can be at the beginning as an ina'g'ral e;entE in the role of a "atri>L or in the "i**le as a str'ct'ral f'nction ens'ring the "e*iation of !ersonages an* the gro'n* of their relationsL or at the en* as an eschatological *eter"ination. No. .e ha;e seen that it is only in this last sense that 9e*i!'s is a li"it. This is also the case for *esiring-!ro*'ction. 5't in fact this last sense itself can be 'n*erstoo* in "any *ifferent .ays. /n the first !laceE *esiring-!ro*'ction is sit'ate* at the li"its of social !ro*'ctionL the *eco*e* flo.sE at the li"its of the co*es an* the territorialitiesL the bo*y .itho't organsE at the li"its of the soci's. We shall s!eak of an absol'te li"it e;ery ti"e the schi(o-flo.s !ass thro'gh the .allE scra"ble all the co*esE an* *eterritoriali(e the soci'sI the bo*y .itho't organs is the *eterritoriali(e* soci'sE the .il*erness .here the *eco*e* flo.s r'n freeE the en* of the .orl*E the a!ocaly!se. Secon*lyE ho.e;erE the relati;e li"it is no "ore nor less than the ca!italist social for"ationE beca'se the latter engineers (machine) an* "obili(es flo.s that are effecti;ely *eco*e*E b't *oes so by s'bstit'ting for the co*es a K'antifying a>io"atic (une axiomati.ue comptable) that is e;en "ore o!!ressi;e. With the res'lt that ca!italis"-in confor"ity .ith the "o;e"ent by .hich it co'nteracts its o.n ten*ency-is contin'ally *ra.ing near the .allE .hile at the sa"e ti"e !'shing the .all f'rther .ay. Schi(o!hrenia is the absol'te li"itE b't ca!italis" is the relati;e li"it. Thir*lyE there is no social for"ation that *oes not foreseeE or e>!erience a forebo*ing ofE the real for" in .hich the li"it threatens to arri;eE an* .hich it .ar*s off .ith all the strength it can co""an*. Whence the obstinacy .ith .hich the for"ations !rece*ing ca!italis" encaste the "erchant an* the technicianE !re;enting flo.s of "oney an* flo.s of !ro*'ction fro" ass'"ing an a'tono"y that .o'l* *estroy their co*es. S'ch is the real limit

Ca!italis' isn"t too far off in this e/(ation. Sesa'e Street !rono(nces& 0Chan%e1 the )or$ of the $ay& b(t )ith a #ery li'ite$ $efinition. Scientists 'ay only inno#ate so far as the soci(s is ca!able of re2a!!ro!riatin% the ne)est fa$ into its calc(lati#e $o'ain. The a$#anta%es the royal science offers is $elaye$ (ntil o!ti'(' #al(e can be e3tracte$& a re4(#enatin% ser(' for the social or$er.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #$$-#$4H 5't se;eral correcti;es "'st be intro*'ce* in this regar*. These breaks an* clea;ages take ti"eE an* their e>tension is ;ery .i*e-ranging. 5y no "eans *oes the *iachronic ca!italist "achine allo. itself to be re;ol'tioni(e* by one or "ore of its synchrono's technical "achinesE an* by no "eans *oes it confer on its scientists an* its technicians an in*e!en*ence that .as 'nkno.n in the !re;io's regi"es. ,o'btless it can let a certain n'"ber of scientists-"athe"aticiansE for e>a"!le Jschi(o!hreni(eJ in their cornerE an* it can allo. the !assage of socially *eco*e* flo.s of co*e that these scientists organi(e into a>io"atics of research that is sai* to be basic. 5't the true axiomatic is else.here. < ea;e the scientists alone to a certain !ointE let the" &age #$ of 10+ All free minds to the front

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create their o.n a>io"aticE b't .hen the ti"e co"es for serio's things ... For e>a"!leE non*eter"inist !hysicsE .ith its cor!'sc'lar flo.sE .ill ha;e to be bro'ght into line .ith J*eter"inis".J= The tr'e a>io"atic is that of the social "achine itselfE .hich takes the !lace of the ol* co*ings an* organi(es all the *eco*e* flo.sE incl'*ing the flo.s of scientific an* technical co*eE for the benefit of the ca!italist syste" an* in the ser;ice of its en*s. That is .hy it has often been re"arke* that the /n*'strial :e;ol'tion co"bine* an ele;ate* rate of technical !rogress .ith the "aintenance of a great K'antity of JobsolescentJ eK'i!"entE along .ith a great s's!icion concerning "achines an* science. 8n inno;ation is a*o!te* only fro" the !ers!ecti;e of the rate of !rofit its in;est"ent .ill offer by the lo.ering of !ro*'ction costsL .itho't this !ros!ectE the ca!italist .ill kee! the e>isting eK'i!"entE an* stan* rea*y to "ake a !arallel in;est"ent in eK'i!"ent in another area. )) Th's the i"!ortance of h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e re"ains *ecisi;eE e;en at the center an* in highly in*'striali(e* sectors. What *eter"ines the lo.ering of costs an* the ele;ation of the rate of !rofit thro'gh "achinic s'r!l's ;al'e is not inno;ation itselfE .hose ;al'e is no "ore "eas'rable than that of h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e. /t is not e;en the !rofitability of the ne. techniK'e consi*ere* in isolationE b't its effect on the o;er-all !rofitability of the fir" in its relationshi!s .ith the "arket an* .ith co""ercial an* financial ca!ital. This i"!lies *iachronic enco'nters an* co'ntersectings s'ch as one alrea*y sees for e>a"!le in the early !art of the nineteenth cent'ryE bet.een the stea" engine an* te>tile "achines or techniK'es for the !ro*'ction of iron. /n generalE the intro*'ction of inno;ations al.ays ten*s to be *elaye* beyon* the ti"e scientifically necessaryE 'ntil the "o"ent .hen the "arket forecasts 2'stify their e>!loitation on a large scale. Oere againE alliance ca!ital e>erts a strong selecti;e !ress're on "achinic inno;ations .ithin in*'strial ca!ital. /n briefE there .here the flo.s are *eco*e*E the s!ecific flo.s of co*e that ha;e taken a technical an* scientific for" are s'b2ecte* to a !ro!erly social a>io"atic that is "'ch se;erer than all the scientific a>io"aticsE "'ch se;erer too than all the ol* co*es an* o;erco*es that ha;e *isa!!eare*I the a>io"atic of the .orl* ca!italist "arket. /n briefE the flo.s of co*e that are Jliberate*J in science an* technics by the ca!italist regi"e engen*er a "achinic s'r!l's ;al'e that *oes not *irectly *e!en* on science an* technics the"sel;esE b't on ca!ital-a s'r!l's ;al'e that is a**e* to h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e an* that co"es to correct the relati;e *i"in'tion of the latterE both of them constituting the whole of the surplus value of flux that characterizes the system. Kno.le*geE infor"ationE an* s!eciali(e* e*'cation are 2'st as "'ch !arts of ca!ital <Jkno.le*ge ca!italJ= as is the "ost ele"entary labor of the .orker. 8n* 2'st as .e fo'n*E on the si*e of h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e insofar as it res'lte* fro" *eco*e* flo.sE an inco""ens'rability or a f'n*a"ental asy""etry <no assignable e>terior li"it= bet.een "an'al labor an* ca!italE or bet.een t.o for"s of "oneyE here tooE on the si*e of the "achinic s'r!l's ;al'e res'lting fro" scientific an* technical flo.s of co*eE .e fin* no co""ens'rability or e>terior li"it bet.een scientific or technical labor-e;en .hen highly re"'nerate*-an* the !rofit of ca!ital that inscribes itself .ith another sort of .riting. /n this res!ect the kno.le*ge flo. an* the labor flo. fin* the"sel;es in the sa"e sit'ationE *eter"ine* by ca!italist *eco*ing or *eterritoriali(ation.

So#erei%n e'!ires (se science an$ ecolo%y as tools to control nat(re for in$(strial an$ !olitical %oals. Alternati#e Ener%y is a r(se to a'ass !o)er& an$ science is the 'eans to achie#e those en$s.
.ockin%E &rofessor of En;iron"ental an* :eso'rce St'*ies at Trent Bni;ersityE #0-7 GSte!henE CE"!ires of EcologyEF St'*. Oist. &hil. 5iol. P 5io"e*. Sci. $4E ElectronicH E"!ire-b'il*ing entaile* not only the transfer of s!eciesE b't the transfor"ation of lan*sca!es for both co""ercial an* !olitical en*s. This transfor"ation .as !rofitableE as s'gar !lantations in the Caribbean an* tea !lantations in /n*ia testifie*. /t .as also !olitically efficacio'sI control o;er colonial nat're .as a "eans of asserting i"!erial a'thority. ,a""ing an* channeling ri;ersE "anaging an* restricting access to forest an* nat're reser;esE transfor"ing shifting c'lti;ation into settle* far"ingE o'tla.ing tra*itional 'ses of fire <&yneE 133)=Mby s'ch "eans !eo!les .ere con;erte* into s'b2ects of e"!ire. Scientific kno.le*ge 'n*er!inne* this control an* transfor"ation of i"!erial ecologies. Scientists acco"!anie* e>!lorersE s'r;eying an* classifying nat'reI geogra!hical feat'resE "ineralsE s!ecies an* !eo!lesE bringing or*er to 'ni"agine* *i;ersity. They also ignite* E'ro!ean fascination .ith the .i*er .orl*E !ro;oking ne. theories an* .ays of thinking abo't nat'ral ;ariation an* geogra!hic !heno"enaE .hile filling c'rio cabinets .ith rare an* e>otic s!eci"ens. ThenE as e>!loration ga;e .ay to e>!loitationE scientists beca"e essential to i"!erial go;ernanceE thro'gh "a!!ing trans!ortation ro'tesE s'r;eying lan* <;ital to con;erting territory into ta>able !ro!erty=E *e;elo!ing forest an* agric'lt'ral research !rogra"sE a*;ising on the efficient a*"inistration of &age #4 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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reso'rces an* !eo!lesE hel!ing to !rotect the interests of the e"!ire or of .hite settlersE an* assisting in the i"!osition of or*er an* the ass'rance of !rofitability. E"!ires ten*e* to be seen as technocratic challengesE a"enable to e>!ertE efficient "anage"entM5ritish /n*ia eK'i!!e* itself .ith "ore e>!ertise than *i* the 5ritish Ci;il Ser;ice. This ne>'s of or*erE !rofitability an* science .as e!ito"i(e* by i"!erial forestryE a transnational !ractice co"bining i*eas an* "etho*s fro" se;eral co'ntriesM 7er"anyE FranceE 5ritainMto i"!ose or*er on colonial nat're. /"!erial forestry science *efine* tra*itional !racticesE incl'*ing the 'se of fireE as !ri"iti;e an* *estr'cti;eE to be necessarily *is!lace* by "o*ernE rational science-base* "anage"ent. Forestry also e!ito"i(e* the o!!ressi;e ten*encies of colonial science base* a*"inistrationE .ith local !eo!le e>cl'*e* fro" forests that ha* been set asi*e to s'!!ly ti"ber for shi!sE rail.ay slee!ersE or other i"!erial !'r!oses <7a*gil P 7'haE 133#=.

?a'ilial stat(s" ha#e beco'e si'(lacra of their ori%ins $eter'inin% the social as other i'a%es re!lace the' yet retain their 'eanin%. Ca!italis' has taken on the !ersona of the fa'ily& $eter'inin% social str(ct(res fro' its !ersona.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #64H This !lacing of the fa"ily o'tsi*e the social fiel* is also its greatest social fort'ne. For it is the con*ition 'n*er .hich the entire social fiel* can be applied to the fa"ily. /n*i;i*'al !ersons are social !ersons first of allE i.e.E f'nctions *eri;e* fro" the abstract K'antitiesL they beco"e concrete in the beco"ing-relate* or the a>io"atic of these K'antitiesE in their con2'nction. They are nothing "ore nor less than config'rations or i"ages !ro*'ce* by the !oints-signsE the breaks-flo.sE the !'re Jfig'resJ of ca!italis"L the ca!italist as !ersonifie* ca!ital i.e.E as a f'nction *eri;e* fro" the flo. of ca!italL an* the .orker as !ersonifie* labor ca!acity i.e.E a f'nction *eri;e* fro" the flo. of labor. /n this .ay ca!italis" fills its fiel* of i""anence .ith i"agesI e;en *estit'tionE *es!airE re;oltE an* on the other si*eE the ;iolence an* the o!!ression of ca!ital beco"e i"ages of *estit'tionE *es!airE re;oltE ;iolenceE or o!!ression. 5't starting fro" non fig'rati;e fig'res or fro" the breaksflo.s that !ro*'ce the"E these i"ages .ill the"sel;es be ca!able of fig'ring an* re!ro*'cing only by sha!ing a h'"an "aterial .hose s!ecific for" of re!ro*'ction falls o'tsi*e the social fiel* that nonetheless *eter"ines this for". &ri;ate !ersons are therefore i"ages of the secon* or*erE i"ages of i"ages-that isE simulacra that are th's en*o.e* .ith an a!tit'*e for re!resenting the first-or*er i"ages of social !ersons. These !ri;ate !ersons are for"ally *eli"ite* in the loc's of the restricte* fa"ily as fatherE "otherE chil*. 5't instea* of being a strategy thatE thro'gh the action of alliances an* filiationsE o!ens onto the entire social fiel*E is coe>tensi;e .ith itE an* co'ntersects its co-or*inatesE it .o'l* a!!ear that the fa"ily is no. "erely a si"!le tactic aro'n* .hich the social fiel* reclosesE to .hich it a!!lies its a'tono"o's reK'ire"ents of re!ro*'ctionE an* that it co'nteracts .ith all its *i"ensions. The alliances an* filiations no longer !ass thro'gh !eo!le b't thro'gh "oneyL so the fa"ily beco"es a "icrocos"E s'ite* to e>!ressing .hat it no longer *o"inates. /n a certain sense the sit'ation has not change*L for .hat is in;este* thro'gh the fa"ily is still the econo"icE !oliticalE an* c'lt'ral social fiel*E its breaks an* flo.s. &ri;ate !ersons are an ill'sionE i"ages of i"ages or *eri;ati;es of *eri;ati;es. 5't in another sense e;erything has change*E beca'se the fa"ilyE instea* of constit'ting an* *e;elo!ing the *o"inant factors of social re!ro*'ctionE is content to a!!ly an* en;elo! these factors in its o.n "o*e of re!ro*'ction. FatherE "otherE an* chil* th's beco"e the si"'lacr'" of the i"ages of ca!ital <J0ister Ca!italE 0a*a"e EarthEJ an* their chil* the Worker=E .ith the res'lt that these i"ages are no longer recogni(e* at all in the *esire that is *eter"ine* to in;est only their si"'lacr'". The fa"ilial *eter"inations beco"e the a!!lication of the social a>io"atic.

<e$i!(s li#es )ithin ca!italis's a3io'atic. The sy'bolic )orl$ sketche$ by <e$i!(s is controlle$ by the ca!italist 'oney.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #66-#6)H 9e*i!'s is this *is!lace* or internali(e* li"it .here *esire lets itself be ca'ght. The 9e*i!al triangle is the !ersonal an* !ri;ate territoriality that corres!on*s to all of ca!italis"Ns efforts at social reterritoriali(ation. 9e*i!'s .as al.ays the *is!lace* li"it for e;ery social for"ationE since it is the *is!lace* re!resente* of &age #4 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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*esire. 5't in the !ri"iti;e for"ations this li"it re"ains ;acantE !recisely insofar as the flo.s are co*e* an* as the inter!lay of alliances an* filiations kee!s fa"ilies e>ten*e* accor*ing to the scale of the *eter"inations of the social fiel*E !re;enting any secon*ary re*'ction of the latter to the for"er. /n the *es!otic for"ations the 9e*i!al li"it is occ'!ie*E sy"bolically occ'!ie* b't not li;e* or inhabite*E inas"'ch as the i"!erial incest effects an o;erco*ing that in t'rn s'r;eys the entire social fiel* fro" abo;e <the re!ressing re!resentation=I the for"al o!erations of flatteningE e>tra!olationE an* so onE that later belong to 9e*i!'sE are alrea*y sketche* o'tE b't .ithin a sy"bolic s!ace .here the ob2ect fro" on high is for"e*. /t is only in the ca!italist for"ation that the 9e*i!al li"it fin*s itself not only occ'!ie*E b't inhabite* an* li;e*E in the sense in .hich the social i"ages !ro*'ce* by the *eco*e* flo.s act'ally fall back on restricte* fa"ilial i"ages in;este* by *esire. /t is at this !oint in the /"aginary that 9e*i!'s is constit'te*E at the sa"e ti"e as it co"!letes its "igration in the in-*e!th ele"ents of re!resentationI the *is!lace* re!resente* has beco"eE as s'chE the re!resentation of *esire. Oence it goes .itho't saying that this beco"ing or this constit'tion *oes not *e;elo! 'n*er the categories i"agine* in the earlier social for"ationE since the i"aginary 9e*i!'s res'lts fro" s'ch a beco"ing an* not the in;erse. /t is not ;ia a flo. of shit or a .a;e of incest that 9e*i!'s arri;esE b't ;ia the *eco*e* flo.s of ca!ital-"oney. The .a;es of incest an* shit are only secon*ary *eri;ates of the latterE insofar as they trans!ort the !ri;ate !ersons to .hich the flo.s of ca!ital are re*'ce* or a!!lie*. <Which e>!lains the co"!le> origin of the relation that is co"!letely *istorte* in the !sychoanalytic eK'ationE shit?"oneyL in realityE it is a K'estion of enco'nters or con2'nctionsE of *eri;ati;es an* res'ltants bet.een *eco*e* flo.s.=

Ca!italis' has t(rne$ to 'oney as the (lti'ate co$in% 'achine. E#erythin% is #al(e$ )ithin the a3io'atic& an$ these #al(es e#en !rece$e the bo$ies )ithin the 'achine. The r(lin% class has e#en been co''o$ifie$ to s(it its nee$s& an$ the ne) sin%le2class is the %(ar$ian of its !rocesses.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $)#-$)$H /n the ca!italist for"ation of so;ereignty-the f'll bo*y of ca!ital-"oney as the soci's-the great social a>io"atic has re!lace* the territorial co*es an* the *es!otic o;erco*ings that characteri(e* the !rece*ing for"ationsL an* a "olarE gregario's aggregate has for"e*E .hose "o*e of s'b2'gation has no eK'al. We ha;e seen on .hat fo'n*ations this aggregate o!erate*I a .hole fiel* of i""anence that is re!ro*'ce* on an al.ays larger scaleE that is contin'ally "'lti!lying its a>io"s to s'it its nee*sE that is fille* .ith i"ages an* .ith i"ages of i"agesE thro'gh .hich *esire is *eter"ine* to *esire its o.n re!ression (imperialism)/ an 'n!rece*ente* *eco*ing an* *eterritoriali(ationE .hich instit'tes a co"bination as a syste" of *ifferential relations bet.een the *eco*e* an* *eterritoriali(e* flo.sE in s'ch a .ay that social inscri!tion an* re!ression no longer e;en nee* to bear *irectly '!on bo*ies an* !ersonsE b't on the contrary !rece*e the" (axiomatic0 reg'lation an* a!!lication=L a s'r!l's ;al'e *eter"ine* as a s'r!l's ;al'e of fl'>E .hose e>tortion is not bro'ght abo't by a si"!le arith"etical *ifference bet.een t.o K'antities that are ho"ogeneo's an* belong to the sa"e co*eE b't !recisely by *ifferential relations bet.een heterogeneo's "agnit'*es that are not raise* to the sa"e !o.erI a flo. of ca!ital an* a flo. of labor as h'"an s'r!l's ;al'e in the in*'strial essence of ca!italis"E a flo. of financing an* a flo. of !ay"ent or inco"es in the "onetary inscri!tion of ca!italis"E a "arket flo. an* a flo. of inno;ation as "achinic s'r!l's ;al'e in the o!eration of ca!italis" (surplus value as the first as!ect of its i""anence=E a r'ling class that is all the "ore r'thless as it *oes not !lace the "achine in its ser;iceE b't is the ser;ant of the ca!italist "achineI in this senseE a single classE content for its !art .ith *ra.ing inco"es thatE ho.e;er enor"o'sE *iffer only arith"etically fro" the .orkersN .ages-inco"eE .hereas this class f'nctions on a "ore !rofo'n* le;el as creatorE reg'latorE an* g'ar*ian of the great nona!!ro!riate*E non!ossesse* flo.E inco""ens'rable .ith .ages an* !rofitsE .hich "arks at e;ery ste! along the .ay the interior li"its of ca!italis"E their !er!et'al *is!lace"entE an* their re!ro*'ction on an al.ays larger scale (the movement of interior limits as the secon* as!ect of the ca!italist fiel* of i""anenceE *efine* by the circ'lar relationshi! Jgreat fl'> of financing-refl'> of inco"es in .ages-affl'> of ra. !rofitJ=L the eff'sion of anti!ro*'ction .ithin !ro*'ctionE as the reali(ation or the absor!tion of s'r!l's ;al'eE in s'ch a .ay that the "ilitaryE b'rea'craticE an* !olice a!!arat's fin*s itself gro'n*e* in the econo"y itselfE .hich *irectly !ro*'ces libi*inal in;est"ents for the re!ression of *esire <antiproduction as the thir* as!ect of ca!italist i""anenceE e>!ressing the t.ofol* nat're of ca!italis"I !ro*'ction for !ro*'ctionNs sakeE b't 'n*er the con*itions of ca!ital=.

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Ca!italis' an$ Psychoanalysis are intert)ine$.

ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $0#H /t follo.s thatE in the secon* !laceE the link bet.een !sychoanalysis an* ca!italis" is no less !rofo'n* than that bet.een !olitical econo"y an* ca!italis". This *isco;ery of the *eco*e* an* *eterritoriali(e* flo.s is the sa"e as that .hich takes !lace for !olitical econo"y an* in social !ro*'ctionE in the for" of s'b2ecti;e abstract laborE an* for !sychoanalysis an* in *esiring-!ro*'ctionE in the for" of s'b2ecti;e abstract libi*o. 8s 0ar> saysE in ca!italis" the essence beco"es s'b2ecti;e-the activity of production in general-an* abstract labor beco"es so"ething real fro" .hich all the !rece*ing social for"ations can be reinter!rete* fro" the !oint of ;ie. of a generali(e* *eco*ing or a generali(e* !rocess of *eterritoriali(ationI JThe si"!lest abstractionE thenE .hich "o*ern econo"ics !laces at the hea* of its *isc'ssionsE an* .hich e>!resses an i""eas'rably ancient relation ;ali* in all for"s of societyE ne;ertheless achie;es !ractical tr'th as an abstraction only as a category of the "ost "o*ern society.J This is also the case for *esire as abstract libi*o an* as s'b2ecti;e essence. Not that a si"!le !arallelis" sho'l* be *ra.n bet.een ca!italist social !ro*'ction an* *esiring !ro*'ctionE or bet.een the flo.s of "oney-ca!ital an* the shit-flo.s of *esire. The relationshi! is "'ch closerI *esiring-"achines are in social "achines an* no.here elseE so that the con2'nction of the *eco*e* flo.s in the ca!italist "achine ten*s to liberate the free fig'res of a 'ni;ersal s'b2ecti;e libi*o. /n shortE the *isco;ery of an acti;ity of !ro*'ction in general an* .itho't *istinctionE as it a!!ears in ca!italis"E is the i*entical *isco;ery of both !olitical econo"y an* !sychoanalysisE beyon* the *eter"inate syste"s of re!resentation.

Ca!italis' has e3!an$e$ its hori*ons fro' solely an econo'ic $e#ice to one )hich se'iotically controls the )hole of the social $o'ain. Str(%%les are not ba$ in an$ of the'sel#es& b(t )hen they"re re$(ce$ to a sin%le 'o$e of se'ioti*ation& the 'icrofascist beco'es tr(ly horri$.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 1359 GFSli>E C0olec'lar :e;ol'tionsF in 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &.10-11H Certainly there "'st be a "ore !o.erf'l in;est"ent that co"es to re!lace re;ol'tionary *esire. 0y e>!lanationE !ro;isionallyE arises fro" the fact that ca!italist !o.er is not only e>ercise* in the econo"ic *o"ain an* thro'gh the s'b2'gation of classE nor is it e>ercise* only thro'gh !oliceE fore"enE teachersE an* !rofessorsE b't also on another front .hich / .o'l* call the se"iotic s'b2'gation of all in*i;i*'als. Chil*ren begin learning abo't ca!italis" in the cra*leE before they ha;e access to s!eech. They learn to !ercei;e ca!italist ob2ects an* relations on tele;isionE thro'gh the fa"ilyE in the n'rsery. /f they so"eho. "anage to esca!e se"iotic s'b2'gationE then s!eciali(e* instit'tions are there to take care of the"I !sychologyE !sychoanalysisE to na"e b't t.o. Ca!italis" cannot s'ccessf'lly !'t together its .ork force 'nless it !rocee*s thro'gh a series of se"iotic s'b2'gations. The *iffic'lt thingMan* one that raises a basic theoretical !roble"Mis ho. to concei;e the artic'lation an* 'nification of str'ggles on all these frontsI the front of tra*itional !olitical an* social str'ggleL the liberation of o!!resse* ethnic gro'!s an* regionsL ling'istic str'gglesL str'ggles for a better neighborhoo*E for a "ore co""'nal .ay of lifeL str'ggles to change fa"ily life or .hate;er takes the !lace of itL str'ggles to change "o*es of s'b2'gation that rec'r in co'!lesE .hether heterose>'al or ho"ose>'al. / !'t all these str'ggles 'n*er the ter" C"icrofascistEF altho'gh / *on@t !artic'larly like it. / 'se it si"!ly beca'se it startles an* annoys !eo!le. There is a "icrofascis" of one@s o.n bo*yE of one@s organsE the kin* of b'li"ia that lea*s to anore>iaE a !erce!t'al b'li"ia that blin*s one to the ;al'e of thingsE e>ce!t for their e>change ;al'eE their 'se ;al'eE to the e>!ense of the ;al'es of *esire. This raises an i"!ortant theoretical K'estionE a K'estion thatE for "eE ,ele'(eE an* se;eral othersE has change* so"e.hat lately. We tho'ght the "ost for"i*able ene"y .as !sychoanalysis beca'se it re*'ce* all for"s of *esire to a !artic'lar for"ationE the fa"ily. 5't there is another *angerE of .hich !sychoanalysis is b't one !oint of a!!licationI it is the re*'ction of all "o*es of se"ioti(ation. What / call se"ioti(ation is .hat ha!!ens .ith !erce!tionE .ith "o;e"ent in s!aceE .ith singingE *ancingE "i"icryE caressingE contactE e;erything that concerns the bo*y. 8ll these "o*es of se"ioti(ation are being re*'ce* to the *o"inant lang'ageE the lang'age of !o.er .hich coor*inates its syntactic reg'lation .ith s!eech !ro*'ction in its totality. What one learns at

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school or in the 'ni;ersity is not essentially a content or *ataE b't a beha;ioral "o*el a*a!te* to certain social castes.

Ca!italis' re$(ces life into a 'achinic labor& follo)in% a strict set of r(les to ens(re the a3io'atic can reclai' $esire for its o)n (se.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 1359 GFSli>E C,esire is &o.erE &o.er is ,esireEF in 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &.1)H Ca!italis" ref'ses to take these co"!onents into consi*erationL .hat it .ants isI 1. !eo!le to e>!ress the"sel;es .ay that confir"s the *i;ision of laborL #. *esire to be only e>!resse* in a .ay that the syste" can reco'!E or only if it is lineari(e*E K'antifie* in syste"s of !ro*'ction. 8 n'"ber of !eo!le here ha;e re"arke* that the lineari(ation is the best .ay of trans"itting *ata for a gi;en !'r!oseE e;en in genetic syste"s. For e>a"!leE consi*er .hat ha!!ens in a !ri"iti;e society .hen a !'rchase is "a*e. The !'rchase is often a bo*y linke* to inter"inable *isc'ssionsL it is "ore often like a *onationE e;en tho'gh it is !resente* as an e>change. To*ayE sho!!ing i*eally *e"an*s that the sales!erson beha;es like a co"!'ter. E;en if the sales!erson is so"eone affableE an* *is!lays all the iconic co"!onents of se*'ctionE she nonetheless se*'ces accor*ing to a !recise co*e. Oer skirt "'st be a certain lengthE her s"ile artificialE etc. The best .ay for ca!italis" to ins're se"iotic s'b2'gation is to enco*e *esire in a linear .ay. Whether in a factory or a bankE ca!italis" *oes not .ant !eo!le .ho bring the totality of .hat they areE .ith their *esire an* their !roble"s. 9ne *oesn@t ask the" to *esireE to be in lo;eE or to be *e!resse*L one asks the" to *o the .ork. They "'st s'!!ress .hat they feelE .hat they areE their entire !erce!ti;e se"ioticsE all their !roble"s. To .ork in ca!italist society i"!lies isolating the 'sable K'antity of se"ioti(ation .hich has a !recise relation to a la. of .riting.

Ca!italist s(b4ecti#ity has chan%e$ fro' territorial relations to those of abstract econo'ic co$in%s. The ne) central fi%(re in society are technolo%y an$ econo'ics& !ro$(cin% the 'ost ban% for the syste'"s b(ck. E#en h('an"s are s)e!t (! in the ca!italist !assion to 'eet the re/(ire'ents of the syste'.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,5 GFSli>E C:egi"esE &ath.aysE S'b2ectsEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 1#1-1#$H The secon* co"!onent of ca!italist s'b2ecti;ity begins effecti;ely in the 1+th cent'ry. /t is "arke* abo;e all by a gro.ing *iseK'ilibri'" in the relations of h'"an being to tool. O'"an beings also .itnesse* the *isa!!earance an* era*ication of social territorialities thatE 'ntil thenE .ere tho'ght to be !er"anent an* inalienable. Their lan*"arks of social an* !hysical cor!oreality .ere !rofo'n*ly shaken. The 'ni;erse of reference for the ne. syste" of generali(e* e>change .as no longer territorial seg"entarityE b't rather ca!ital as a "o*e of se"iotic reterritoriali(ation of h'"an acti;ities an* str'ct'res '!roote* by "achinic !rocesses. 9nceE a real ,es!ot or i"aginary 7o* ser;e* as the o!erational keystone for the local reco"!osition of act'al territories. No.E tho'ghE that role .o'l* be !laye* by sy"bolic ca!itali(ation of abstract ;al'es of !o.er bearing on econo"ic an* technological "o*es of kno.le*ge in*e>e* to ne.ly *eterritoriali(e* social classesE an* creating a general eK'i;alence bet.een all ;alori(ations of goo*s an* h'"an acti;ities. 8 syste" of this sort cannot !reser;e its historical consistency .itho't resorting to a kin* of en*less hea*long raceE .ith a constant renegotiation of the stakes. The ne. Cca!italist !assionF .o'l* s.ee! '! e;erything in its !athE in !artic'lar the c'lt'res an* territorialities that ha* s'ccee*e* to one *egree or another in esca!ing the Christian stea"roller. The !rinci!al consistency factors of this co"!onent are the follo.ingI FirstI The general s!rea* of the !rinte* te>t into all as!ects of social an* c'lt'ral lifeE correlate* .ith a certain .eakening of the !erfor"ati;e force of *irect oral co""'nicationL by the sa"e tokenE ca!abilities of acc'"'lating an* !rocessing kno.le*ge are greatly e>!an*e*. Secon*I The !ri"acy of stea"-!o.ere* "achines an* steelE .hich "'lti!lie* the !o.er of "achinic ;ectors to !ro!agate the"sel;es on lan*E sea an* airE an* across e;ery technologicalE econo"ic an* 'rban s!ace. Thir*I The "ani!'lation of ti"eE .hich is e"!tie* of its nat'ral rhyth"s by chrono"etric "achines lea*ing to a Taylorist rationali(ation of labor !o.erL techniK'es of econo"ic se"ioti(ationE for e>a"!leE in;ol;ing cre*it "oneyE .hich i"!ly a general ;irt'ali(ation of ca!acities for h'"an initiati;e an* a !re*icti;e calc'l's bearing

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on *o"ains of inno;ationM checks .ritten on the f't'reMall of .hich "akes !ossible an 'nli"ite* e>!ansion of the i"!eri'" of "arket econo"ies. Fo'rthI The biological re;ol'tionsE beginning .ith &aste'r@s *isco;eriesE that ha;e linke* the f't're of li;ing s!ecies e;er "ore closely to the *e;elo!"ent bioche"ical in*'stries. O'"an beings fin* the"sel;es relegate* to a !osition of K'asi-!arasitic a*2acency to the "achinic !hyla. Each of their organs an* social relations are K'ite si"!ly re!atterne* in or*er to be reallocate*E o;erco*e* in accor*ance .ith the global reK'ire"ents of the syste" <The "ost gri!!ing an* !ro!hetic re!resentations of these bo*ily rearrangings are fo'n* in the .ork of eonar*o *a 6inciE 5r'eghel an* es!ecially 8rci"bol*o.= The !ara*o> of this f'nctionali(ation of h'"an organs an* fac'lties an* its atten*ant regi"e of general eK'i;alence bet.een syste"s of ;al'e is thatE e;en as it st'bbornly contin'es to in;oke 'ni;ersali(ing !ers!ecti;esE all it e;er "anages to *o historically is fol* back on itselfE yiel*ing reterritoriali(ations of nationalistE classistE cor!oratistE racist an* nationalist kin*. 5eca'se of thisE it ine>orably ret'rns to the "ost conser;ati;eE at ti"es caricat're*E !aths%;oices. The Cs!irit of enlighten"entEF .hich "arke* the a*;ent of this secon* fig're of ca!italist s'b2ecti;ityE is necessarily acco"!anie* by an 'tterly ho!eless fetishi(ation of !rofit Ma s!ecifically bo'rgeois libi*inal !o.er for"'la. That for"'la *istance* itself fro" the ol* e"ble"atic syste"s of control o;er territoriesE !eo!le an* goo*s by e"!loying "ore *eterritoriali(e* "e*iationsMonly to secrete the "ost obt'seE asocial an* infantili(ing of s'b2ecti;e gro'n*.orks. ,es!ite the a!!earance of free*o" of tho'ght that the ne. ca!italist "onotheis" is so fon* of affectingE it has al.ays !res'!!ose* an archaisticE irrational gri! on 'nconscio's s'b2ecti;ityE "ost notably thro'gh hy!erin*i;i*'ate* a!!arat'ses of res!onsibilityE an* g'ilt-!ro*'ctionE .hichE carrie* to a fe;er !itchE lea* to co"!'lsi;e self- !'nish"ent an* "orbi* c'lts of bla"eM!erfectly re!ertorie* in Kafka@s 'ni;erse.

Ca!italis' (ses econo'ics as a tool of control. =t is no lon%er 4(st the )orker )ho is s(b4ecte$ to Ca!ital& b(t the )hole of the social or$er as #al(e is e3tracte$ fro' !re#io(sly (nto(che$ s!heres. The constant e#ol(tion of Ca!italis' has allo)e$ it to e3!an$ this )ay.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13CD GFSli>E CCa!italis" as the /ntegral &o.er For"ationEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #11-#1$H /t is therefore not s'fficient here to e;oke the !olitics of Ca!ital. Ca!ital as s'ch is nothing b't the !olitical socialE an* technico-scientific ele"entsE relate* to each other. This general *iagra""atic *i"ension a!!ears "ore an* "ore clearly .ith the gro.ing role of State ca!italis" as a relay to the globali(ation of Ca!ital. Nation2States 'ani!(late a '(lti2$i'ensional Ca!ital> 'onetary 'asses& econo'ic in$ices& /(antities necessary to brin% so'e social cate%ory 0into line&1 fl'>es of inhibition to kee! !eo!le in !laceE etc. 9ne .itnesses a sort of collecti;i(ation of ca!italis"E .hether it is circ'"scribe* in a national fra"e.ork or not. 5't this *oes not "ean that it is abo't to *egenerate. Thro'gh the contin'o's enrich"ent of its se"iotic co"!onentsE 11 beyon* .age labor an* "onetari(e* goo*sE it takes control of "'ltit'*e of K'anta of !o.er .hich !re;io'sly ha* re"aine* containe* in the local econo"yE both *o"estic an* libi*inal. To*ayE each !artic'lar o!eration of ca!italist e>traction of !rofitMin "oney an* in social !o.er in;ol;es !o.er for"ations across the boar*. Notions s'ch as the ca!italist cor!oration an* the salarie* !osition ha;e beco"e inse!arable fro" the .hole of the social fabricE .hich itself *irectly !ro*'ce* an* re!ro*'ce* 'n*er the control of Ca!ital. The ;ery notion of the ca!italist cor!oration sho'l* be broa*ene* so as to incl'*e collecti;e eK'i!"entsE an* the notion of .ork !ositionE as .ell as "ost non-salarie* acti;ities. /n a .ayE the ho'se.ife occ'!ies a .ork !osition in her ho"eE the chil* hol*s a .ork !osition at schoolE the cons'"er at the s'!er"arketE an* the tele;ision ;ie.er in front of the screenW0achines in the factory see" to be .orking all by the"sel;esE b't in fact it is the .hole of society .hich is a*2acent to the". /t .o'l* be K'ite arbitrary to*ay to consi*er cor!orate salaries in*e!en*ently fro" the "'lti!le syste"s of *eferre* .agesE benefitsE an* social costsE .hich affect the re!ro*'ction of the collecti;e labor-!o.er "ore or less closelyE "o;e o't of the "onetary circ'it of the cor!orationE an* are taken on by "'lti!le instit'tions an* collecti;e eK'i!"ents. et 's a** to all this an essential !oint abo't .hich "ore .ill be sai*I not only *oes ca!italis" e>!loit salarie* .orkers beyon* their .ork-ti"eE *'ring their Cleis'reF ti"eE b't "oreo;erE it 'ses the" as relay- !oints in or*er to e>!loit those .ho are s'b2'gate* in their o.n s!here of actionI their s'balternsE their 'nsalarie* kinE .i;esE chil*renE ol* !eo!leE *e!en*ents of all kin*s.

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We al.ays co"e back to this central i*eaI thro'gh the .age syste"E ca!italis" ai"s abo;e all at controlling the .hole of society. 8n* in a rec'rring .ayE it a!!ears that in any circ'"stance the !lay of e>change-;al'es has al.ays been *e!en*ent on social relationsE an* not the re;erse. 0echanis"s s'ch as inflation ill'strate the constant intr'sion of the social in the econo"ic. What is Cnor"alF is inflationE an* not !rice eK'ilibri'"E since the iss'e is to a*2'st !o.er relations .hich are in !er"anent e;ol'tion <b'ying !o.erE in;est"ent !o.erE the ;ario's social for"ations@ international e>change !o.er=. 8s econo"ic s'r!l's-;al'e is irre;ocably tie* to s'r!l's-;al'es of !o.er .hich ha;e to *o .ith laborE "achinesE an* social s!acesE the re*efinition of Ca!ital as the general "o*e of ca!itali(ation of the se"ioses of !o.er <rather than as an abstractE 'ni;ersal K'antity= therefore i"!lies a re*efinition of its technical co"!osition. The latter no longer rests on t.o basic gi;ensM li;ing labor an* labor crystalli(e* in the "eans of !ro*'ctionMb't on at least fo'r co"!onentsE fo'r set-'!s .hich are irre*'cible to one anotherI 1= The ca!italist !o.er for"ationsE thro'gh .hich Ca!ital "aintains or*erE g'arantees !ro!ertyE social stratificationsE an* the allot"ent of "aterial an* social goo*s. <The ;al'e of a goo*E .hiche;er it "ight beE being inse!arable fro" the cre*ibility of the re!ressi;e eK'i!"ents of la. an* !olice..E an* also fro" the e>istence of a certain *egree of !o!'lar consens's in fa;or of the establishe* or*er=. #= The "achinic arrange"ents of !ro*'cti;e forcesE .hich constit'te a fi>e* ca!ital <"achineE factoryE trans!ortationE storage of ra. "aterialsE ca!ital techniK'es of "achinic s'b2ection an* trainingE laboratoriesE etc.=. This is the classic real" of !ro*'cti;e forces. $= Collecti;e labor-!o.er an* the .hole of social relations .hich are s'b2'gate* by ca!italist !o.er Collecti;e labor-!o.er is no longer consi*ere* here in ter"s of "achinic s'b2ectionE b't of social alienation. /t is s'b2'gate* to the bo'rgeoisies an* the b'rea'craciesL at the sa"e ti"eE it is a factor of s'b2'gation of other social categories <.o"enE chil*renE i""igrantsE se>'al "inoritiesE etc.=. This is the real" of relations of !ro*'ction an* social relations. 4= The net.ork of eK'i!"entsE a!!arat'ses of State an* !ara-State !o.er the "e*ia. This net.orkE both ra"ifie* on the "icro-social an* on the !lanetary scaleE has beco"e an essential ele"ent of Ca!ital. /t is thro'gh this net.ork that it can e>tract an* integrate the sectorial ca!itali(ations of !o.er inherent to the three !rece*ing co"!onents.

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Link State
The State o)ns the earth thro(%h Ca!italis' re!lacin% territorialities )ith 'onetary si%ns an$ creatin% an infinite $ebt. The %reatest si%n of Ca!italis' is o#er!ro$(ction& '(ch like the Affs search for a 'ore efficient ener%y so(rce.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 136-13+H /t has often been re"arke* that the State co""ences <or reco""ences= .ith t.o f'n*a"ental actsE one of .hich is sai* to be an act of territoriality thro'gh the fi>ing of resi*enceE an* the otherE an act of liberation thro'gh the abolition of s"all *ebts. 5't the State o!erates by "eans of e'!he"is"s. The !se'*o territoriality is the !ro*'ct of an effecti;e *eterritoriali(ation that s'bstit'tes abstract signs for the signs of the earthE an* that "akes the earth itself into the ob2ect of a State o.nershi! of !ro!ertyE or an o.nershi! hel* by the StateNs richest ser;ants an* officials. <There is no great changeE fro" this point of view, .hen the State no longer *oes anything "ore than g'arantee the !ri;ate !ro!erty of a r'ling class that beco"es *istinct fro" the State.= The abolition of *ebtsE .hen it takes !laceE is a "eans of "aintaining the *istrib'tion of lan*E an* a "eans of !re;enting the entry on stage of a ne. territorial "achineE !ossibly re;ol'tionary an* ca!able of raising an* *ealing .ith the agrarian !roble" in a co"!rehensi;e .ay. /n other cases .here a re*istrib'tion occ'rsE the cycle of cre*its is "aintaine*E in the ne. for" establishe* by the State-"oney. For .itho't K'estionE "oney *oes not begin by ser;ing the nee*s of co""erceE or at least it has no a'tono"o's "ercantile "o*el. The *es!otic "achine hol*s the follo.ing in co""on .ith the !ri"iti;e "achineE it confir"s the latter in this res!ectI the *rea* of *eco*e* flo.s-flo.s of !ro*'ctionE b't also "ercantile flo.s (flux marchands) of e>change an* co""erce that "ight esca!e the State "ono!olyE .ith its tight restrictions an* its !l'gging of flo.s. When Etienne 5ala(s asks .hy ca!italis" .asnNt born in China in the thirteenth cent'ryE .hen all the necessary scientific an* technical con*itions ne;ertheless see"e* to be !resentE the ans.er lies in the StateE .hich close* the "ines as soon as the reser;es of "etal .ere 2'*ge* s'fficientE an* .hich retaine* a "ono!oly or a narro. control o;er co""erce <the "erchant as f'nctionary=.JU The role of "oney in co""erce hinges less on co""erce itself than on its control by the State. Co""erceNs relationshi! .ith "oney is syntheticE not analytical. 8n* "oney is f'n*a"entally inse!arableE not fro" co""erceE b't fro" ta>es as the "aintenance of the a!!arat's of the State. E;en .here *o"inant classes set the"sel;es a!art fro" this a!!arat's an* "ake 'se of it for the benefit of !ri;ate !ro!ertyE the *es!otic tie bet.een "oney an* ta>es re"ains ;isible. 5asing hi"self on the research of E*o'ar* WillE 0ichel Fo'ca'lt sho.s ho.E in certain 7reek tyranniesE the ta> on aristocrats an* the *istrib'tion of "oney to the !oor are a "eans of bringing the "oney back to the rich an* a "eans of re"arkably .i*ening the regi"e of *ebtsE "aking it e;en strongerE by antici!ating an* re!ressing any reterritoriali(ation that "ight be !ro*'ce* by the econo"ic gi;ens of the agrarian !roble".IJ <8s if the 7reeks ha* *isco;ere* in their o.n .ay .hat the 8"ericans re*isco;ere* after the Ne. ,ealI that hea;y ta>es are goo* for b'siness.= /n a .or*E "oney-the circ'lation of "oney-is the means for rendering the debt infinite. 8n* that is .hat is conceale* in the t.o acts of the StateI the resi*ence or territoriality of the State ina'g'rates the great "o;e"ent of *eterritoriali(ation that s'bor*inates all the !ri"iti;e filiations to the *es!otic "achine <the agrarian !roble"=L the abolition of *ebts or their acco'ntable transfor"ation initiates the *'ty of an inter"inable ser;ice to the State that s'bor*inates all the !ri"iti;e alliances to itself <the !roble" of *ebts=. The infinite cre*itor an* infinite cre*it ha;e re!lace* the blocks of "obile an* finite *ebts. There is al.ays a "onotheis" on the hori(on of *es!otis"I the *ebt beco"es a *ebt of e>istenceE a *ebt of the e>istence of the s'b2ects the"sel;es. 8 ti"e .ill co"e .hen the cre*itor has not yet lent .hile the *ebtor ne;er K'its re!ayingE for re!aying is a *'ty b't len*ing is an o!tion-as in e.is CarrollNs songE the long song abo't the infinite *ebtI 8 "an "ay s'rely clai" his *'esI 5'tE .hen thereNs "oney to be lentE 8 "an "'st be allo.e* to choose S'ch ti"es as are con;enient.43

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Link LacanEPsychoanalysis
esire has been !lace$ in a relation of $ebtor beca(se of <e$i!(s. Psychoanalytic 4o(rnals ha#e beco'e the holy book of society.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #16-#1)H The 9e*i!al cell .ill ha;e to co"!lete its "igrationL it "'st no longer be content to !ass fro" the state of the *is!lace* re!resente* to that of re!ressing re!resentationL ratherE fro" being the re!ressing re!resentationE it .ill ha;e to finally beco"e the re!resentati;e of *esire itself. 8n* it "'st beco"e the latter by ;irt'e of being the *is!lace* re!resente*. The *ebt "'st not only beco"e an infinite *ebtE it .ill ha;e to be internali(e* an* s!irit'ali(e* as an infinite *ebt <Christianity an* .hat follo.s=. The father an* the son .ill ha;e to take for"-that isE the royal tria* "'st J"asc'lini(eJ itself-an* this "'st occ'r as a *irect conseK'ence of the infinite *ebt that is no. internali(e*.X 9e*i!'s-the *es!ot .ill ha;e to be re!lace* by 9e*i!'ses-as-s'b2ectsE 9e*i!'ses-as-s'b2'gate* in*i;i*'alsE 9e*i!'ses-as-fathersE an* 9e*i!'ses-as-sons. 8ll the for"al o!erations .ill ha;e to be res'"e* .ithin a *eco*e* social fiel*E an* "'st re;erberate in the !'re an* !ri;ate ele"ent of interiorityE of interior re!ro*'ction. The a!!arat's of social re!ression !sychic re!ression .ill ha;e to 'n*ergo a co"!lete reorgani(ation. Oence *esireE ha;ing co"!lete* its "igrationE .ill ha;e to e>!erience this e>tre"e affliction of being t'rne* against itselfI the t'rning back against itselfE ba* conscienceE the g'ilt that attaches it to the "ost *eco*e* of social fiel*s as .ell as to the sickest interiorityE the tra! for *esireE its 'gly gro.th. So long as the history of *esire *oes not e>!erience this o'tco"eE 9e*i!'s ha'nts all societiesE b't as the night"are of so"ething that has still not ha!!ene* to the"its ho'r has not co"e. <8n* isnNt this the strength of acanE to ha;e sa;e* !sychoanalysis fro" the fren(ie* oe*i!ali(ation to .hich it .as linking its fate-to ha;e bro'ght abo't this sal;ation e;en at the !rice of a regressionE an* e;en tho'gh it "eant the 'nconscio's .o'l* be ke!t 'n*er the .eight of the *es!otic a!!arat'sE that it .o'l* be reinter!rete* starting fro" this a!!arat'sE the a.E an* the signifier-!hall's an* castrationE yesQ 9e*i!'sE no / the *es!otic age of the 'nconscio's.=

Psychoanalysis isn"t too keen on ob4ecti#ity. =t takes 'yths an$ fantasies an$ si'(ltaneo(sly $eno(nces an$ %lorifies the'.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $04-$04H ConseK'entlyE the a"big'ity of !sychoanalysis in relation to "yth or trage*y has the follo.ing e>!lanationI !sychoanalysis 'n*oes the" as ob2ecti;e re!resentationsE an* *isco;ers in the" the fig'res of a s'b2ecti;e 'ni;ersal libi*oL b't it reani"ates the"E an* !ro"otes the" as s'b2ecti;e re!resentations that e>ten* the "ythic an* tragic contents to infinity. &sychoanalysis *oes treat "yth an* trage*yE b't it treats the" as the *rea"s an* the fantasies of !ri;ate "anE 2omo familiaan* in fact *rea" an* fantasy are to "yth an* trage*y as !ri;ate !ro!erty is to !'blic !ro!erty. What acts in "yth an* trage*y at the le;el of ob2ecti;e ele"ents is therefore rea!!ro!riate* an* raise* to a higher le;el by !sychoanalysisE b't as an 'nconscio's *i"ension of s'b2ecti;e re!resentation <"yth as h'"anityNs dream). What acts as an ob2ecti;e an* !'blic ele"ent-the EarthE the ,es!otis no. taken '! againE b't as the e>!ression of a s'b2ecti;e an* !ri;ate reterritoriali(ationI 9e*i!'s is the fallen *es!ot-banishe*E *eterritoriali(e*-b't a reterritoriali(ation is engineere*E 'sing the 9e*i!'s co"!le> concei;e* of as the *a**y-"o""y-"e of to*ayNs e;ery"an. &sychoanalysis an* the 9e*i!'s co"!le> gather '! all beliefsE all that has e;er been belie;e* by h'"anityE b't only in or*er to raise it to the con*ition of a *enial that !reser;es belief .itho't belie;ing in it <itNs only a *rea"I the strictest !iety to*ay asks for nothing "ore=. Whence this *o'ble i"!ressionE that !sychoanalysis is o!!ose* to "ythology no less than to "ythologistsE b't at the sa"e ti"e e>ten*s "yth an* trage*y to the *i"ensions of the s'b2ecti;e 'ni;ersalI if 9e*i!'s hi"self Jhas no co"!le>EJ the 9e*i!'s co"!le> has no 9e*i!'sE 2'st as narcissis" has no Narciss's.X S'ch is the a"bi;alence that tra;erses !sychoanalysisE an* that e>ten*s beyon* the s!ecific !roble" of "yth an* trage*yI .ith one han* !sychoanalysis 'n*oes the syste" of ob2ecti;e re!resentations <"ythE trage*y= for the benefit of the s'b2ecti;e essence concei;e* as *esiring-!ro*'ctionE .hile .ith the other han* it re;erses this !ro*'ction in a syste" of s'b2ecti;e re!resentations <*rea" an* fantasyE .ith "yth an* trage*y !osite* as their *e;elo!"ents or !ro2ections=. /"agesE nothing b't i"ages. What is left in the en* is an inti"ate fa"ilial theaterE the theater of &age $# of 10+ All free minds to the front

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!ri;ate "anE .hich is no longer either *esiring-!ro*'ction or ob2ecti;e re!resentation. The 'nconscio's as a stage. 8 .hole theater !'t in the !lace of !ro*'ctionE a theater that *isfig'res this !ro*'ction e;en "ore than co'l* trage*y an* "yth .hen re*'ce* to their "eager ancient reso'rces.

<e$i!(s has o#erflo)e$ its ca%e to taint the )hole of society. Resistance is no 'atch for it"s reco$in%s.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $43H Since the nineteenth cent'ryE the st'*y of "ental illnesses an* "a*ness has re"aine* the !risoner of the fa"ilial !ost'late an* its correlatesE the !ersonological correlate an* the egoic !ost'late <le !ost'lat "oiV'e=. We ha;e seenE follo.ing Fo'ca'ltE ho. nineteenth cent'ry !sychiatry ha* concei;e* of the fa"ily as both ca'se an* 2'*ge of the illnessE an* the close* asyl'" as an artificial fa"ily charge* .ith internali(ing g'ilt an* .ith instit'ting res!onsibilityE en;elo!ing "a*ness no less than its c're in a father-chil* relationshi! e;ery.here !resent. /n this res!ectE far fro" breaking .ith !sychiatryE !sychoanalysis trans!orte$ its re/(ire'ents o(tsi$e the asyl(' )allsE an* first i"!ose* a certain JfreeEJ intensi;eE !hantas"al 'se of the fa"ily that see"e* !artic'larly s'ite* to .hat .as isolate* as the ne'roses. 5't the resistance of the !sychoses on the one han*E an* the necessity for taking into acco'nt a social etiology on the other han*E has le* !sychiatrists an* !sychoanalysts to re*e!loy 'n*er o!en con*itions the or*er of an e>ten*e* fa"ilyE .hich is still belie;e* to !ossess the secret of the illness as .ell as its c're. 8fter the fa"ily has been internali(e* in 9e*i!'sE 9e*i!'s is e>ternali(e* in the sy"bolic or*erE in the instit'tional or*erE in the co""'nity or*erE the sectorial or*erE etc. This !ro%ression contains a constant of all 'o$ern atte'!ts at refor'. 8n* if this ten*ency a!!ears in its "ost nai;e for" in co""'nity !sychiatry ai"e* at a*2'st"ent-Jthe thera!e'tic ret'rn to the fa"ilyEJ to the i*entity of !ersons an* the integrity of the egoE the .hole .orks being blesse* by s'ccessf'l castration in a sacre* triang'lar for"-the sa"e ten*ency in "ore *isg'ise* for"s is at .ork in other tren*s. /t is not by chance that acanNs sy"bolic or*er has been *i;erte*E 'tili(e* for gro'n*ing a str'ct'ral 9e*i!'s a!!licable to !sychosisE an* for e>ten*ing the fa"ilial co-or*inates beyon* their real an* e;en i"aginary *o"ain. /t is not by chance that instit'tional analysis has *iffic'lty in "aintaining a !osition against the reconstit'tion of artificial fa"ilies .here the sy"bolic or*erE e"bo*ie* in the instit'tionE re-for"s gro'!

So lon% as $esire is re!resse$ by <e$i!(s& se3(ality )ill ne#er be free$ fro' it"s yoke an$ liberty )ill be (nattainable. <nly )hen )e re'o#e the +ay2Strai%ht binary an$ release a '(lti!licity of se3(alities #ia o(r Alternati#e can )e ho!e for an en$ to F(eer o!!ression.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $40-$41H The task of schi(oanalysis is therefore to reach the in;est"ents of 'nconscio's *esire of the social fiel*E insofar as they are *ifferentiate* fro" the !reconscio's in;est"ents of interestE an* insofar as they are not "erely ca!able of co'nteracting the"E b't also of coe>isting .ith the" in o!!osite "o*es. /n the generation-ga! conflict .e hear ol* !eo!le re!roach the yo'ngE in the "ost "alicio's .ayE for !'tting their *esires <a carE cre*itE a loanE girl-boy relationshi!s= ahea* of their interests <.orkE sa;ingsE a goo* "arriage=. 5't .hat a!!ears to other !eo!le as ra. *esire still contains co"!le>es of *esire an* interestE an* a "i>t're of for"s of *esire an* of interest that are s!ecifically reactionary an* ;ag'ely re;ol'tionary. The sit'ation is co"!letely "'**le*. /t see"s that schi(oanalysis can "ake 'se only of in*ices-the "achinic in*ices-in or*er to *iscernE at the le;el of gro'!s or in*i;i*'alsE the libi*inal in;est"ents of the social fiel*. No. in this res!ect it is se>'ality that constit'tes the in*ices. Not that the re;ol'tionary ca!acity can be e;al'ate* in ter"s of the ob2ectsE the ai"sE or the so'rces of the se>'al *ri;es ani"ating an in*i;i*'al or a gro'!L ass're*ly !er;ersionsE an* e;en se>'al e"anci!ationE gi;e no !ri;ilege as long as se>'ality re"ains confine* .ithin the fra"e.ork of the J*irty little secret.J /t is in ;ain that the secret is !'blishe*E that one *e"an*s oneNs right to be hear*L it can e;en be *isinfecte*E treate* in a !sychoanalytic or scientific "annerE yet thereby one stan*s a greater chance of killing *esireE or of in;enting for"s of liberation for it *rearier than the "ost re!ressi;e !rison-as long as one has not s'ccee*e* in resc'ing se>'ality fro" the category of secretsE e;en if !'blicE e;en if *isinfecte*I i.e.E as long as it &age $$ of 10+ All free minds to the front

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has not been resc'e* fro" the 9e*i!al-narcissistic origin i"!ose* on it as the lie 'n*er .hich it can "erely beco"e cynicalE sha"ef'lE an* "ortifie*. /t is a lie to clai" to liberate se>'alityE an* to *e"an* its rights to ob2ectsE ai"sE an* so'rcesE all the .hile "aintaining the corres!on*ing flo.s .ithin the li"its of an 9e*i!al co*e <conflictE regressionE resol'tionE s'bli"ation of 9e*i!'s=E an* .hile contin'ing to i"!ose a fa"ilialist an* "ast'rbatory for" or "oti;ation on it that "akes any !ers!ecti;e of liberation f'tile in a*;ance. For e>a"!leE no Jgay liberation "o;e"entJ is !ossible as long as ho"ose>'ality is ca'ght '! in a relation of e>cl'si;e *is2'nction .ith heterose>'alityE a relation that ascribes the" both to a co""on 9e*i!al an* castrating stockE charge* .ith ens'ring only their *ifferentiation in t.o nonco""'nicating seriesE instea* of bringing to light their reci!rocal incl'sion an* their trans;erse co""'nication in the *eco*e* flo.s of *esire <incl'*e* *i2'nctionsE local connectionsE no"a*ic con2'nctions=. /n shortE se>'al re!ressionE "ore insistent than e;erE .ill s'r;i;e all the !'blicationsE *e"onstrationsE e"anci!ationsE an* !rotests concerning the liberty of se>'al ob2ectsE so'rcesE an* ai"sE as long as se>'ality is ke!t-conscio'sly or not-.ithin narcissisticE 9e*i!alE an* castrating co-or*inates that are eno'gh to ens're the tri'"!h of the "ost rigoro's censorsE the gray gentle"en "entione* by a.rence.

Psychoanalysis s(!!resses $esire as a 0$irty little secret1 to be ke!t hi$$en. <(r libi$os $irectly interact )ith the social fiel$& freein% $esire fro' the <e$i!al yoke 'akes chan%e !ossible.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $41-$4$H What *oes !sychoanalysis *oE an* first of all .hat *oes Fre'* *oE if not "aintain se>'ality 'n*er the "orbi* yoke of the little secretE .hile fin*ing "e*ical "eans for ren*ering it !'blicE for "aking it into an o!en secretE the analytic 9e*i!'sU We are tol*E See hereE it@s K'ite nor"alE e;erybo*yNs like thatEJ b't one contin'es to e"brace the sa"e h'"iliating an* *egra*ing conce!tion of se>'alityE the sa"e fig'rati;e conce!tion as the censors3 . /t is certain that !sychoanalysis has not "a*e its !ictorial re;ol'tion. There is a hy!othesis *ear to Fre'*I the libi*o *ocs not in;est the social fiel* as s'ch e>ce!t on con*ition that it be *ese>'ali(e* an* s'bli"ate*. /f he hol*s so closely to this hy!othesisE it is beca'se he .ants abo;e all to kee! se>'ality in the li"ite* fra"e.ork of Narciss's an* 9e*i!'sE the ego an* the fa"ily. ConseK'entlyE e;ery se>'al libi*inal in;est"ent ha;ing a social *i"ension see"s to hi" to testify to a !athogenic stateE a Jfi>ationJ in narcissis"E or a JregressionJ to 9e*i!'s an* to the !re-oe*i!al stagesE by "eans of .hich ho"ose>'ality .ill be e>!laine* as a reinforce* *ri;eE an* !aranoia as a "eans of *efense.4# We ha;e seen on the contrary that .hat the libi*o in;este*E thro'gh its lo;es an* se>'alityE .as the social fiel* itself in its econo"icE !oliticalE historicalE racialE an* c'lt'ral *eter"inationsI in *eliri'" the libi*o is contin'ally re-creating OistoryE continentsE king*o"sE racesE an* c'lt'res. Not that it is a*;isable to !'t historical re!resentations in the !lace of the fa"ilial re!resentations of the Fre'*ian 'nconscio'sE or e;en the archety!es of a collecti;e 'nconscio's. /t is "erely a K'estion of ascertaining that o'r choices in "atters of lo;e are at the crossroa*s of J;ibrationsEJ .hich is to say that they e>!ress connectionsE *is2'nctionsE an* con2'nctions of flo.s that cross thro'gh a societyE entering an* lea;ing itE linking it '! .ith other societiesE ancient or conte"!oraryE re"ote or ;anishe*E *ea* or yet to be born. 8fricas an* 9rientsE al.ays follo.ing the 'n*ergro'n* threa* of the libi*o. Not geohistorical fig'res or stat'esE altho'gh o'r a!!renticeshi! is "ore rea*ily acco"!lishe* .ith these fig'resE .ith booksE historiesE an* re!ro*'ctionsE than .ith o'r "o""y. 5't flo.s an* co*es of soci's that *o not !ortray anythingE that "erely designate (ones of libi*inal intensity on the bo*y .itho't organsE an* that are e"itte*E ca!t're*E interce!te* by the being that .e are then *eter"ine* to lo;eE like a !oint-signE a sing'lar !oint in the entire net.ork of the intensi;e bo*y that res!on*s to OistoryE that ;ibrates .ith it. Ne;er .as Fre'* "ore a*;ent'ro's than in -radiva. /n shortE o'r libi*inal in;est"ents of the social fiel*E reactionary or re;ol'tionaryE are so .ell hi**enE so 'nconscio'sE so .ell "aske* by the !reconscio's in;est"entsE that they a!!ear only in o'r se>'al choices of lo;ers. 8 lo;e is not reactionary or re;ol'tionaryE b't it is the in*e> of the reactionary or re;ol'tionary character of the social in;est"ents of the libi*o. The *esiring se>'al relationshi!s of "an an* .o"an <or of "an an* "anE or .o"an an* .o"an= are the in*e> of social relationshi!s bet.een !eo!le. o;e an* se>'ality are the e>!onents or the in*icatorsE this ti"e 'nconscio'sE of the libi*inal in;est"ents or the social fiel*. E;ery lo;e* or *esire* being ser;es as a collecti;e agent of en'nciation. 8n* it is certainly notE as Fre'* belie;e*E the libi*o that "'st be *ese>'ali(e* an* s'bli"ate* in or*er to in;est society an* its flo.sL on the contraryE it is lo;eE *esireE an* their flo.s that "anifest the *irectly social character of the nons'bli"ate* libi*o an* its se>'al in;est"ents. &age $4 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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es!ite the str(ct(ralist c(rrent in !sychoanalysis& <e$i!(s has retaine$ its s(b4(%atin% ele'ents.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 1359 GFSli>E CThe &oor 0an@s Co'chEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 14)-160H 9ne co'l* ass'"e that these criticis"s only ai" at a certain ty!e of !sychoanalysis an* are not concerne* .ith the !resent str'ct'ralist c'rrentE insofar as it no longer affir"s the reliance of inter!retation on !ara*ig"s of contentMas .as the case .ith the classic theory of !arental co"!le>esMb't rather on an inter!lay of 'ni;ersal signifiersE in*e!en*ent of any "eanings they "ay carry. 5't can one belie;e str'ct'ralist !sychoanalysts .hen they clai" to ha;e reno'nce* sha!ing an* translating the !ro*'ction of *esireU The 'nconscio's of ortho*o> Fre'*ians .as organi(e* in co"!le>es that crystalli(e* the libi*o on heterogeneo's ele"entsI biologicalE fa"ilialE socialE ethicalE etc. The 9e*i!al co"!le>E for e>a"!leE a!art fro" its real or i"aginary tra'"atic co"!onentsE .as fo'n*e* on the *i;ision of the se>es an* age gro'!s. 9ne .o'l* think it .as a "atterE thenE of ob2ecti;e bases in relation to .hich the libi*o ha* to e>!ress an* finali(e itselfE .ith the conseK'ence thatE e;en to*ayE K'estioning the Ce;i*enceF a!!ears co"!letely ina!!ro!riate to so"e. 8n* yetE e;eryone kno.s abo't n'"ero's sit'ations in .hich the libi*o ref'ses these so-calle* ob2ecti;e basesE .here it esche.s the *i;ision of the se>esE .here it ignores !rohibitions linke* to the se!aration of age gro'!sE .here it "i>es !eo!le togetherE as if for the sake of itE .here it ten*s to syste"atically a;oi* e>cl'si;e o!!ositions of s'b2ecti;e an* ob2ecti;eE self an* other. 9rtho*o> !sychoanalysts belie;e that it is only a "atter of !er;erseE "arginalE or !athological sit'ations reK'iring inter!retation an* a*a!tation. acanian str'ct'ralis" .as originally fo'n*e* in reaction to these Cab'sesEF to this naV;e realis"E !artic'larly regar*ing K'estions abo't narcissis" an* !sychosis. /t inten*e* to ra*ically break .ith a c'rati;e !ractice 'niK'ely centere* on resha!ing the self. 5't in *enat'rali(ing the 'nconscio'sE in liberating these ob2ects fro" an all-too-constraining !sychogenesisE in str'ct'ring the" Clike a lang'age.F $ /t hasn@t s'ccee*e* in breaking its !ersonological "oorings or o!ening '! to the social fiel*E to cos"ic an* se"iological flo.s of all kin*s. 9ne no longer s'b"its these !ro*'ctions of *esire to the .hole battery of 2'nk roo" co"!le>esE yet one still clai"s to inter!ret each connection thro'gh the 'niK'e logic of the signifier. 9ne has reno'nce* s'""ary inter!retations of content <Cthe '"brella "eans...F= an* the stages of *e;elo!"ent <the fa"o's Cret'rnsF to oralE anal stagesE etc.=. /t is no longer a K'estion of the father an* the "other. No. one talks abo't the Cna"e of the fatherEF the !hall'sE an* the great 9ther of the sy"bolic castrationE yet .itho't getting one ste! nearer to the "icro!olitics of *esire on .hich is fo'n*e*E in each !artic'lar sit'ationE the social *ifferentiation of the se>esE the alienation of the chil*. 8s far as .e are concerne*E the str'ggles of *esire sho'l* not 2'st be circ'"scribe* in the *o"ain of the signifierMe;en in the case of a C!'reF signifying ne'rosisE like obsessional ne'rosis. They al.ays o;erflo. into so"aticE socialE an* econo"ic *o"ainsE etc. 8n* 'nless one belie;es the signifier is fo'n* in e;erything an* anythingE one "ay as .ell a*"it that the role of the 'nconscio's has been sing'larly restraine* in or*er to consi*er it only fro" the angle of the signifying chains it acti;ates. 4The 'nconscio's is str'ct're* like a lang'ageEF acan tells 's. Certainly. 5't by .ho"U 5y the fa"ilyE the schoolE the barracksE the factoryE the cine"aE an*E in s!ecial casesE by !sychiatry an* !sychoanalysis .hen one has fi>e* itE s'ccee*e* in cr'shing the !oly;ocity of its se"iotic "o*es of e>!ressionE bo'n* it to a certain ty!e of se"iological "achineE then yesE it en*s '! being str'ct're* like a lang'age. /t re"ains fairly *ocile. /t starts s!eaking the lang'age of the *o"inant systernE .hich isE "oreo;erE not e;ery*ay lang'ageE b't a s!ecialE s'bli"ate*E !sychoanaly(e* lang'age. Not only has *esire co"e to acce!t its alienation .ithin the signifying chainsE b't it kee!s *e"an*ing "ore an* "ore signifier. /t no longer .ants to ha;e anything to *o .ith the rest of the .orl* an* its "o*es of se"ioti(ation. 8ny tro'bling !roble" .ill fin* thereE if not its sol'tionE at least a co"forting s's!ension in the inter!lay of the signifier. Bn*er s'ch con*itionsE .hat beco"esE for e>a"!leE of the age-ol* alienation of .o"en by "enU For the signifierE as it is concei;e* by ling'istsE only ne'tral an* innocent traces s'ch as the o!!osition of "asc'line%fe"inineE an* for the !sychoanalystsE the "irages that !lay aro'n* the !resence%absence of the !hall's. /n factE for each ty!e of ling'istic !erfor"anceE for each C*egree of gra""aticalityF of an SnoncSE there is a corres!on*ing for"ation of !o.er. The str'ct're of the signifier is ne;er co"!letely re*'cible to !'re "athe"atical logicL it is al.ays !artly bo'n* by *i;erseE re!ressi;e social "achines. 9nly then can a theory of 'ni;ersalsE both in ling'istics an* econo"icsE in anthro!ology an* &age $4 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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!sychoanalysis be an obstacle to any real e>!loration of the 'nconscio'sE i.e.E all kin*s of se"iotic constellationsE connections of flo.sE !o.er relations an* constraints that constit'te the arrange"ents of *esire.

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Link Sec(riti*ation
A!!eals to sec(rity $isco(rse are ho!elessly fla)e$. They are like the ne(rotic )ho )ill search e#ery a#en(e not to e3!erience anythin% in or$er to control life. This sec(riti*ation a'o(nts to a her$ instinct.
See'E 1355 G0arkE /ntro*'ction to Anti-OedipusE &. >;iH /n confronting an* finally o;ert'rning the 9e*i!al rock on .hich 0an has chosen to take his stan*E AntiOedipus co"es as a kin* of seK'el to another si"ilar ;ent'reE the attack on ChristE ChristianityE an* the her* in Niet(scheNs The Anti hrist. For .ho .o'l* *enyE AntiOedipus beginsE that !sychoanalysis .as fro" the startE still isE an* !erha!s al.ays .ill be a .ell-constit'te* ch'rch an* a for" of treat"ent base* on a set of beliefs that only the ;ery faithf'l co'l* a*here toE ie.E those .ho belie;e in a sec'rity that a"o'nts to being lost in the her* an* *efine* in ter"s of co""on an* e>ternal goalsU 5't .here *o s'ch beliefs originateU What are they base* onU For it is absol'tely ho!eless to think in ter"s of sec'rityE as 0iller states in 1exus/ Jthere is none. The "an .ho looks for sec'rityE e;en in the "in*E is like a "an .ho .o'l* cho! off his li"bs in or*er to ha;e artificial ones .hich .ill gi;e hi" no !ain or tro'bleJ <!age 4#+=. No !ainE no tro'ble-this is the ne'roticNs *rea" of a tranK'ili(e* an* conflict-free e>istence. S'ch a set of beliefsE ,ele'(e an* 7'attari *e"onstrateE s'ch a her* instinctE is base* on the *esire to be le*E the *esire to ha;e so"eone else legislate life. The ;ery *esire that .as bro'ght so glaringly into foc's in E'ro!e .ith OitlerE 0'ssoliniE an* fascis"L the *esire that is still at .orkE "aking 's all sickE to*ay. 8nti-9e*i!'s starts by re;i;ing :eichNs co"!letely serio's K'estion .ith res!ect to the rise of fascis"I NOo. co'l* the "asses be "a*e to *esire their o.n re!ressionUN This is a K'estion .hich the English an* 8"ericans are rel'ctant to *eal .ith *irectlyE ten*ing too often to res!on*I JFascis" is a !heno"enon that took !lace else.hereE so"ething that co'l* only ha!!en to othersE b't not to 'sL itNs their !roble".J /s it tho'ghU /s fascis" really a !roble" for others to *eal .ithU E;en re;ol'tionary gro'!s *eal gingerly .ith the fascisi(ing ele"ents .e all carry *ee! .ithin 'sE an* yet they often !ossess a rarely analy(e* b't o;erri*ing gro'! Ns'!eregoN that lea*s the" to stateE "'ch like Niet(scheNs "an of ressenti"entE that the other is e;il <the FascistQ the Ca!italistQ the Co""'nistQ=E an* hence that they the"sel;es are goo*. This concl'sion is reache* as an aftertho'ght an* a 2'stificationE a s'!re"ely self-righteo's rationali(ation for a !olitics that can only JsK'intJ at lifeE thro'gh the thick clo'*s of fo'ls"elling air that !er"eates secret "eeting !laces an* Jsec'rityJ co'ncils. The "an of ressenti"entE as Niet(sche e>!lainsE Jlo;es hi*ing !lacesE secret !aths an* back *oorsE e;erything co;ert entices hi" as his .orl*E his sec'rityE his refresh"entL he 'n*erstan*s ho. to kee! silentE ho. not to forgetE ho. to .aitE ho. to be !ro;isionally self-*e!recating an* h'"ble.JU S'ch a "anE Niet(sche concl'*esE nee*s ;ery "'ch to belie;e in so"e ne'tralE in*e!en*ent Js'b2ectJ the ego for he is !ro"!te* by an instinct of self-affir"ation an* self!reser;ation that cares little abo't !reser;ing or affir"ing lifeE an instinct Jin .hich e;ery lie is sanctifie*.UJ This is the real" of the silent "a2ority. 8n* it is into these back roo"sE behin* the close* *oors of the analystNs officeE in the .ings of the 9e*i!al theaterE that ,ele'(e an* 7'attari .ea;e their .ayE e>clai"ing as *oes Niet(sche that it s"ells ba* thereE an* that .hat is nee*e* is Ja breath of fresh airE a relationshi! .ith the o'tsi*e .orl*.J

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Link E$(cation
<e$i!(s has coloni*e$ e$(cation )illf(lly attacks yo(r re$(cti#e !olitical analysis& )e free e$(cation fro' <e$i!(s" ne(rotic %ras!s. =f )e contin(e )ith yo(r e$(cation& )e"ll only contin(e in the $e!ressi#e tone of life.
See'E 1355 G0arkE /ntro*'ction to Anti-Oedipus0 apitalism and 1chizophreniaE !. >>H To be anti-oe*i!al is to be anti-ego as .ell as anti-ho"oE .illf'lly attacking all re*'cti;e !sychoanalytic an* !olitical analyses that re"ain ca'ght .ithin the s!here of totality an* 'nityE in or*er to free the "'lti!licity of *esire fro" the *ea*ly ne'rotic an* 9e*i!al yoke. For 9e*i!'s is not a "ere !sychoanalytic constr'ctE ,ele'(e an* 7'attari e>!lain. 9e*i!'s is the fig'rehea* of i"!erialis"E Jcoloni(ation !'rs'e* by other "eansE it is the interior colonyE an* .e shall see that e;en here at ho"e ... it is o'r inti"ate colonial e*'cation.J This internali(ation of "an by "anE this Joe*i!ali(ationEJ creates a ne. "eaning for S'fferingE internal s'fferingE an* a ne. tone for lifeI the *e!ressi;e tone. No. *e!ression *oes not 2'st co"e abo't one fine *ayE AntiOedipus goes onE nor *oes 9e*i!'s a!!ear one *ay in the Fa"ily an* feel sec're in re"aining there. ,e!ression an* 9e*i!'s are agencies of the StateE agencies of !aranoiaE agencies of !o.erE long before being *elegate* to the fa"ily. 9e*i!'s is the fig're of !o.er as s'chE 2'st as ne'rosis is the res'lt of !o.er on in*i;i*'als. 9e*i!'s is e;ery.here.

<e$i!(s is a coloni*in% force& infectin% e$(cation.

ele(*e an$ +(attariE res!ecti;ely a !rofessor of !hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of &aris at 6incennes an* &sychoanalystE 13,: G7illes an* Feli>E Anti Oedipus0 apitalism and 1chizophreniaE &. 163-1)0H 8fter allE ho. are .e to 'n*erstan* those .ho clai" to ha;e *isco;ere* an /n*ian 9e*i!'s or an 8frican 9e*i!'sU They are the first to a*"it that they re-enco'nter none of the "echanis"s or attit'*es that constit'te o'r o.n 9e*i!'s <o'r o.n !res'"e* 9e*i!'s=. No "atterE they say that the str'ct're is thereE altho'gh it has no e>istence .hate;er that is Jaccessible to clinical !racticeJL or that the !roble"E the !oint of *e!art'reE is in*ee* 9e*i!alE altho'gh the *e;elo!"ents an* the sol'tions are co"!letely *ifferent fro" o'rs <&arinE 9rtig'es=. They say that Jthere is no en* to the e>istence of this 9e*i!'sEJ .hen in fact it *oes not e;en ha;e <a!art fro" coloni(ation= the necessary con*itions to begin to e>ist. /f it is tr'e that tho'ght can be e;al'ate* in ter"s of the *egree of oe*i!ali(ationE then yesE .hites think too "'ch. The co"!etenceE the honestyE an* the talent of these a'thors !sychoanalysts s!eciali(ing in 8frica are beyon* K'estion. 5't the sa"e a!!lies to the" as to certain !sychothera!ists hereI it .o'l* see" that they *onNt kno. .hat they are *oing. We ha;e !sychothera!ists .ho sincerely belie;e they are engage* in !rogressi;e .ork .hen they a!!ly ne. "etho*s for triang'lating the chil*I b't .atch o't a str'ct'ral 9e*i!'sE an* this ti"e it isnNt i"aginaryQ The sa"e is tr'e of the !sychoanalysts in 8frica .ho a!!ly the yoke of a str'ct'ral or J!roble"aticalJ 9e*i!'sE in the ser;ice of their !rogressi;e intentions. There or hereE itNs the sa"e thingI 9e*i!'s is al.ays coloni(ation !'rs'e* by other "eansE it is the interior colonyE an* .e shall see that e;en here at ho"eE .here .e E'ro!eans are concerne*E it is o'r inti"ate colonial e*'cation.

Western tho(%ht is $o'inate$ by the arborescent an$ transcen$ent.

ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 1+-13H /t is o** ho. the tree has *o"inate* Western reality an* all of Western tho'ghtE fro" botany to biology an* anato"yE b't also gnosiologyE theologyE ontologyE all of !hiloso!hy . . . I the root-fo'n*ationE -rund, ratine, fondement. The West has a s!ecial relation to the forestE an* *eforestationL the fiel*s car;e* fro" the forest are !o!'late* .ith see* !lants !ro*'ce* by c'lti;ation base* on s!ecies lineages of the arborescent ty!eL ani"al raisingE carrie* o't on fallo. fiel*sE selects lineages for"ing an entire ani"al arborescence. The East !resents a *ifferent fig'reI a relation to the ste!!e an* the gar*en <or in so"e casesE the *esert an* the oasis=E rather than forest an* fiel*L c'lti;ation of t'bers by frag"entation of the in*i;i*'alL a casting asi*e or bracketing of ani"al raisingE .hich is confine* to close* s!aces or !'she* o't onto the ste!!es of the no"a*s. The WestI agric'lt're base* on a chosen lineage containing a large n'"ber of ;ariable in*i;i*'als. The EastI hortic'lt're base* on a s"all n'"ber of in*i;i*'als *eri;e* fro" a .i*e range of Jclones.J ,oes not the EastE 9ceania in !artic'larE &age $+ of 10+ All free minds to the front

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offer so"ething like a rhi(o"atic "o*el o!!ose* in e;ery res!ect to the Western "o*el of the treeU 8n*re Oa'*rico'rt e;en sees this as the basis for the o!!osition bet.een the "oralities or !hiloso!hies of transcen*ence *ear to the West an* the i""anent ones of the EastI the 7o* .ho so.s an* rea!sE as o!!ose* to the 7o* .ho re!lants an* 'nearths <re!lanting of offshoots ;ers's so.ing of see*s=.16 Transcen*enceI a s!ecifically E'ro!ean *isease. Neither is "'sic the sa"eE the "'sic of the earth is *ifferentE as is se>'alityI see* !lantsE e;en those .ith t.o se>es in the sa"e !lantE s'b2'gate se>'ality to the re!ro*'cti;e "o*elL the rhi(o"eE on the other han*E is a liberation of se>'ality not only fro" re!ro*'ction b't also fro" genitality. Oere in the WestE the tree has i"!lante* itself in o'r bo*iesE rigi*ifying an* stratifying e;en the se>es. We ha;e lost the rhi(o"eE or the grass. Oenry 0illerI JChina is the .ee* in the h'"an cabbage !atch. . . . The .ee* is the Ne"esis of h'"an en*ea;or.... 9f all the i"aginary e>istences .e attrib'te to !lantE beast an* star the .ee* lea*s the "ost satisfactory life of all. Tr'eE the .ee* !ro*'ces no liliesE no battleshi!sE no Ser"ons on the 0o'nt.... E;ent'ally the .ee* gets the '!!er han*. E;ent'ally things fall back into a state of China. This con*ition is 's'ally referre* to by historians as the ,ark 8ge. 7rass is the only .ay o't. . . . The .ee* e>ists only to fill the .aste s!aces left by c'lti;ate* areas. 4t grows between, a"ong other things. The lily is bea'tif'lE the cabbage is !ro;en*erE the !o!!y is "a**eningMb't the .ee* is rank gro.th . . . I it !oints a "oral.J1) Which China is 0iller talking abo'tU The ol* ChinaE the ne.E an i"aginary oneE or yet another locate* on a shifting "a!U

E$(cation is )ra!!e$ (! in ter's of $ebt& inscribin% (!on the bo$y the )ill of the soci(s.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE res!ecti;ely a !rofessor of !hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of &aris at 6incennes an* &sychoanalystE 13,: G7illes an* Feli>E Anti Oedipus0 apitalism and 1chizophreniaE &. 130H The great book of "o*ern ethnology is not so "'ch 0a'ssNs The -ift as Niet(scheNs On the -enealogy of 5orals. 8t least it sho'l* be. For the -enealogy, the secon* essayE is an atte"!t-an* a s'ccess .itho't eK'al-at inter!retating !ri"iti;e econo"y in ter"s of *ebtE in the *ebtor-cre*itor relationshi!E by eli"inating e;ery consi*eration of e>change or interest JIN/ lNanglaise.J 8n* if they are eli"inate* fro" !sychologyE it is not in or*er to !lace the" in str'ct're. Niet(sche has only a "eager set of tools at his *is!osal-so"e ancient 7er"anic la.E a little Oin*' la.. 5't he *oes not hesitateE as *oes 0a'ssE bet.een e>change an* *ebt. <7eorges 5atailleE "oti;ate* by a Niet(schean ins!irationE .ill not hesitate either.= The f'n*a"ental !roble" of the !ri"iti;e soci'sE .hich is the !roble" of inscri!tionE of co*ingE of "arkingE has ne;er been raise* in s'ch an incisi;e fashion. 0an "'st constit'te hi"self thro'gh the re!ression of the intense ger"inal infl'>E the great biocos"ic "e"ory that threatens to *el'ge e;ery atte"!t at collecti;ity. 5't at the sa"e ti"eE ho. is a ne. "e"ory to be create* for "an-a collecti;e "e"ory of the s!oken .or* an* of alliances that *eclines the alliances .ith the e>ten*e* filiationsE that en*o.s hi" .ith fac'lties of resonance an* retentionE of selection (pre6evement) an* *etach"entE an* that effects in this .ay the co*ing of the flo.s of *esire as a con*ition of the soci'sU The ans.er is si"!leE it is *ebt-o!enE "obileE an* finite blocks of *ebtI this e>traor*inary co"!osite of the s!eaking ;oiceE the "arke* bo*yE an* the en2oying eye. 8ll the st'!i*ity an* the arbitrariness of the la.sE all the !ain of the initiationsE the )hole !er#erse a!!arat(s of re!ression an$ e$(cationE the re*-hot ironsE an* the atrocio's !roce*'res ha;e only this "eaningI to breed "anEJ to "ark hi" in his fleshE to ren*er hi" ca!able of allianceE to for" hi" .ithin the *ebtor-cre*itor relationE .hich on both si*es t'rns o't to be a "atter of "e"ory a "e"ory straining to.ar* the f't're.

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Link e'an$
e'an$s are (se$ to 4(stify societal str(ct(res. .y screa'in% for reco%nition& the s(b4ect sit(ates itself in relation to society.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 1)0-1)1H Oo. are .e to 'n*erstan* the !hrases .ith .hich 0. C. an* E*"on* 9rtig'es concl'*e their bookU J/llness is consi*ere* as a sign of an electionE of a s!ecial attention co"ing fro" s'!ernat'ral !o.ersE or as a sign of an aggression of a "agical nat'reE an i*ea that is *iffic'lt to e>!ress in !rofane ter"s. 8nalytic !sychothera!y can inter;ene only starting fro" the "o"ent a *e"an* can be for"'late* by the s'b2ect. 9'r entire research .as therefore con*itione* by the !ossibility of establishing a !sychoanalytic *o"ain. When a s'b2ect a*here* f'lly to the tra*itional nor"s an* ha* nothing to say in his o.n na"eE he allo.e* hi"self to be taken into the care of the tra*itional thera!ists an* the fa"ilial gro'!E or into that of the "e*ical !ractice of N"e*icines.N 8t ti"esE the fact that he .ante* to s!eak to 's abo't tra*itional treat"ents corres!on*e* to a beginning of !sychothera!y an* beca"e for hi" a "eans of sit'ating hi"self !ersonally in his o.n societyW8t other ti"esE the analytic *ialog'e .as able to 'nfol* to a greater e>tentE an* in this case the 9e*i!al !roble" ten*e* to ass'"e its *iachronic *i"ensionE ca'sing the generation ga! to a!!ear.J## Why think that s'!ernat'ral !o.ers an* "agical aggressions constit'te a "yth that is inferior to 9e*i!'sU 9n the contraryE is it not tr'e that they "o;e *esire in the *irection of "ore intense an* "ore a*eK'ate in;est"ents of the social fiel*E in its organi(ation as .ell as its *isorgani(ationsU 0eyer Fortes at least sho.e* RobNs !lace besi*e 9e*i!'s. 8n* .hat entitles one to *eter"ine that the s'b2ect has nothing to say in his o.n na"e so long as he a*heres to the tra*itional nor"sU ,oesnNt the N*e"b' c're *e"onstrate 2'st the o!!ositeU Co'l* it not be sai* that 9e*i!'s is also a tra*itional nor"-o'r o.nE to be e>actU Oo. can one say that 9e*i!'s "akes 's s!eak in o'r o.n na"eE .hen one also goes on to say that its resol'tion teaches 's Jthe inc'rable ina*eK'acy of beingJ an* 'ni;ersal castrationU 8n* .hat is this J*e"an*J that is in;oke* to 2'stify 9e*i!'sU /t goes .itho't sayingE the s'b2ect *e"an*s an* re*e"an*s *a**y-"o""yI b't .hich s'b2ectE an* in .hat stateU /s that the "eans Jto sit'ate oneself !ersonally in oneNs o.n societyJU 8n* .hich societyU The neocoloni(e* society that is constr'cte* for the s'b2ectE an* that finally s'ccee*s in .hat coloni(ation .as only able to o'tlineI an effecti;e re*'ction of the forces of *esire to 9e*i!'sE to a fatherNs na"eE in the grotesK'e triangleU

The sa'e lo%ic that allo)s one to confer i$entity allo)s it to be re'o#e$.
La'bertE &rofessor of English at the Bni;ersity of Syrac'seE #0-7 G7reggE C8gainst :eligion <Witho't C:eligionF=I 8 Ne. :ationalist :e!ly to Rohn ,. Ca!'to@s On $eligionEF %ournal for ultural and $eligious TheoryE ;ol. 4 no. #H What "'st ha;e terrifie* Wright an* "oti;ate* hi" to res!on* .ith s'ch serio'sness to Silko@s anec*ote abo't the *eath of their !et rooster .as !robably containe* in her last re"arkI CThere are no li"its to o'r lo;e.F / .ill "o*ify this !hrase in or*er to rea* it the .ay Wright ha* "ost likely 'n*erstoo* itI CThere are no li"its to o'r 'nconscio's *e"an* for the lo;e of another. Nothing an* no-one it see"sE fro" an ato" all the .ay to a 7o*E can esca!e this insane *e"an*.F /n "o*ern 'rban societiesE in !artic'larE the *ifferent e>!ressions of this *e"an* are linke* to the social !ro*'ction of a Cnon-kno.le*geF that *aily threatens the in*i;i*'al i*entity on all si*es an* can be inferre* fro" the "ost co""on an* e;ery*ay occ'rrences of anony"ityE !ersonal or collecti;e forgettingE en"ityE *enialE o!!ressionE an* estrange"ent <or social alienation=. These are the i"!licate for"s of an 'nconscio's or*er that con*itions the "ost K'oti*ian relationshi!sE "arking a social !resent for the in*i;i*'al .hose i*entity is bor*ere* on each si*e by a threat of extinction. CAo' are either for usEF a certain gro'!E classE or social cell "ight sayE Cor yo' *on@t e>ist. CAo' are nothing for 's an*E conseK'entlyE no-one.F Silently an* 'nre"arkablyE this &ither'Or constit'tes .hat / .o'l* call Cthe social !resent tenseEF an* e;en re!resents a *o"inant factor of sociali(ationE one .hich can be fo'n* at the heart of e;ery e>ten*e* fa"ilyE e;ery !rofessional organi(ationE e;ery .ork!laceE cocktail !artyL e;ery school or 'ni;ersityE organi(e* religionE ethnic or !olitical co""'nity. The ;ery existence of the "o*ern in*i;i*'alE an e>istence .hich can only be establishe* fro" the stan*!oint of the recognition by othersE is sha!e* by a contin'o's force of nihilation that effecti;ely *eci*esE in the case of each !artic'larE the K'estion Cto beE or not to beF in the "ost *ecisi;e "anner. /n its e>tre"e e>!ressionsE this force of nihilation "'st be bro'ght into contact .ith the "ore collecti;e e>!ressions of social hatre* <or en"ity=E !olitical re!ressionE an* e;en .ith a certain genoci*al *esire that lies at the basis of "ost historical &age 40 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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societies. /ronicallyE .e ha;e e;en co"e to *isco;er that often the ;ery !rinci!le that Cgi;esF the in*i;i*'al her i*entity an* bin*s this i*entity to a collecti;e i*entification <one .hich is 2'st as "'ch for the gro'! as it is for the in*i;i*'al=E is the sa"e !rinci!le that also 'n*erlies the strange an* !ara*o>ical logic that "akes the hatre* of strangers an* the !ersec'tion of selecte* CothersF .ith the threat of e>tinction an* non-i*entity an ine;itable conseK'ence.

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Link Lan%(a%e
There )ill ine#itably be $ifferent rea$in%s of the resol(tion& an$ this sho(l$n"t sto! (s fro' $isc(ssin% all as!ects of it. This $ifference 'ay be ine#itable& b(t the e3cl(sionary as!ects of it are not.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE res!ecti;ely a !rofessor of !hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of &aris at 6incennes an* &sychoanalystE 13,: G7illes an* Feli>E 8nti 9e*i!'sI Ca!italis" an* Schi(o!hreniaE &. #0)-#0+H There is no ling'istic fiel* .itho't bi'ni;ocal relations-.hether bet.een i*eogra!hic an* !honetic ;al'esE or bet.een artic'lations of *ifferent le;elsE "one"es an* !hone"es-that finally ens're the in*e!en*ence an* the linearity of the *eterritoriali(e* signs. 5't s'ch a fiel* re"ains *efine* by a transcen*enceE e;en .hen one consi*ers this transcen*ence as an absence or an e"!ty loc'sE !erfor"ing the necessary fol*ingsE le;elings (rabattements), an* s'bor*inations-a transcen*ence .hence iss'es thro'gho't the syste" the inartic'late "aterial fl'> in .hich this transcen*ence o!eratesE o!!osesE selectsE an* co"binesI the signifier. /t is c'rio'sE thereforeE that one can sho. so .ell the ser;it'*e of the "asses .ith res!ect to the "ini"al ele"ents of the sign .ithin the i""anence of lang'ageE .itho't sho.ing ho. the *o"ination is e>ercise* thro'gh an* in the transcen*ence of the signifier.X ThereE ho.e;erE as else.hereE an irre*'cible e>teriority of conK'est asserts itself. For if lang'age itself *oes not !res'!!ose conK'estE the le;eling o!erations (les operations de rabattement) that constit'te .ritten lang'age in*ee* !res'!!ose t.o inscri!tions that *o not s!eak the sa"e lang'ageI t.o lang'ages (langages), one of "astersE the other of sla;es. Rean No'gayrol *escribes 2'st s'ch a sit'ationI JFor the S'"eriansE Ga gi;en signH is .aterL the S'"erians rea* this sign a , .hich signifies .ater in S'"erian. 8n 8kka*ian co"es along an* asks his S'"erian "asterI .hat is this signU The S'"erian re!liesI thatNs a. The 8kka*ian takes this sign for aE an* on this !oint there is no longer any relationshi! bet.een the sign an* .aterE .hich in 8kka*ian is calle* "il. ... / belie;e that the !resence of the 8kka*ians *eter"ine* the !honetici(ation of the .riting syste" ... an* that the contact of t.o !eo!les is al"ost necessary before the s!ark of a ne. .riting can s!ring forth.J44

Ca!italis' 'o#es by )ay of $o'inatin% o(r )ays of s!eakin%. Lan%(a%e is al)ays 'eas(re$ a%ainst a stan$ar$s syste' that len$s i$entity to the s!eaker. We '(st o!!ose ca!italis'"s ob4ects& the e3ternal re'nants of its !o)er.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 1359 GFSli>E C,esire is &o.erE &o.er is ,esireE C1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &.13-#0H Syste"s of signification are al.ays linke* .ith for"ations of !o.er an* each ti"e the for"ations of !o.er inter;ene in or*er to !ro;i*e the significations an* the significati;e beha;iorsE the goal is al.ays to hierarchi(e the"E to organi(e an* "ake the" co"!atible .ith a central for"ation of !o.erE .hich is that of the stateE of ca!italist !o.er "e*iate* by the e>istence of a national lang'ageE the national lang'age being the "achine of a syste" of general la. that is *ifferentiate* into as "any !artic'lar lang'ages as .ill s!ecify the !artic'lar !ositions of each one. The national lang'age is the instr'"ent of translatability .hich s!ecifies each !erson@s .ay of s!eaking. 8n i""igrant *oes not s!eak the sa"e .ay as a teacherE as a .o"anE as a "anagerE etc.E b't in any case each is !rofile* against a syste" of general translatability. / *o not belie;e one sho'l* se!arate f'nctions of trans"issionE of co""'nicationE of lang'ageE or the f'nctions of the !o.er of la.. /t is the sa"e ty!e of instr'"ent that instit'tes a la. of synta>E that instit'tes an econo"ic la.E a la. of e>changeE a la. of labor *i;ision an* alienationE of e>tortionE of s'r!l's ;al'e. 8n* yet / a" so talkati;e "yself that / *on@t see ho. one co'l* acc'se "e of *enying lang'age an* !o.er. /t .o'l* be abs'r* to go to .ar against !o.er in general. 9n the contraryE certain ty!es of !olitics of !o.erE certain ty!es of arrange"ents of !o.erE certain 'ses of lang'ageE notably national lang'agesE are nor"ali(e* in the conte>t of an historical sit'ationE .hich i"!lies the sei('re of !o.er by a certain ling'istic casteE the *estr'ction of *ialectsE the re2ection of s!ecial lang'ages of all kin*s !rofessional as .ell as infantile or fe"inine <see :obin akoff@s st'*y= / think that is .hat ha!!ens. /t .o'l* be abs'r* to o!!ose *esire an* !o.er. ,esire is !o.erL !o.er is *esire. What is at iss'e is .hat ty!e of !olitics is !'rs'e* .ith regar* to *ifferent ling'istic arrange"ents that e>ist. 5eca'seMan* this see"s essential to "eMca!italist an* b'rea'cratic socialist !o.er infiltrate an* inter;ene in all "o*es of in*i;i*'al se"ioti(ation to*ayE it !rocee*s "ore thro'gh se"iotic s'b2'gation than thro'gh *irect s'b2'gation by the !oliceE or by e>!licit 'se of !hysical &age 4# of 10+ All free minds to the front

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!ress're. Ca!italist !o.er in2ects a "icrofascis" into all the attit'*es of the in*i;i*'alsE into their relation to !erce!tionE to the bo*yE to chil*renE to se>'al !artnersE etc. /f a str'ggle can be le* against the ca!italist syste"E it can only be *oneE in "y o!inionE thro'gh co"bining a str'ggle .ith ;isibleE e>ternal ob2ecti;esM against the !o.er of the bo'rgeoisieE against its instit'tions an* syste"s of e>!loitationE .ith a thoro'gh 'n*erstan*ing of all the se"iotic infiltrations on .hich ca!ital is base*. ConseK'entlyE each ti"e one *etects an area of str'ggle against b'rea'cracy in the organi(ationsE against refor"ist !oliticsE etc.E one "'st also see 2'st ho. "'ch .e o'rsel;es are conta"inate* byE are carriers ofE this "icrofascis".

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Link 2 La)
The la) f(nctions as constant castration& o!eratin% )ithin the sy'bolic re%ister.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #6)-#6+H 9e*i!'s .o'l* be nothing if the sy"bolic !osition of an ob2ect fro" on highE in the *es!otic "achineE *i* not first "ake !ossible the fol*ing an* flattening o!erations that .ill constit'te 9e*i!'s in the "o*ern social fiel*I the triang'lationNs cause. Whence the e>tre"e i"!ortance-b't also the in*eter"inate nat'reE the non*eci*ability-of the arg'"ent a*;ance* by !sychoanalysisNs "ost !rofo'n* inno;atorE .hich "akes the *is!lace* li"it !ass bet.een the Sy"bolic an* the /"aginaryE bet.een sy"bolic castration an* i"aginary 9e*i!'s. For castration in the or*er of the *es!otic signifierE as the la. of the *es!ot or the effect of the ob2ect fro" on highE is in reality the for"al con*ition of the 9e*i!al i"ages that .ill be *e!loye* in the fiel* of i""anence left 'nco;ere* by the .ith*ra.al of the signifier. / reach *esire .hen / arri;e at castrationQ What *oes the *esire-castration eK'ation signifyE if not in fact a !ro*igio's o!eration that consists in re!lacing *esire 'n*er the la. of the *es!otE in intro*'cing lack there at the *ee!est le;elsE an* in resc'ing 's fro" 9e*i!'s by "eans of a fantastic regression. 8 fantastic an* brilliant regressionI so"eone ha* to *o itE Jno one hel!e* "eEJ as acan saysE to shake loose the yoke of 9e*i!'s an* carry it to the !oint of its a'tocritiK'e. 5't it is like the story of the :esistance fighters .hoE .anting to *estroy a !ylonE balance* the !lastic charges so .ell that the !ylon ble. '! an* fell back into its hole. Fro" the Sy"bolic to the /"aginaryE fro" castration to 9e*i!'sE an* fro" the *es!otic age to ca!italis"E in;ersely there is the !rogress lea*ing to the .ith*ra.al of the o;erseeing an* o;erco*ing ob2ect fro" on highE .hich gi;es .ay to a social fiel* of i""anence .here the *eco*e* flo.s !ro*'ce i"ages an* le;el the" *o.n. Whence the t.o as!ects of the signifierI a barre* transcen*ent signifier taken in a "a>i"'" that *istrib'tes lackE an* an i""anent syste" of relations bet.een "ini"al ele"ents that co"e to fill the 'nco;ere* fiel* <so"e.hat si"ilarE in tra*itional ter"sE to the .ay one goes fro" the &ar"eni*ean 5eing to the ato"s of ,e"ocrit's=.

The la) tells (s )hat )e $esire by forbi$$in% it& tho(%h )e 'ay not ha#e act(ally )ante$ it in the first !lace.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 114-114H The la. tells 'sI Ao' .ill not "arry yo'r "otherE an* yo' .ill not kill yo'r father. 8n* .e *ocile s'b2ects say to o'rsel;esI so thatNs .hat / .ante*Q Will it e;er be s's!ecte* that the la. *iscre*its-an* has an interest in *iscre*iting an* *isgracing-the !erson it !res'"es to be g'iltyE the !erson the la. .ants to be g'ilty an* .ants to be "a*e to feel g'iltyU 9ne acts as if it .ere !ossible to concl'*e *irectly fro" !sychic re!ression the nat're of the re!resse*E an* fro" the !rohibition the nat're of .hat is !rohibite*. There .e ha;e a ty!ical !aralogis"yet anotherE a fo'rth !aralogis" that .e shall ha;e to call displacement. For .hat really takes !lace is that the la. !rohibits so"ething that is !erfectly fictitio's in the or*er of *esire or of the JinstinctsEJ so as to !ers'a*e its s'b2ects that they ha* the intention corres!on*ing to this fiction. This is in*ee* the only .ay the la. has of getting a gri! on intentionE of "aking the 'nconscio's g'ilty. /n shortE .e are not .itness here to a syste" of t.o ter"s .here .e co'l* concl'*e fro" the for"al !rohibition .hat is really !rohibite*. /nstea* .e ha;e before 's a syste" of three ter"sE .here this concl'sion beco"es co"!letely illegiti"ate. ,istinctions "'st be "a*eI the re!ressing re!resentation .hich !erfor"s the re!ressionL the re!resse* re!resentati;eE on .hich the re!ression act'ally co"es to bearL the *is!lace* re!resente*E .hich gi;es a falsifie* a!!arent i"age that is "eant to tra! *esire.

Ca! is alon%si$e la) an$ 'akes illicit !leas(re forbi$$en.

+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 135: GFSli>E CCine"a of ,esireE C1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 14#-14$H The ca!italist erosE .e sai*E is al.ays in;este* on the li"it bet.een a licit !leas're an* a co*ifie* inter*iction. /t !roliferates alongsi*e the la.L it "akes itself the acco"!lice of .hat is forbi**enL it channels the libi*o to the forbi**en ob2ect that it only to'ches on s'!erficially. This econo"y of transgression !olari(es the *esiring !ro*'ction in a ga"e of "irrors that c't it fro" all access to the real an* catches it in !hantas"ic &age 44 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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re!resentations. /n this .ayE *esiring !ro*'ction ne;er ceases to be se!arate* fro" social !ro*'ction. Fantasi(e* *esire an* the ca!italist real .hich con;ert *esire to C'sef'lF .ork in;ol;eE a!!arentlyE t.o *ifferent ty!es of arrange"ents. /n factE they in;ol;e t.o !olitics of *esire that are absol'tely co"!le"entaryI a !olitics of reenclos're on the !ersonE the selfE the a!!ro!riation of the otherE hierarchyE e>!loitationE etc.E an* a !olitics of !assi;e acce!tance of the .orl* s'ch as it is. 8gainst the notions of eros an* eroticis"E / .o'l* like to o!!ose that of *esire an* *esiring energy. ,esire is notE like erosE tie* *o.n .ith the bo*yE the !ersonE an* the la.L it is no "ore *e!en*ent on the sha"ef'l bo*yM .ith its hi**en organs an* its incest'o's tabooMthan to a fascination .ith an* to "yths abo't the n'*e bo*yE the all-!o.erf'l !hall'sE an* s'bli"ation. ,esire is constit'te* before the crystalli(ation of the bo*y an* the organsE before the *i;ision of the se>esE before the se!aration bet.een the fa"iliari(e* self an* the social fiel*. /t is eno'gh to obser;e chil* then the insaneE an* the !ri"iti;e .itho't !re2'*ice in or*er to 'n*erstan* that *esire can "ake lo;e .ith h'"ans as .ell as .ith flo.ersE "achinesE or celebrations. /t *oes not res!ect the rit'al ga"es of the .ar bet.een the se>esI it is not se>'alE it is transse>'al. The str'ggle for the !hall'sE the threat of an i"aginary castrationE no "ore than the o!!osition bet.een genitality an* !re-genitalityE nor"ality an* !er;ersionE f'n*a"entally concern it. Nothing essential lea*s to the s'b2'gation of the chil*E the .o"anE or the ho"ose>'al. /n a .or*E it is not centere* on *o"inant significations an* ;al'esI it !artici!ates in o!enE asignifying se"ioticsE a;ailable for better or .orse. Nothing *e!en*s here on *estinyE b't on collecti;e arrange"ents in action.

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='!lication Gicro2?ascis'
The re!ression inherent in <e$i!(s crates a 'icro2fascis'. This fascis' is both the fascis' of 8itler an$ an internal fascis' )hich is the root of $o'ination. The only c(re is a $yna'ic !olitics.
?o(ca(ltE Chair at the College *e France an* &rofessor at BC 5erkeleyE 1356 G0ichelE &reface to Anti-OedipusE &. >iii->i;H $. ast b't not leastE the "a2or ene"yE the strategic a*;ersary is fascis" <.hereas Anti-Oedipus+ o!!osition to the others is "ore of a tactical engage"ent=. 8n* not only historical fascis"E the fascis" of Oitler an* 0'ssolini-.hich .as able to "obili(e an* 'se the *esire of the "asses so effecti;ely-b't also the fascis" in 's allE in o'r hea*s an* in o'r e;ery*ay beha;iorE the fascis" that ca'ses 's to lo;e !o.erE to *esire the ;ery thing that *o"inates an* e>!loits 's. / .o'l* say that Anti-Oedipus <"ay its a'thors forgi;e "e= is a book of ethicsE the first book of ethics to be .ritten in France in K'ite a long ti"e <!erha!s that e>!lains .hy its s'ccess .as not li"ite* to a !artic'lar Jrea*ershi!JI being anti-oe*i!al has beco"e a life styleE a .ay of thinking an* li;ing=. Oo. *oes one kee! fro" being fascistE e;en <es!ecially= .hen one belie;es oneself to be a re;ol'tionary "ilitantU Oo. *o .e ri* o'r s!eech an* o'r actsE o'r hearts an* o'r !leas'resE of fascis"U Oo. *o .e ferret o't the fascis" that is ingraine* in o'r beha;iorU The Christian "oralists so'ght o't the traces of the flesh lo*ge* *ee! .ithin the so'l. ,ele'(e an* 7'attariE for their !artE !'rs'e the slightest traces of fascis" in the bo*y. &aying a "o*est trib'te to Saint Francis *e SalesEX one "ight say that Anti-Oedipus is an 4ntroduction to the 7on-8ascist 6ife. This art of li;ing co'nter to all for"s of fascis"E .hether alrea*y !resent or i"!en*ingE carries .ith it a certain n'"ber of essential !rinci!les .hich / .o'l* s'""ari(e as follo.s if / .ere to "ake this great book into a "an'al or g'i*e to e;ery*ay lifeI Y Free !olitical action fro" all 'nitary an* totali(ing !aranoia. Y ,e;elo! actionE tho'ghtE an* *esires by !roliferationE 2'>ta!ositionE an* *is2'nctionE an* not by s'b*i;ision an* !yra"i*al hierarchi(ation. Y With*ra. allegiance fro" the ol* categories of the Negati;e <la.E li"itE castrationE lackE lac'na=E .hich Western tho'ght has so long hel* sacre* as a for" of !o.er an* an access to reality. &refer .hat is !ositi;e an* "'lti!leE *ifference o;er 'nifor"ityE flo.s o;er 'nitiesE "obile arrange"ents o;er syste"s. 5elie;e that .hat is !ro*'cti;e is not se*entary b't no"a*ic. Y ,o not think that one has to be sa* in or*er to be "ilitantE e;en tho'gh the thing one is fighting is abo"inable. /t is the connection of *esire to reality <an* not its retreat into the for"s of re!resentation= that !ossesses re;ol'tionary force. Y ,o not 'se tho'ght to gro'n* a !olitical !ractice in Tr'thL nor !olitical action to *iscre*itE as "ere s!ec'lationE a line of tho'ght. Bse !olitical !ractice as an intensifier of tho'ghtE an* analysis as a "'lti!lier of the for"s an* *o"ains for the inter;ention of !olitical action. Y ,o not *e"an* of !olitics that it restore the JrightsJ of the in*i;i*'alE as !hiloso!hy has *efine* the". The in*i;i*'al is the !ro*'ct of !o.er. What is nee*e* is to J*e-in*i;i*'ali(eJ by "eans of "'lti!lication an* *is!lace"entE *i;erse co"binations. The gro'! "'st not be the organic bon* 'niting hierarchi(e* in*i;i*'alsE b't a constant generator of *e-in*i;i*'ali(ation. Y ,o not beco"e ena"ore* of !o.er.

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='!lication Ho'bies
Ref(sal to s(b'it to <e$i!al $e'an$s Ho'biesI JC(rtin" =t U!K
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. ))H We can therefore see the !ro!erty the !rohibition has of *is!lacing itselfE since fro" the start it *is!laces *esire. /t *is!laces itself in the sense that the 9e*i!al inscri!tion *oes not force its .ay into the synthesis of recor*ing .itho't reacting on the synthesis of !ro*'ctionE an* !rofo'n*ly changing the connections of this synthesis by intro*'cing ne. global !ersons. These ne. i"ages of !ersons are the sister an* the s!o'seE after the father an* the "other. /t has often been re"arke* in fact that the !rohibition e>iste* in t.o for"sE the one negati;eE ha;ing to *o abo;e all .ith the "other an* i"!osing *ifferentiationE the other !ositi;eE concerning the sister an* reK'iring e>changeI / ha;e a "oral obligation to take as .ife so"eone other than "y sisterE an* an obligation to kee! "y sister for so"eone elseL / "'st gi;e '! "y sister to a brother-in-la.E recei;e "y .ife fro" a Father-in-la..QJ 8n* altho'gh ne. stases or rela!ses are !ro*'ce* at this le;elE s'ch as ne. for"s of incest an* ho"ose>'alityE it is certain that the 9e*i!al triangle .o'l* ha;e no .ay of trans"itting an* re!ro*'cing itself .itho't this secon* ste!I the first ste! elaborates the for" of the triangleE b't it is only the secon* ste! that ens'res the trans"ission of this fig're. / take a .o"an other than "y sister in or*er to constit'te the *ifferentiate* base of a ne. triangle .hose in;erte* ;erte> .ill be "y chil*-.hich is calle* s'r"o'nting 9e*i!'sE b't re!ro*'cing it as .ellE trans"itting it rather than *ying all aloneE incest'o'sE ho"ose>'alE an* a (o"bie.

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='!lication Se'iotics
Si%ns are inscribe$ in the flesh of h('anity& creatin% a $esire for #iolence an$ cr(elty.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 144H Cr'elty has nothing to *o .ith so"e ill-*efine* or nat'ral ;iolence that "ight be co""issione* to e>!lain the history of "ankin*L cr'elty is the "o;e"ent of c'lt're that is reali(e* in bo*ies an* inscribe* on the" belaboring the". That is .hat cr'elty "eans. This c'lt're is not the "o;e"ent of i*eologyI on the contraryE it forcibly in2ects !ro*'ctionE into *esireE an* con;erselyE it forcibly inserts *esire into social !ro*'ction an* re!ro*'ction. For e;en *eathE !'nish"entE an* tort're are *esire*E an* are instances of !ro*'ction <co"!are the history or fatalis"=. /t "akes "en or their organs into the !arts an* .heels of the social "achine. The sign is a !osition of *esireL b't the first signs are the territorial signs that !lant their flags in bo*ies. 8n* if one .ants to call this inscri!tion in nake* flesh J.ritingEJ then it "'st be sai* that s!eech in fact !res'!!oses .ritingE an* that it is this cr'el syste" of inscribe* signs that ren*ers "an ca!able of lang'ageE an* gi;es hi" a "e"ory of the s!oken .or*.

Western s(b4ecti#ity is a $a'a%in% one. <n an e#ery$ay basis )e are !resente$ )ith catastro!hes of a %lobal !ro!ortion& an$ these %o (nfi3e$ beca(se of the !assification $ealt by s(b4ectification.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13C1 GFSli>E C,i* Ao' See the WarUEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 1$#-1$4H /t is ;ery i"!ortant to "e to try to 'n*erstan* ho. s'b2ecti;e factors can beco"e acti;e ca'ses in econo"ic sectors. For too long .e ha;e been reasoning that s'b2ecti;e factors .ere only li"ite* to the or*er of s'!erstr'ct'res *e!en*ent '!on econo"ic infrastr'ct'res. They ha;e a real effecti;eness. /t is clear that this .ar .on@t allo. the Bnite* States to "ake '! for their lag in "ost areasE incl'*ing the "ost a*;ance* sectors .here it is being eli"inate* by the Ra!anese an* the 7er"ans. The Bnite* States has consi*erable internal !roble"sI socialE 'rbanE o!!resse* "inoritiesE a .hole Thir* Worl* insi*e. So it is *iffic'lt to concei;e ho. this kin* of Cs!ee*EF of "e*ia Cfi>F co'l* !ro;i*e a long-ter" sol'tion. To !'rs'e Wallerstein@s analysisE one co'l* e>!lore .hat in reality o!erates .ithin these s'b2ecti;e forces. &heno"ena s'ch as those .itnesse* in /ran .ith Kho"eniis" an*E in another nonreligio'sE relati;ely sec'lar conte>t aro'n* Sa**a" O'sseinE are atte"!ts at asserting or gi;ing bo*y to an alternati;e s'b2ecti;ity. 8frican an* atin-8"erican s'b2ecti;ities are "ostly ero*e* by the *o"inant "ass "e*ia s'b2ecti;ity. /n 5ra(ilE a station like 7lobe reaches +0Z of the !o!'lationE an enor"o's "a2ority of .hich li;es in total !o;erty. /n 8frican co'ntriesE incl'*ing North 8fricaE Western tele;ision e>erts a !o.erf'l infl'ence. /n 8rab co'ntriesE an* "ore globallyE b't also less *istinctlyE in the s'b2ecti;e s!here of the 0'sli" .orl*E there is a resistance factor. /t can ha;e ;ery conser;ati;eE reactionary as!ectsE b't is not the less real for it. Eastern co'ntriesE on the other han*E ha;e co"!letely colla!se* an* i*entifie* the"sel;es .ith Western s'b2ecti;ity. This s'b2ecti;ity is a snare not only for "ost !o!'lations in the Western s!here b't e;en "ore so for EasternE 8fricanE or atin-8"erican co'ntries. /t *oes not allo. in any .ay the reconstit'tion of a .ay of lifeE of a s'b2ecti;ity ca!able of ans.ering !roble"s as for"i*able as the concentration of !ro*'ction an* econo"ic "eans in the affl'ent co'ntriesE the !a'!eri(ationE syste"atically enforce*E in the !oorest co'ntriesE *e"ogra!hic !roble"sE ecological !roble"s. There is a kin* of race to the abyss in;ol;ing three K'arters of the !lanet@s !o!'lation. This snare of Western s'b2ecti;ity is like a "e*icineE it .orks to !acify one@s o.n conscience confronte* .ith the !roble"s !ose* both at the i""e*iateE "olec'lar le;el an* at the !lanetary le;el. /n e;ery*ay lifeE one .itnesses the total *isorgani(ation of the socialE fa"ilialE an* neighborhoo* fabrics .hich e>iste* in archaicE !re-ca!italist co'ntries. This lea*s to co"!lete i"!asses like the *ebt !heno"enon or the inca!acity of Thir* Worl* co'ntries to reconstr'ct a co"!etiti;e econo"y on this !lanet. 8frica@s international co""erce .hichE a fe. years agoE re!resente* #Z of the .orl*@s co""erceE no. only re!resents 1Z. /n 1331E so"e #0 "illion !eo!le .ill *ie of star;ation in 8fricaE not co'nting the 100 "illion *eaths by 8,S in the #4 or #0 years to co"e. When one s!eaks of catastro!heE it isn@t at all a "eta!hor.

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='!lication Ga4or Ca!italis'

The contin(e$ re2 an$ $e2territoriali*ation of society is not beni%n. We are all transfor'e$ into re!laceable co%s in the 'achine (se$ to !re#ent its $estr(ction. E#en Ne) eals an$ !ro'ises for Social Sec(rity are tools in the a3io'atic that 'ake e3!loitation harsher. The 8oloca(st )as not 4(st another e#ent& b(t a !ro$(ct of the Ca!italist te'!late.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $)$H There is not one of these as!ects---not the least o!erationE the least in*'strial or financial "echanis"--that *oes not re;eal the insanity of the ca!italist "achine an* the !athological character of its rationalityI not at all a false rationalityE b't a tr'e rationality of this !athological stateE this insanityE Jthe "achine .orks tooE belie;e "eJ. The ca!italist "achine *oes not r'n the risk of beco"ing "a*E it is "a* fro" one en* to the other an* fro" the beginningE an* this is the so'rce of its rationalityE 0ar>Ns black h'"orE the so'rce of Ca!italE is his fascination .ith s'ch a "achineI ho. it ca"e to be asse"ble*E on .hat fo'n*ation of *eco*ing an* *eterritoriali(ationL ho. it .orksE al.ays "ore *eco*e*E al.ays "ore *eterritoriali(e*L ho. its o!eration gro.s "ore relentless .ith the *e;elo!"ent of the a>io"aticE the co"bination of the flo.sL ho. it !ro*'ces the terrible single class of gray gentle"en .ho kee! '! the "achineL ho. it *oes not r'n the risk of *ying all aloneE b't rather of "aking 's *ieE by !ro;oking to the ;ery en* in;este"ents of *esire that *o not e;en go by .ay of a *ece!ti;e an* s'b2ecti;e i*eologyE an* that lea* 's to cry o't to the ;ery en*E ong li;e ca!ital in all its realityE in all its ob2ecti;e *issi"'lationQ E>ce!t in i*eologyE there has ne;er been a h'"aneE liberalE !aternalE etc.E ca!italis". Ca!italis" is *efine* by a cr'elty ha;ing no !arallel in the *es!otic regi"e of terror. Wage increases an* i"!ro;e"ents in the stan*ar* of li;ing are realitiesE b't realities that *eri;e fro" a gi;en s'!!le"entary a>io" that ca!italis" is al.ays ca!able of a**ing to its a>io"atic in ter"s of an enlarge"ent of its li"itsI letNs create the Ne. ,ealL letNs c'lti;ate an* recogni(e strong 'nionsL letNs !ro"ote !artici!ationE the single classL letNs take a ste! to.ar* :'ssiaE .hich is taking so "any to.ar* 'sL etc. 5't .ithin the enlarge* reality that con*itions these islan*sE e>!loitation gro.s constantly harsherE lack is arrange* in the "ost scientific of .aysE final sol'tions of the JRe.ish !roble"J ;ariety are !re!are* *o.n to the last *etailE an* the Thir* Worl* is organi(e* as an integral !art of ca!italis". The re!ro*'ction of the interior li"its of ca!italis" on an al.ays .i*er scale has se;eral conseK'encesI it !er"its increases an* i"!ro;e"ents of stan*ar*s at the centerE it *is!laces the harshest for"s of e>!loitation fro" the center to the !eri!heryE b't also "'lti!lies encla;es of o;er!o!'lation in the center itselfE an* easily tolerates the so-calle* socialist for"ations. </t is not kibb't(-style socialis" that tro'bles the 1ionist stateE 2'st as it is not :'ssian socialis" that tro'bles .orl* ca!italis".= There is no "eta!hor hereI the factories are !risonsE they *o not rese"ble !risonsE they are !risons.

Within Ca!italis'& )e are all s(b4ectifie$ to be e/(i#alent an$ e3!en$able 'akin% #iolence ine#itable. Any one of (s can be s)itche$ o(t for any other.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13CD GFSli>E CCa!ital as the /ntegral of &o.er For"ationsEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #14-#14H The e>ercise of !o.er by "eans of the se"ioses of Ca!ital !rocee*s conc'rrently .ith a control fro" abo;e of social seg"entsE an* by a constant s'b2'gation of each in*i;i*'al@s life. E;en tho'gh its en'nciation is in*i;i*'ate*E there is nothing less in*i;i*'al than ca!italist s'b2ecti;ity. The o;er-co*ing by Ca!ital of h'"an acti;itiesE tho'ghtsE an* feelings "akes all !artic'lari(e* "o*es of s'b2ecti;ation eK'i;alent an* resonant .ith each other. S'b2ecti;ityE so to s!eakE is nationali(e*. 6al'es of *esire are reor*ere* in an econo"y gro'n*e* on a syste"atic *e!en*ence of 'se-;al'es in relation to e>change- ;al'esE to the !oint of "aking this o!!osition "eaningless. Strolling CfreelyF *o.n a streetE or in the co'ntryE breathing fresh airE or singing a bit lo'*ly ha;e beco"e K'antifiable acti;ities fro" a ca!italistic !oint of ;ie.. SK'aresE nat'ral !arksE an* free "o;e"ent ha;e a social an* in*'strial cost. Blti"atelyE the s'b2ects of ca!italis"Mlike the s'b2ects of the kingMonly ass'"e the !ortion of their e>istence that is acco'ntable in ter"s of general eK'i;alencyI Ca!italE accor*ing to the e>!an*e* *efinition / a" !ro!osing here. The ca!italist or*er clai"s that in*i;i*'als sho'l* only li;e for an e>change syste"E a general translatability of all ;al'es so that their slightest *esire felt to be asocialE *angero'sE an* g'ilty. &age 43 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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S'ch an o!eration of s'b2'gationE "eant to co;er the .hole social fiel*E .hile CtargetingF acc'rately its "in'test *is!aritiesE cannot be satisfie* .ith e>terior social control. The general "arket of ;al'es *e!loye* by Ca!ital .ill at once !rocee* fro" .ithin an* fro" .itho't. /t .ill not only be concerne* .ith econo"ically i*entifiable ;al'esE b't also "ental an* affecti;e ;al'es. /t .ill be '! to a "'lti-centere* net.ork of collecti;e eK'i!"entsE StateE !ara-StateE an* "e*ia a!!arat'ses to "ake the 2'nction bet.een this C.itho'tF an* this C.ithin.F The general translatability of the local "o*es of se"ioti(ation of !o.er *oes not only obey central co""an*sE b't Cse"iotic con*ensatorsF .hich are a*2acent to State !o.erE or *irectly in*ent're* to it. 9ne essential f'nction is to "ake s're that each in*i;i*'al ass'"es "echanis"s of controlE re!ressionE an* "o*eli(ation of the *o"inant or*er.1#

Ca!italis' ensla#es by se'ioti*ation& creatin% h('an robots )hile si'(ltaneo(sly era$icatin% resistance.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13CD GFSli>E CCa!ital as the /ntegral of &o.er For"ationsEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #13H To the tra*itional syste"s of *irect coercionE ca!italist !o.er kee!s a**ing control "echanis"s reK'iringE if not the co"!licity of each in*i;i*'alE at least its !assi;e consent. 5't s'ch an e>tension of the "eans of action is only !ossible inas"'ch as those in;ol;e the inner s!rings of life an* h'"an action. 0iniat'ri(ation of these "eans goes far beyon* "achinic techniK'es. /t bears *o.n on the basic f'nctioning of the !erce!ti;eE sensorialE affecti;eE cogniti;eE ling'isticE etc.E beha;iors grafte* to a ca!italist "achineryE of .hich the Cin;isibleF *eterritoriali(e* !art is !robably the "ost fearf'lly efficient. We cannot acce!t the theoretical e>!lanations of s'b2'gation of the "asses in ter"s of i*eological *eceit or a collecti;e "asochistic !assion. Ca!italis" sei(es in*i;i*'als fro" the insi*e. 8lienation by "eans of i"ages an* i*eas is only an as!ect of a general syste" of ensla;e"ent of their f'n*a"ental "o*es of se"ioti(ationE both in*i;i*'al an* collecti;e in*i;i*'als are CeK'i!!e*F .ith "o*es of !erce!tion or nor"ali(ation of *esire 2'st as they are .ith factoriesE schoolsE territories. The e>!ansion of the *i;ision of labor to !lanetary le;els i"!liesE on the !art of global Ca!italis"E not only an atte"!t to integrate !ro*'cti;e forces of e;ery social categoryE b't "oreo;er a !er"anent co"!ositionE a rein;ention of this collecti;e .ork-force. The i*eal of Ca!ital is no longer to bother .ith in*i;i*'als en*o.e* .ith !assionsE ca!able of a"big'ityE hesitation a ref'sal as .ell as enth'sias"E b't e>cl'si;ely h'"an robot .o'l* rather *eal .ith only t.o ty!esI the salarie* an* the s'bsi*i(e*. /ts ai" is to eraseE ne'trali(eE if not s'!!ressE any categori(ation fo'n*e* on so"ething other than its o.n a>io"atic of !o.er an* its technological i"!erati;es. WhenE at the close of the chainE it Cre*isco;ersF "enE .o"enE chil*renE the ol*E rich an* !oorE "an'al laborersE intellect'alsE etc.E it !reten*s to recreate the" by itselfE to re*efine the" accor*ing to its o.n criteria.

Ca!italist e3!loitation has %one (nnotice$ for too lon% the silent col$ )ar res!onsible for catastro!he. 8('anity has been %ro(n$ into an e3!loite$ 'ass& st(!efie$ to catatonia an$ fille$ )ith 'an'a$e fear c(l'inatin% in collecti#e s(ici$e.
+(attari an$ Ne%riE an /nstit'tional &sychoanalyst at a 5or*e Clinic an* a !rofessor at the Bni;ersitS *e 6incennes <&aris-6///= an* the CollTge /nternational *e &hiloso!hieE 13,9 GFeli> an* ToniE ommunists li!e usE &. 11-1$H E>!loitation has a*;ance*E on the basis of n'clear acc'"'lationE to beco"e a threat of e>ec'tionL the cycles of .ar an* the *anger of *estr'ction are .ell kno.n. No. .e are not *eter"inists - b't to*ay it is not only *eter"inists .ho recogni(e that the en* isE if not nearE certainly close byE es!ecially if .e aban*on !o.er to the ca!italist an* socialist 2'ggerna'ts of labor. &re;enting catastro!he .ill reK'ire a collecti;e "obili(ation for free*o". Contin'ing... Why *oes e;ery*ay life tre"ble .ith fear an* loathingU This fear is not the state of nat're as *escribe* by Oobbes - that ol* e>c'se of the .ar of all against allE in*i;i*'al .ills frag"ente* in a thirst for !o.er. :ather .hat .e ha;e no. is a transcen*entalE yet act'ally "an"a*e fear .hich see!s into e;ery "in* .ith i""obili(ingE catastro!hic *rea*. /n*ee* ho!e itself has fle* this ho!elessE ha!lessE grey .orl*. 5eyon* "alaiseE life sinks into sa*nessE bore*o" an* "onotonyE .ith no chance to break o't of the "orass of abs'r*ity. Co""'nication - s!eechE con;ersationE banterE e;en cons!iracy has all been taken in by the J*isco'rseJ of "ass &age 40 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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"e*ia. /nter!ersonal relations like.ise ha;e s!oile*E an* are no. characteri(e* by in*ifferenceE *isingen'o's *isg'st an* self-hatre* - in a .or*E .eNre all s'ffering fro" ba* faith. 8"a(inglyE the fabric of h'"an feelings has itself co"e 'nra;ele*E since it no longer s'ccee*s in connecting the threa*s of *esire an* ho!e. 8s a res'ltE this !se'*o-.ar has !asse* o;er the .orl* for $0 years .itho't its key feat'res being notice*L the Col* War esca!es 'nrecogni(e* as the tr'e c'l!rit. ,'ring that .hole ti"eE h'"an conscio'sness has been gro'n* *o.n into so"ething "ore "anageableE e;en co"!licit. 8s the in*i;i*'al sinks into isolate* *es!airE all the b'ilt '! ;al'es in the .orl* colla!se aro'n* hi". Fear bree*s i"!otence an* !aralysis of e;ery sort. 9nly this collecti;e st'!efaction !re;ents onr'shing *es!air fro" reaching its logical concl'sion in collecti;e s'ici*eL a!!arently thereNs not eno'gh !assion left for s'ch a cris! transfor"ation. 5't the real trage*y is that e>!loitation "asK'era*es as fearI in*i;i*'al e>tensions - of *esires an* ho!e*- for the f't're - ha;e been si"!ly !rohibite*E b't 'n*er a "eta!hysicalE rather than !olitical g'ise.

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='!lication War Gachine

A fear of e#ery$ay life t(rns the State into a fasci*in% ele'ent. Creati#e esca!es are transfor'e$ into $estr(cti#e !aths that s!ill ri#ers of bloo$ that en$s in not only the $estr(ction of <thers& b(t !laces s(ici$e as the hi%hest %est(re& %(aranteein% e3tinction.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. #$0-#$1H This brings 's back to the !ara*o> of fascis"E an* the .ay in .hich fascis" *iffers fro" totalitarianis". For totalitarianis" is a State affairI it essentially concerns the relation bet.een the State as a locali(e* asse"blage an* the abstract "achine of o;erco*ing it effect'ates. E;en in the case of a "ilitary *ictatorshi!E it is a State ar"yE not a .ar "achineE that takes !o.er an* ele;ates the State to the totalitarian stage. Totalitarianis" is K'intessentially conser;ati;e. Fascis"E on the other han*E in;ol;es a .ar "achine. When fascis" b'il*s itself a totalitarian StateE it is not in the sense of a State ar"y taking !o.erE b't of a .ar "achine taking o;er the State. 8 bi(arre re"ark by 6irilio !'ts 's on the trailI in fascis"E the State is far less totalitarian than it is s'ici*al. There is in fascis" a reali(e* nihilis". Bnlike the totalitarian StateE .hich *oes its 't"ost to seal all !ossible lines of flightE fascis' is constr(cte$ on an intense line of fli%ht& )hich it transfor's into a line of !(re $estr(ction an$ abolition. /t is c'rio's that fro" the ;ery beginning the Na(is anno'nce* to 7er"any .hat they .ere bringingI at once .e**ing bells an* *eathE incl'*ing their o.n *eathE an* the *eath of the 7er"ans. They tho'ght they .o'l* !erish b't that their 'n*ertaking .o'l* be res'"e*E all across E'ro!eE all o;er the .orl*E thro'gho't the solar syste". 8n* the !eo!le cheere*E not beca'se they *i* not 'n*erstan*E b't beca'se they .ante* that *eath thro'gh the *eath of others. ike a .ill to .ager e;erything yo' ha;e e;ery han*E to stake yo'r o.n *eath against the *eath of othersE an* "eas're e;erything by J*eleo"eters.J Kla's 0annNs no;elE 0e!histoE gi;es sa"!lings of entirely or*inary Na(i s!eeches an* con;ersationsI JOerois" .as so"ething that .as being r'le* o't of o'r li;esW./n realityE .e are not "arching for.ar*E .e are reelingE staggering. 9'r belo;e* F'hrer is *ragging 's to.ar* the sha*es of *arkness an* e;erlasting nothingness. Oo. can .e !oetsE .e .ho ha;e a s!ecial affinity for *arkness an* lo.er *e!thsE not a*"ire hi"U...Fires bla(ing on the hori(onL ri;ers of bloo* in all the streetsL an* the fren(ie* *ancing of the s'r;i;orsE of those .ho are still s!are*E aro'n* the bo*ies of the *ea*QJ $# S'ici*e is !resente* not as a !'nish"ent b't as the cro.ning glory of the *eath of others. 9ne can al.ays say that it is 2'st a "atter of foggy talk an* i*eologyE nothing b't i*eology. 5't that is not tr'e. The ins'fficiency of econo"ic an* !olitical *efinitions of fascis" *oes not si"!ly i"!ly a nee* to tack on ;ag'eE so-calle* i*eological *eter"inations. We !refer to follo. FayeNs inK'iry into the !recise for"ation of Na(i state"entsE .hich are 2'st as "'ch in e;i*ence in !olitics an* econo"ics as in the "ost abs'r* of con;ersations. They al.ays contain the Jst'!i* an* re!'gnantJ cryE ong li;e *eathQE e;en at the econo"ic le;elE .here the ar"s e>!ansion re!laces gro.th in cons'"!tion an* .here in;est"ent ;eers fro" the "eans of !ro*'ction to.ar* the "eans of !'re *estr'ction. &a'l 6irilioNs analysis strikes 's as entirely correct in *efining fascis" not by the notion of the totalitarian State b't by the notion of the s'ici*al StateI so-calle* total .ar see"s less a State 'n*ertaking than an 'n*ertaking of a .ar "achine that a!!ro!riates the State an* channels into it a flo. of absol'te .ar .hose only !ossible o'tco"e is the s'ici*e of the State itself. JThe triggering of a hitherto 'nkno.n "aterial !rocessE one that is li"itless an* ai"less. . . . 9nce triggere*E its "echanis" cannot sto! at !eaceE for the in*irect strategy effecti;ely !laces the *o"inant !o.ers o'tsi*e the 's'al categories of s!ace an* ti"e. . . . =t )as in the horror of $aily life an$ its en#iron'ent that 8itler finally fo(n$ his s(rest 'eans of %o#ernin%& the le%iti'ation of his !olicies an$ 'ilitary strate%y L an* it laste* right '! to the en*E for the r'ins an* horrors an* cri"es an* chaos of total .arE far fro" *ischarging the re!'lsi;e nat're of its !o.erE nor"ally only increase its sco!e. Telegra" )1 is the nor"al o'tco"eI /f the .ar is lostE "ay the nation !erish. OereE Oitler *eci*es to 2oin forces .ith his ene"ies in or*er to co"!lete the *estr'ction of his o.n !eo!leE by obliterating the last re"aining reso'rces of its life-s'!!ort syste"E ci;il reser;es of e;ery kin* <!otable .aterE f'elE !ro;isionsE etc.=.J$$ /t .as this re;ersion of the line of flight into a line of *estr'ction that alrea*y ani"ate* the "olec'lar foc'ses of fascis"E an* "a*e the" interact in a .ar "achine instea* of resonating in a State a!!arat's. 8 .ar "achine that no longer ha* anything b't .ar as its ob2ect an* .o'l* rather annihilate its o.n ser;ants than sto! the *estr'ction. 8ll the *angers of the other lines !ale by co"!arison. &age 4# of 10+ All free minds to the front

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='!lication .ein% a Co!

The i''anence of the Ca!italist 'achine ca(ses the o!!resse$ to search for their sa#ior )ithin it. They !ro$(ce resistance that ca!italis' coo!ts an$ t(rnin% those searchin% for safety into Co!s of the syste'.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $44-$46H We ha;e seen ho. the ca!italist "achine constit'te* a syste" of i""anence bor*ere* by a great "'tant flo.E non!ossessi;e an* non!ossesse*E flo.ing o;er the f'll bo*y of ca!ital an* for"ing an abs'r* !o.er. E;eryone in his class an* his !erson recei;es so"ething fro" this !o.erE or is e>cl'*e* fro" itE insofar as the great flo. is con;erte* into inco"esE inco"es of .ages or of enter!rises that *efine ai"s or s!heres of interestE selectionsE *etach"entsE an* !ortions. 5't the in;est"ent of the flo. itself an* its a>io"aticE .hich to be s're reK'ires no !recise kno.le*ge of !olitical econo"yE is the b'siness of the 'nconscio's libi*oE inas"'ch as it is !res'!!ose* by the ai"s. We see the "ost *isa*;antage*E the "ost e>cl'*e* "e"bers of society in;est .ith !assion the syste" that o!!resses the"E an* .here they al.ays find an interestE since it is here that they search for an* "eas're it. /nterest al.ays co"es after. 8nti!ro*'ction eff'ses in the syste"I anti!ro*'ction is lo;e* for itselfE as is the .ay in .hich *esire re!resses itself in the great ca!italist aggregate. :e!ressing *esireE not only for others b't in oneselfE being the co! for others an* for oneself-that is .hat aro'sesE an* it is not i*eologyE it is econo"y. Ca!italis" garners an* !ossesses the force of the ai" an* the interest (power), b't it feels a *isintereste* lo;e for the abs'r* an* non!ossesse* force of the "achine. 9hE to be s'reE it is not for hi"self or his chil*ren that the ca!italist .orksE b't for the i""ortality of the syste". 8 ;iolence .itho't !'r!oseE a 2oyE a !'re 2oy in feeling oneself a .heel in the "achineE tra;erse* by flo.sE broken by schi((es. &lacing oneself in a !osition .here one is th's tra;erse*E brokenE f'cke* by the soci'sE looking for the right !lace .hereE accor*ing to the ai"s an* the interests assigne* to 'sE one feels so"ething "o;ing that has neither an interest nor a !'r!ose. 8 sort of art for artNs sake in the libi*oE a taste for a 2ob .ell *oneE each one in his o.n !laceE the bankerE the co!E the sol*ierE the technocratE the b'rea'cratE an* .hy not the .orkerE the tra*e-'nionist. ,esire is aga!e.

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='!lication @al(e 6 Lyfe

Ca!italis' i'!oses a (nitary class the sla#e of the syste'. The s(b4(%ation of in$i#i$(als re$(ces h('anity to a lar%e %reen 'ass that !ersonifies their #al(e.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #4$-#44H The reg'lati;e f'nctions of the State *o not i"!ly any sort of arbitration bet.een social classes. That the State is entirely in the ser;ice of the so-calle* r'ling class is an ob;io's !ractical factE b't a fact that *oes not re;eal its theoretical fo'n*ation. The latter is si"!le to e>!lainI fro" the ;ie.!oint of the ca!italist a>io"atic there is only one classE a class .ith a 'ni;ersalist ;ocationE the bo'rgeoisie. &lekhano; notes that the French School of the nineteenth cent'ryE 'n*er the infl'ence of Saint-Si"onE sho'l* be cre*ite* .ith the *isco;ery of class str'ggle an* its role in history !recisely the sa"e "en .ho !raise the str'ggle of the bo'rgeois class against the nobility an* fe'*alis"E an* .ho co"e to a halt before the !roletariat an* *eny that there can be any *ifference in class bet.een the in*'strialist or banker an* the .orkerE b't only a f'sion into one an* the sa"e flo. as .ith !rofits an* .ages.31 This !ro!osition contains so"ething other than an i*eological blin*ness or *enial. Classes are the negati;e of castes an* stat'sesL classes are or*ersE castesE an* stat'ses that ha;e been *eco*e*. To rerea* history thro'gh the class str'ggle is to rea* it in ter"s of the bo'rgeoisie as the *eco*ing an* *eco*e* class. /t is the only class as s'chE inas"'ch as it lea*s the str'ggle against co*esE an* "erges .ith the generali(e* *eco*ing of flo.s. /n this ca!acity it is s'fficient to fill the ca!italist fiel* of i""anence. 8n* in !oint of factE so"ething ne. occ'rs .ith the rise of the bo'rgeoisieI the *isa!!earance of en2oy"ent as an en*E the ne. conce!tion of the con2'nction accor*ing to .hich the sole en* is abstract .ealth an* its reali(ation in for"s other than cons'"!tion. The generali(e* sla;ery of the *es!otic State at least i"!lie* the e>istence of "astersE an* an a!!arat's of anti!ro*'ction *istinct fro" the s!here of !ro*'ction. 5't the bo'rgeois fiel* of i""anence-as *eli"ite* by the con2'nction of the *eco*e* flo.sE the negation of any transcen*ence or e>terior li"itE an* the eff'sion of anti!ro*'ction insi*e !ro*'ction itself instit'tes an 'nri;ale* sla;eryE an 'n!rece*ente* s'b2'gationI there are no longer e;en any "astersE b't only sla;es co""an*ing other sla;esL there is no longer any nee* to b'r*en the ani"al fro" the o'tsi*eE it sho'l*ers its o.n b'r*en. Not that "an is e;er the sla;e of technical "achinesL he is rather the sla;e of the social "achine. The bo'rgeois sets the e>a"!leE he absorbs s'r!l's ;al'e for en*s thatE taken as a .holeE ha;e nothing to *o .ith his o.n en2oy"entI "ore 'tterly ensla;e* than the lo.est of sla;esE he is the first ser;ant of the ra;eno's "achineE the beast of the re!ro*'ction of ca!italE internali(ation of the infinite *ebt. J/ too a" a sla;eJ these are the ne. .or*s s!oken by the "aster. J9nly as !ersonifie* ca!ital is the ca!italist res!ectable. 8s s'chE he shares .ith the "iser the !assion for .ealth as .ealth. 5't that .hich in the "iser is a "ere i*iosyncrasyE isE in the ca!italistE the effect of the social "echanis"E of .hich he is b't one of the .heels.J3#

Psychoanalysis creates a 'yth of life an$ t(rns the (nconscio(s into a circ(s. Ne) s(!erstr(ct(res are create$ to !lay )ith the conscio(s.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #3+-#33H Why .as "ythic an* tragic re!resentation accor*e* s'ch a senseless !ri;ilegeU Why .ere e>!ressi;e for"s an* a .hole theater installe* there .here there .ere fiel*sE .orksho!sE factoriesE 'nits of !ro*'ctionU The !sychoanalyst !arks his circ's in the *'"bfo'n*e* 'nconscio'sE a real &. T. 5arn'" in the fiel*s an* in the factory. That is .hat 0illerE an* alrea*y a.renceE ha;e to say against !sychoanalysis <the li;ing are not belie;ersE the seers *o not belie;e in "yth an* trage*y=I J5y retracing the !aths to the earlier heroic life ... yo' *efeat the ;ery ele"ent an* K'ality of the heroicE for the hero ne;er looks back.ar*E nor *oes he e;er *o'bt his !o.ers. Oa"let .as 'n*o'bte*ly a hero to hi"selfE an* for e;ery Oa"let born the only tr'e co'rse to !'rs'e is the ;ery co'rse .hich Shakes!eare *escribes. 5't the K'estionE it see"s to "eE is thisI are .e born Oa"letsU Were you born Oa"letU Or did you not rather create the type in yourself9 Whether this be so or notE .hat see"s infinitely "ore i"!ortant is-.hy re;ert to "ythU ... This i*eational r'bbish o't of .hich o'r .orl* has erecte* its c'lt'ral e*ifice is no.E by a critical ironyE being gi;en its !oetic i""olationE its "ythosE through a !ind of writing which, beca'se it is of the *isease an* therefore beyon*E clears the gro'n* for fresh &age 44 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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s'!erstr'ct'res. </n "y o.n "in* the tho'ght of Nfresh s'!erstr'ct'resN is abhorrentE b't this is "erely the a.areness of a !rocess an* not the !rocess itself.= 8ct'allyE in !rocessE / belie;e .ith each line / .rite that / a" sco'ring the .o"bE gi;ing it the curette, as it .ere. 5ehin* this !rocess lies the i*ea not of Ne*ificeN an* Ns'!erstr'ct'reEN .hich is c'lt're an* hence falseE b't of contin'o's birthE rene.al. life, life: /n the "yth there is no life for 's. 9nly the "yth li;es in the "ythWThis ability to !ro*'ce the "yth is born o't of a.arenessE o't of e;er-increasing conscio'sness. That is .hyE s!eaking of the schizophrenic nature of o'r ageE / sai*-N'ntil the !rocess is co"!lete* the belly of the .orl* shall be the Thir* Eye.N No.E 5rother 8"broseE 2'st .hat *i* / "ean by thatU What co'l* / "ean e>ce!t that fro" this intellect'al .orl* in .hich .e are s.i""ing there "'st bo*y forth a ne. .orl*L b't this ne. .orl* can only be bo*ie* forth in so far as it is conceived. 8n* to concei;e there "'st first be *esireEW,esire is instinct'al an* holyI it is only thro'gh *esire that .e bring abo't the i""ac'late conce!tion.F1$

Psychoanalysis (n$erstan$ nothin% of '(lti!licities& instea$ it inscribes the !atient )ith the $isease& t(rnin% the' into a !ersonification of the illness for f(t(re %enerations& nothin% 'ore nothin% less.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. #6-#)H That *ayE the Wolf-0an rose fro" the co'ch !artic'larly tire*. Oe kne. that Fre'* ha* a geni's for br'shing '! against the tr'th an* !assing it byE then filling the ;oi* .ith associations. Oe kne. that Fre'* kne. nothing abo't .ol;esE or an'ses for that "atter. The only thing Fre'* 'n*erstoo* .as .hat a *og isE an* a *ogNs tail. /t .asnNt eno'gh. /t .o'l*nNt be eno'gh. The Wolf-0an kne. that Fre'* .o'l* soon *eclare hi" c're*E b't that it .as not at all the case an* his treat"ent .o'l* contin'e for all eternity 'n*er 5r'ns.ickE acanE eclaire. FinallyE he kne. that he .as in the !rocess of acK'iring a ;eritable !ro!er na"eE the Wolf-0anE a na"e "ore !ro!erly his than his o.nE since it attaine* the highest *egree of sing'larity in the instantaneo's a!!rehension of a generic "'lti!licityI .ol;es. Oe kne. that this ne. an* tr'e !ro!er na"e .o'l* be *isfig're* an* "iss!elle*E retranscribe* as a !atrony"ic.

Psychoanalysis stri!s all #al(e of life. The !atient is left a shell of their for'er self a scarecro) (nable to (tter a so(n$. Psychoanalysis $oes not (n$erstan$ chan%e& an$ only sees $a$$y2'o''y2'es.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. $)-$+H There are no in*i;i*'al state"entsE there ne;er are. E;ery state"ent is the !ro*'ct of a "achinic asse"blageE in other .or*sE of collecti;e agents of en'nciation <take Jcollecti;e agentsJ to "ean not !eo!les or societies b't "'lti!licities=. The !ro!er na"e (nom propre) *oes not *esignate an in*i;i*'alI it is on the contrary .hen the in*i;i*'al o!ens '! to the "'lti!licities !er;a*ing hi" or herE at the o'tco"e of the "ost se;ere o!eration of *e!ersonali(ationE that he or she acK'ires his or her tr'e !ro!er na"e. The !ro!er na"e is the instantaneo's a!!rehension of a "'lti!licity. The !ro!er na"e is the s'b2ect of a !'re infiniti;e co"!rehen*e* as s'ch in a fiel* of intensity. What &ro'st sai* abo't the first na"eI .hen / sai* 7ilberteNs na"eE / ha* the i"!ression that / .as hol*ing her entire bo*y nake* in "y "o'th. The Wolf-0anE a tr'e !ro!er na"eE an inti"ate first na"e linke* to the beco"ingsE infiniti;esE an* intensities of a "'lti!lie* an* *e!ersonali(e* in*i;i*'al. What *oes !sychoanalysis kno. abo't "'lti!licationU The *esert ho'r .hen the *ro"e*ary beco"es a tho'san* *ro"e*aries snickering in the sky. The e;ening ho'r .hen a tho'san* holes a!!ear on the s'rface of the earth. CastrationQ CastrationQ cries the !sychoanalytic scarecro.E .ho ne;er sa. "ore than a holeE a father or a *og .here .ol;es areE a *o"esticate* in*i;i*'al .here there are .il* "'lti!licities. We are not 2'st critici(ing !sychoanalysis for ha;ing selecte* 9e*i!al state"ents e>cl'si;ely. For s'ch state"ents are to a certain e>tent !art of a "achinic asse"blageE for .hich they co'l* ser;e as correctional in*e>esE as in a calc'lation of errors. We are critici(ing !sychoanalysis for ha;ing 'se* 9e*i!al en'nciation to "ake !atients belie;e they .o'l* !ro*'ce in*i;i*'alE !ersonal state"entsE an* .o'l* finally s!eak in their o.n na"e. The tra! .as set fro" the startI ne;er .ill the Wolf-0an s!eak. Talk as he "ight abo't .ol;esE ho.l as he "ight like a .olfE Fre'* *oes not e;en listenL he glances at his *og an* ans.ersE J/tNs *a**y.J For as long as that lastsE Fre'* calls it ne'rosisL &age 46 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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.hen it cracksE itNs !sychosis. The Wolf-0an .ill recei;e the !sychoanalytic "e*al of honor for ser;ices ren*ere* to the ca'seE an* e;en *isable* ;eteransN benefits. Oe co'l* ha;e s!oken in his o.n na"e only if the "achinic asse"blage that .as !ro*'cing !artic'lar state"ents in hi" ha* been bro'ght to light. 5't there is no K'estion of that in !sychoanalysisI at the ;ery "o"ent the s'b2ect is !ers'a*e* that he or she .ill be 'ttering the "ost in*i;i*'al of state"entsE he or she is *e!ri;e* of all basis for en'nciation. Silence !eo!leE !re;ent the" fro" s!eakingE an* abo;e allE .hen they *o s!eakE !reten* they ha;enNt sai* a thingI the fa"o's !sychoanalytic ne'trality. The Wolf-0an kee!s ho.lingI Si> .ol;esQ Se;en .ol;esQ Fre'* saysE Oo.Ns thatU 7oatsE yo' sayU Oo. interesting. Take a.ay the goats an* all yo' ha;e left is a .olfE so itNs yo'r father . . . That is .hy the Wolf-0an feels so fatig'e*I heNs left lying there .ith all his .ol;es in his throatE all those little holes on his noseE an* all those libi*inal ;al'es on his bo*y .itho't organs. The .ar .ill co"eE the .ol;es .ill beco"e 5olshe;iksE an* the Wolf-0an .ill re"ain s'ffocate* by all he ha* to say. 8ll .e .ill be tol* is that he beca"e .ell beha;e*E !oliteE an* resigne* againE Jhonest an* scr'!'lo's.J /n shortE c're*. Oe gets back by !ointing o't that !sychoanalysis lacks a tr'ly (oological ;isionI JNothing can be "ore ;al'able for a yo'ng !erson than the lo;e of nat're an* a co"!rehension of the nat'ral sciencesE in !artic'lar (oology.J)

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='!lication +enoci$e
Strict a$herence to societal str(ct(res creates a )ill to kill in the na'e of )hat"s !ercei#e$ as ri%ht& an$ a sca!e%oatin% of those #ie)e$ as $ifferent )hen anythin% %oes a)ry.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #6+-#63H 8 transcen*ent ob2ect that is "ore an* "ore s!irit'ali(e*E for a fiel* of forces that is "ore an* "ore i""anentE "ore an* "ore internali(e*I this *escribes the e;ol'tion of the infinite *ebt-thro'gh Catholicis"E then the :efor"ation. The e>tre"e s!irit'ali(ation of the *es!otic StateE an* the e>tre"e internali(ation of the ca!italist fiel*E *efine ba* conscience. The latter is not cynicis"Ns contraryL it isE in !ri;ate !ersonsE the correlate of the cynicis" of social !ersons. 8ll the cynical tactics of ba* conscienceE 2'st as Niet(sche an* then a.rence an* 0iller analy(e* the" to arri;e at a *efinition of ci;ili(e* E'ro!ean "anI the hy!nosis an* the reign of i"agesE the tor!or they s!rea*L the hatre* of life an* of all that is freeE of all that !asses an* flo.sL the 'ni;ersal eff'sion of the *eath instinctL *e!ression an* g'ilt 'se* as a "eans of contagionE the kiss of the 6a"!ireI arenNt yo' asha"e* to be ha!!yU follo. "y e>a"!leE / .onNt let go before yo' sayE J/tNs "y fa'ltEJ 9 ignoble contagion of the *e!ressi;esE ne'rosis as the only illness consisting in "aking others illL the !er"issi;e str'ct'reI let "e *ecei;eE robE sla'ghterE killQ b't in the na"e of the social or*erE an* so *a**y-"o""y .ill be !ro'* of "eL the *o'ble *irection gi;en to ressentimentE the t'rning back against oneselfE an* the !ro2ection against the 9therI the father is *ea*E itNs "y fa'ltE .ho kille* hi"U itNs yo'r fa'ltE itNs the Re.sE the 8rabsE the ChineseE all the reso'rces of racis" an* segregationL the ab2ect *esire to be lo;e*E the .hi"!ering at not being lo;e* eno'ghE at not being J'n*erstoo*EJ conc'rrent .ith the re*'ction of se>'ality to the J*irty little secretEJ this .hole priest+s psychology-there is not a single one of these tactics that *oes not fin* in 9e*i!'s its lan* of "ilk an* honeyE its goo* !ro;i*er. Nor is there a single one of these tactics that *oes not ser;e an* *e;elo! in !sychoanalysisE .ith the latter as the ne. a;atar of the Jascetic i*eal.J

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='!lication Trib(nal of +(ilt

Ca!italis' creates inti'ate colonies by ob4ectifyin% an$ re2territoriali*in% society into it"s ne)est a3io'.
,ele'(e an* 7'attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13)# G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #63-#)0H a.E .ith the slashe*E s!litE castrate* egoE are the !ro*'cts of ca!italis" insofar as it engineers an o!eration that has no eK'i;alent in the other social for"ations. E;ery.here else the fa"ilial !osition is "erely asti"'l's to the in;est"ent of the social fiel* by *esireI the fa"ilial i"ages f'nction only by o!ening onto social i"ages to .hich they beco"e co'!le* or .hich they confront in the co'rse of str'ggles an* co"!ro"isesL so that .hat is in;este* thro'gh the breaks an* seg"ents of fa"ilies is the econo"icE !oliticalE an* c'lt'ral breaks of the fiel* into .hich they are !l'nge* <*. N*e"b' schi(o!hrenia=. This is the case e;en in the !eri!heral (ones of ca!italis"E .here the coloni(erNs efforts at oe*i!ali(ing the in*igeno's !o!'lation-8frican 9e*i!'s-fin* the"sel;es contra*icte* by the break'! of the fa"ily along the lines of social e>!loitation an* o!!ression. 5't it is at the soft center of ca!italis"E in the te"!erate (ones of the bo'rgeoisieE that the colony beco"es inti"ate an* !ri;ateE interior to each !ersonI it is there that the flo. of the in;est"ent of *esireE .hich tra;els fro" the fa"ilial sti"'l's to the social organi(ation <or *isorgani(ation=E is as it .ere covered over by a reflux that flattens the social in;est"ent onto the fa"ilial in;est"ent ser;ing as a !se'*o organi(er. The fa"ily has beco"e the loc's of retention an* resonance of all the social *eter"inations. /t falls to the reactionary in;est"ent of the ca!italist fiel* to a!!ly all the social i"ages to the si"'lcra of the restricte* fa"ilyE .ith the res'lt thatE .here;er one t'rnsE one no longer fin*s anything b't father-"other this 9e*i!al filth that sticks to o'r skin. AesE / *esire* "y "other an* .ante* to kill "y fatherL a single s'b2ect of en'nciation-9e*i!'s-for all the ca!italist state"entsE an* bet.een the t.oE the le;eling clea;age of castration. 0ar> sai* that 'therNs "erit .as to ha;e *eter"ine* the essence of religionE no longer on the si*e of the ob2ectE b't as an interior religiosityL that the "erit of 8*a" S"ith an* :icar*o .as to ha;e *eter"ine* the essence or nat're of .ealth no longer as an ob2ecti;e nat'reE b't as an abstract an* *eterritoriali(e* s'b2ecti;e essenceE the activity of production in general. 5't as this *eter"ination *e;elo!s 'n*er the con*ition of ca!italis"E they ob2ectify the essence all o;er againE they alienate an* reterritoriali(e itE this ti"e in the for" of the !ri;ate o.nershi! of the "eans of !ro*'ction. So that ca!italis" is .itho't *o'bt the 'ni;ersal of e;ery societyE b't only insofar as it is ca!able of carrying to a certain !oint its o.n critiK'e-that isE the critiK'e of the !rocesses by .hich it re-ensla;es .hat .ithin it ten*s to free itself or to a!!ear freely. 101 The sa"e thing "'st be sai* of Fre'*I his greatness lies in ha;ing *eter"ine* the essence or nat're of *esireE no longer in relation to ob2ectsE ai"sE or e;en so'rces <territories=E b't as an abstract s'b2ecti;e essence-libi*o or se>'ality. 5't he still relates this essence to the fa"ily as the last territoriality of !ri;ate "an .hence the !osition of 9e*i!'sE "arginal at first in the Three &ssays, then centering "ore an* "ore aro'n* *esire. /t is as tho'gh Fre'* .ere asking to be forgi;en his !rofo'n* *isco;ery of se>'ality by saying to 'sI at least it .onNt go any f'rther than the fa"ilyQ The *irty little secretE in !lace of the .i*e o!en s!aces gli"!se* for a "o"ent. The fa"ilialist re*'ctionE in !lace of the *rift of *esire. /n !lace of the great *eco*e* flo.sE little strea"s reco*e* in "o""yNs be*. /nteriority in !lace of a ne. relationshi! .ith the o'tsi*e. Thro'gho't !sychoanalysisE the *isco'rse of ba* conscience an* g'ilt al.ays rises '! an* fin*s its no'rish"ent-.hat is calle* being c're*.

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Alt. .e the Pink Panther

The alternati#e is to be the Pink Panther& contin(ally 'o#in% an$ re!aintin% the )orl$.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. #4-#4H Write to the nth !o.erE the n - 1 !o.erE .rite .ith slogansI 0ake rhi(o"esE not rootsE ne;er !lantQ ,onNt so.E gro. offshootsQ ,onNt be one or "'lti!leE be "'lti!licitiesQ :'n linesE ne;er !lot a !ointQ S!ee* t'rns the !oint into a lineQ#4 5e K'ickE e;en .hen stan*ing stillQ ine of chanceE line of hi!sE line of flight. ,onNt bring o't the 7eneral in yo'Q ,onNt ha;e 2'st i*easE 2'st ha;e an i*ea <7o*ar*=. Oa;e short-ter" i*eas. 0ake "a!sE not !hotos or *ra.ings. 5e the &ink &anther an* yo'r lo;es .ill be like the .as! an* the orchi*E the cat an* the baboon. 8s they say abo't ol* "an ri;erI Oe *onNt !lant Ntatos ,onNt !lant cotton The" that !lants the" is soon forgotten 5't ol* "an ri;er he 2'st kee!s rollinN along 8 rhi(o"e has no beginning or en*L it is al.ays in the "i**leE bet.een thingsE interbeingE intermezzo. The tree is filiationE b't the rhi(o"e is allianceE 'niK'ely alliance. The tree i"!oses the ;erb Jto beEJ b't the fabric of the rhi(o"e is the con2'nctionE Jan*. . . an*.. . an*. . .J This con2'nction carries eno'gh force to shake an* '!root the ;erb Jto be.J Where are yo' goingU Where are yo' co"ing fro"U What are yo' hea*ing forU These are totally 'seless K'estions. 0aking a clean slateE starting or beginning again fro" gro'n* (eroE seeking a beginning or a fo'n*ationMall i"!ly a false conce!tion of ;oyage an* "o;e"ent <a conce!tion that is "etho*icalE !e*agogicalE initiatoryE sy"bolic...=. 5't KleistE en(E an* 5'chner ha;e another .ay of tra;eling an* "o;ingI !rocee*ing fro" the "i**leE thro'gh the "i**leE co"ing an* going rather than starting an* finishing.#4 8"erican literat'reE an* alrea*y English literat'reE "anifest this rhi(o"atic *irection to an e;en greater e>tentL they kno. ho. to "o;e bet.een thingsE establish a logic of the 8N,E o;erthro. ontologyE *o a.ay .ith fo'n*ationsE n'llify en*ings an* beginnings. They kno. ho. to !ractice !rag"atics. The "i**le is by no "eans an a;erageL on the contraryE it is .here things !ick '! s!ee*. *et.een things *oes not *esignate a locali(able relation going fro" one thing to the other an* back againE b't a !er!en*ic'lar *irectionE a trans;ersal "o;e"ent that s.ee!s one an* the other a.ayE a strea" .itho't beginning or en* that 'n*er"ines its banks an* !icks '! s!ee* in the "i**le.

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Alt. Write the ?(t(re

The alternati#e> constantly e3!eri'ent )ith o(r s(b4ecti#ity. There are no reci!es for s(ccess here; the no#el is still (nfol$in% before (s. The f(t(re is (n)ritten& an$ )e ha#e the !en an$ !a!er.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,9 GFSli>E C/nstit'tional Schi(o-8nalysisEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #)6-#))H There co'l* ne;er be a schi(o-analyst technicianL this .o'l* be a contra*iction in ter"s. /f schi(o-analysis "'st e>istE it is beca'se it alrea*y e>ists e;ery.hereL an* not 2'st a"ong schi(o!hrenicsE b't in the schi(esE the lines of esca!eE the !rocess'al r'!t'res .hich are facilitate* by a cartogra!hic a'to-orientation. /ts goalU 9ne co'l* say that it *oesn@t ha;e anyE beca'se it is not so "'ch the en* that "atters b't the C"i**leEF the !rocess as it !rocess'ali(es itself. This calls for a blin* tr'st in the "o;e"ent of *eterritoriali(ation at .ork. When yo' are .orking on a !ro2ectE for e>a"!leE an instit'tional !ro2ectE a fil"E or a no;el yo' can internali(e an e>isting "o*el <the Sten*hal no;elE or the 0arcel herbier fil" style=. What yo' ha;e then is a cons'"er ob2ect .hich can be locate* in ter"s of "eans an* en*. With schi(o-analysisE it@s rather the other .ay aro'n*. 9b2ectality is *etotali(e*. 9ne lea;es !re-organi(e* !rogra"s. 9ne atte"!ts to *e!loy fiel*s of the !ossible carrie* by an asse"blage of en'nciation. Ao' begin a no;el .itho't kno.ing .here it .ill take yo'L "aybe it .on@t be a no;el at all. 5't it .ill be an analytical !rocessL an analytical cartogra!hy .itho't a g'arantee* o'tco"e. For "eE this i*ea of !rocess is f'n*a"ental. /t ass'"es that one has *iscar*e* the i*ea that one "'st absol'tely "aster an ob2ect or a s'b2ectMan* that the analytical research is gi;en a *i"ension of finit'*eE sing'larityE e>istential *eli"itationE !recario'sness in relation to ti"e an* ;al'es. S'ch an ethical an* "icro-!olitical *ecentering i"!lies a co"!lete re;ersal in relation to the act'al e*'cational syste". This *oes not "ean that the en*s yiel* to the "eans. 5eca'se the for"'la falls a!artI there are neither en*s nor "eansL only !rocessesL nothing b't !rocessesL !rocesses a'to-constr'cting lifeE a'to-constr'cting the .orl*E .ith "'tantE 'nforeseenE 'nhear*-of affects. =f e#erythin% is )ritten beforehan$& rather $ie on the s!ot. No !oint in )aitin% for the en$ of the fil'& e#erybo$y kno)s it alrea$y. [I The strange thing is that !ara*o>ically it looks like i*ealis"E .hereas this changes the !ers!ecti;esE an* .hat yo' are saying .ith this is so"ething ;ery "aterialisticE e;en if it@s not ob;io's for o'r o.n "entalities. F7I What is i*ealistic in the !ositi;e sense of the ter" is to think that one can ha;e an i"!act on the co'rse of things thro'gh an i*ealistic in;ol;e"ent. ,estiny is not inscribe* in an infrastr'ct're. Ca!italist societies secrete a societyE a s'b2ecti;ity .hich is in no .ay nat'ralE in no .ay necessary. 9ne co'l* ;ery .ell *o so"ething else. What / ref'se is the i*ea of an ine;itable an* necessary !rogra". 9ne see"s to think that history is !rogra""e* like a co"!'ter. This is .hat / "ean by "aking the C'nconscio's .ork.F /t is not 2'st si"!ly *isco;ering itE b't first an* fore"ost bringing it to !ro*'ce its o.n lines of sing'larityE its o.n cartogra!hyE in fact its o.n e>istence. /n shortE there are no reci!es.

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Alt. e2<e$i!ali*e
=t is i'!erati#e to $e2oe$i!ali*ation by 'eans of en%a%e'ent )ith the 'achines of $esire. <e$i!(s is not inherent )ithin (s& )e )ere not born )ith it; it )as create$ in (s.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 11#-11$H The !ractical !roble" of schi(oanalysis isE thenE to ens're the contrasting reversion0 restoring the syntheses of the 'nconscio's to their i""anent 'se. ,e-oe*i!ali(ingE 'n*oing the *a**y-"o""y s!i*er .ebE 'n*oing the beliefs so as to attain the !ro*'ction of *esiring-"achinesE an* to reach the le;el of econo"ic an* social in;est"ents .here the "ilitant analysis co"es into !lay. Nothing is acco"!lishe* as long as "achines are not to'che* '!on. This i"!lies inter;entions that are in fact ;ery concreteL in !lace of the bene;olent !se'*o ne'trality of the 9e*i!al analystE .ho .ants an* 'n*erstan*s only *a**y an* "o""yE .e "'st s'bstit'te a "ale;olentE an o!enly "ale;olent acti;ityI yo'r 9e*i!'s is a f'cking *ragE kee! it '! an* the analysis .ill be sto!!e*E or else .eNll a!!ly a shock treat"ent to yo'L sto! saying *a**y-"o""yL of co'rse JOa"let li;es in yo' as Werther li;es in yo'EJ an* 9e*i!'s tooE an* anything yo' .antE but Jyo' gro. 'terine ar"s an* legsE 'terine li!sE 'terine "'stache. /n tracing back the N"e"ory *eathsN yo'r ego beco"es a sort of "ineral theore" .hich constantly !ro;es the f'tility of li;ing .... Were yo' born Oa"letU 9r *i* yo' not rather create the ty!e in yo'rselfU Whether this be so or notE .hat see"s infinitely "ore i"!ortant is .hy re;ert to "ythUF41

We $on"t kno) )here the re#ol(tionary flo) )ill co'e fro'. Ca!italis' has seale$ off !re#io(s !aths of esca!e& b(t no )orry )hen the $eteritoriali*e$ flo) is reali*e$& e#erythin% beco'es !ossible.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $)+H The act'ali(ation of a re;ol'tionary !otentiality is e>!laine* less by the !reconscio's state of ca'sality in .hich it is nonetheless incl'*e*E than by the efficacy of a libi*inal break at a !recise "o"entE a schi( .hose sole ca'se is *esire-.hich is to say the r'!t're .ith ca'sality that forces a re.riting of history on a le;el .ith the realE an* !ro*'ces this strangely !oly;ocal "o"ent .hen e;erything is !ossible. 9f co'rse the schi( has been !re!are* by a s'bterranean labor of ca'sesE ai"sE an* interests .orking togetherL of co'rse this or*er of ca'ses r'ns the risk of closing an* ce"enting the breach in the na"e of the ne. soci's an* its interests. 9f co'rse one can al.ays say after the fact that history has ne;er cease* being go;erne* by the sa"e la.s of aggregates an* large n'"bers. The fact re"ains that the schi( ca"e into e>istence only by "eans of a *esire .itho't ai" or ca'se that charte* it an* si*e* .ith it. While the schi( is !ossible .itho't the or*er of ca'sesE it beco"es real only by "eans of so"ething of another or*erI ,esireE the *esert-*esireE the re;ol'tionary in;est"ent of *esire. 8n* that is in*ee* .hat 'n*er"ines ca!italis"I .here .ill the re;ol'tion co"e fro"E an* in .hat for" within the e>!loite* "assesU /t is like *eath-.hereE .henU /t .ill be a *eco*e* flo.E a *eterritoriali(e* flo. that r'ns too far an* c'ts too shar!lyE thereby esca!ing fro" the a>io"atic of ca!italis". Will it co"e in the !erson of a CastroE an 8rabE a 5lack &antherE or a China"an on the hori(onU 8 0ay N6+E a ho"e-gro.n 0aoist !lante* like an anchorite on a factory s"okestackU 8l.ays the a**ition of an a>io" to seal off a breach that has been *isco;ere*L fascist colonels start rea*ing 0aoE .e .onNt be foole* againL Castro has beco"e i"!ossibleE e;en in relation to hi"selfL ;ac'oles are isolate*E ghettos create*L 'nions are a!!eale* to for hel!L the "ost sinister for"s of J*iss'asionJ are in;ente*L the re!ression of interest is reinforce*-b't .here .ill the ne. irr'!tion of *esire co"e fro"U41

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Alt. Accelerate Ca!

Relations )ith 'oney '(st be chan%e$. Tra$itional econo'ic sol(tions are fail(res& so let"s re#erse it. We '(st o#erflo) the coffers of ca!italis'.
,ele'(e an* 7'attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13)# G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #$3-#40H So .hat is the sol'tionU Which is the re;ol'tionary !athU &sychoanalysis is of little hel!E entertaining as it *oes the "ost inti"ate of relations .ith "oneyE an* recor*ing-.hile ref'sing to recogni(e it-an entire syste" of econo"ic-"onetary *e!en*ences at the heart of the desire of e;ery s'b2ect it treats. &sychoanalysis constit'tes for its !art a gigantic enter!rise of absor!tion of s'r!l's ;al'e. 5't .hich is the re;ol'tionary !athU /s there oneU-To .ith*ra. fro" the .orl* "arketE as Sa"ir 8"in a*;ises Thir* Worl* co'ntries to *oE in a c'rio's re;i;al of the fascist Jecono"ic sol'tionJU 9r "ight it be to go in the o!!osite *irectionU To go still f'rtherE that isE in the "o;e"ent of the "arketE of *eco*ing an* *eterritoriali(ationU For !erha!s the flo.s are not yet *eterritoriali(e* eno'ghE not *eco*e* eno'ghE fro" the ;ie.!oint of a theory an* a !ractice of a highly schi(o!hrenic character. Not to .ith*ra. fro" the !rocessE b't to go f'rtherE to Jaccelerate the !rocessEJ as Niet(sche !'t itI in this "atterE the tr'th is that .e ha;enNt seen anything yet.

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Alt. Re4ect
.efore any !ositi#e actions can be enacte$& the first task is to re4ect <e$i!(s in all its for's.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $11-$1#H ,estroyE *estroy. The task of schi(oanalysis goes by .ay of *estr'ction a .hole sco'ring of the 'nconscio'sE a co"!lete c'rettage. ,estroy 9e*i!'sE the ill'sion of the egoE the !'!!et of the s'!eregoE g'iltE the la.E castration. /t is not a "atter of !io's *estr'ctionsE s'ch as those !erfor"e* by !sychoanalysis 'n*er the bene;olent ne'tral eye of the analyst. For these are Oegel-style *estr'ctionsE .ays of conser;ing. Oo. is it that the celebrate* ne'tralityE an* .hat !sychoanalysis calls *ares to call the *isa!!earance or the *issol'tion of the 9e*i!'s co"!le>E *o not "ake 's b'rst into la'ghterU We are tol* that 9e*i!'s is in*is!ensableE that it is the so'rce of e;ery !ossible *ifferentiationE an* that it sa;es 's fro" the terrible non *ifferentiate* "other. 5't this terrible "otherE the s!hin>E is herself !art of 9e*i!'sL her non*ifferentiation is "erely the re;erse of the e>cl'si;e *ifferentiations create* by 9e*i!'sE she is herself create* by 9e*i!'sI 9e*i!'s necessarily o!erates in the for" of this *o'ble i"!asse. We are tol* that 9e*i!'s in its t'rn "'st be o;erco"eE an* that this is achie;e* thro'gh castrationE latencyE *ese>'ali(ationE an* s'bli"ation. 5't .hat is castration if not still 9e*i!'sE to the nth !o.erE no. sy"bolicE an* therefore all the "ore ;ir'lentU 8n* .hat is latencyE this !'re fableE if not the silence i"!ose* on *esiring-"achines so that 9e*i!'s can *e;elo!E be fortifie* in 'sE so that it can acc'"'late its !oisono's s!er" an* gain the ti"e necessary for !ro!agating itselfE an* for !assing on to o'r f't're chil*renU 8n* .hat is the eli"ination of castration an>iety in its t'rn *ese>'ali(ation an* s'bli"ation if not *i;ine acce!tance ofE an* infinite resignation toE ba* conscienceE .hich consists for the .o"an of Jthe a!!ease* .ish for a !enis ... *estine* to be con;erte* into a .ish for a baby an* for a h'sban*EJ an* for the "an in ass'"ing his !assi;e attit'*e an* inJGs'b2ectingH hi"self to a father s'bstit'te JU #0

With$ra)al is re#ol(tionary. To re4ect the fasci*in% !ole is to esca!e an$ for' lines of fli%ht.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #)6-#))H /f the fa"ilial in;est"ent is only a *e!en*ence or an a!!lication of the 'nconscio's in;est"ents of the social fiel*-an* if this is 2'st as tr'e of the chil* as of the a*'ltL if it is tr'e that the chil*E thro'gh the "o""yterritoriality an* the *a**y-la.E alrea*y ai"s for the schi((es an* the enco*e* or a>io"ate* flo.s of the social fiel*-then .e "'st trans!ort the essential *ifference to the heart of this *o"ain. ,eliri'" is the general "atri> of e;ery 'nconscio's social in;est"ent. E;ery 'nconscio's in;est"ent "obili(es a *elirio's inter!lay of *isin;est"entsE of co'nterin;est"entsE of o;erin;est"ents. 5't .e ha;e seen in this conte>t that there .ere t.o "a2or ty!es of social in;est"entE segregati;e an* no"a*icE 2'st as there .ere t.o !oles of *eliri'"I firstE a !aranoiac fascisi(ing (fascisant) ty!e or !ole that in;ests the for"ation of central so;ereigntyL o;erin;ests it by "aking it the final eternal ca'se for all the other social for"s of historyL co'nterin;ests the encla;es or the !eri!heryL an* *isin;ests e;ery free Jfig'reJ of *esire-yesE / a" yo'r kin*E an* / belong to the s'!erior race an* class. 8n* secon*E a schi(ore;ol'tionary ty!e or !ole that follo.s the lines of esca!e of *esireL breaches the .all an* ca'ses flo.s to "o;eL asse"bles its "achines an* its gro'!sin-f'sion in the encla;es or at the !eri!hery-!rocee*ing in an in;erse fashion fro" that of the other !oleI / a" not yo'r kin*E / belong eternally to the inferior raceE / a" a beastE a black. 7oo* !eo!le say that .e "'st not fleeE that to esca!e is not goo*E that it isnNt effecti;eE an* that one "'st .ork for refor"s. 5't the re;ol'tionary kno.s that esca!e is re;ol'tionary ; withdrawal, frea!s ; !ro;i*e* one s.ee!s a.ay the social co;er on lea;ingE or ca'ses a !iece of the syste" to get lost in the sh'ffle. What "atters is to break thro'gh the .allE e;en if one has to beco"e black like Rohn 5ro.n. 7eorge Rackson. N/ "ay take flightE b't all the .hile / a" fleeingE / .ill be looking for a .ea!onQJ

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Alt. S S(b4ecti#ity
<(r s(b4ecti#ity is ca!able of controllin% the social fiel$.
.ains& ba*ass an* research scholar at 0'r*och Bni;ersity in 8'striaE #0-6E G&a'lE CS'b2ectless S'b2ecti;itiesF in A 1hoc! to Thought0 &xpressions after <eleuze = -uattariE !. 10#-10$H S'ch a !ro2ect .hich !oses Nabsol'te interioritiesN an* N!roto-s'b2ecti;itiesN sits 'neasily .ithin the conte"!orary h'"anities as o;er the last fifty years or soE .ith the notable e>ce!tion of fe"inist theories that rethink s'b2ecti;ity& a "assi;e co""it"ent has been "a*e to *enyE *econstr'ct or obliterate any conce!t of the Ns'b2ectN an* NinteriorityN. The tra*itional notion of the rationalE conscio'sE Cartesian or !heno"enological s'b2ect has been the inten*e* target of !oststr'ct'ralis" an* !ost"o*ernis" in their *iffering g'ises an* the c'rrent intellect'al lan*sca!e see"s to be i"b'e* .ith the i*ea that any notion of s'b2ecti;ity <.hich "'st s'rely be bringing a Ns'b2ectN or N"in*N in thro'gh the back *oor= is highly s's!ect an* to be treate* .ith *erision or at the ;ery leastE s's!icion. We are enco'rage* by so"e to belie;e that .e inhabit a .orl* of !'re e>teriority <.hate;er that is= an* "ani!'lable Nbo*y !artsN a;ailable for reconfig'ration. <The fascination .ith cyborgs.= 9r e;en a .orl* .here Ns'b2ecti;ityN has been taken o'tsi*e of the skin onto the internet <Stelarc= on the a!!arent ass'"!tion that it ha* been originally like a gas Ninsi*eN so"ething calle* the Nbo*yN .hich no. beco"es a !'rely "aterial s'!!ort. ,'alis" in an* o't thro'gh the bloo*y back *oor. This !re;ailing s's!icion of the conce!t of s'b2ecti;ity re"ains o!erati;e *es!ite the later .orks of 0ichel Fo'ca'lt .hich *e;elo! the notion of Nthe care of the self N <Fo'ca'ltE 13+6= an* the .hole cor!'s of 7illes ,ele'(e an* FSli> 7'attariNs .ork .hich has as its rec'rring the"e the autopoietic or self-referential production of sub#ectivity. That is to sayE the !rocesses of the reali(ation of a'tono"y 'n*erstoo* as Nan e;ent that is in-itself an* for-itselfE an* not as fro" its as!ect in the essence of another s'ch occasionN <Whitehea*E 13$+I+3=. Witho't being able to f'lly *e;elo! this conce!t right no.E it sho'l* be i""e*iately 'n*erstoo* that s'ch a *efinition of a'tono"y or a'to!oiesis *isting'ishes itself fro" any !'rely ther"o*yna"ic *efinition that is solely constit'te* by relational flo.s. 8n a'to!oietic e;ent has an en*o-consistency that is lacking in a ;orte> or *issi!ati;e str'ct're *efine* only by its relational flo.s .ith the s'rro'n*ing "e*i'". 8 baby or a "olec'le or a !ara"eci'" is not in an* of itself a .hirl!ool or ;orte> or a .a;e or a crystal altho'gh it in;ol;es *issi!ati;e str'ct'res an* can *is!lay ;orte>-like Nbeha;io'rN. /t is a so;ereign in*i;i*'al a'tono"y .ith an intrinsic e>istential reality or self- referential territoryE e;en tho'gh it has relations .ith other e>istential territories. /t is a ;al'e that is an en* in itself - for its o.n sake.6ery fe. !hiloso!hers or scientists <.ith the e>ce!tion of S!ino(aE Whitehea*E :'yerE 0at'rana an* ,ele'(e an* 7'attari= ha;e atte"!te* to think the !ossibility of an e>istential integrity that is at the sa"e ti"e in relation .ith other selfreferential territories or e;ents. To think the !ossibility of creati;e affir"ation an* Roy in a .orl* of s'ffering an* resent"ent. /t is easy to be against things b't not so easy to be for so"ething an* kno. ho. to !ro*'ce it.

S(b4ecti#ity is ca!able of controllin% the )orl$ aro(n$ (s. We are 4(st Ab(bbles of !erce!tion&" an$ as s(ch )e can shift o(rsel#es into ne) 'o$es of bein% that can ra$ically reorient reality.
.ains& ba*ass an* research scholar at 0'r*och Bni;ersity in 8'striaE #0-6E G&a'lE CS'b2ectless S'b2ecti;itiesF in A 1hoc! to Thought0 &xpressions after <eleuze = -uattariE !. 10#-10$H For ,ele'(e an* 7'attari h'"an s'b2ecti;ity or interiority <before%beyon* any internal Cartesian s!ectator%cine"a co"!le> or geo"etrical notions of s!atiality= e"erges as a self-referential e>istential Territory at the intersection of "'lti!le co"!onents <"aterialE se"ioticE biological W Caste\a*aNs tonalnag'alI Na fiber stretches fro" a h'"an to an ani"alE fro" a h'"an or an ani"al to "olec'lesE fro" "olec'les to !articlesE an* so on to the i"!erce!tible - a 'ni;erse of "icro!erce!tionsNL Casta\a*aE 133$I#43= .hich are the"sel;es !roto-s'b2ecti;ies or intensi;e sing'larities. Sing'larities are !re-in*i;i*'alE non!ersonalE a-conce!t'al e;ents or Nsensiti;e !ointsN. The 'nity of "in* an* nat're <,ele'(e=. The 5o*y Witho't 9rgans%The &lane of /""anence. 8bsol'te s'r;ey. Caste\a*aNs sorceric acco'nt of !erce!tion an* its ,ele'(o-7'attarian a!!ro!riationE isE as .ill be beco"e blin*ingly ob;io'sE a !ractical !hiloso!hy that is !rofo'n*ly eibni(ian-S!ino(ist. We are self-referentialE a'to!oietic Nb'bbles of !erce!tionN - .hose

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Nasse"blage !ointN can be ra*ically shifte* in or*er to free 's fro" the fight or flight "entality <K.;. Carlos Caste\a*a=. This is in no .ay an i*ealistic s'b2ecti;is" or soli!sistic antirealis'. /n The Three EcologiesE 7'attari e"!hasi(es that s'ch an a!!roach is *iffic'lt to "aintain in conte>ts .here there is s's!icion or e;en a re2ection in !rinci!le of any s!ecific reference to s'b2ecti;ity <7'attariE #000I$6+=. Oe arg'es </ a" glossing on the French te>t= that e;en those .ho *o *eal .ith s'b2ecti;ity take great care to ne;er stray too far fro" !se'*o-scientific !ara*ig"sE borro.e* in !reference fro" the har* sciencesI ther"o*yna"icsE syste"s theoryE ling'isticsE to!ology < acan=E etc. 8s if a scientific s'!er-ego reK'ire* that !sychical entities ha* to be reifie* an* only 'n*erstoo* in ter"s of e>trinsic coor*inates an* !hysical forces. This is not to say that ,ele'(e an* 7'attari *o not a!!ro!riate notions *ra.n fro" the so-calle* har* sciences b't that this is *one <as 7'attari has e"!hasi(e*E 13+0= in ter"s of o!erational borro.ings rather than in ter"s of a scientific s'!er-ego. 7'attari f'rther arg'es that in s'ch con*itions it is har*ly s'r!rising that the h'"an an* social sciences ignore the intrinsically creati;e an* a'to-!ositioning or a'to!oietic *i"ensions of !rocesses of s'b2ecti;ation <7'attariE 13+3bI #4=. Oe also s'ggests that the best cartogra!hies of the !sycheE or if one !refersE the best !sychoanalysesE .ere .ritten by 7oetheE &ro'stE RoyceE 8rta'*E an* 5eckettE rather than by Fre'*E R'ng an* acan. 8n* that in the .ork of the latterE it is the literary !art of their .ork that re"ains the "ost ;al'able. For e>a"!leE Sig"'n* Fre'*Ns The /nter!retation of ,rea"s can be rea* as an e>traor*inary "o*ern no;el. 5y e"!hasing the creati;e !ossibilities inherent to s'b2ecti;ityE 7'attari is arg'ing that all those .ho inter;ene in s'b2ecti;e or !sychical *o"ainsE .hether in*i;i*'al or collecti;e <in e*'cationE healthE c'lt'reE s!ortE artE the "e*iaE the fashion in*'stryE etc.= ha;e an ethical res!onsibility .hich cannot be *issol;e* by a ne'trality base* on a clai" to "astery of the 'nconscio's or scientific kno.le*ge. That is to say .e ha;e a !olitico-ethical res!onsibility for o'r creations or !rogeny .hether ;irt'al or act'al. 6 For the .ay .e in;ent%!osit s'b2ecti;ities an* for o'r rea!!ro!riation of the "eans of !ro*'ction of s'b2ecti;ityE .hich alone .ill enable 's to *eal .ith the eco-syste"ic crises alrea*y eng'lfing 's an* .ith those yet to e"erge <Nthe chaos"ic s!as"s loo"ing on the hori(onNL 7'attari 1334I1$4=. 7'attari *isting'ishes this aesthetic !ara*ig" an* ethico-!olitical res!onsibility fro" classical scientific a!!roaches .hich ob2ectify or reify s'b2ecti;ity in e>trinsic coor*inates an* clai" to act fro" a !osition of *isintereste*ness. 8n i""anent !roto-ethics that *oesnNt e"anate fro" a transcen*ent !lane. ?ree$o' e3ists only )ithin i''anence <S!ino(a=. 7'attari stresses that .e sho'l* look to artistic an* !oetic !ractices for ins!iration in the creati;e !rocesses that are intrinsic to any rein;ention of s'b2ecti;ity or "entality. 8 rein;ention that .ill in;ol;e the three ecologies of the en;iron"entE the soci's an* the !syche.

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Alt. S ichoto'ies
Rhi*o'es break free of se%'entary lines an$ #ice2#ersa. <(r conce!tion of chan%e allo)s for infinite '(lti!licities so $(alis's can ne#er s(r#i#e.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 3-10H 4. &rinci!le of asignifying r'!t'reI against the o;ersignifying breaks se!arating str'ct'res or c'tting across a single str'ct're. 8 rhi(o"e "ay be brokenE shattere* at a gi;en s!otE b't it .ill start '! again on one of its ol* linesE or on ne. lines. Ao' can ne;er get ri* of ants beca'se they for" an ani"al rhi(o"e that can rebo'n* ti"e an* again after "ost of it has been *estroye*. E;ery rhi(o"e contains lines of seg"entarity accor*ing to .hich it is stratifie*E territoriali(e*E organi(e*E signifie*E attrib'te*E etc.E as .ell as lines of *eterritoriali(ation *o.n .hich it constantly flees. There is a r'!t're in the rhi(o"e .hene;er seg"entary lines e>!lo*e into a line of flightE b't the line of flight is !art of the rhi(o"e. These lines al.ays tie back to one another. That is .hy one can ne;er !osit a *'alis" or a *ichoto"yE e;en in the r'*i"entary for" of the goo* an* the ba*. Ao' "ay "ake a r'!t'reE *ra. a line of flightE yet there is still a *anger that yo' .ill reenco'nter organi(ations that restratify e;erythingE for"ations that restore !o.er to a signifierE attrib'tions that reconstit'te a s'b2ectM anything yo' likeE fro" 9e*i!al res'rgences to fascist concretions. 7ro'!s an* in*i;i*'als contain "icrofascis"s 2'st .aiting to crystalli(e. AesE co'chgrass is also a rhi(o"e. 7oo* an* ba* are only the !ro*'cts of an acti;e an* te"!orary selectionE .hich "'st be rene.e*.

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Alt. S +ro(! Go#e'ents

+ro(! Go#e'ents S
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 10-11H Oo. co'l* "o;e"ents of *eterritoriali(ation an* !rocesses of reterritoriali(ation not be relati;eE al.ays connecte*E ca'ght '! in one anotherU The orchi* *eterritoriali(es by for"ing an i"ageE a tracing of a .as!L b't the .as! reterritoriali(es on that i"age. The .as! is ne;ertheless *eterritoriali(e*E beco"ing a !iece in the orchi*Ns re!ro*'cti;e a!!arat's. 5't it reterritoriali(es the orchi* by trans!orting its !ollen. Was! an* orchi*E as heterogeneo's ele"entsE for" a rhi(o"e. /t co'l* be sai* that the orchi* i"itates the .as!E re!ro*'cing its i"age in a signifying fashion <"i"esisE "i"icryE l'reE etc.=. 5't this is tr'e only on the le;el of the strataMa !arallelis" bet.een t.o strata s'ch that a !lant organi(ation on one i"itates an ani"al organi(ation on the other. 8t the sa"e ti"eE so"ething else entirely is going onI not i"itation at all b't a ca!t're of co*eE s'r!l's ;al'e of co*eE an increase in ;alenceE a ;eritable beco"ingE a beco"ing-.as! of the orchi* an* a beco"ing-orchi* of the .as!. Each of these beco"ings brings abo't the *eterritoriali(ation of one ter" an* the reterritoriali(ation of the otherL the t.o beco"ings interlink an* for" relays in a circ'lation of intensities !'shing the *eterritoriali(ation e;er f'rther. There is neither i"itation nor rese"blanceE only an e>!lo*ing of t.o heterogeneo's series on the line of flight co"!ose* by a co""on rhi(o"e that can no longer be attrib'te* to or s'b2'gate* by anything signifying. :e"y Cha';in e>!resses it .ellI Jthe aparallel evolution of t.o beings that ha;e absol'tely nothing to *o .ith each other.J4 0ore generallyE e;ol'tionary sche"as "ay be force* to aban*on the ol* "o*el of the tree an* *escent. Bn*er certain con*itionsE a ;ir's can connect to ger" cells an* trans"it itself as the cell'lar gene of a co"!le> s!eciesL "oreo;erE it can take flightE "o;e into the cells of an entirely *ifferent s!eciesE b't not .itho't bringing .ith it Jgenetic infor"ationJ fro" the first host <for e>a"!leE 5en;eniste an* To*aroNs c'rrent research on a ty!e C ;ir'sE .ith its *o'ble connection to baboon ,N8 an* the ,N8 of certain kin*s of *o"estic cats=. E;ol'tionary sche"as .o'l* no longer follo. "o*els of arborescent *escent going fro" the least to the "ost *ifferentiate*E b't instea* a rhi(o"e o!erating i""e*iately in the heterogeneo's an* 2'"!ing fro" one alrea*y *ifferentiate* line to another.4 9nce againE there is aparallel evolution, of the baboon an* the catL it is ob;io's that they are not "o*els or co!ies of each other <a beco"ing-baboon in the cat *oes not "ean that the cat J!laysJ baboon=. We for" a rhi(o"e .ith o'r ;ir'sesE or rather o'r ;ir'ses ca'se 's to for" a rhi(o"e .ith other ani"als. 8s Francois Racob saysE transfers of genetic "aterial by ;ir'ses or thro'gh other !roce*'resE f'sions of cells originating in *ifferent s!eciesE ha;e res'lts analogo's to those of Jthe abo"inable co'!lings *ear to antiK'ity an* the 0i**le 8ges.J6 Trans;ersal co""'nications bet.een *ifferent lines scra"ble the genealogical trees. 8l.ays look for the "olec'larE or e;en s'b"olec'larE !article .ith .hich .e are allie*. We e;ol;e an* *ie "ore fro" o'r !oly"or!ho's an* rhi(o"atic fl's than fro" here*itary *iseasesE or *iseases that ha;e their o.n line of *escent. The rhi(o"e is an antigenealogy.

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Alt. S Short Ter'

We $on"t nee$ a lon%2ter' conscio(s effort to sol#e& /(ite the contrary. <(r short2ter' 'e'ory is 'ore than eno(%h to enact the alternati#e.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 14-16H Tho'ght is not arborescentE an* the brain is not a roote* or ra"ifie* "atter. What are .rongly calle* J*en*ritesJ *o not ass're the connection of ne'rons in a contin'o's fabric. The *iscontin'ity bet.een cellsE the role of the a>onsE the f'nctioning of the syna!sesE the e>istence of syna!tic "icrofiss'resE the lea! each "essage "akes across these fiss'resE "ake the brain a "'lti!licity i""erse* in its !lane of consistency or ne'rogliaE a .hole 'ncertainE !robabilistic syste" <Jthe 'ncertain ner;o's syste"J=. 0any !eo!le ha;e a tree gro.ing in their hea*sE b't the brain itself is "'ch "ore a grass than a tree. JThe a>on an* the *en*rite t.ist aro'n* each other like bin*.ee* aro'n* bra"blesE .ith syna!ses at each of the thorns.J1# The sa"e goes for "e"ory. Ne'rologists an* !sycho!hysiologists *isting'ish bet.een long-ter" "e"ory an* short-ter" "e"ory <on the or*er of a "in'te=. The *ifference bet.een the" is not si"!ly K'antitati;eI short-ter" "e"ory is of the rhi(o"e or *iagra" ty!eE an* long-ter" "e"ory is arborescent an* centrali(e* <i"!rintE engra"E tracingE or !hotogra!h=. Short-ter" "e"ory is in no .ay s'b2ect to a la. of contig'ity or i""e*iacy to its ob2ectL it can act at a *istanceE co"e or ret'rn a long ti"e afterE b't al.ays 'n*er con*itions of *iscontin'ityE r'!t'reE an* "'lti!licity. F'rther"oreE the *ifference bet.een the t.o kin*s of "e"ory is not that of t.o te"!oral "o*es of a!!rehen*ing the sa"e thingL they *o not gras! the sa"e thingE "e"oryE or i*ea. The s!len*or of the short-ter" /*eaI one .rites 'sing short-ter" "e"oryE an* th's short-ter" i*easE e;en if one rea*s or rerea*s 'sing longter" "e"ory of long-ter" conce!ts. Short-ter" "e"ory incl'*es forgetting as a !rocessL it "erges not .ith the instant b't instea* .ith the ner;o'sE te"!oralE an* collecti;e rhi(o"e. ong-ter" "e"ory <fa"ilyE raceE societyE or ci;ili(ation= traces an* translatesE b't .hat it translates contin'es to act in itE fro" a *istanceE offbeatE in an J'nti"elyJ .ayE not instantaneo'sly.

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Alt. S GanENat(re ichoto'y J ee! EcoK

Schi*oanalysis breaks $o)n the 'an2nat(re $icto'o%y to 'ake e#erythin% a syste' of !ro$(ction.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #H 8 schi(o!hrenic o't for a .alk is a better "o*el than a ne'rotic lying on the analystNs co'ch. 8 breath of fresh airE a relationshi! .ith the o'tsi*e .orl*. en(Ns strollE for e>a"!leE as reconstr'cte* by 5]chner. This .alk o't*oors is *ifferent fro" the "o"ents .hen en( fin*s hi"self closete* .ith his !astorE .ho forces hi" to sit'ate hi"self sociallyE in relationshi! to the 7o* of establishe* religionE in relationshi! to his fatherE to his "other. While taking a stroll o't*oorsE on the other han*E he is in the "o'ntainsE a"i* falling sno.flakesE .ith other go*s or .itho't any go*s at allE .itho't a fa"ilyE .itho't a father or a "otherE .ith nat're. JWhat *oes "y father .antU Can he offer "e "ore than thatU /"!ossible. ea;e "e in !eace.J 1 E;erything is a "achine. Celestial "achinesE the stars or rainbo.s in the skyE al!ine "achines all of the" connecte* to those of his bo*y. The contin'al .hirr of "achines. JOe tho'ght that it "'st be a feeling of en*less bliss to be in contact .ith the !rofo'n* life of e;ery for"E to ha;e a so'l for rocksE "etalsE .aterE an* !lantsE to take into hi"selfE as in a *rea"E e;ery ele"ent of nat'reE like flo.ers that breathe .ith the .a>ing an* .aning of the "oon.1a To be a chloro!hyll- or a !hotosynthesis-"achineE or at least sli! his bo*y into s'ch "achines as one !art a"ong the others. en( has !ro2ecte* hi"self back to a ti"e before the "an-nat're *ichoto"yE before all the co-or*inates base* on this f'n*a"ental *ichoto"y ha;e been lai* *o.n. Oe *oes not li;e nat're as nat'reE b't as a !rocess of !ro*'ction. There is no s'ch thing as either "an or nat're no.E only a !rocess that !ro*'ces the one .ithin the other an* co'!les the "achines together. &ro*'cing-"achinesE *esiring-"achines e;ery.hereE schi(o!hrenic "achinesE all of s!ecies lifeI the self an* the non-selfE o'tsi*e an* insi*eE no longer ha;e any "eaning .hatsoe;er.

Alternati#e sol#es. There is no $ifference bet)een 'an an$ nat(re& they"re t)o si$es of the sa'e coin.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 4-4H Secon*E .e "ake no *istinction bet.een "an an* nat'reI the h'"an essence of nat're an* the nat'ral essence of "an beco"e one .ithin nat're in the for" of !ro*'ction or in*'stryE 2'st as they *o .ithin the life of "an as a s!ecies. /n*'stry is then no longer consi*ere* fro" the e>trinsic !oint of ;ie. of 'tilityE b't rather fro" the !oint of ;ie. of its f'n*a"ental i*entity .ith nat're as !ro*'ction of "an an* by "an.J Not "an as the king of creationE b't rather as the being .ho is in inti"ate contact .ith the !rofo'n* life of all for"s or all ty!es of beingsE .ho is res!onsible for e;en the stars an* ani"al lifeE an* .ho ceaselessly !l'gs an organ-"achine into an energy-"achineE a tree into his bo*yE a breast into his "o'thE the s'n into his assholeI the eternal c'sto*ian of the "achines of the 'ni;erse. This is the secon* "eaning of !rocess as .e 'se the ter"I "an an* nat're are not like t.o o!!osite ter"s confronting each other-not e;en in the sense of bi!olar o!!osites .ithin a relationshi! of ca'sationE i*eationE or e>!ression <ca'se an* effectE s'b2ect an* ob2ectE etc.=L ratherE they are one an* the sa"e essential realityE the !ro*'cer-!ro*'ct. &ro*'ction as !rocess o;ertakes all i*ealistic categories an* constit'tes a cycle .hose relationshi! to *esire is that of an i""anent !rinci!le. That is .hy *esiring!ro*'ction is the !rinci!al concern of a "aterialist !sychiatryE .hich concei;es of an* *eals .ith the schi(o as 2omo natura. This .ill be the caseE ho.e;erE only on one con*itionE .hich in fact constit'tes the thir* "eaning of !rocess as .e 'se the ter"I it "'st not be ;ie.e* as a goal or an en* in itselfE nor "'st it be conf'se* .ith an infinite !er!et'ation of itself. &'tting an en* to the !rocess or !rolonging it in*efinitely-.hichE strictly s!eakingE is tanta"o'nt to en*ing it abr'!tly an* !re"at'relyis .hat creates the artificial schi(o!hrenic fo'n* in "ental instit'tionsI a li"! rag force* into a'tistic beha;iorE !ro*'ce* as an entirely se!arate an* in*e!en*ent entity. ,. O. a.rence says of lo;eI JWe ha;e !'she* a !rocess into a goal. The ai" of any !rocess is not the !er!et'ation of that !rocessE b't the co"!letion thereof. ... The !rocess sho'l* .ork to a co"!letionE not to so"e horror of intensification an* e>tre"ity .herein the so'l an* bo*y 'lti"ately !erish.NUN Schi(o!hrenia is like lo;eI there is no s!ecifically schi(o!hrenic !heno"enon or entityL schi(o!hrenia is the 'ni;erse of

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!ro*'cti;e an* re!ro*'cti;e *esiring-"achinesE 'ni;ersal !ri"ary !ro*'ction as Jthe essential reality of "an an* nat're.J

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Alt. S E3!ression JSin%in%K

E3!ression is a catalyst for chan%e. =t %rants a relationshi! )ith the o(tsi$e an$ airs o(t st(ffy instit(tional offices.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $$4H /s this really the right .ay to bring on better *aysU 8n* arenNt all the *estr'ctions !erfor"e* by schi(oanalysis .orth "ore than this !sychoanalytic conser;atoryE arenNt they "ore a !art of an affir"ati;e taskU J ie *o.nE thenE on the soft co'ch .hich the analyst !ro;i*es an* try to think '! so"ething *ifferent ... if yo' reali(e that he is not a go* b't a h'"an being like yo'rselfE .ith .orriesE *efectsE a"bitionsE frailtiesE that he is not the re!ository of an all-enco"!assing .is*o" G?co*eH b't a .an*ererE along the G*eterritoriali(e*H !athE !erha!s yo' .ill cease !o'ring it o't like a se.erE ho.e;er "elo*io's it "ay so'n* to yo'r earsE an* rise '! on yo'r o.n t.o legs an* sing .ith yo'r o.n 7o*-gi;en ;oice GN'"enH. To confessE to .hineE to co"!lainE to co""iserateE al.ays *e"an*s a toll. To sin% it $oesnLt cost yo( a !enny. Not only $oes it cost nothin%2yo( act(ally enrich others <instea* of infecting the"=W The !hantas"al .orl* is the .orl* .hich has not been f'lly conK'ere* o;er. /t is the .orl* of the !astE ne;er of the f't're. To "o;e for.ar* clinging to the !ast is like *ragging a ball an* chainW We are all g'ilty of cri"eE the great cri"e of not li;ing life to the f'll.$4 Ao' .erenNt born 9e*i!'sE yo' ca'se* it to gro. in yo'rselfL an* yo' ai" to get o't of it thro'gh fantasyE thro'gh castrationE b't this in t'rn yo' ha;e ca'se* to gro. in 9e*i!'s-na"elyE in yo'rselfI the horrible circle. Shit on yo'r .hole "ortifyingE i"aginaryE an* sy"bolic theater. What *oes schi(oanalysis askU Nothing "ore than a bit of a relation to the o'tsi*eE a little real reality. 8n* .e clai" the right to a ra*ical la>ityE a ra*ical inco"!etence-the right to enter the analystNs office an* say it s"ells ba* there. /t reeks of the great *eath an* the little ego.

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Alt. S isco(rse
<(r $isco(rse in this ro(n$ is eno(%h. The alternati#e is a $irect s!eech& free fro' the !olice lan%(a%e"s constraints. The lan%(a%e of $esire 'o#es !eo!le to action.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13C6 GFSli>E C&o!'lar Free :a*ioEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. )6-))H /n *ra.ing '! the Cahiers *e *olSances in 1)+3E the s!okes"en of the Thir* Estate .ere literally ha;ing to in;ent a ne. "e*i'" of e>!ressionE a ne. lang'age. To*ayE the Fo'rth Worl* is also in search of "inor lang'ages to bring !roble"s to light thatE in realityE concern society as a .hole. /t is in this conte>t of e>!eri"enting .ith a ne. ty!e of *irect *e"ocracy that the K'estion of free ra*io is inscribe*. ,irect s!eechE li;ing s!eechE f'll of confi*enceE b't also hesitationE contra*ictionE in*ee* e;en abs'r*ityE is charge* .ith *esire. 8n* it is al.ays this as!ect of *esire that s!okes"enE co""entatorsE an* b'rea'crats of e;ery sta"! ten* to re*'ceE to filter. The lang'age of official "e*ia is !atterne* on the !olice lang'ages of the "anagerial "ilie' an* the 'ni;ersityL it all gets back to a f'n*a"ental s!lit bet.een saying an* *oing accor*ing to .hich only those .ho are "asters of a licit s!eech ha;e the right to act. ang'ages of *esireE on the other han*E in;ent ne. "eans an* ha;e an 'neK'i;ocal ten*ency to lea* straight to actionL they begin by Cto'chingEF by !ro;oking la'ghterE by "o;ing !eo!leE an* then they "ake one .ant to C"o;e o'tEF to.ar* those .ho s!eak an* to.ar* those stakes of concern to the".

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Alt. S 22 Anthro
E%o2loss re4ects anthro!olo%ical !ers!ecti#es.
See'E 1355 G0arkE /ntro*'ction to Anti-OedipusE &. >i>->>H While ,ele'(e an* 7'attari 'se "any a'thors an* conce!tsE this is ne;er *one in an aca*e"ic fashion ai"e* at !ers'a*ing the rea*er. :atherE they 'se these na"es an* i*eas as effects that tra;erse their analysesE generating e;er ne. effectsE as !oints of reference in*ee*E b't also as !oints of intensity an* signs !ointing a .ay o'tI points-signs that offer a "'lti!licity of sol'tions an* a ;ariety of *irections for a ne. style of !olitics. S'ch an a!!roach carries "'ch along .ith itE in the co'rse of its flo.E b't it also lea;es "'ch behin*. Ch'nks of 0ar> an* Fre'* that cannot kee! '! .ith the fast c'rrent .ill be left behin*E b'rie* or forgottenE .hile e;erything in 0ar> an* Fre'* that has to *o .ith ho. things an* !eo!le an* *esires act'ally flo. .ill be ke!tE an* a**e* to the infernal "achine e;oke* abo;e. This !olitical analysis of *esireE this schizoanalysis, beco"es a "ighty tool .here schi(o!hrenia as a !rocess-the schi(-ser;es as a !oint of *e!art're as .ell as a !oint of *estination. ike aingE they enco'rage "ankin* to take a 2o'rneyE the 2o'rney thro'gh ego-loss. They go "'ch f'rther than aing on this !ointE ho.e;er. They 'rge "ankin* to stri! itself of all anthro!o"or!hic an* anthro!ological ar"oringE all "yth an* trage*yE an* all e>istentialis"E in or*er to !ercei;e .hat is nonh'"an in "anE his .ill an* his forcesE his transfor"ations an* "'tations. The h'"an an* social sciences ha;e acc'sto"e* 's to see the fig're of 0an behin* e;ery social e;entE 2'st as Christianity ta'ght 's to see the Eye of the or* looking *o.n '!on 's. S'ch for"s of kno.le*ge !ro2ect an i"age of realityE at the e>!ense of reality itself. They talk fig'res an* icons an* signsE b't fail to !ercei;e forces an* flo.s. They blin* 's to other realitiesE an* es!ecially the reality of !o.er as it s'b2'gates 's. Their f'nction is to ta"eE an* the res'lt is the fabrication of *ocile an* obe*ient s'b2ects.

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Alt. S Nihilis'
<(r anti2<e$i!al e%o2loss is nothin% to fear& it frees (s fro' o(r constraints an$ the !anic in#oke$ at the si%ht of chan%e.
See'E 1355 G0arkE /ntro*'ction to Anti-OedipusE &. >>ii->>iiiH We *efen* so ca'tio'sly against o'r egoically li"ite* e>!eriencesE states aing in The Politics of &xperienceE that it is not s'r!rising to see !eo!le gro. *efensi;e an* !anic at the i*ea of e>!eriencing ego-loss thro'gh the 'se of *r'gs or collecti;e e>!eriences. 5't there is nothing !athological abo't ego-lossE aing a**sL K'ite the contrary. Ego-loss is the e>!erience of all "ankin*E Jof the !ri"al "anE of 8*a" an* !erha!s e;en Ga 2o'rneyH f'rther into the beings of ani"alsE ;egetables an* "inerals.J3 No ageE aing concl'*esE has so lost to'ch .ith this healing !rocess as has o'rs. ,ele'(e an* 7'attariNs schi(oanalytic a!!roach ser;es to begin s'ch a healing !rocess. /ts "a2or task is to *estroy the oe*i!ali(e* an* ne'rotici(e* in*i;i*'al *e!en*encies thro'gh the forging of a collecti;e s'b2ecti;ityE a nonfascist s'b2ect anti-9e*i!'s. 8nti-9e*i!'s is an in*i;i*'al or a gro'! that no longer f'nctions in ter"s of beliefs an* that co"es to re*ee" "ankin*E as Niet(sche foresa.E not only fro" the i*eals that .eighe* it *o.nE Jb't also fro" that .hich .as bo'n* to gro. o't of itE the great na'seaE the .ill to nothingnessE nihilis"L this bell-stroke of noon an* of the great *ecision that liberates the .ill again an* restores its goal to the earth an* his ho!e to "anL this 8ntiChrist an* antinihilist...2e must come one day. >?@A

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Alt. S esire M Re#ol(tionary

esire free fro' re!ression is re#ol(tion in an$ of itself.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 116H /f a society is i*entical .ith its str'ct'res-an a"'sing hy!othesis-then yesE *esire threatens its ;ery being. /t is therefore of ;ital i"!ortance for a society to re!ress *esireE an* e;en to fin* so"ething "ore efficient than re!ressionE so that re!ressionE hierarchyE e>!loitationE an* ser;it'*e are the"sel;es *esire*. /t is K'ite tro'bleso"e to ha;e to say s'ch r'*i"entary thingsI *esire *oes not threaten a society beca'se it is a *esire to slee! .ith the "otherE b't beca'se it is re;ol'tionary. 8n* that *oes not at all "ean that *esire is so"ething other than se>'alityE b't that se>'ality an* lo;e *o not li;e in the be*roo" of 9e*i!'sE they *rea" instea* of .i*e-o!en s!acesE an* ca'se strange flo.s to circ'late that *o not let the"sel;es be stocke* .ithin an establishe* or*er. ,esire *oes not J.antJ re;ol'tionE it is re;ol'tionary in its o.n rightE as tho'gh in;ol'ntarilyE by .anting .hat it .ants. Fro" the beginning of this st'*y .e ha;e "aintaine* both that social !ro*'ction an* *esiring-!ro*'ction are one an* the sa"eE an* that they ha;e *iffering regi"esE .ith the res'lt that a social for" of !ro*'ction e>ercises an essential re!ression of *esiring-!ro*'ctionE an* also that *esiring-!ro*'ction-a JrealJ *esire-is !otentially ca!able of *e"olishing the social for". 5't .hat is a JrealJ*esireE since re!ression is also *esire*U Oo. can .e tell the" a!artU We *e"an* the right to a ;ery *eliberate analysis. For e;en in their contrary 'sesE let 's "ake no "istake abo't itE the same syntheses are at issue.

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Alt. S No) K 6 Chan%e

Unlike !re#io(s re#ol(tions& the alternati#es re'a!!in% of s(b4ecti#ity )ill create the first real chan%e in h('an history.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13C6 GFSli>E C:egi"esE &ath.aysE S'b2ectsEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 11)-11+H With res!ect to the last !ointE one is force* to a*"it that there are ;ery fe. ob2ecti;e in*ications of a shift a.ay fro" o!!ressi;e "ass-"e*ia "o*ernity to.ar* so"e kin* of "ore liberating !ost-"e*ia era in .hich s'b2ecti;e asse"blages of self-reference "ight co"e into their o.n. Ne;erthelessE it is "y g'ess that it is only thro'gh Cre"a!!ingsF of the !ro*'ction of co"!'teri(e* s'b2ecti;ity that the !ath%;oice of self- reference .ill be able to reach its f'll a"!lit'*e. 9b;io'slyE nothing is a foregone concl'sionMan* nothing that co'l* be *one in this *o"ain co'l* e;er s'bstit'te for inno;ati;e social !ractices. The only !oint / a" "aking is thatE 'nlike other re;ol'tions of s'b2ecti;e e"anci!ation S!artac's an* other sla;e rebellionsE !easant re;olts *'ring the :efor"ationE the French :e;ol'tionE the &aris Co""'ne an* so on in*i;i*'al an* social !ractices for the self;alori(ation an* self-organi(ation of s'b2ecti;ity are no. .ithin o'r reach an*E !erha!s for first ti"e in historyE ha;e the !otential to lea* to so"ething "ore en*'ring than "a* an* e!he"eral s!ontaneo's o't!o'rings in other .or*sE to lea* to a f'n*a"ental re!ositioning of h'"an beings in relation to both their "achinic an* nat'ral en;iron"ents <.hichE at any rateE no. ten* to coinci*e=.

Ca!italis's c(rrent hol$ on !o)er 'akes it the 'ost #(lnerable. No) is the key ti'e for chan%e.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13CD GFSli>E CCa!ital as the /ntegral of &o.er For"ationsEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. ###H What li"its .ill the ca!italist classes enco'nter in their enter!rise of con;erting across the boar* all h'"an acti;ities into a 'niK'e se"iotic eK'i;alentU B! to .hat !oint is a re;ol'tionary class str'ggle still concei;able in s'ch a syste" of generali(e* conta"inationsU No *o'bt these li"its are not to be fo'n* a"ong tra*itional re;ol'tionary "o;e"ents. :e;ol'tion is not 'niK'ely !laye* o't at the le;el of e>!licit !olitical *isco'rseE b't also on a far "ore "olec'lar !laneE in "'tations of *esireE artistic an* techno-scientific "'tationsE etc. /n this *i((ying co'rseE ca!italis" is engage* in syste"atic control of e;eryone on this !lanet. To*ayE it is at the a!e> of its !o.erE ha;ing integrate* ChinaE b't !erha!s at the sa"e ti"eE it is abo't to reach an e>tre"e fragility. /ts syste" of *e!en*ency .ill be s'ch that the slightest hitch in its f'nctioning "ay create effects of .hich it .on@t be the "aster.

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Alt. S =ntellect(ality
=n or$er to esca!e a ho'o%eni*e$ s(b4ecti#ity& )e '(st en%a%e the intellect(al f(nction li#e an e3istence enriche$ an$ hetero%eni*e$.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13C1 GFSli>E C,i* Ao' See the WarUEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 1$4-1$6H [I Oo. *o yo' see the role of intellect'als in this reco"!ositionU F7I /t@s an ill'sion to talk like that abo't intellect'als. /ntellect'als are like e;erybo*y else. There are only !refor"e*E !re-"o*ele* s'rfaces of "ass-"e*ia inscri!tion. The ans.ers are !rogra""e* thro'gh the K'estionsE other.ise they are neither aire*E nor broa*cast. There is nothing to e>!ect fro" those .ho a*a!t to this "ass-"e*ia econo"y. This *oes not "ean that there isn@t also an i""ense intellect'al strat'" that reflects an* .orks on it. 5't the conce!t of the intellect'al sho'l* be tho'ght ane.. Who is an intellect'alU Technicians are intellect'alsE teachersE all the !eo!le .ho .ork in e;ery kin* of *isci!line are intellect'als. We sho'l* s!eak abo't the intellect'al f'nctionE an* not abo't intellect'als. The intellect'al f'nction is calle* on to occ'!y !ro*'cti;e an* social !ractices of e;ery kin*. This e>tension of the intellect'al f'nction is so"ething .orth thinking abo't. /t is too easy to acc'se .orkers in the "e*iaE or 2o'rnalists. They are ca'ght in the gears of the !ro*'ction of s'b2ecti;ity like e;eryone else. They ha;e to organi(eE rein;ent an ability to e>!ress the"sel;es asserti;ely. 5't the sa"e thing occ'rs in !sychiatryE e*'cationE 'rban affairsE etc. SoE ho. to reco"!ose collecti;e set-'!s of en'nciation effecti;ely so that intellect'al f'nctions are in a !osition to foil the tra!s constantly set by the !o.ers-that-beU 8n* .hen / say !o.ersE / "ean not only the big !o.ersE like state !o.ersE b't also "olec'lar !o.er .hich creates in !'blic o!inion the nee* to be reass're*E infantili(e*E to syste"atically "ask an* sing'larE anything that has to *o .ith *angerE !ainE *eath an* *esire. /t is these beha;iors of a;oi*anceE this la"ination of the "eans to !ro*'ce s'b2ecti;ityE this kin* of one*i"ensionality that .e ha;e to t'rn aro'n*. This is .hatE in "y ter"inologyE / calle* homogenesis of sub#ectivity. There is a relationshi! .hich is increasingly f'nctional bet.een in*i;i*'als an* goalsE like re;en'eE !restigeE things that t'rn in*i;i*'als into (o"bies of the *o"inant ;al'e-syste". This is K'ite ob;io's in 8"erican s'b2ecti;ity .here the *ollar has a thoro'ghly affecti;e ;al'e. Fort'natelyE there are areas of !otential resistance to this one-*i"ensionality of s'b2ecti;ityM .hat / call a !ossible heterogenesis of s'b2ecti;ity. Chil*hoo* is one of these areas .hichE at least te"!orarilyE CgelsF *ifferentlyE esca!esE "anages to "obili(e a .i*e range of se"ioti(ations to enrich e>istence. /t is also e;erything that !ro;okes crisis in in*i;i*'als. 0e*ia crisesE ne'rotic an* !sychotic crises can be a .ill to creation an* an e>istential affir"ation. &eo!les an* social categories resist as .ell. /n the Bnite* StatesE 8frican 8"ericans clearly are a factor of s'b2ecti;e reco"!osition. /n the ghettoE in *ifferent sectors of lifeE thro'gh songE *ance an* "'sicE they !artly esca!e this le;eling. The reco"!osition of the historical s'b2ect is also achie;e* thro'gh the reco"!osition of s'b2ecti;ity on the "olec'larE in*i;i*'al le;el.

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Alt. S ?aciality
We '(st en%a%e in stran%e beco'in%s to esca!e faciality.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 1)0H We can no. !ro!ose the follo.ing *istinctionI the face is !art of a s'rface-holesE holey s'rfaceE syste". This syste" sho'l* 'n*er no circ'"stances be conf'se* .ith the ;ol'"e-ca;ity syste" !ro!er to the <!ro!rioce!ti;e= bo*y. The hea* is incl'*e* in the bo*yE b't the face is not. The face is a s'rfaceI facial traitsE linesE .rinklesL long faceE sK'are faceE triang'lar faceL the face is a "a!E e;en .hen it is a!!lie* to an* .ra!s a ;ol'"eE e;en .hen it s'rro'n*s an* bor*ers ca;ities that are no. no "ore than holes. The hea*E e;en the h'"an hea*E is not necessarily a face. The face is !ro*'ce* only .hen the hea* ceases to be a !art of the bo*yE .hen it ceases to be co*e* by the bo*yE .hen it ceases to ha;e a "'lti*i"ensionalE !oly;ocal cor!oreal co*eM .hen the bo*yE hea* incl'*e*E has been *eco*e* an* has to be overcoded by so"ething .e shall call the Face. This a"o'nts to saying that the hea*E all the ;ol'"e-ca;ity ele"ents of the hea*E ha;e to be faciali(e*. What acco"!lishes this is the screen .ith holesE the .hite .all%black holeE the abstract "achine !ro*'cing faciality. 5't the o!eration *oes not en* thereI if the hea* an* its ele"ents are faciali(e*E the entire bo*y also can be faciali(e*E co"es to be faciali(e* as !art of an ine;itable !rocess. When the "o'th an* noseE b't first the eyesE beco"e a holey s'rfaceE all the other ;ol'"es an* ca;ities of the bo*y follo.. 8n o!eration .orthy of ,octor 0orea'I horrible an* "agnificent. Oan*E breastE sto"achE !enis an* ;aginaE thighE leg an* footE all co"e to be faciali(e*. Fetishis"E eroto"aniaE etc.E are inse!arable fro" these !rocesses of faciali(ation. /t is not at all a K'estion of taking a !art of the bo*y an* "aking it resemble a faceE or "aking a *rea"-face *ance in a clo'*. No anthro!o"or!his" here. Faciali(ation o!erates not by rese"blance b't by an or*er of reasons. /t is a "'ch "ore 'nconscio's an* "achinic o!eration that *ra.s the entire bo*y across the holey s'rfaceE an* in .hich the role of the face is not as a "o*el or i"ageE b't as an o;erco*ing of all of the *eco*e* !arts. E;erything re"ains se>'alL there is no s'bli"ationE b't there are ne. coor*inates. /t is !recisely beca'se the face *e!en*s on an abstract "achine that it is not content to co;er the hea*E b't to'ches all other !arts of the bo*yE an* e;enE if necessaryE other ob2ects .itho't rese"blance. The K'estion then beco"es .hat circ'"stances trigger the "achine that !ro*'ces the face an* faciali(ation. 8ltho'gh the hea*E e;en the h'"an hea*E is not necessarily a faceE the face is !ro*'ce* in h'"anity. 5't it is !ro*'ce* by a necessity that *oes not a!!ly to h'"an beings Jin general.J The face is not ani"alE b't neither is it h'"an in generalL there is e;en so"ething absol'tely inh'"an abo't the face. /t .o'l* be an error to !rocee* as tho'gh the face beca"e inh'"an only beyon* a certain threshol*I close '!E e>tre"e "agnificationE recon*ite e>!ressionE etc. The inh'"an in h'"an beingsI that is .hat the face is fro" the start. /t is by nat're a close'!E .ith its inani"ate .hite s'rfacesE its shining black holesE its e"!tiness an* bore*o". 5'nker-face. To the !oint that if h'"an beings ha;e a *estinyE it is rather to esca!e the faceE to *is"antle the face an* faciali(ationsE to beco"e i"!erce!tibleE to beco"e clan*estineE not by ret'rning to ani"alityE nor e;en by ret'rning to the hea*E b't by K'ite s!irit'al an* s!ecial beco"ings-ani"alE by strange tr'e beco"ings that get !ast the .all an* get o't of the black holesE that make faciality traits the"sel;es finally el'*e the organi(ation of the faceMfreckles *ashing to.ar* the hori(onE hair carrie* off by the .in*E eyes yo' tra;erse instea* of seeing yo'rself in or ga(ing into in those gl'" face-to-face enco'nters bet.een signifying s'b2ecti;ities. J/ no longer look into the eyes of the .o"an / hol* in "y ar"s b't / s.i" thro'ghE hea* an* ar"s an* legsE an* / see that behin* the sockets of the eyes there is a region 'ne>!lore*E the .orl* of f't'rityE an* here there is no logic .hatsoe;er. . . . / ha;e broken the .all. . .. 0y eyes are 'selessE for they ren*er back only the i"age of the kno.n. 0y .hole bo*y "'st beco"e a constant bea" of lightE "o;ing .ith an e;er greater ra!i*ityE ne;er arreste*E ne;er looking backE ne;er *.in*ling.... Therefore I close my ears, my eyes, my mouth.'''4 5.9. AesE the face has a great f't'reE b't only if it is *estroye*E *is"antle*. 9n the roa* to the asignifying an* as'b2ecti;e. 5't so far .e ha;e e>!laine* nothing of .hat .e sense.

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A6 Per'
The Per'(tation is like the a$$ict& b(t instea$ of relyin% (!on $r(%s it %ets hi%h on instit(tions. The $e!en$ency $estroys the line of fli%ht o(r alternati#e atte'!ts& lea$in% to a line of $estr(ction.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. #+4-#+6H 5't if it is tr'e that *r'gs are linke* to this i""anentE "olec'lar !erce!ti;e ca'salityE .e are still face* .ith the K'estion of .hether they act'ally s'ccee* in *ra.ing the !lane necessary for their action. The ca'sal lineE or the line of flightE of *r'gs is constantly being seg"entari(e* 'n*er the "ost rigi* of for"sE that of *e!en*encyE the hit an* the *oseE the *ealer. E;en in its s'!!le for"E it can "obili(e gra*ients an* threshol*s of !erce!tion to.ar* beco"ings-ani"alE beco"ings-"olec'larE b't e;en this is *one in the conte>t of a relati;ity of threshol*s that restrict the"sel;es to i"itating a !lane of consistency rather than *ra.ing it on an absol'te threshol*. What goo* *oes it *o to !ercei;e as fast as a K'ick-flying bir* if s!ee* an* "o;e"ent contin'e to esca!e so"e.here elseU The *eterritoriali(ations re"ain relati;eE co"!ensate* for by the "ost ab2ect reterritoriali(ationsE so that the i"!erce!tible an* !erce!tion contin'ally !'rs'e or r'n after each other .itho't e;er tr'ly co'!ling. /nstea* of holes in the .orl* allo.ing the .orl* lines the"sel;es to r'n offE the lines of flight coil an* start to s.irl in black holesL to each a**ict a holeE gro'! or in*i;i*'alE like a snail. ,o.nE instea* of high. The "olec'lar "icro!erce!tions are o;erlai* in a*;anceE *e!en*ing on the *r'gE by hall'cinationsE *el'sionsE false !erce!tionsE !hantasiesE or !aranoi* o'tb'rstsL they restore for"s an* s'b2ects e;ery instantE like so "any !hanto"s or *o'bles contin'ally blocking constr'ction of the !lane. 0oreo;erE as .e sa. in o'r en'"eration of the *angersE not only is the !lane of consistency in *anger of being betraye* or thro.n off track thro'gh the infl'ence of other ca'salities that inter;ene in an asse"blage of this kin*E b't the !lane itself engen*ers *angers of its o.nE by .hich it is *is"antle* at the sa"e ti"e as it is constr'cte*. We are no longerE it itself is no longer "aster of s!ee*s. /nstea* of "aking a bo*y .itho't organs s'fficiently rich or f'll for the !assage of intensitiesE *r'g a**icts erect a ;itrifie* or e"!tie* bo*yE or a cancero's oneI the ca'sal lineE creati;e lineE or line of flight i""e*iately t'rns into a line of *eath an* abolition. The abo"inable ;itrification of the ;einsE or the !'r'lence of the noseMthe glassy bo*y of the a**ict. 5lack holes an* lines of *eathE 8rta'*Ns an* 0icha'>Ns .arnings con;erge <they are "ore technicalE "ore consistent than the infor"ationalE !sychoanalyticE or socio!sychological *isco'rse of treat"ent an* assistance centers=. 8rta'*I Ao' .ill not a;oi* hall'cinationsE erroneo's !erce!tionsE sha"eless !hantasiesE or ba* feelingsE like so "any black holes on the !lane of consistencyE beca'se yo'r conscio's .ill also go in that booby-tra!!e* *irection. )# 0icha'>I Ao' .ill no longer be "aster of yo'r s!ee*sE yo' .ill get st'ck in a "a* race bet.een the i"!erce!tible an* !erce!tionE a race all the "ore circ'lar no. that e;erything is relati;e.)$ Ao' .ill be f'll of yo'rselfE yo' .ill lose controlE yo' .ill be on a !lane of consistencyE in a bo*y .itho't organsE b't at a !lace .here yo' .ill al.ays botch the"E e"!ty the"E 'n*o .hat yo' *oE "otionless rags. These .or*s are so "'ch si"!ler than Jerroneo's !erce!tionsJ <8rta'*= or Jba* feelingsJ <0icha'>=E b't say the "ost technical of thingsI that the i""anent "olec'lar an* !erce!ti;e ca'sality of *esire fails in the *r'g-asse"blage. ,r'g a**icts contin'ally fall back into .hat they .ante* to esca!eI a seg"entarity all the "ore rigi* for being "arginalE a territoriali(ation all the "ore artificial for being base* on che"ical s'bstancesE hall'cinatory for"sE an* !hantasy s'b2ectifications. ,r'g a**icts "ay be consi*ere* as !rec'rsors or e>!eri"enters .ho tirelessly bla(e ne. !aths of lifeE b't their ca'tio'sness lacks the fo'n*ation for ca'tion. So they either 2oin the legion of false heroes .ho follo. the confor"ist !ath of a little *eath an* a long fatig'e. 9rE .hat is .orseE all they .ill ha;e *one is "ake an atte"!t only non'sers or for"er 'sers can res'"e an* benefit fro"E secon*arily rectifying the al.ays aborte* !lane of *r'gsE *isco;ering thro'gh *r'gs .hat *r'gs lack for the constr'ction of a !lane of consistency. /s the "istake *r'g 'sers "ake al.ays to start o;er again fro" gro'n* (eroE either going on the *r'g again or K'ittingE .hen .hat they sho'l* *o is "ake it a sto!o;erE to start fro" the J"i**leEJ bif'rcate fro" the "i**leU To s'ccee* in getting *r'nkE b't on !'re .ater <Oenry 0iller=. To s'ccee* in getting highE b't by abstentionE Jto take an* abstainE es!ecially abstainEJ / a" a *rinker of .ater <0icha'>=. To reach the !oint .here Jto get high or not to get highJ is no longer the K'estionE b't rather .hether *r'gs ha;e s'fficiently change* the general con*itions of s!ace an* ti"e !erce!tion so that non'sers can s'ccee* in !assing thro'gh the holes in the .orl* an* follo.ing the lines of flight at the ;ery !lace .here "eans other than *r'gs beco"e necessary. ,r'gs *o not g'arantee i""anenceL ratherE the i""anence of *r'gs allo.s one to forgo the". /s it co.ar*ice or e>!loitation to .ait 'ntil others ha;e taken the risksU NoE it is 2oining an 'n*ertaking in the "i**leE .hile changing the "eans. /t is necessary to &age +0 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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choose the right "olec'leE the .aterE hy*rogenE or heli'" "olec'le. This has nothing to *o .ith "o*elsE all "o*els are "olarI it is necessary to *eter"ine the "olec'les an* !articles in relation to .hich J!ro>i"itiesJ <in*iscernibilitiesE beco"ings= are engen*ere* an* *efine*. The ;ital asse"blageE the life-asse"blageE is theoretically or logically !ossible .ith all kin*s of "olec'lesE siliconE for e>a"!le. 5't it so ha!!ens that this asse"blage is not "achinically !ossible .ith siliconI the abstract "achine *oes not let it !ass beca'se it *oes not *istrib'te (ones of !ro>i"ity that constr'ct the !lane of consistency. )4 We shall see that "achinic reasons are entirely *ifferent fro" logical reasons or !ossibilities. 9ne *oes not confor" to a "o*elE one stra**les the right horse. ,r'g 'sers ha;e not chosen the right "olec'le or the right horse. ,r'gs are too 'n.iel*y to gras! the i"!erce!tible an* beco"ings-i"!erce!tibleL *r'g 'sers belie;e* that *r'gs .o'l* grant the" the !laneE .hen in fact the !lane "'st *istill its o.n *r'gsE re"aining "aster of s!ee*s an* !ro>i"ities.

So lon% as are )ithin the la)s of the State& the alternati#e )ill be bo(n$ by ?aciality. Atte'!ts at chan%e )ill be sca!e%oate$ by an$ kille$.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. 114-11)H FinallyE the face or bo*y of the *es!ot or go* has so"ething like a co'nterbo*yI the bo*y of the tort're*E or betterE of the e>cl'*e*. There is no K'estion that these t.o bo*ies co""'nicateE for the bo*y of the *es!ot is so"eti"es s'b2ecte* to trials of h'"iliation or e;en tort'reE or of e>ile an* e>cl'sion. J8t the o!!osite !ole one "ight i"agine !lacing the bo*y of the con*e"ne* "anL heE tooE has his legal stat'sL he gi;es rise to his o.n cere"onial... not in or*er to gro'n* the s'r!l's !o.er !ossesse* by the !erson of the so;ereignE b't in or*er to co*e the lack of !o.er .ith .hich those s'b2ecte* to !'nish"ent are "arke*. /n the *arkest region of the !olitical fiel* the con*e"ne* "an o'tlines the sy""etricalE in;erte* fig're of the king.J 4 The one .ho is tort're* is f'n*a"entally one .ho loses his or her faceE entering into a beco"ing-ani"alE a beco"ing-"olec'lar the ashes of .hich are thro.n to the .in*. 5't it a!!ears that the one .ho is tort're* is not at all the final ter"E b't rather the first ste! before e>cl'sion. 9e*i!'sE at leastE 'n*erstoo* that. Oe tort're* hi"selfE go'ge* o't his o.n eyesE then .ent a.ay. The riteE the beco"ing-ani"al of the sca!egoat clearly ill'strates thisI a first e>!iatory ani"al is sacrifice*E b't a secon* is *ri;en a.ayE sent o't into the *esert .il*erness. /n the signifying regi"eE the sca!egoat re!resents a ne. for" of increasing entro!y in the syste" of signsI it is charge* .ith e;erything that .as Jba*J in a gi;en !erio*E that isE e;erything that resiste* signifying signsE e;erything that el'*e* the referral fro" sign to sign thro'gh the *ifferent circlesL it also ass'"es e;erything that .as 'nable to recharge the signifier at its center an* carries off e;erything that s!ills beyon* the o'ter"ost circle. FinallyE an* es!eciallyE it incarnates that line of flight the signifying regi"e cannot tolerateE in other .or*sE an absol'te *eterritoriali(ationL the regi"e "'st block a line of this kin* or *efine it in an entirely negati;e fashion !recisely beca'se it e>cee*s the *egree of *eterritoriali(ation of the signifying signE ho.e;er high it "ay be. The line of flight is like a tangent to the circles of signifiance an* the center of the signifier. /t is 'n*er a c'rse. The goatNs an's stan*s o!!osite the face of the *es!ot or go*. 8nything that threatens to !'t the syste" to flight .ill be kille* or !'t to flight itself. 8nything that e>cee*s the e>cess of the signifier or !asses beneath it .ill be "arke* .ith a negati;e ;al'e. Ao'r only choice .ill be bet.een a goatNs ass an* the face of the go*E bet.een sorcerers an* !riests. The co"!lete syste"E thenE consists of the !aranoi* face or bo*y of the *es!ot-go* in the signifying center of the te"!leL the inter!reting !riests .ho contin'ally recharge the signifie* in the te"!leE transfor"ing it into signifierL the hysterical cro.* of !eo!le o'tsi*eE cl'"!e* in tight circlesE .ho 2'"! fro" one circle to anotherL the facelessE *e!ressi;e sca!egoat e"anating fro" the centerE chosenE treate*E an* a*orne* by the !riestsE c'tting across the circles in its hea*long flight into the *esert. This e>cessi;ely hasty o;er;ie. is a!!licable not only to the i"!erial *es!otic regi"e b't to all s'b2ecte*E arborescentE hierarchicalE centere* gro'!sI !olitical !artiesE literary "o;e"entsE !sychoanalytic associationsE fa"iliesE con2'gal 'nitsE etc. The !hotoE facialityE re*'n*ancyE signifianceE an* inter!retation are at .ork e;ery.here. The *reary .orl* of the signifierL its archais" .ith an al.ays conte"!orary f'nctionL its essential *ece!tionE connoting all of its as!ectsL its !rofo'n* antics. The signifier reigns o;er e;ery *o"estic sK'abbleE an* in e;ery State a!!arat's.

War is an ine#itable conse/(ence of the Per'(tation. The State"s coo!tion of the War Gachine lea$s to catastro!hes& not chan%e.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. ##3-#$0H &age +1 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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We are not in;oking any kin* of *eath *ri;e. There are no internal *ri;es in *esireE only asse"blages. ,esire is al.ays asse"ble*L it is .hat the asse"blage *eter"ines it to be. The asse"blage that *ra.s lines of flight is on the sa"e le;el as they areE an* is of the .ar "achine ty!e. 0'tations s!ring fro" this "achineE which in no way has war as its ob#ect, b't rather the e"ission of K'anta of *eterritoriali(ationE the !assage of "'tant flo.s <in this senseE e;ery creation is bro'ght abo't by a .ar "achine=. There are "any reasons to belie;e that the .ar "achine is of a *ifferent originE is a *ifferent asse"blageE than the State a!!arat's. /t is of no"a*ic origin an* is *irecte* against the State a!!arat's. 9ne of the f'n*a"ental !roble"s of the State is to a!!ro!riate this .ar "achine that is foreign to it an* "ake it a !iece in its a!!arat'sE in the for" of a stable "ilitary instit'tionL an* the State has al.ays enco'ntere* "a2or *iffic'lties in this. /t is !recisely .hen the .ar "achine has reache* the !oint that it has no other ob2ect b't .arE it is .hen it s'bstit'tes *estr'ction for "'tationE that it frees the "ost catastro!hic charge. 0'tation is in no .ay a transfor"ation of .arL on the contraryE .ar is like the fall or fail're of "'tationE the only ob2ect left for the .ar "achine after it has lost its !o.er to change. WarE it "'st be sai*E is only the abo"inable resi*'e of the .ar "achineE either after it has allo.e* itself to be a!!ro!riate* by the State a!!arat'sE or e;en .orseE has constr'cte* itself a State a!!arat's ca!able only of *estr'ction. When this ha!!ensE the .ar "achine no longer *ra.s "'tant lines of flightE b't a !'reE col* line of abolition. < aterE .e .ill !ro!ose a theory of the co"!le> relation bet.een the .ar "achine an* .ar.= $1

The !er'(tation relies on the str(ct(res of the Affir'ati#e. =n or$er to en%a%e in tr(e liberation& )e '(st be set free fro' their strict !ara$i%'s an$ en%a%e in a lo%ic %o#erne$ only by )hat affects.
+(attariE ecological acti;ist an* !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,C GFSli>E The Three &cologiesE translate* by /an &in*ar an* &a'l S'ttonE &. 44H /n "a!!ing o't the cartogra!hic reference !oints of the three ecologiesE it is i"!ortant to *is!ense .ith !se'*oscientific !ara*ig"s. This is not si"!ly *'e to the co"!le>ity of the entities 'n*er consi*eration b't "ore f'n*a"entally to the fact that the three ecologies are go;erne* by a *ifferent logic to that of or*inary co""'nication bet.een s!eakers an* listeners .hich has nothing to *o .ith the intelligibility of *isc'rsi;e setsE or the in*eter"inate interlocking of fiel*s of signification. /t is a logic of intensitiesE of a'to-referential e>istential asse"blages engaging in irre;ersible *'rations. /t is the logic not only of h'"an s'b2ects constit'te* as totali(e* bo*iesE b't also of !sychoanalytic !artial ob2ects .hat Winnicott calls transitional ob2ectsE instit'tional ob2ects <Ns'b2ect- gro'!sN=E faces an* lan*sca!esE etc. While the logic of *isc'rsi;e sets en*ea;o'rs to co"!letely *eli"it its ob2ectsE the logic of intensitiesE or eco-logicE is concerne* only .ith the "o;e"ent an* intensity of e;ol'ti;e !rocesses. &rocessE .hich / o!!ose here to syste" or to str'ct'reE stri;es to ca!t're e>istence in the ;ery act of its constit'tionE *efinition an* *eterritoriali(ation. This !rocess of Nfi>ing-into-beingN relates only to e>!ressi;e s'bsets that ha;e broken o't of their totalising fra"e an* ha;e beg'n to .ork on their o.n acco'ntE o;erco"ing their referential sets an* "anifesting the"sel;es as their o.n e>istential in*icesE !rocess'al lines of flight.

B(st like Ne(rosis an$ Psychosis are $efine$ as t)o $istinct !rocesses& so are Schi*oanalysis an$ Psychoanalysis Jaka& G(t(al E3cl(si#ityK.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. #)H Fre'*E for his !artE .o'l* go on to .rite so"e e>traor*inary !ages. Entirely !ractical !agesI his article of 1314 on JThe Bnconscio'sEJ .hich *eals .ith the *ifference bet.een ne'rosis an* !sychosis. Fre'* says that hysterics or obsessi;es are !eo!le ca!able of "aking a global co"!arison bet.een a sock an* a ;aginaE a scar an* castrationE etc. ,o'btlessE it is at one an* the sa"e ti"e that they a!!rehen* the ob2ect globally an* !ercei;e it as lost. Aet it .o'l* ne;er occ'r to a ne'rotic to gras! the skin erotically as a "'lti!licity of !oresE little s!otsE little scars or black holesE or to gras! the sock erotically as a "'lti!licity of stitches. The !sychotic canI J.e sho'l* e>!ect the "'lti!licity of these little ca;ities to !re;ent hi" fro" 'sing the" as s'bstit'tes for the fe"ale genital.J1 Co"!aring a sock to a ;agina is 9KE itNs *one all the ti"eE b't yo'N* ha;e to be insane to co"!are a !'re aggregate of stitches to a fiel* of ;aginasI thatNs .hat Fre'* says. This re!resents an i"!ortant clinical *isco;eryI a .hole *ifference in style bet.een ne'rosis an* !sychosis. For e>a"!leE Sal;a*or ,aliE in atte"!ting to re!ro*'ce his *el'sionsE "ay go on at length abo't TOE rhinoceros hornL he has not for all of that left ne'rotic *isco'rse behin*. 5't .hen he starts co"!aring gooseb'"!s to a fiel* of tiny rhinoceros hornsE .e get the feeling that the at"os!here has change* an* that .e are no. in the !resence of "a*ness. /s it still a &age +# of 10+ All free minds to the front

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K'estion of a co"!arison at allU /t isE ratherE a !'re "'lti!licity that changes ele"entsE or becomes. 9n the "icrological le;elE the little b'"!s Jbeco"eJ hornsE an* the hornsE little !enises.

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A6 Ca!italis' +oo$
Ca!italis' rests an$ (ses science for its !ro!a%ation.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,7 GFSli>E CSyste"sE Str'ct'res an* Ca!italist &rocessEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #43-#40H /s it legiti"ate to kee! s!eaking of ca!italis" as a general entityU 8ren@t the for"al *efinitions that are !ro!ose* a !riori con*e"ne* to obliterate its *i;ersification in ti"e an* ins!aceU Since 0ar>E a *o'ble-tiere* K'estion has been aske*I that of the !lace of ca!italis" in history an* the !lace of history in ca!italis". The sole ele"ent of historical contin'ity .hich a!!ears to be able to characteri(e the ;ario's ;icissit'*es of "o*ern ca!italis" in*ee* see"s to be this !rocess'al character of the technico-scientific transfor"ations it rests on. 9ne can Cfin*F ca!italis" in all !laces an* ti"es as soon as one consi*ers it fro" the !oint of ;ie. of the e>!loitation of the !roletarian classesE or of the "obili(ation of "eans of econo"ic se"ioti(ation .hich are fa;orable to the rise of big "arkets s'ch as fi*'ciary c'rrencyE bills of e>changeE sharesE bon*sE cre*it c'rrencyE etc. 5't the ca!italis"s of the last three cent'ries only really Ctook offF fro" the "o"ent that scienceE in*'strial an* co""ercial technology an* the soci's irre;ersibly linke* their co""on fate together. 8n* e;erything lea*s one to belie;e that in the absence of s'ch a "achinic ne>'s in constant "'tationE the societies .ithin .hich the conte"!orary ca!italistic for"'las !roliferate* .o'l* !robably ha;e been 'nable to o;erco"e the tra'"as of the great crises an* .orl* .arsE an* .o'l* certainly ha;e "et the sa"e en* as so"e great ci;ili(ationsI a s'**enE C'ne>!lainableF *eathE or an inter"inable agony.

The Ca!italist tolerance is a faNa$e for the s(b4(%ation is creates. The #icti's are force$ into nor'ati#e roles an$ co%s in the 'achine.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13CD GFSli>E CTo Oa;e ,one With the 0assacre of the 5o*yEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #3-$0H No "atter ho. "'ch it !roclai"s its !se'*o-toleranceE the ca!italist syste" in all its for"s <fa"ilyE schoolE factoriesE ar"yE co*esE *isco'rse...= contin'es to s'b2'gate all *esiresE se>'alityE an* affects to the *ictatorshi! of its totalitarian organi(ationE fo'n*e* on e>!loitationE !ro!ertyE "ale !o.erE !rofitE !ro*'cti;ity.... Tirelessly it contin'es its *irty .ork of castratingE s'!!ressingE tort'ringE an* *i;i*ing '! o'r bo*ies in or*er to inscribe its la.s on o'r fleshE in or*er to ri;et to o'r s'bconscio's its "echanis"s for re!ro*'cing this syste" of ensla;e"ent. With its throttlingE its stasisE its lesionsE its ne'rosesE the ca!italist state i"!oses its nor"sE establishes its "o*elsE i"!rints its feat'resE assigns its rolesE !ro!agates its !rogra"s.... Bsing e;ery a;ailable access ro'te into o'r organis"sE it insin'ates into the *e!ths of o'r insi*es its roots of *eath. /t 's'r!s o'r organsE *isr'!ts o'r ;ital f'nctionsE "'tilates o'r !leas'resE s'b2'gates all li;e* e>!erience to the control of its con*e"ning 2'*g"ents. /t "akes of each in*i;i*'al a cri!!leE c't off fro" his or her bo*yE a stranger to his or her o.n *esires. To reinforce its social terrorE .hich it forces in*i;i*'als to e>!erience as their o.n g'iltE the ca!italist ar"y of occ'!ation stri;esE thro'gh an e;er "ore refine* syste" of aggressionE !ro;ocation an* black"ailE to re!ressE to e>cl'*eE an* to ne'trali(e all those !ractices of *esire .hich *o not re!ro*'ce the establishe* for" of *o"ination. /n this .ay the syste" !er!et'ates a cent'ries-ol* regi"e of s!oile* !leas'resE sacrificeE resignationE instit'tionali(e* "asochis"E an* *eath. /t is a castrating regi"eE .hich !ro*'ces a g'iltyE ne'roticE scrabblingE s'b"issi;e *r'*ge of a h'"an being.

The incl(sion they !roclai' is a 'etho$ of Ca!italist control. E#erythin% is !er'itte$ to a certain !oint& b(t it"s only )hen the syste' is /(estione$ the tr(e face of Ca!italis' is sho)n e3ter'inatin% any $issent.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 135C GFSli>E CWhy /talyUEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. +1-+#H 8 certain ty!e of br'tality inherite* fro" ca!italist societies of the 13th cent'ry .as sy""etrical .ith a certain tr'th of *esire. So"e !eo!le co'l* still free the"sel;es. The !rogressi;e tightening '! by the 0ar>ist .orker@s &age +4 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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"o;e"ent has !'t a sto! to that. To*ay yo' can@t *esire r'!t'reL yo' can@t *esire re;ol'tionE or in*ee* anything .hich !'ts in K'estion the fra"e.ork an* ;al'es of conte"!orary society. No. the control begins in chil*hoo*E in the n'rsery an* in schoolE for e;eryone "'st be force* into the *o"inant re*'n*ancies of the syste". The re!ressi;e societies no. being establishe* ha;e t.o ne. characteristicsI re!ression is softerE "ore *iff'seE "ore generali(e*E b't at the sa"e ti"e "'ch "ore ;iolent. For all .ho can s'b"itE a*a!tE an* be channele* inE there .ill be a lessening of !olice inter;ention. There .ill be "ore an* "ore !sychologistsE e;en !sychoanalystsE in the !olice *e!art"entL there .ill be "ore co""'nity thera!y a;ailableL the !roble"s of the in*i;i*'al an* of the co'!le .ill be talke* abo't e;ery.hereL re!ression .ill be "ore !sychologically co"!rehensi;e. The .ork of !rostit'tes .ill ha;e to be recogni(e*E there .ill be a *r'g a*;isor on the ra*ioMin shortE there .ill be a general cli"ate of 'n*erstan*ing acce!tance. 5't if there are categories an* in*i;i*'als .ho esca!e this incl'sionE if !eo!le atte"!t to K'estion the general syste" of confine"entE then they .ill be e>ter"inate* like the 5lack &anthers in the B.S.E or their !ersonalities e>ter"inate* as it ha!!ene* .ith the :e* 8r"y Fraction in 7er"any. Skinnerian con*itioning .ill be 'se* all o;er.

Ca!italis' has create$ )orkers )ho $esire only )hat Ca!italis' can !ro$(ce. <(r Kritik strikes at this for'(lation of $esire the #ery basis of Ca!italist control.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 135: GFSli>E CCine"a of ,esireEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 144H The *e;elo!"ent of !ro*'cti;e forces in in*'striali(e* societies <it is tr'e both for ca!italis" an* b'rea'cratic socialis"= in;ol;es an increasing liberation of the energy of *esire. The ca!italist syste" *oes not f'nction si"!ly by !'tting a fl'> of sla;es to .ork. /t *e!en*s on "o*elling in*i;i*'als accor*ing to its !references an*E for this !'r!oseE to !ro!ose an* i"!ose "o*els of *esireI it !'ts "o*els of chil*hoo*E father hoo*E "otherhoo*E an* lo;e in circ'lation. /t la'nches these "o*els the sa"e .ay the a'to"obile in*'stry la'nches a ne. line of cars. The i"!ortant thing is that these "o*els al.ays re"ain co"!atible .ith the a>io"atic of ca!italI the ob2ect of lo;e sho'l* al.ays be an e>cl'si;e ob2ect !artici!ating in the syste" of !ri;ate o.nershi!. The f'n*a"ental eK'ation isI en2oy"ent !ossession. /n*i;i*'als are "o*ele* to a*a!tE like a cogE to the ca!italist "achine. 8t the heart of their *esire an* in the e>ercise of their !leas'reE they ha;e to fin* !ri;ate o.nershi!. They ha;e to in;est it .ith i*ealityI C!ro*'ction for !ro*'ction@s sake.F They can only *esire the ob2ects that the "arket !ro*'ction !ro!oses to the"L they "'st not only s'b"it to the hierarchyE b't e;en "oreE lo;e it as s'ch. To con4(re (! the $an%ers of class str(%%le& ca!italis' has trie$ har$ to intro$(ce a bo(r%eois o)ner into the heart of each )orker. /t is the !rereK'isite of his integration. Tra*itional "o*els that attache* the .orker to his 2obE to his K'arterE to his "oral ;al'esE in*ee* to his religion <e;en if it be socialis"= ha;e all colla!se*. The !aternalistic "o*el of the boss is no longer co"!atible .ith !ro*'ctionE no "ore than that of the !ater fa"ilias .ith the e*'cation of chil*ren. 9ne no. nee*s a *eterritoriali(e* .orkerE so"eone .ho *oes not free(e into !rofessional e>!erienceE b't .ho follo.s the !rogress of technologyE in*ee*E .ho *e;elo!s a certain creati;ityE a certain !artici!ation. 0oreo;erE one nee*s a cons'"er .ho a*a!ts to the e;ol'tion of the "arket. For this reasonE the !roble" raise* is the transfor"ation of tra*itional relations of !ro*'ction an* other relations Mfa"ilialE con2'galE e*'cationalE etc...5't if one rela>es the brakes too abr'!tlyE then it is the "achines of *esire that risk flying off the han*leE an* breaking not only thro'gh the o't*ate* frontiers b't e;en the ne. ones the syste" .ants to establish. The relations of !ro*'ctionE for"ationE an* re!ro*'ction oscillate bet.een i""obilist te"!tations an* archaic fi>ations. The ca!italist 0sol(tion1 consists in !(shin% 'o$els that are at once a$a!te$ to its i'!erati#es of stan$ar$i*ationMi.e.E that *is"antle tra*itional territorialitiesMan$ that reconstit(te an artificial sec(rityL in other .or*sE that "o*erni(e the archais"s an* in2ect artificial ones. /n con*itions s'ch as theseE fro" the angle of !ro*'ctionE the .orker .ill be *eterritoriali(e*L fro" the angle of relations of !ro*'ctionE for"ationE an* re!ro*'ctionE he .ill be reterritoriali(e*.

Ca!italis' 'akes a !oint to kee! ine/(ality ali#e. The social classes are constantly bein% restr(ct(re$ )ith ne) $is!arities in the )ake.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13CD GFSli>E CCa!ital as the /ntegral of &o.er For"ationEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #10H Bnlike .hat 0ar> tho'ghtE Ca!ital .as able to *isengage itself fro" a for"'la that .o'l* ha;e enclose* it in a blin* "o*e of K'antification of e>change ;al'es <that isE controlling the .hole of the "o*es of circ'lation an* !ro*'ction of 'se- ;al'es=.+ Ca!italist ;alori(ation still has not ca'ght the "achinic cancer .hichE fro" the ten*ential lo.ering of the !rofit rate to crises of o;er-!ro*'ctionE sho'l* ha;e le* it to a *ea* en*E an* .hat is &age +4 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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"oreE force* ca!italis" into total isolation. The se"ioti(ation of Ca!ital no. has "ore an* "ore "eans to locateE K'antifyE an* "ani!'late the concrete ;alori(ations of !o.erE an* thereby not only s'r;i;e b't !roliferate. Whate;er a!!earance it "ay gi;e itselfE Ca!ital is not rationalE it is hege"onistic. =t $oes not har'oni*e social for'ations; it enforces socio2econo'ic $is!arities. /t is a !o.er o!eration before being a !rofit o!eration. /t cannot be *e*'ce* fro" a basic "echanis" of !rofitE b't i"!oses itself fro" abo;e. &re;io'sly base* on .hat 0ar> calle* Cthe total social Ca!ital of a co'ntryEF 3 to*ay it relies on a Worl*-Wi*e /ntegrate* Ca!ital. Ca!ital has al.ays relie* on a general "o;e"ent of *eterritoriali(ation of all sectors of the econo"yE of science an* technologyE of "oresE etc. /ts se"iotic e>istence is syste"atically grafte* onto all the technical an* social "'tationsE .hich it *iagra""ati(es an* reterritoriali(es onto the *o"inant !o.er for"ations. E;en at the ti"e .hen it see"e* to be solely centere* on an e>traction of "onetary !rofit fro" co""ercialE banking an* financial acti;ities& Ca!ital as the e>!ression of the "ost *yna"ic ca!italist classes )as alrea$y !racticin% a !olitics of $estr(ction an$ restr(ct(rin%I *eterritotiali(ation of the tra*itional !easantryE constit'tion of an 'rban .orking classE e>!ro!riation of the ol* co""ercial bo'rgeoisie an* the ol* craftsE liK'i*ation of the regional an* se!aratist Carchais"sEF colonial e>!ansionis" etc.10

es!ite )hat their Ca!ital lo#in% s!okes!eo!le 'ay say& Coke bottles are not s(fficient to fill the holes left in societies !l(n$ere$ by Ca!ital.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,: GFSli>E CSyste"sE Str'ct'res an* Ca!italist &rocessesEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #41-#4#H Fe"an* 5ra'*el sho.e* that this f'n*a"entally inegalitarian character of the ca!italist "arkets .as "'ch "ore ;isibleE "'ch less C*resse*-'!F in the era of .orl*-econo"ies centere* aro'n* cities s'ch as 6eniceE 8nt.er!E 7enoaE or 8"ster*a"E than in the era of the conte"!orary .orl* "arket. The ca!italist !roto"arkets *e!loye* the"sel;es in concentric (ones fro" "etro!olises .hich hel* all of the essential econo"ic keys an* reco;ere* the greater !art of s'r!l's-;al'esE .hile in their !eri!heryE they ten*e* to.ar*s a kin* of C(ero *egreeEF *'e to the lethargy of the e>changes an* the lo. le;el of the !rices !re;alent there.$ E;en to*ay it is ob;io's that the e>!loitation of the Thir* Worl* is not at all a "atter of egalitarian e>changesE b't rather of a kin* of !illage Cco"!ensate* by of glass-.areE Coca Cola an* l'>'ry ga*gets *estine* to a han*f'l of a'tochthono's !ri;ilege* ones. This *oes not !re;ent the Cne. econo"istsF of the Chicago SchoolE the Cneo-liberalsEF fro" !reaching the re*ee"ing-;irt'es of the ca!italist "arketE in all !laces an* in all sit'ations. Were one to listen to the"E only the ca!italist "arket .o'l* be able to g'arantee an o!ti"al arbitration bet.een in*i;i*'al !references .ith the least cost an* constraint.4 8ccor*ing to the !ro!onents of this kin* of theoryE the ineK'ality of e>changes 'lti"ately .o'l* only ste" fro" Ci"!erfectionsF in the str'ct'res of the cost of infor"ation in society.4 8 little "ore effort .ith costs an* e;erything .ill be all right. Oo.e;erE it is ob;io's thatE .hether it is .ell or !oorly infor"alE the Thir* Worl* *oes not Ce>changeF its labor an* its .ealth for cases of Coca Cola or e;en barrels of !etrol. /t is set '!on an* ble* to *eath by the intr'sion of the *o"inant econo"ies. 8n* the sa"e hol*sE in other !ro!ortions ho.e;erE in the Thir* an* Fo'rth Worl*s .ithin the .ell-off co'ntries.

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A6 We"re not !sychoanalysis so <e$i!(s $oes not a!!ly

The !sychoanalysts $i$ not in#ent <e$i!(s& /(ite the contrary. <e$i!(s is create$ in social or$er an$ takes sha!e in o(r relationshi!s )ith others.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 1#1-1##H 8t ti"es .e say that 9e*i!'s is nothingE al"ost nothing <.ithin the or*er of *esiring-!ro*'ctionE e;en in the chil*=L at other ti"es .e say that it is e;ery.here <in the enter!rise of *o"esticating the 'nconscio'sE of re!resenting *esire an* the 'nconscio's=. To be s'reE .e ha;e ne;er *rea"e* of saying that !sychoanalysis in;ente* 9e*i!'s. E;erything !oints in the o!!osite *irectionI the s'b2ects of !sychoanalysis arri;e alrea*y oe*i!ali(e*E they *e"an* itE they .ant "ore. Ne.s flashI Stra;insky *eclares before *yingI J0y "isfort'neE / a" s're of itE ca"e fro" "y fatherNs being so *istant .ith "e an* fro" the s"all a"o'nt of affection sho.n "e by "y "other. So / *eci*e* that one *ay / .o'l* sho. the".J /f e;en artists gi;e in to thisE it .o'l* be a "istake to stan* on cere"ony an* hol* to the or*inary scr'!les of a *iligent !sychoanalyst. /f a "'sician tells 's that "'sic *oes not attest to acti;e an* conK'ering forcesE b't to reacti;e forcesE to reactions to *a**y-"o""yE .e ha;e only to !lay again on a !ara*o> *ear to Niet(scheE .hile barely "o*ifying itI Fre'*-as-"'sician. NoE !sychoanalysts in;ent nothingE tho'gh they ha;e in;ente* "'ch in another .ayE an* ha;e legislate* a lotE reinforce* a lotE in2ecte* a lot. 8ll that !sychoanalysts *o is to reinforce the "o;e"entL they a** a last b'rst of energy to the *is!lace"ent of the entire 'nconscio's. What they *o is "erely to "ake the 'nconscio's s!eak accor*ing to the transcen*ent 'ses of synthesis i"!ose* on it by other forcesI 7lobal &ersonsE the Co"!lete 9b2ectE the 7reat &hall'sE the Terrible Bn*ifferentiate* of the /"aginaryE Sy"bolic ,ifferentiationsE Segregation. What !sychoanalysts in;ent is only the transferenceE a transference 9e*i!'sE a cons'lting-roo" 9e*i!'s of 9e*i!'sE es!ecially no>io's an* ;ir'lentE b't .here the s'b2ect finally has .hat he .antsE an* s'cks a.ay at his 9e*i!'s on the f'll bo*y of the analyst. 8n* thatNs alrea*y too "'ch. 5't 9e*i!'s takes sha!e in the fa"ilyE not in the analystNs officeE .hich "erely acts as the last territoriality. 8n* 9e*i!'s is not "a*e by the !erson ca!able of setting .hole continents an* c'lt'res a*rift. Oe is not s'ffering fro" a *i;i*e* self or a shattere* 9e*i!'sE b't on the contraryE fro" ha;ing been bro'ght back to e;erything he ha* left. 8 *ro! in intensity to the bo*y .itho't organs ? 0E a'tis"I the schi(o has no other "eans of reacting to this blocking of all his in;est"ents of realityE the barriers !lace* before hi" by the 9e*i!al syste" of social an* !sychic re!ression. 8s aing saysE they are interr'!te* in their 2o'rney. They ha;e lost reality 5't .hen *i* they lose itU ,'ring the 2o'rneyE or *'ring the interr'!tion of the 2o'rneyU

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A6 Oo(r A(thor"s a Co!2<(t

<(r a(thors" fail(re )as ine#itable& they are 4(st !eo!le. .(t their )orks !ersist& li%htin% e3!losi#e !acka%es for (s to fin$ an$ (se to contin(e the schi*oi$ !rocess.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 1$#-1$$H Strange 8nglo-8"erican literat'reI fro" Tho"as Oar*yE fro" ,. O. a.rence to 0alcol" o.ryE fro" Oenry 0iller to 8llen 7insberg an* Rack Kero'acE "en .ho kno. ho. to lea;eE to scra"ble the co*esE to ca'se flo.s to circ'lateE to tra;erse the *esert of the bo*y .itho't organs. They o;erco"e a li"itL they shatter a .allE the ca!italist barrier. 8n* of co'rse they fail to co"!lete the !rocessL they ne;er cease falling to *o so. The ne'rotic i"!asse again closes-the *a**y-"o""y of oe*i!ali(ationE 8"ericaE the ret'rn to the nati;e lan*s-or else the !er;ersion of the e>otic territorialitiesE then *r'gsE alcohol-or .orse still an ol* fascist *rea". Ne;er has *eliri'" oscillate* "ore bet.een its t.o !oles. 5't thro'gh the i"!asses an* the triangles a schi(o!hrenic flo. "o;esE irresistiblyL s!er"E ri;erE *rainageE infla"e* genital "'c'sE or a strea" of .or*s that *o not let the"sel;es be co*e*E a libi*o that is too fl'i*E too ;isco'sI a ;iolence against synta>E a concerte* *estr'ction of the signifierE non-sense erecte* as a flo.E !oly;ocity that ret'rns to ha'nt all relations. Oo. !oorly the !roble" of literat're is !'tE starting fro" the i*eology that it bearsE or fro" the co-o!tion of it by a social or*er. &eo!le are co-o!te*E not .orksE .hich .ill al.ays co"e to a.ake a slee!ing yo'thE an* .hich ne;er cease e>ten*ing their fla"e. 8s for i*eologyE it is the "ost conf'se* notion beca'se it kee!s 's fro" sei(ing the relationshi! of the literary "achine .ith a fiel* of !ro*'ctionE an* the "o"ent .hen the e"itte* sign breaks thro'gh this Jfor" of the contentJ that .as atte"!ting to "aintain the sign .ithin the or*er of the signifier. Aet it has been a long ti"e since Engels *e"onstrate*E alrea*y a!ro!os of 5al(acE ho. an a'thor is great beca'se he cannot !ro;e hi"self fro" tracing flo.s an* ca'sing the" to circ'lateE flo.s that s!lit as'n*er the catholic an* *es!otic signifier of his .orkE an* that necessarily no'rish a re;ol'tionary "achine on the hori(on. That is .hat style isE or rather the absence of style-asyntacticE agra""aticalI the "o"ent .hen lang'age is no longer *efine* by .hat it saysE e;en less by .hat "akes it a signifying thingE b't by .hat ca'ses it to "o;eE to flo.E an* to e>!lo*e-*esire. For literat're is like schi(o!hreniaI a !rocess an* not a goalE a !ro*'ction an* not an e>!ression.

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A6 Uto!ian
Their conser;ati;e co'nter-K is 'to!ian. To*ay@s "ass changes necessitate re;ol'tionary "o*es of tho'ghtE an* to think other.ise lea;es the real .orl* behin*.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,: GFSli>E CBto!ia To*ayEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. +4H Bto!iaE to*ayE is to belie;e that c'rrent societies .ill be able to contin'e along on their "erry little .ay .itho't "a2or '!hea;als. Social "o*es of organi(ation that !re;ail to*ay on earth are not hol*ing '!E literally an* fig'rati;ely. Oistory is gri!!e* by cra(y !ara"etersI *e"ogra!hyE energyE the technological-scientific e>!losionE !oll'tionE the ar"s race.... The earth is *eterritoriali(ing itself at to! s!ee*. The tr'e 'to!ians are conser;ati;es of all sha!es an* si(es .ho .o'l* like for this Cto hol* '! all the sa"eEF to ret'rn to yester*ay an* the *ay before yester*ay. What is terrifying is o'r lack of collecti;e i"agination in a .orl* that has reache* s'ch a boiling !ointE o'r "yo!ia before all the C"olec'lar re;ol'tionsF .hich kee! !'lling the r'g o't fro" 'n*er 'sE at an accelerate* !ace.

<(r K is e3!ressly a !olitical acti#ity that atte'!ts to co(nteract o(r ti'e for the benefit of the f(t(re. =t is only (to!ian insofar as it atte'!ts to create ne) !ossibilities an$ co(nteract the a(thoritarian i'!lications of the sa'e. PattonE 8ssociate &rofessor of &hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of Sy*neyE 8'straliaE #0--E G&a'lE <eleuze and the PoliticalE !. $H
8ltho'gh not a !olitical !hiloso!her in the sense that he belongs to the *isci!linary genreE ,ele'(e has long hel* the ;ie. that !hiloso!hy is a !olitical acti;ity. This beco"es e>!licit in the final !ro*'ct of his !artnershi! .ith 7'attariE Bhat 4s Philosophy9 <1334=E .here the a'thors en*o. !hiloso!hy .ith a !olitical ;ocation. They *efine !hiloso!hy as the creation of D'nti"ely@ conce!ts in Niet(sche@s sense of this ter"E na"ely Dacting co'nter to o'r ti"eE an* thereby acting on o'r ti"e an*E let 's ho!eE for the benefit of a ti"e to co"e@ <Niet(sche 13+$I essay #E D9n the Bses an* ,isa*;antages of Oistory for ife@E fore.or*=. They arg'e that !hiloso!hy sho'l* be D'to!ian@ in the sense of contrib'ting to the e"ergence of ne. for"s of in*i;i*'al an* collecti;e i*entityE or as they !'t itE s'""oning forth Da ne. earth an* a !eo!le that *oes not yet e>ist@ <,ele'(e an* 7'attari 1334I10+=. Their 'se of the ter" D'to!ia@ "'st be treate* .ith ca'tion since they re2ect a'thoritarian or transcen*ent 'to!ias in fa;o'r of those that are i""anentE re;ol'tionary an* libertarian. /t is .ith this relation to 'to!iaE they arg'eE Dthat !hiloso!hy beco"es !olitical an* takes the criticis" of its o.n ti"e to its highest !oint@ <,ele'(e an* 7'attari 1334I33=.

<(r Kritik is the a'al%a' of theory an$ !ractice in the best )ay !ossible> actin% on o(r o)n behalf re!resents the (nre!resentable an$ o!ens (! ne) !ossibilities for chan%e. PattonE 8ssociate &rofessor of &hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of Sy*neyE 8'straliaE #0--E G&a'lE <eleuze and the PoliticalE !. 4H
/n re!lyE ,ele'(e !oints to the e"ergence of a ne. conce!tion of the relationshi!s bet.een theory an* !ractice in his o.n .ork .ith 7'attari as .ell as in Fo'ca'lt@s .ritingsI a conce!tion that 'n*erstan*s these relationshi!s in a !artial an* frag"entary "annerE not as *eter"inate relationshi!s bet.een Dtheory@ 'n*erstoo* as a totality an* D!ractice@ 'n*erstoo* as an eK'ally 'nifie* !rocess of the a!!lication or i"!le"entation of theoryE b't as Da syste" of relays .ithinWa "'lti!licity of !arts that are both theoretical an* !ractical@ <Fo'ca'lt 13))bI#06=. The conce!tion of theory as a relay of !ractice stan*s in "arke* contrast to the i*ea that the intellect'al re!resents the ;ang'ar* of a !roletarian "o;e"ent .hich e"bo*ies the forces of social change. 6 /t is closer to the i*eal e>!resse* by Niet(sche in DScho!enha'er as E*'cator@ .hen he *ra.s a *istinction bet.een aca*e"ic !hiloso!hers in the ser;ice of the State an* tr'e !hiloso!hers .ho "'st re"ain D!ri;ate thinkers@ <Niet(sche 13+$I essay $E DScho!enha'er as E*'cator@E sections ) an* +=. SartreE .ho" ,ele'(e a*"ire* *'ring his yo'th an* regar*e* as an i"!ortant infl'enceE .as a "o*ern !ara*ig" of the !ri;ate thinker .ho s!oke an* acte* on his o.n behalf rather than as the re!resentati;e of a !olitical !arty or social class. S'ch thinkersE ,ele'(e .roteE seek to align the"sel;es .ith the 'nre!resentable forces that intro*'ce *isor*er an* a *ose of !er"anent re;ol'tion into !olitical an* social life <,ele'(e 13+4I+$4=) D&ri;ate@ is !erha!s not the best &age +3 of 10+ All free minds to the front

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ter" to *escribe s'ch thinkersE since it s'ggests isolation fro" social forces an* social "o;e"ents .henE for ,ele'(eE these are essential con*itions of the acti;ity of thinking.

<(r alternati#e is !ractical> analy*in% the for's of $esire an$ their !olitical i'!lications (tili*es a 'eans to liberation. <(rs is only a res!onse to a !roble' !ose$& an$ the test of o(r Kritik $eter'ines the #al(e of the Affir'ati#e.
PattonE 8ssociate &rofessor of &hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of Sy*neyE 8'straliaE #0--E G&a'lE <eleuze and the PoliticalE !. 4-6H Fo'ca'lt@s <iscipline and Punish !ro;i*es an e>a"!le of this D!ri;ate@ 'se of reasonE to the e>tent that this book "ight be regar*e* as a theoretical relay of the !olitical acti;ity 'n*ertaken by the 7/&. Si"ilarlyE ,ele'(e an* 7'attari@s Anti-Oedipus "ight be 'n*erstoo* as a theoretical relay of !ractical resistance to the role of !sychoanalysis in the re!ression of !otentially re;ol'tionary e>!ressions of *esire. The ai" of their Dschi(oanalysis@ is !ractical rather than theoreticalI the analysis of the for"s of 'nconscio's *esire an* their !olitical in;est"ents is concei;e* as a "eans to the Dliberation@ or 'nblocking of the creati;e or Dschi(o@ !rocesses !resent in a gi;en social fiel*. 8t the sa"e ti"eE .ith regar* to the other si*e of the relation bet.een theory an* !ractice *escribe* abo;eE ,ele'(e *oes not hesitate to *escribe Anti-Oedipus as Dfro" beginning to en* a book of !olitical !hiloso!hy@ <,ele'(e 1334bI1)0=. This book e>e"!lifies his ;ie.E .hich .e *isc'ss in Cha!ter 1E that !hiloso!hy is an* sho'l* be a res!onse to !roble"s that are !ose* o'tsi*e of the aca*e"y. For ,ele'(eE s'ch !roble"s are a cr'cial enabling con*ition of creati;ity in tho'ght. The i*ea that !hiloso!hy creates conce!ts that are inse!arable fro" a for" of life an* "o*e of acti;ity !oints to a constant *i"ension of ,ele'(e@s conce!tion of tho'ght an* !hiloso!hy. /t i"!lies that the test of these conce!ts is 'lti"ately !rag"aticI in the en*E their ;al'e is *eter"ine* by the 'ses to .hich they can be !'tE o'tsi*e as .ell as .ithin !hiloso!hy.

Witho(t !olitical ontolo%y there )o(l$ be no transfor'ati#e !otential. <nly thro(%h #ie)in% the ethical co''it'ents in#ol#e$ can )e s(''on forth ne) Earths.
PattonE 8ssociate &rofessor of &hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of Sy*neyE 8'straliaE #0--E G&a'lE <eleuze and the PoliticalE !. 3H A Thousand Plateaus is not !olitical !hiloso!hy in the sense that it !ro;i*es tools for the 2'stification or critiK'e of !olitical instit'tions an* !rocesses. :atherE it is a !olitical ontology that !ro;i*es tools to *escribe transfor"ati;eE creati;e or *eterritorialising forces an* "o;e"ents. 8t one !oint the a'thors s'ggest that !olitics alone !ro;i*es the hori(on to.ar*s .hich all their efforts are *irecte*I Dbefore being there is !olities@ <,ele'(e an* 7'attari 13+)I#43=. This ontology is an ethics in the sense thatE as for S!ino(aE nor"ati;e co""it"ents are i""anent to their !hiloso!hy of nat're as .ell as their social ontology.3 /n all casesE it !resents a .orl* 'n*erstoo* as a co"!le> of interconnecte* asse"blages <earthE territoryE for"s of *eterritorialisation an* reterritorialisation=E .here the o;erri*ing nor" is that of *eterritorialisation. /t is beca'se they concei;e of !hiloso!hy as an inherently !olitical acti;ity that Bhat 4s Philosophy9 *oes not ha;e a se!arate section *e;ote* to the !olitical. When they *escribe !hiloso!hy as Bto!ian in the sense that it s'""ons forth ne. earths an* ne. !eo!lesE ,ele'(e an* 7'attari align it .ith the creati;e as!ect of this co"!le> !rocess of reterritorialisation an* *eterritorialisation. 5y their acco'ntE !hiloso!hy is 'to!ian in the sense that it o!ens '! the !ossibility of ne. for"s of in*i;i*'al an* collecti;e i*entityE thereby effecting the absol'te *eterritorialisation of the !resent in tho'ght.10

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A6 Schi*o!hrenia +lorification
Schi*o!hrenia is a ne(rotic i'!osition by the State& not so'e i'!licit 'e$ical $isease. <(r alternati#e sets free the flo)s of $esire an$ releases the 0ill.1
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $6#-$6$H What "akes the schi(o!hrenic illE since the ca'se of the illness is not schi(o!hrenia as a !rocessU What transfor"s the breakthro'gh into a break*o.nU /t is the constraine* arrest of the !rocessE or its contin'ation in the ;oi*E or the .ay in .hich it is force* to take itself as a goal. We ha;e seen in this sense ho. social !ro*'ction !ro*'ce* the sick schi(oI constr'cte* on *eco*e* flo.s that constit'te its !rofo'n* ten*ency or its absol'te li"itE ca!italis" is constantly co'nteracting this ten*encyE e>orci(ing this li"it by s'bstit'ting internal relati;e li"its for it that it can re!ro*'ce on an e;er e>!an*ing scaleE or an a>io"atic of flo.s that s'b2ects this ten*ency to the harshest for"s of *es!otis" an* re!ression. /t is in this sense that contra*iction installs itself not only at the le;el of the flo.s that tra;erse the social fiel*E b't at the le;el of their libi*inal in;est"entsE .hich for" the flo.sN constit'ent !arts-bet.een the !aranoiac reconstr'ction of the Brstaat an* the !ositi;e schi(o!hrenic lines of esca!e. Thereafter three !ossibilities e"erge. FirstE the !rocess is arreste*E the li"it of *esiring-!ro*'ction is *is!lace*E tra;estie*E an* no. !asses o;er into the 9e*i!al s'baggregate. So the schi(o is effecti;ely ne'rotici(e*E an* it is this ne'rotici(ation that constit'tes his illnessE for in any case ne'rotici(ation !rece*es ne'rosisE the latter being the res'lt of the for"er. 9rE secon*E the schi(o resists ne'rotici(ation an* oe*i!ali(ation. E;en the 'se of "o*ern reso'rcesE the !'re analytic sceneE the sy"bolic !hall'sE str'ct'ral foreclos'reE an* the na"e of the father *o not s'ccee* in JtakingJ on hi". <Oere againE in these "o*ern reso'rcesE .hat a strange 'se is "a*e of acariNs *isco;eries- acanE .ho .as the first on the contrary to schi(o!hreni(e the analytic fiel*Q= /n this secon* case the !rocessE confronte* .ith a ne'rotici(ation that it resistsE b't that s'ffices to block it on all si*esE is le* to take itself as an en*I a !sychotic is !ro*'ce* .ho esca!es the *elegate* re!ression !ro!erly s!eaking only to take ref'ge in !ri"al re!ressionE closing the bo*y .itho't organs aro'n* itself an* silencing his *esiring-"achines. Catatonia rather than ne'rosisE catatonia rather than 9e*i!'s an* castration-b't it is still an effect of ne'rotici(ationE a co'ntereffect of one an* the sa"e illness. 9r-the thir* case-the !rocess sets to t'rning ro'n* in the ;oi*. Since it is no. a !rocess of *eterritoriali(ationE it can no longer search for an* create its ne. lan*. Confronte* .ith 9e*i!al reterritoriali(ation-an archaicE resi*'alE l'*icro'sly restricte* s!here-it .ill for" still "ore artificial lan*s thatE barring an acci*entE acco""o*ate the"sel;es in one .ay or another to the establishe* or*erI the !er;ert. 8fter allE 9e*i!'s .as alrea*y an artificial s!hereE9 fa"ilyQ 8n* the resistance to 9e*i!'sE the ret'rn to the bo*y .itho't organs .as still an artificial s!hereE 9 asyl'"Q So that e;erything is !er;ersion. 5't e;erything is !sychosis an* !aranoia as .ellE since e;erything is set in "otion by the co'nterin;est"ent of the social fiel* that !ro*'ces the !sychotic. 8gainE e;erything is ne'rosisE since it is an o'tco"e of the ne'rotici(ation that r'ns co'nter to the !rocess. FinallyE e;erything is !rocessE schi(o!hrenia as !rocessE since it is against schi(o!hrenia that e;erything is "eas're*L its !ec'liar tra2ectoryE its ne'rotic arrestsE its !er;erse contin'ations in the ;oi*E its !sychotic finali(ations.

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A6 Refor'is'
=t"s not yo( )ho chan%es the syste'; it"s the syste' )ho chan%es yo(.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13CD GFSli>E CCa!ital as the /ntegral of &o.er For"ationsEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #1$-#14H Ca!italE as the se"iotic o!erator of all the !o.er for"ationsE th's *e!loys a *eterritoriali(e* s'rface of inscri!tion on .hich these fo'r co"!onents .ill e;ol;e. 5't / .ill e"!hasi(e the fact that it is not 2'st a stage .here so"ething .o'l* be re!resente*E a sort of !arlia"entary theater .here the ;ario's !oints of ;ie. .o'l* be confronte* .ith one another. /t .ill also be a *irectly !ro*'cti;e acti;ityE inas"'ch as Ca!ital !artici!ates in the or*ering of "achinic an* social arrange"entsE an* in an entire series of !ros!ecti;e o!erations concerning the". The s!ecific *iagra""atic f'nctions of Ca!italMthat isE f'nctions of inscri!tion .hich are not e>cl'si;ely re!resentational b't o!erationalMFa**F so"ething essential to .hat .o'l* be other.ise a "ere acc'"'lation of the ;ario's co"!onents "entione* abo;e. The ele;ation of the le;el of se"iotic abstraction corres!on*ing to this le;el of *iagra""atis" "ay e;oke .hat 5ertran* :'ssell *escribe* in his theory of logical ty!esE that isE that a f'n*a"ental *iscontin'ity e>ists bet.een a set an* its co"!onents. 5't .ith Ca!italE *iscontin'ity is not 2'st logical b't "achinicE in the sense that it *oes not only e"anate fro" fl'>es of signsE b't also fro" "aterial an* social fl'>es. /n factE the re*'ction-ratio !o.er of the *iagra""atis" !ro!er to Ca!ital is inse!arable fro" the *eterritoriali(ing C*yna"is"F of the ;ario's concrete arrange"ents of ca!italis". This 'akes refor'ist !olitical !ers!ecti#es gro'n*e* on intra- or inter-ca!italist contra*ictions irrele#ant an$ this hol$s tr(e to those )hich e'!hasi*e its h('ani*ation in res!onse to the !ress(re of the 'asses. /t is f'tileE for instanceE to C!layF "'lti-national cor!orations off against national ca!italis"E or 7er"ano-8"erican E'ro!e against the E'ro!e of fatherlan*sE CWesternF liberalis" against the social ca!italis" of the BSS:E North against So'thE etc. Ca!ital thri;es on these contra*ictionsL they are 2'st so "any tests !ro"oting *eterritoriali(ation. A re#ol(tionary alternati#eE if s'ch *oes e>istE can certainly not be establishe$ on s(ch bases.

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A6 <e$i!(s =ne#itable
<e$i!(s is not ine#itable& it"s create$. A knife2bo3 is a knife2bo3 (ntil the infernal 'achine is asse'ble$.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #-$H No. that .e ha;e ha* a look at this stroll of a schi(oE let 's co"!are .hat ha!!ens .hen Sa"'el 5eckettNs characters *eci*e to ;ent're o't*oors. Their ;ario's gaits an* "etho*s of self-loco"otion constit'teE in an* of the"sel;esE a finely t'ne* "achine. 8n* then there is the f'nction of the bicycle in 5eckettNs .orksI .hat relationshi! *oes the bicycle-horn "achine ha;e .ith the "other-an's "achineU JWhat a rest to s!eak of bicycles an* horns. Bnfort'nately it is not of the" / ha;e to s!eakE b't of her .ho bro'ght "e into the .orl*E thro'gh the hole in her arse if "y "e"ory is correct.JU /t is often tho'ght that 9e*i!'sX is an easy s'b2ect to *eal .ithE so"ething !erfectly ob;io'sE a Jgi;enJ that is there fro" the ;ery beginning. 5't that is not so at allI 9e*i!'s !res'!!oses a fantastic re!ression of *esiring-"achines. 8n* .hy are they re!resse*U To .hat en*U /s it really necessary or *esirable to s'b"it to s'ch re!ressionU 8n* .hat "eans are to be 'se* to acco"!lish thisU What o'ght to go insi*e the 9e*i!al triangleE .hat sort of thing is reK'ire* to constr'ct itU 8re a bicycle horn an* "y "otherNs arse s'fficient to *o the 2obU 8renNt there "ore i"!ortant K'estions than theseE ho.e;erU 7i;en a certain effectE .hat "achine is ca!able of !ro*'cing itU 8n* gi;en a certain "achineE .hat can it be 'se* forU Can .e !ossibly g'essE for instanceE .hat a knife rest is 'se* for if all .e are gi;en is a geo"etrical *escri!tion of itU 9r yet another e>a"!leI on being confronte* .ith a co"!lete "achine "a*e '! of si> stones in the right-han* !ocket of "y coat <the !ocket that ser;es as the so'rce of the stones=E fi;e stones in the right-han* !ocket of "y tro'sersE an* fi;e in the left-han* !ocket <trans"ission !ockets=E .ith the re"aining !ocket of "y coat recei;ing the stones that ha;e alrea*y been han*le*E as each of the stones "o;es for.ar* one !ocketE ho. can .e *eter"ine the effect of this circ'it of *istrib'tion in .hich the "o'thE tooE !lays a role as a stone-s'cking "achineU Where in this entire circ'it *o .e fin* the !ro*'ction of se>'al !leas'reU 8t the en* of 5alone <ies, a*y &e*al takes the schi(o!hrenics o't for a ri*e in a ;an an* a ro.boatE an* on a !icnic in the "i*st of nat'reI an infernal "achine is being asse"ble*. JBn*er the skin the bo*y is an o;er-heate* factoryE % an* o'tsi*eE % the in;ali* shinesE % glo.sE % fro" e;ery b'rst !ore.J$

Thin%s ha#e not al)ays been this )ay. <e$i!(s $i$ not al)ays e3ist& b(t since it"s in#ention it has enca!s(late$ society.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 33H The great arg'"ent of fa"ilialis" isI Jat least in the beginning ...JThis arg'"ent "ay be e>!licitly for"'late*E b't it also !ersists i"!licitly in theories that ne;ertheless ref'se the ;ie.!oint of genesis. At least in the beginningE this arg'"ent r'nsE the 'nconscio's is e>!resse* in a state of fa"ilial relations an* constellations .here the :ealE the /"aginaryE an* the Sy"bolic inter"ingle. /n this conce!tionE the "eta!hysical an* social relations arise afterward, in the "anner of a beyon*. 8n* since the beginning al.ays !rocee*s by t.os-this is e;en the necessary con*ition for ren*ering esca!e i"!ossible-a first !re-oe*i!al beginning is in;oke*E Jthe !ri"iti;e non*ifferentiation of the "ost !recocio's stages of the !ersonalityJ in the relationshi! .ith the "otherL then a secon* beginning is in;oke*L 9e*i!'s itself .ith the la. of the father an* the e>cl'si;e *ifferentiations that this la. !rescribes at the heart of the fa"ilyL an* finally latencyE the celebrate* latencyE after .hich the beyon* begins. 5't since this beyon* consists in *'!ing others into taking the sa"e !ath <the chil*ren to co"e=E an* also since the first beginning is sai* to be J!re-oe*i!alJ only to in*icate that it alrea*y belongs to 9e*i!'s as a referential a>isE it is K'ite clear that the t.o en*s of 9e*i!'s ha;e si"!ly been close*E an* that the beyon* an* the after.ar* .ill al.ays be inter!rete* in ter"s of 9e*i!'sE in relation to 9e*i!'sE .ithin the fra"e.ork of 9e*i!'s. E;erything .ill be re*'ce* to 9e*i!'sE as the *isc'ssions on the co"!arati;e role of chil*hoo* factors an* act'al factors in ne'rosis bear o'tI ho. co'l* it be other.iseE so long as the Jact'alJ factor is concei;e* of in this for" of the after.ar*U

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A6 Lenin"s Re#ol(tion
Leninist re#ol(tions are fla)e$ beca(se they rely on conce!tions of class conscio(sness that )ill be incor!orate$ into the ol$ a3io'atic. <nly a %ro(! conscio(sness like o(r alternati#e can attain sol#ency.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. #46-#4)H The i""ense acco"!lish"ent of enin an* the :'ssian :e;ol'tion .as to ha;e forge* a class conscio'sness consonant .ith the ob2ecti;e being or interest of the classE an* as a conseK'enceE to ha;e i"!ose* on the ca!italist co'ntries a recognition of class bi!olarity. 5't this great eninist break *i* not !re;ent the res'rrection of a State ca!italis" insi*e socialis" itself E any "ore than it !re;ente* classical ca!italis" fro" getting ro'n* the break by contin'ing its ;eritable "ole .orkE al.ays electing breaks of breaks that allo.e* it to integrate into its a>io"atic sections of the ne.ly recogni(e* classE .hile thro.ing the 'ncontrolle* re;ol'tionary ele"ents-no "ore controlle* by official socialis" than by ca!italis" itself-f'rther into the *istanceE to the !eri!hery or into encla;es. Th's the only choice left .as bet.een the ne. terroristic an* rigi* a>io"atic K'ickly sat'rate* of the socialist StateE an* the ol* cynical a>io"atic all the "ore *angero's for being fle>ible ari* ne;er sat'rate* of the ca!italist State. 5't in realityE the "ost *irect K'estion is not that of kno.ing .hether an in*'strial society can *o .itho't a s'r!l'sE .itho't the absor!tion of a s'r!l'sE .itho't a co""o*ity-e>changing an* !lanner StateE an* e;en .itho't an eK'i;alent of the bo'rgeoisieI it is e;i*ent both that the ans.er is noE an* that in these ter"s the K'estion is !oorly !'t. Nor is it a K'estion of kno.ing .hether or not class conscio'snessE e"bo*ie* in a !arty or a StateE betrays the ob2ecti;e class interests to .hich a kin* of !otential s!ontaneity .o'l* be ascribe*E s'ffocate* by the agents clai"ing to re!resent that interest. SartreNs analysis in riti.ue de la raison dialecti.ue a!!ears to 's !rofo'n*ly correct .here he concl'*es that there *oes not e>ist any class s!ontaneityE b't only a Cgro'!F s!ontaneityI .hence the necessity for *isting'ishing NNgro'!s-in-f'sionNN fro" the classE .hich re"ains CserialEF re!resente* by the !arty or the State.3$ 8n* the t.o *o not e>ist on the sa"e scale. This is beca'se class interest re"ains a f'nction of the large "olar aggregatesL at "erely *efines a collecti;e !reconscio's that is necessarily re!resente* in a *istinct conscio'sness thatE at this le;elE *oes not e;en !resent any gro'n*s for asking .hether it betrays or notE alienates or notE *efor"s or not. The !roble" is sit'ate* thereE bet.een 'nconscio's gro'! *esires an* !reconscio's class interests. /t is only starting fro" this !ointE as .e shall seeE that one is able to !ose the K'estions iss'ing in*irectly there fro"E concerning the class !reconscio's an* the re!resentati;e for"s of class conscio'snessE an* the nat're of the interests an* the !rocess of their reali(ation. :eich al.ays co"es back to 's .ith his innocent stan*ar*sE clai"ing the rights of a !rior *istinction bet.een *esire an* interestI CThe lea*ershi! has no task "ore 'rgentE besi*es that of acK'iring a !recise 'n*erstan*ing of the ob2ecti;e historical !rocessE than to 'n*erstan* I <a= .hat are the !rogressi;e *esiresE i*eas an* tho'ghts .hich are latent in !eo!le of *ifferent social strataE occ'!ationsE age gro'!s an* se>esE an* <b= .hat are the *esiresE fearsE tho'ghts an* i*eas <Dtra*itional bon*s@= .hich !re;ent the !rogressi;e *esiresE i*easE etc.E fro.n *c;elo!ing.NN34 <The lea*ershi! has a ten*ency rather to re!lyI .hen / hear the .or* NN*esireENN / !'ll o't "y g'n.=

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A6 Oo( Create a ichoto'yE (alis'

The /(estion of o(r o)n $(alis' 'isses the !oint. We only in#oke one in or$er to criti/(e. This 'ay so(n$ hy!ocritical& b(t 1K )e $on"t s(!!ose to establish a stable social or$er base$ on o(r $(alis' an$ 6K they 'is(n$erstan$ the rhi*o'e2arborescent $istinction.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, &. #0-#1H 8t the sa"e ti"eE .e are on the .rong track .ith all these geogra!hical *istrib'tions. 8n i"!asse. So "'ch the better. /f it is a K'estion of sho.ing that rhi(o"es also ha;e their o.nE e;en "ore rigi*E *es!otis" an* hierarchyE then fine an* goo*I for there is no *'alis"E no ontological *'alis" bet.een here an* thereE no a>iological *'alis" bet.een goo* an* ba*E no blen* or 8"erican synthesis. There are knots of arborescence in rhi(o"esE an* rhi(o"atic offshoots in roots. 0oreo;erE there are *es!otic for"ations of i""anence an* channeli(ation s!ecific to rhi(o"esE 2'st as there are anarchic *efor"ations in the transcen*ent syste" of treesE aerial rootsE an* s'bterranean ste"s. The i"!ortant !oint is that the root-tree an* canal-rhi(o"e are not t.o o!!ose* "o*elsI the first o!erates as a transcen*ent "o*el an* tracingE e;en if it engen*ers its o.n esca!esL the secon* o!erates as an i""anent !rocess that o;ert'rns the "o*el an* o'tlines a "a!E e;en if it constit'tes its o.n hierarchiesE e;en if it gi;es rise to a *es!otic channel. /t is not a K'estion of this or that !lace on earthE or of a gi;en "o"ent in historyE still less of this or that category of tho'ght. /t is a K'estion of a "o*el that is !er!et'ally in constr'ction or colla!singE an* of a !rocess that is !er!et'ally !rolonging itselfE breaking off an* starting '! again. NoE this is not a ne. or *ifferent *'alis". The !roble" of .ritingI in or*er to *esignate so"ething e>actlyE ane>act e>!ressions are 'tterly 'na;oi*able. Not at all beca'se it is a necessary ste!E or beca'se one can only a*;ance by a!!ro>i"ationsI ane>actit'*e is in no .ay an a!!ro>i"ationL on the contraryE it is the e>act !assage of that .hich is 'n*er .ay. We in;oke one *'alis" only in or*er to challenge another. We e"!loy a *'alis" of "o*els only in or*er to arri;e at a !rocess that challenges all "o*els. Each ti"eE "ental correcti;es are necessary to 'n*o the *'alis"s .e ha* no .ish to constr'ct b't thro'gh .hich .e !ass. 8rri;e at the "agic for"'la .e all seekM& B:8 /S0 ? 09N/S0M;ia all the *'alis"s that are the ene"yE an entirely necessary ene"yE the f'rnit're .e are fore;er rearranging.

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A6 AllianceEGo#e'ents
Chan%e )ill co'e& b(t it cannot co'e fro' a 'o#e'ent or else it )ill cr('ble an$ t(rn into another search for Gar3ist (to!ias.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,- GFSli>E CWhy /talyUEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. +$H / a" of a generation .hich really e>!erience* a *ea*locke* society. Stalinis" then .as an instit'tionE a .all blocking the hori(on to infinity. / no. sense an e>traor*inary acceleration in the *eco"!osition of all coor*inates. /t@s a treat 2'st the sa"e. 8ll this has to cr'"ble *o.nE b't ob;io'sly it .on@t co"e fro" any re;ol'tionary organi(ation. 9ther.ise yo' fall back on the "ost "echanistic 'to!ias of the re;ol'tionE the 0ar>ist si"!lificationsI at the en* of the roa* lies ;ictory.... /t@s not the black hole of the 13th cent'ryE lots of things ha;e ha!!ene* sinceE like the barbarians at the gates. &olitical s'!erstr'ct'res an* syste"s of re!resentation .ill colla!se or cr'"ble *o.n in ri*ic'le an* inanityE b't there are alrea*y an enor"o's n'"ber of things .hich f'nctionE an* f'nction re"arkably .ellE .hether at the le;el of scienceE estheticsE or in the in;enti;eness of *aily life. There is an e>traor*inary ;itality in the "achinic !rocesses.

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A6 Gar3is' .a$
<(r Kritik aban$ons 'any tra$itional Gar3ist #ie)s. Gake the' !ro#e o(r car$s !ortray the i$eolo%ies they criti/(e.
PattonE 8ssociate &rofessor of &hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of Sy*neyE 8'straliaE #0--E G&a'lE <eleuze and the PoliticalE !. 6-)H ,es!ite their a*o!tion of as!ects of 0ar>@s social an* econo"ic theoryE there are significant !oints at .hich ,ele'(e an* 7'attari aban*on tra*itional 0ar>ist ;ie.s. They re2ect the 0ar>ist !hiloso!hy of history in fa;o'r of a *ifferential ty!ology of the "acro- an* "icro-asse"blages .hich *eter"ine the character of social life. They re2ect the i*ea that contra*iction is the "otor of historical !rogress an* arg'e that a society is *efine* less by its contra*ictions than by its lines of flight or *eterritorialisation. They re2ect any internal or e;ol'tionist acco'nt of the origins of the State in fa;o'r of a neo-Niet(schean ;ie. accor*ing to .hich the for" of the State has al.ays e>iste* e;en if only as a ;irt'al ten*ency resiste* by other !rocesses .ithin a gi;en social fiel*. 8ct'al States are as often as not i"!ose* fro" .itho't. They re2ect econo"ic *eter"inis" in fa;o'r of a D"achinic *eter"inis"@ accor*ing to .hich collecti;e asse"blages of en'nciation *eter"ine the social 'sage of lang'age an* e;en the tools e"!loye* in a gi;en society D!res'!!ose a social "achine that selects the" an* takes the" into its DD!hyl'"F@ <,ele'(e an* 7'attari 13+)I30=.

Gar3ist Theory can only ret(rn to its roots thro(%h !ractice an$ (se. enyin% o(r Kritik !er!et(ates the %hetto )ithin )hich theory is tra!!e$.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 1355 GFSli>E CFre'*o-0ar>is"EF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 1+3-130H Theoretical acti;ity esca!es only .ith *iffic'lty the !ro!ensity of ca!italis" to rit'ali(e an* retrie;e any "ini"ally s'b;ersi;e !ractice by c'tting it off fro" its libi*inal in;est"entsL only confronting real str'ggles can theoretical acti;ity ho!e to lea;e its ghetto. The !ri"ary task of a theory "'st be to *iscern the !ossible .ays in .hich it can in;a*e the social fiel*E rather than g'arantee the K'asi-"ystical e>ercise of !sychoanalytical ea;es*ro!!ing s'ch as it has e;ol;e* since Fre'*. Correlati;elyE any theoretical *e;elo!"ent bearing '!on class str'ggle at this ti"e sho'l* be concerne* !ri"arily .ith its connection .ith libi*inal !ro*'ction an* its i"!act on the creati;ity of the "asses. 0ar>is"E in all its ;ersionsE e>cl'*es *esireE an* loses its g'ts .ith b'rea'cracy an* h'"anis"E .hile Fre'*ianis"E fro" its ;ery beginningE has not only been alien to class str'ggleE b't "oreo;er has contin'e* to *istort its first *isco;eries abo't *esire by trying to lea* it backE han*c'ffe*E to the fa"ilial an* social nor"s of the establish"ent. The ref'sal to confront these f'n*a"ental *eficienciesE the atte"!t to "ask the"E lea* one to belie;e that the internal li"its of these theories are act'ally ins'r"o'ntable.

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A6 Anarchis' .a$
Tho(%h on s(rface o(r K 'ay see' anarchist& )e aban$on the %ran$ a!!roach to %lobal chan%e that it in$(l%es& o!tin% for a tactic of local beco'in%. PattonE 8ssociate &rofessor of &hiloso!hy at the Bni;ersity of Sy*neyE 8'straliaE #0--E G&a'lE <eleuze and the
PoliticalE !. +H The anti-statist an* "inoritarian tenor of ,ele'(e an* 7'attari@s !olitics lea*s so"e co""entators to re!resent the" as a ne. s!ecies of anarchist. Aet .hile they share the anarchist s's!icion of !olitical re!resentationE they are no less s's!icio's of atte"!ts to t'rn the !rinci!les of non-coerci;e an* non-hierarchical organisation into a bl'e!rint for society as a .hole. To** 0ay has s'ggeste* that the !olitical !ers!ecti;e .hich they share .ith so"e other !oststr'ct'ralists s'ch as Fo'ca'lt an* yotar* "ay be consi*ere* an offshoot of the anarchist tra*ition. Oe arg'es that this ne. anarchis" Dretains the i*eas of intersecting an* irre*'cible local str'gglesE of a .ariness abo't re!resentationE of the !olitical as in;esting the entire fiel* of social relationshi!sE an* of the social as a net.ork rather than a close* holis"E a concentric fiel*E or a hierarchy@ <0ay 1334I+4=. Oo.e;erE 0ay also notes thatE in co""on .ith other !oststr'ct'ralist thinkersE ,ele'(e an* 7'attari aban*on se;eral key ass'"!tions of classical anarchist tho'ghtE s'ch as the re!ressi;e conce!tion of !o.er an* a belief in the essentially benign an* coo!erati;e character of h'"an nat're. 8s he !oints o'tE their ;ersion of !oststr'ct'ralist !olitics re"ains a tactical rather than a strategic style of !olitical tho'ghtE *irecte* at !artic'lar or local for"s of re;ol'tionary-beco"ing rather than .holesale social change. S'ch a !olitical !hiloso!hy offers no g'aranteesI it is not a narrati;e of ine;itable !rogressE nor *oes it offer the sec'rity of co""it"ent to a single set of ;al'es against .hich !rogress "ay be 2'*ge*. ,oes this entail a !essi"is" or nihilis" abo't the h'"an con*itionE a certain tragic note as Negri s'ggests <,ele'(e 1334bI1)$=U ,ele'(e re!lies that it *oes not an* thatE on the contraryE the fact that "o;e"ents can al.ays beco"e bogge* *o.n in history or that re;ol'tionary !rocesses can t'rn o't ba*ly i"!lies the nee* for a !er"anent Dconcern@ or ;igilance .ith regar* to the fate of the lines of flight along .hich "o;e"ent is !ossible <,ele'(e 1334bI1)$=.

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A6 Role of the Analyst Alt

Ass('in% the role of the analyst for%oes a relationshi! )ith the o(tsi$e. Psychoanalysis )ill al)ays re'ain st(ck )ithin Ca!italis'& oe$i!ali*in% as it %oes. =nstea$& )e sho(l$ !(rs(e lines of fli%ht fro' the st(ffy office of the analyst.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $4)H Too "'ch al.ays !enetrates fro" the o'tsi*eE .here the analyst is concerne*E too "'ch !enetrates into his office. E;en the close* fa"ilial scene a!!ears to hi" to be an e>cessi;e o'tsi*e. Oe !ro"otes the !'re analytic sceneE an office 9e*i!'s an* an office castrationE that sho'l* be its o.n realityE its o.n !roofE an* thatE contrary to the "o;e"entE !ro;es itself only by not .orkingE by being inter"inable. &sychoanalysis has beco"e K'ite a st'!efying *r'gE .here the strangest !ersonal *e!en*ence allo.s the clients to forgetE *'ring the ti"e s!ent in sessions on the co'chE the econo"ic *e!en*encies that *ri;e the" there in the first !lace <a bit like the .ay the *eco*ing of flo.s entails a reinforce"ent of bon*age=. ,o these !sychoanalysts .ho are oe*i!ali(ing .o"enE chil*renE blacksE an* ani"als kno. .hat they are *oingU We *rea" of entering their officesE o!ening the .in*o.s an* sayingE J/t s"ells st'ffy in here-so"e relation .ith the o'tsi*eE if yo' !lease.J For *esire *oes not s'r;i;e c't off fro" the o'tsi*eE c't off fro" its econo"ic an* social in;est"ents an* co'nter in;est"ents. 8n* if there isE to 'se Fre'*Ns ter"sE a J!'rely erotic "oti;eEJ it is certainly not 9e*i!'s that harbors itE nor the !hall's that act'ates itE nor castration that trans"its it. The eroticE the !'rely erotic "oti;e !er;a*es the social fiel*E .here;er *esiring-"achines are aggl'tinate* or *is!erse* in social "achinesE an* .here lo;e-ob2ect choices occ'r at the "eeting !lace of the t.o kin*s of "achineE follo.ing lines of esca!e or integration. Will 8aron lea;e .ith his fl'teE .hich is not a !hall'sE b't a *esiring-"achine an* a !rocess of *eterritoriali(ationU

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A6 Lack
There is no s(ch thin% as a lack. .eco'in%s are all !(re& !ositi#e '(lti!licites. Re$(cin% the' to ne%ati#es an$ holes $isr(!ts !ositi#e chan%e.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 13,- G7illes an* Feli>E A Thousand Plateaus, $1-$#H What sho'l* ha;e been *one is the o!!ositeE all of this sho'l* be 'n*erstoo* in intensityI the Wolf is the !ackE in other .or*sE the "'lti!licity instantaneo'sly a!!rehen*e* as s'ch insofar as it a!!roaches or "o;es a.ay fro" (eroE each *istance being non*eco"!osable. 1ero is the bo*y .itho't organs of the Wolf-0an. /f the 'nconscio's kno.s nothing of negationE it is beca'se there is nothing negati;e in the 'nconscio'sE only in*efinite "o;es to.ar* an* a.ay fro" (eroE .hich *oes not at all e>!ress lack b't rather the !ositi;ity of the f'll bo*y as s'!!ort an* !ro! <Jfor an affl'> is necessary si"!ly to signify the absence of intensityJ=. The .ol;es *esignate an intensityE a ban* of intensityE a threshol* of intensity on the Wolf-0anNs bo*y .itho't organs. 8 *entist tol* the Wolf-0an that he J.o'l* soon lose all his teeth beca'se of the ;iolence of his biteJ an* that his g'"s .ere !ocke* .ith !'st'les an* little holes.4 Ra. as high intensityE teeth as lo. intensityE an* !'st'lar g'"s as a!!roach to (ero. The .olfE as the instantaneo's a!!rehension of a "'lti!licity in a gi;en regionE is not a re!resentati;eE a s'bstit'teE b't an 4 feel. / feel "yself beco"ing a .olfE one .olf a"ong othersE on the e*ge of the !ack. 8 cry of ang'ishE the only one Fre'* hearsI Oel! "e not beco"e .olf <or the o!!ositeE Oel! "e not fail in this beco"ing=. /t is not a K'estion of re!resentationI *onNt think for a "in'te that it has to *o .ith belie;ing oneself a .olfE re!resenting oneself as a .olf. The .olfE .ol;esE are intensitiesE s!ee*sE te"!erat'resE non*eco"!osable ;ariable *istances. 8 s.ar"ingE a .olfing. Who co'l* e;er belie;e that the anal "achine bears no relation to the .olf "achineE or that the t.o are only linke* by an 9e*i!al a!!arat'sE by the all-too-h'"an fig're of the FatherU For in the en* the an's also e>!resses an intensityE in this case the a!!roach to (ero of a *istance that cannot be *eco"!ose* .itho't its ele"ents changing in nat're. A field of anuses, #ust li!e a pac! of wolves. ,oes not the chil*E on the !eri!heryE hol* onto the .ol;es by his an'sU The 2a. *escen*s to the an's. Ool* onto those .ol;es by yo'r 2a. an* yo'r an's. The 2a. is not a .olf 2a.E itNs not that si"!leL 2a. an* .olf for" a "'lti!licity that is transfor"e* into eye an* .olfE an's an* .olfE as a f'nction of other *istancesE at other s!ee*sE .ith other "'lti!licitiesE bet.een threshol*s. ines of flight or of *eterritoriali(ationE beco"ing-.olfE beco"ing-inh'"anE *eterritoriali(e* intensitiesI that is .hat "'lti!licity is. To beco"e .olf or to beco"e hole is to *eterritoriali(e one self follo.ing *istinct b't entangle* lines. 8 hole is no "ore negati;e than a .olf. CastrationE lackE s'bstit'tionI a tale tol* by an o;erconscio's i*iot .ho has no 'n*erstan*ing of "'lti!licities as for"ations of the 'nconscio's. 8 .olf is a holeE they are both !articles of the 'nconscio'sE nothing b't !articlesE !ro*'ctions of !articlesE !artic'late !athsE as ele"ents of "olec'lar "'lti!licities. /t is not e;en s'fficient to say that intense an* "o;ing !articles !ass thro'gh holesL a hole is 2'st as "'ch a !article as .hat !asses thro'gh it. &hysicists say that holes are not the absence of !articles b't !articles tra;eling faster than the s!ee* of light. Flying an'sesE s!ee*ing ;aginasE there is no castration.

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A6 Essentialis'
<(r !olitics $e2nor'ali*es the stable e%o an$ allo)s for a tr(ly e'anci!ator !olitics. =t is not eno(%h to si'!ly fi%ht a%ainst o!!ression& b(t flo)s of $esire '(st too be liberate$ or else ensla#e'ent )ill contin(e e#en if the 'o#e'ent is s(ccessf(l.
See'E 1355 G0arkE /ntro*'ction to Anti-OedipusE &. >>i->>iiH To !'t it si"!lyE as *oes 0illerE Je;erybo*y beco"es a healer the "o"ent he forgets abo't hi"self.J 8n* 0iller contin'esI J:eality is here an* no.E e;ery.hereE glea"ing thro'gh e;ery reflection that "eets the eye ... E;erybo*y is a ne'roticE *o.n to the last "an an* .o"an. The healerE or the analystE if yo' likeE is only a s'!er-ne'rotic.... To be c're* .e "'st rise fro" o'r gra;es an* thro. off the cere"ents of the *ea*. Nobo*y can *o it for another-it is a !ri;ate affair .hich is best *one collecti;ely.J4 9nce .e forget abo't o'r egos a nonne'rotic for" of !olitics beco"es !ossibleE .here sing'larity an* collecti;ity are no longer at o**s .ith each otherE an* .here collecti;e e>!ressions of *esire are !ossible. S'ch a !olitics *oes not seek to regi"ent in*i;i*'als accor*ing to a totalitarian syste" of nor"sE b't to *e-nor"ali(e an* *e-in*i;i*'ali(e thro'gh a "'lti!licity of ne.E collecti;e arrange"ents against !o.er. /ts goal is the transfor"ation of h'"an relationshi!s in a str'ggle against !o.er. 8n* it 'rges "ilitant gro'!sE as .ell as lone in*i;i*'alsE to analy(e an* fight against the effects of !o.er that s'b2'gate the"I JFor a re;ol'tionary gro'! at the !reconscio's le;el re"ains a sub#ugated group, e;en in sei(ing !o.erE as long as this !o.er itself refers to a for" of force that contin'es to ensla;e an* cr'sh *esiring-!ro*'ction. . .. 8 sub#ect-group, on the contraryE is a gro'! .hose libi*inal in;est"ents are the"sel;es re;ol'tionaryE it ca'ses *esire to !enetrate into the social fiel*E an* s'bor*inates the soci's or the for"s of !o.er to *esiring-!ro*'ctionL !ro*'cti;e of *esire an* a *esire that !ro*'cesE the s'b2ectgro'! al.ays in;ents "ortal for"ations that e>orci(e the eff'sion in it of a *eath instinctL it o!!oses real coefficients of trans;ersality to the sy"bolic *eter"inations of s'b2'gationE coefficients .itho't a hierarchy or a gro'! s'!erego.J There can be no re;ol'tionary actionsE Anti-Oedipus concl'*esE .here the relations bet.een !eo!le an* gro'!s are relations of e>cl'sion an* segregation. 7ro'!s "'st "'lti!ly an* connect in e;er ne. .aysE freeing '! territorialities for the constr'ction of ne. social arrange"ents. Theory "'st therefore be concei;e* as a toolbo>E !ro*'cing tools that .orkL or as /;an /llich saysE .e "'st learn to constr'ct tools for conviviality thro'gh the 'se of co'nterfoil research.J When /llich s!eaks of Jcon;i;ial reconstr'ctionEJ he is ;ery close to ,ele'(e an* 7'attariNs notion of a J*esiring-re;ol'tion.J ike ,ele'(e an* 7'attariE /llich also calls for a ra*ical re;ersal of the relationshi!s bet.een in*i;i*'als an* tools or "achinesI JThis re;ersal .o'l* !er"it the e;ol'tion of a life-style an* of a !olitical syste" .hich gi;e !riority to the !rotectionE the "a>i"'" 'seE an* the en2oy"ent of the one reso'rce that is al"ost eK'ally *istrib'te* a"ong all !eo!leI !ersonal energy 'n*er !ersonal control.JU 8ll three a'thors agree that s'ch a re;ersal "'st be go;erne* by a collecti;e !olitical !rocessE an* not by !rofessionals an* e>!erts. The 'lti"ate ans.er to ne'rotic *e!en*encies on !rofessionals is mutual self-care. +

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A6 Theory
Their theory ar%('ents are an a!!eal to the Ca!italist se'iotic. Cross2a!!ly the i'!act ar%('ents fro' the 1nc.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 1359 GFSli>E C,esire is &o.erE &o.er is ,esireEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &.14-16H 8 sort of generali(e* s'!!ression of .hat / call the se"iotic co"!onents of e>!ression takes !lace in a certain ty!e of .ritingE s'ch that e;en .hen !eo!le s!eakE they s!eak as if they .ere .riting. 8t the sa"e ti"eE the r'les of their s!eech not only *e!en* on a certain synta>E b't on a certain la. of .riting. Bnlike !ri"iti;e societiesE s!eechMonly .ritingE .riting that is signe*E atteste*. S'b2'gation in ca!italist societies is basically a se"iotic s'b2'gation linke* to .riting. Those .ho esca!e .riting gi;e '! ho!e of s'r;i;al. They en* '! in s!eciali(e* instit'tions. Whether at .ork or in any other area of lifeE one "'st al.ays "ake s're that the se"iotic "o*es one 'ses relate to a !heno"enon of the la. of .riting. /f / "ake a gest'reE it "'st relate to a te>t that saysI C/s it a!!ro!riate to "ake this gest're this !ointUF =f 'y %est(re is incoherent& there )ill beE as in co"!'terE so'e .ritten or *igitali(e* $e#ice that )ill sayI CThis !erson "ay be "a*E or *r'gge*E !erha!s .e sho'l* call !oliceE or "aybe he is a !oetI that in*i;i*'al belongs to certain society an* sho'l* be referre* to a .ritten te>t.F / thinkE thereforeE that the !roble" !ose* in this colloK'i'"M.hether to rea* certain te>ts or notMis basically a !roble" of the for"ation of !o.er that goes beyon* the 'ni;ersity.

ebate is cr(cial to a$$ressin% hierarchies. With the c(rrent !ress(res on liberal e$(cation by neo2cons& it is 'ore i'!ortant to $efen$ e$(cation than anythin% else.
+iro(3E 7lobal Tele;ision Net.ork Chair in English an* C'lt'ral St'*ies at 0c0aster Bni;ersity in Oa"iltonE 9ntarioE #0-9 GOenry 8.E CWhat 0ight E*'cation 0ean 8fter 8b' 7hraibI :e;isiting 8*ornoNs &olitics of E*'cationEF omparative 1tudies of 1outh Asia, Africa and the 5iddle &astE 6ol'"e #4E /ss'e 1H :ecogni(ing ho. cr'cial e*'cation .as in sha!ing e;ery*ay life an* the con*itions that "a*e critiK'e both !ossible an* necessaryE 8*orno insiste* that the *esire for free*o" an* liberation .as a f'nction of !e*agogy an* co'l* not be ass'"e* a priori. 8t the sa"e ti"eE 8*orno .as ac'tely a.are that e*'cation took !lace both in schools an* in larger !'bic s!heresE es!ecially in the real" of "e*ia. ,e"ocratic *ebate an* the con*itions for a'tono"y gro'n*e* in a critical notion of in*i;i*'al an* social agency co'l* only take !lace if the schools a**resse* their critical role in a *e"ocracy. OenceE 8*orno arg'e* that the critical e*'cation of teachers !laye* a cr'cial role in !re;enting *o"inant !o.er fro" eli"inating the !ossibility of reflecti;e tho'ght an* engage* social action. S'ch an insight a!!ears !artic'larly i"!ortant at a ti"e .hen !'blic e*'cation is being 'tterly !ri;ati(e*E co""erciali(e*E an* test-*ri;enE orE if it ser;es 'n*er!ri;ilege* st'*ents of colorE t'rne* into a *isci!linary a!!arat's that rese"bles !rison.6# &'blic schools are 'n*er attack !recisely beca'se they ha;e the !otential to beco"e *e"ocratic !'blic s!heres instilling in st'*ents the skillsE kno.le*geE an* ;al'es necessary for the" to be critical citi(ens ca!able of "aking !o.er acco'ntable an* kno.le*ge an intense ob2ect of *ialog'e an* engage"ent. 9f co'rseE the attack on !'blic e*'cation is increasingly taking !lace along .ith an attack on higher e*'cationE !artic'larly the h'"anities.6$ E;erything fro" affir"ati;e action to aca*e"ic free*o" is '! for grabs as neo-conser;ati;esE religio's f'n*a"entalistsE an* har*-core right-.ing i*eolog'es s'ch as ,a;i* Ooro.it(M.ho ha;e organi(e* to i"!ose !olitical K'otas by "aking conser;ati;e i*eology a basis for fac'lty hires64 -intro*'ce Ji*eological *i;ersityJ legislation that .o'l*E for e>a"!leE c't fe*eral f'n*ing for colleges an* 'ni;ersities .ho harbor fac'lty an* st'*ents that critici(e /sraelE64 an* incessantly attack c'rric'la an* fac'lty for being too liberal. /f 8*orno is right abo't e*'cating teachers to neither forget nor allo. horrors s'ch as 8'sch.it( fro" ha!!ening againE the str'ggle o;er !'blic an* higher e*'cation as a *e"ocratic !'blic s!here "'st be *efen*e* against base right .ing attacks.

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The ne) )ar is Politics> local conflict )here bo$ies !ile hi%h beca(se of star#in% an$ tort(re& not '(shroo' clo($s. These local conflicts )ill contin(e to be 'a%nets to the s(!er !o)ers.
Lotrin%er an$ +(attariE a &rofessor of French iterat're an* &hiloso!hy at Col'"bia Bni;ersity an* a !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13,6 GSyl;Tre an* FSli>E CThe Ne. 8llianceEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 3)H S &olitics is also a .ay of a;oi*ing .arE or of !'rs'ing .ar by other "eans. O'"an inter;ention an* *ecision"aking !o.erE ho.e;erE see" "ore an* "ore inca!able of !re;enting a n'clear holoca'st or a generali(e* conflict. F7I / lo;e science fiction an* ,r Strangelo;e sche"esE b't / *on@t belie;e at all in the scri!t of a n'clear .ar. There@s going to be a .arE yesE b't .hat .arU The sa"e .ar that .e@;e kno.n for thirty years. When yo' consi*er the .ars in Cha*E or in El Sal;a*orE or in 7'ate"alaE fro" the !oint of ;ie. of h'"an s'ffering .o'n*sE tort'reE *eaths fro" star;ation .hat is all that b't .arU Can .e ho!e for a .orse o'tco"eU There@s going to be .ars like theseE b't e;ery- .here. Frag"ente* .arsE al.ays a"big'o's beca'se they *eal .ith local !roble"s .hile ser;ing the ca'se of an international !olice force. The e>a"!le of 6ietna" is s!ectac'lar. This inter"inable .ar .hich contin'es so"e.here in Ca"bo*iaE at the o'tset it .as a !o!'lar .arE a .ar for the liberation of So'th 6ietna". 5't like all !o!'lar .arsE it soon beca"e the arena for the s'!er-!o.ersE an* it .as China an* the So;iet Bnion .ho finally !rofite* fro" it. The final o'tco"e the &ol-&ot e>!eri"entE "onstro'sE *isastro's res'lts for the !o!'lations no.a*ays these .ars are al.ays .on by the s'!er-!o.ers.

Tho(%h critical e$(cation is the forebear to !olitics an$ a%ency& alone it is not eno(%h. Ref(sin% !artici!ation an$ theori*in% lines of fli%ht '(st acco'!any e$(cation if liberation is to s(ccee$.
+iro(3E 7lobal Tele;ision Net.ork Chair in English an* C'lt'ral St'*ies at 0c0aster Bni;ersity in Oa"iltonE 9ntarioE #0-9 GOenry 8.E CWhat 0ight E*'cation 0ean 8fter 8b' 7hraibI :e;isiting 8*ornoNs &olitics of E*'cationEF omparative 1tudies of 1outh Asia, Africa and the 5iddle &astE 6ol'"e #4E /ss'e 1H 8ccor*ing to 8*ornoE fascis" as a for" of barbaris" *efies all e*'cational atte"!ts at self-for"ationE engage* critiK'eE self-*eter"inationE an* transfor"ati;e engage"ent. Oe .ritesI JThe only tr'e force against the !rinci!le of 8'sch.it( .o'l* be h'"an a'tono"y ... that isE the force of reflection an* of self-*eter"inationE the .ill to ref'se !artici!ation.J60 While there is a *ee!-seate* tension in 8*ornoNs belief in the increasing !o.er of the totally a*"inistere* society an* his call for "o*es of e*'cation that !ro*'ce criticalE engagingE an* free "in*sE he still belie;e* that .itho't critical e*'cation it .as i"!ossible to think abo't !olitics an* agencyE es!ecially in light of the ne. technologies an* "aterial !rocesses of social integration. Si"ilarlyE 8*orno *i* not belie;e that e*'cation as an act of self-reflection alone co'l* *efeat the instit'tional forces an* relations of !o.er that e>iste* o'tsi*e of instit'tionalise* e*'cation an* other !o.erf'l sites of !e*agogy in the larger c'lt'reE tho'gh he rightly ackno.le*ge* that changing s'ch a !o.erf'l co"!le> of econo"ic an* social forces began .ith the e*'cational task of recogni(ing that s'ch changes .ere necessary an* co'l* act'ally be carrie* o't thro'gh in*i;i*'al an* collecti;e for"s of resistance. What 8*orno brilliantly 'n*erstoo*-tho'gh in a so"e.hat li"ite* .ay gi;en his ten*encyE in the en*E to.ar* !essi"is"M.as the necessity to link !olitics to "atters of in*i;i*'al an* social agency.61 Engaging this relationshi!E in !artE "eant theori(ing .hat it "eant to "ake the !olitical "ore !e*agogicalL that isE ho. the ;ery !rocesses of learning constit'te the !olitical "echanis"s thro'gh .hich i*entities-both in*i;i*'al an* collecti;eMare sha!e*E *esire*E an* "obili(e*E an* ho. e>!eriences take on for" an* "eaning .ithin those social for"ations that !ro;i*e the e*'cational fo'n*ation for constit'ting the real" of the social.

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A6 Partic(laris'
Partic(lari*ation of $esire only reifies !o)er relations an$ stratifies society.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 135C GFSli>E C8 iberation of ,esireEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 46H F9I The !roble"E as / see itE is not a se>'al liberation b't a liberation of *esire. 9nce *esire is s!ecifie* as se>'alityE it enters into for"s of !artic'lari(e* !o.erE into the stratification of castesE of stylesE of se>'al classes. The se>'al liberationM for e>a"!leE of ho"ose>'alsE or trans;estitesE or sa*o"asochistsMbelongs to a series of other liberation !roble"s a"ong .hich there is an a !riori an* e;i*ent soli*arityE the nee* to !artici!ate in a necessary fight. 5't / *on@t consi*er that to be a liberation as s'ch of *esireE since in each of these gro'!s an* "o;e"ents one fin*s re!ressi;e syste"s.

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A6 Social Location
We '(stn"t fi%ht for in$i#i$(al %ro(!s& b(t a%ainst the fascis' in all of (s. =nsistin% on silly $i#isions halts chan%e& an$ only aban$onin% these for a 'olec(lar le#el )ill )e see chan%e.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 135C GFSli>E C8 iberation of ,esireEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 4)H F7I What these liberation "o;e"ents .ill re;eal by their fail'res an* *iffic'lties is that there really aren@t any castes. There@s the !ossibility that society .ill refor" itself thro'gh other ty!es of s'b2ecti;e arrange"ents that are not base* on in*i;i*'als in constellation or on relations of !o.er that co""'nication instit'tes bet.een s!eaker an* listener. There .ill be arrange"entsE / *on@t kno. .hatE base* neither on fa"iliesE nor on co""'nesE nor on gro'!sE .here the goals of lifeE !oliticsE an* .ork .ill al.ays be con2'gate* .ith the analysis of 'nconscio's relationsE of relations of "icro-!o.erE of "icro- fascis". 9n the *ay .hen these "o;e"ents fi> as their goals not only the liberation of ho"ose>'alsE .o"enE an* chil*renE b't also the str'ggle against the"sel;es in their constant !o.er relationsE in their relations of alienationE of re!ression against their bo*iesE their tho'ghtsE their .ays of s!eakingE then in*ee*E .e .ill see another kin* of str'ggle a!!earE another kin* of !ossibility. The "icro-fascist ele"ents in all o'r relations .ith others "'st be fo'n*E beca'se .hen .e fight on the "olec'lar le;elE .e@ll ha;e a "'ch better chance of !re;enting a tr'ly fascistE a "acro-fascist for"ation on the "olar le;el.

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A6 0= can"t Abeco'e&" ="' )hite1

.eco'in%s are not $eter'ine$ by %enetics or societal constr(cts.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 135C GFSli>E CThe 8*olescent :e;ol'tionEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. 6$H FE /^ 7B8TT8:/I /n "y o!inion it@s so"ething in a*'lts@ "in*sL so"ething that e>ists for the" on all sorts of le;elsE as a fantasyE as a segregati;e social !racticeE as a collecti;e asse"blageE etc. 5't a*olescence as a li;e* e>!erience can@t be *efine* in ter"s of age gro'!s. / !refer looking at it as "a*e '! of *ifferent sorts of Cbeco"ingsFI beco"ing-chil*E beco"ing-.o"anE beco"ing-se>'al.... These beco"ings can occ'r at any ti"eL not necessarily at a fi>e* age. /t is .ell kno.n that one can beco"e a chil* againE at the age of se;enty-fi;e. 9ne can also ne;er beco"e a chil*. 8 t.el;e-year-ol* can be an ol* *otar*. 9ne can beco"e a .o"anE one can beco"e a !otte* !lantE one can beco'e all kin$s of thin%s& b(t = $on"t think it $e!en$s on %enetic !ro%ra''in%.

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A6 Re$(ctionis'
Ca!italis' isn"t 4(st c(rrency& b(t so '(ch 'ore. =nsistence on s(ch is 'erely a calc(lati#e !loy to 'ask the s(b4(%ation )ithin Ca!ital.
+(attariE !racticing !sychoanalyst at a 5or*e clinicE 13CD GFSli>E CCa!ital as the /ntegral of &o.er For"ationsEF 1oft 1ubversionsE e*ite* by Syl;Tre otringerE &. #0#-#0$H Econo"ic ca!italE e>!resse* in "onetaryE acco'ntingE stock-"arket or other lang'agesE al.ays rests in the final analysis on "echanis"s of *ifferential an* *yna"ic e;al'ation of !o.ers confronting each other on a concrete terrain. 8n e>ha'sti;e analysis of a ca!italE .hate;er its nat'reE .o'l* therefore ha;e to take into acco'nt e>tre"ely *i;ersifie* co"!onentsE *ealing .ith ser;ices that are "ore or less "onetari(e*E for instance se>'al or *o"estic <!resentsE acK'ire* a*;antagesE Csecon*ary benefitsEF !ocket "oneyE l'"! s'"sE etc.= as .ell as to gigantic international transactionsE .hichE in the g'ise of o!erations of cre*itE in;est"entE in*'strial i"!lantationsE coo!erationsE etc.E are in fact nothing else than econo"ico-strategic confrontations. /n this regar*E any o;ere"!hasis on Ca!ital as a general eK'i;alentE or as c'rrencies tie* *o.n t* syste"s of fi>e* !arityE etc.E can only "ask the real nat're of ca!italist !rocesses of s'b2'gation an* s'b2ection .hich in;ol;e social an* "icro-social !o.er relationsE !o.er sli!!agesE a*;ances an* .ith*ra.als of one social for"ation in relation to anotherE or collecti;e attit'*es of inflationistic antici!ation "eant to con2're any loss of gro'n*E or alsoE of i"!erce!tible take-o;ers .hichE 'lti"atelyE .ill only be re;eale* in broa* *aylight. The stan*ar*s of reference ha;e no other f'nction than that of calc'lation or relati;e i*entificationE transitory reg'lation. 8 gen'ine K'antification of !o.ers co'l* only rest on "o*es of se"ioti(ation *irectly !l'gge* on to !o.er for"ations an* !ro*'cti;e agence"ents <"aterial as .ell as se"iotic= tie* *o.n to local social coor*inates.

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A6 =$eolo%y
The social fiel$ is in#este$ by a libi$inal !o)er that is not i$eolo%ical. Re#ol(tionary fail(re is not a !roble' of i$eolo%ies& b(t of $esire.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. 104H /t is not a K'estion of i*eology. There is an 'nconscio's libi*inal in;est"ent of the social fiel* that coe>istsE b't *oes not necessarily coinci*eE .ith the !reconscio's in;est"entsE or .ith .hat the !reconscio's in;est"ents Jo'ght to be.J That is .hyE .hen s'b2ectsE in*i;i*'alsE or gro'!s act "anifestly co'nter to their class interests.hen they rally to the interests an* i*eals of a class that their o.n ob2ecti;e sit'ation sho'l* lea* the" to co"bat-it is not eno'gh to sayI they .ere foole*E the "asses ha;e been foole*. /t is not an i*eological !roble"E a !roble" of failing to recogni(eE or of being s'b2ect toE an ill'sion. /t is a !roble" of *esireE and desire is part of the infrastructure. &reconscio's in;est"ents are "a*eE or sho'l* be "a*eE accor*ing to the interests of the o!!osing classes. 5't 'nconscio's in;est"ents are "a*e accor*ing to !ositions of desire an* 'ses of synthesisE ;ery *ifferent fro" the interests of the s'b2ectE in*i;i*'al or collecti;eE .ho *esires.

We '(st 'ake re#ol(tions fro' $esire& not i$eolo%y. We ha#e faile$ in the !ast beca(se the /(estions re'ain st(ck in i$eolo%ical coor$inates.
ele(*e an$ +(attariE a &rofessor at the Sorbonne an* an /nstit'tional &sychiatristE 1356 G7illes an* Feli>E AntiOedipus, &. $44-$44H This sit'ation is not at all a*eK'ateE ho.e;erE for resol;ing the follo.ing !roble"I .hy *o "any of those .ho ha;e or sho'l* ha;e an ob2ecti;e re;ol'tionary interest "aintain a !reconscio's in;est"ent of a reactionary ty!eU 8n* "ore rarelyE ho. *o certain !eo!le .hose interest is ob2ecti;ely reactionary co"e to effect a !reconscio's re;ol'tionary in;est"entU 0'st .e in;oke in the one case a thirst for 2'sticeE a 2'st i*eological !ositionE as .ell as a correct an* 2'st ;ie.L an* in the other case a blin*nessE the res'lt of an i*eological *ece!tion or "ystificationU :e;ol'tionaries often forgetE or *o not like to recogni(eE that one .ants an* "akes re;ol'tion o't of *esireE not *'ty. Oere as else.hereE the conce!t of i*eology is an e>ecrable conce!t that hi*es the real !roble"sE .hich are al.ays of an organi(ational nat're. /f :eichE at the ;ery "o"ent he raise* the "ost !rofo'n* of K'estions JWhy *i* the "asses *esire fascis"UF .as content to ans.er by in;oking the i*eologicalE the s'b2ecti;eE the irrationalE the negati;eE an* the inhibite*E it .as beca'se he re"aine* the !risoner of *eri;e* conce!ts that "a*e hi" fall short of the "aterialist !sychiatry he *rea"e* ofE that !re;ente* hi" fro" seeing ho. *esire .as !art of the infrastr'ct'reE an* that confine* hi" in the *'ality of the ob2ecti;e an* the s'b2ecti;e. <ConseK'entlyE !sychoanalysis .as consigne* to the analysis of the s'b2ecti;eE as *efine* by i*eology.= 5't e;erything is ob2ecti;e or s'b2ecti;eE as one .ishes. That is not the *istinctionI the *istinction to be "a*e !asses into the econo"ic infrastr'ct're itself and into its investments. ibi*inal econo"y is no less ob2ecti;e than !olitical econo"yE an* the !olitical no less s'b2ecti;e than the libi*inalE e;en tho'gh the t.o corres!on* to t.o "o*es of *ifferent in;est"ents of the sa"e reality as social reality. There is an 'nconscio's libi*inal in;est"ent of *esire that *oes not necessarily coinci*e .ith the !reconscio's in;est"ents of interestE an* that e>!lains ho. the latter can be !ert'rbe* an* !er;erte* in Jthe "ost so"ber organi(ationEJ belo. all i*eology.

&age 10+ of 10+ All free minds to the front