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SPRINGFIELD ARMORY
30 OCTOBER 1964
REPORT OF EVALUATION ON NAVY CONVERSION
0 RIFLE, U. S. CAL . 30, Ml TO FIRE 7 .62MM
AMMUNITION BY MODIFICATION TO THE BAR..."qEL

Prepared By:
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1-v-.-clv(o-:J -:f.
NICHOLAS J. ANGELIC.'

CHIEF, ENG BR
S & ENG DIV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. OBJECTIVE
II.
III.
IV.
v.
VI.
VII.
VIII.

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CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENMTIONS
PROGRAM
DESIGN EVALUATION AND RESULTS
KINEMATIC TEST PROCEDURE
SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
MODIFIED DSSIGN AND ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF Ml RIFLE BARREL
ITH BUSHING VS NEW BARREL WITH 7. 62MM
CHAMBER
PBNDIXES
A. NAVY BUSHING DRAW G 2256892 REV B4
DA.TED 24 OCT 1963
B. MODIFmD DESIGN SA A28552 AND
ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS
C. SKETCHES, CHARTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS
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I. OBJECTIVE
Engineering Branch
Rea & Eng Division
30 October 1964
REPORT OF EVALUATION ON NAVY CONVERSION OF
RIFLE, U. s. CAL .30, Ml TO FIRE 7 .62MM
AMMUNITION BY MODIFICATION TO THE BARREL
The primary purpose of this investigation wao to valuate
dotermino the ' feas ibility and practicability of modifying rebuilt ifi e p
U. s. Ca .30, Ml to fire 7.62MM ammunition utilizing a Navy design steal
bushing assembled in the barrel chamber employing tho Navy
procedur Thio modification was primarily intended to be a simple and
quick conomical field converaion.
Ii. CO.'CLUSIONS

There is no positive method of assuring that the bushing will
b r t ined in the barrel chamber during life of barrel.
2. The Ml Rifle convorted to fire 7.6ZMM emmunition is considered
uncaf for launching gronad bacause of excesa1vQly high bolt recoil
v loci'tioo.
3. The 1! 14 Rifl h o a l arge muzzlo flash. The flash
hidor will ltminato flash; but addition of a flash hider will incroaao
i bt coot and supply probl
4. R oulta of limit d firing teats conduct d in connection t h
t tudy indicat that thor ill b a tend ncy for greater frequency of
fo d type ul unction than i normally s oc1 t d with the Ml I
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Th M1B14 Rifl1 coav r ion 11 not conaid red to b iclc
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III. RECOMMENilA.TIONS
1. In the event of adoption of the MlE14 Rifle, it is
recommended that the solid barrel with ? . 62MM ta
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of 1 i le barrels converted by means of a separate bushin to avoid
poton icl unsafe conditions .
2. The MlE14 Rifle should not be used for grena launching.
3. A flash hider should be used with t he conv rtad l Riflec .
) /f l .. I h
4. A spacer \ similar to the .. - Cal 30
raion should be used with the converted rifle to aid in guiding t ho 3 v
hortar 7.62MM cartridge into the chamber, and also the oading
0 clip filled with Cal . 30 ammunition.
' ,.
IV. PROGRAM
1. Ao dir ct d by H adqunrtar AWC durin 3 Juno 1964 moot ins
field Armory, a program w outlinod to evaluate tho Navy
conv r ion of r built Ml Rifle to firo 7. 62MM ammunition by aooembly of
Navy Buohing, Drawing 2256892, R v B4, d t d Oct 24, 1963 (aoeAppon )
i to an Ml Rifl b r 1
2. On 13 August 1964, Springfield Armory wac fundod and
uthorized to proce d with tho program. During an 8 October 1964
r 1 tive to reviewing th at tua of the program at Springfield
r cproacnt tivo from Headquart re AMC and AWC requested th Armory
complet and submit a report including conclusions and ions
cortnin phaoos of the original program. Tbeoo phases 0
ine . ring 1tudiao, kinam tic tests and preparation of a
bu d oign including r fin4m0nts b d on r oult o n otudy.
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V. DESIGN EVALUATION AND RESULTS
1. The design evaluation described in the above io
outlined and the results summarized as follows:
a. Review of Ml Rifle barrel drawings to idenc -.]
changes released during mass production, for effect on
A review was made of Ml Rifle drawings used in
c .nection with production of Ml barrel. Two chamber
affecting pre-1942 barrels at. the front neck diame er and
l ocat ion of second shoulder were found which could
affect assembleability of bushing. These dimensions are shown i n sl tch
number 2.
b. Reviaw of 11 barrel d, vi tiona authorized for ffcct
on r etention of th bushing.
A r view of authorized deviations relative to Ml
chamb r dimon ion41 r quir menta indicated that the deviations would not
. dvoroely aff ct au mble bility and retention of bush ng ip barrel
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chmnb r.
c. Conduct dimensional studies of the inter olationship
b two n tho Ml Rifle bolt osembly, headapace condi i 7.6ZMM
cartridge cas and tho bus.hing in the Ml Rifle barre 1 chamber.
(1) Study showed that there can be a result ant
diametral interference of .008 inch between the chamber body and the
mating.surface of the 7.62MM cartridge case se shown in Sketch Numb r 3.
This would n c oait te modification to Ml Rifl barr 1 chamb r body to
cortridg c int rf r nc
3
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Headquarters AWC authorized the Armory dur ing
early phase. of the program to design a special .reamer to r the
interference after the bushing was seated by firing two M80 Bal1
rounds .
(2) Tha Navy drawing 2256892 Rev B4, dated 24 Oct 1963,
required phosphate coating of the bushing. This would affect re tent ion
of bushing in barrel chamber, since the coefficient of frict ion between
phosph ted surfaces and steel is less than that of steel on
The bushing should be free of any protective finish.
Note: Midway through the program the phosphate coating requirement
was deleted.
(3) The fit between the bushing diame ter and
barrel chamber diameter (Sketch Number 4) and the front neck can =esult in
an interference of .0015 with current barrel requirements and .0019 with
pre-1942 barrel requirements. An interference can result at the second
shoulder of the barrel involving length A, Sketch No. 2. T' is st dy
takes into consideration the resultant shortening of dimensions based
on extremes of tolerances relative to receiver, barre l and bolt, with
barrel shoulder crush and maximum stock removed from the first shoulder
of the barrel during the headspacing operation of the Rifle .
Sketch Number 5 illustrates that the front portion of the bushing can
strike' the second shoulder of the chamber and prevent the bushin rom
seatin because of a .0015 interference (current barrel design) to .0105
1 OTE :
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Ske-ccb'"Number 1 illustrates barrel chamber nomenclature used
throughout thia r port.
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int rference (pre- 1942 barrel design) .
(4) The 34 angle on bushing is differon than tha
gl t cond houldar of b rrel (Sk tch Numb r 6). An
r ult: b tw n t:h ,130P. m imum o bu d
p rm1 1b sharp cornor t th a cond boulder (Skatch 7). T
bov conditions advera ly affect bushing
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may be are ultant free run of bullet of . 5177 inch in bu"l t
seat area prior to engraving by the rifling (See Sketch rumbcr 8).
The free travel of bullet in Ml Rifle is .065 inch. Because
o length of bullet free run, greater than normal gas leakage wi
result in l arge muzzle flash. Excessive flash was observed during
kinematic tests explained later in report . Gas leakage will
accelerate erosion in bullet seat area in both barrel and t
softer bushing material. This may wear away the bushing material, ct
holding force of bushing, and result in loosening or complete loss,o tho
bushing from chamber . The bushing material does not.have the
resisting qualities of the original barrel material . A l oose bushi in
barrel will disable the weapon. Complete loss of bushing can resu in
double feeding, one live round into another.
d. Study the dimensional relationship of eight
cartridge clip and the Ml Rifle receiver when using 7. 62MM .. ,
including the review of all deviations on both receiver and clipa
(1) Tb r ar1 no deviati9ns on record for cith th
Ml iflo racciv r or t c ip th
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aff ect entry of a loaded with 7.62MM cartridge into tho recoiv r.
(2) Sketch Number 9 shows the minimum cl crane
b twoon cartridg clip load d with Cal .30 ammunition d i o
th comp r d to a cartrid clip lo d d wit 7. 2MM
unition. Th ,0035 minimum claaranc that may r sult cor t aL
we pona with a cartridge clip filled with 7,62MM ammunition
margin 1, especially when the rifle is expouod to dus t d d rt.
e. Evaluation of Navy Bushing fit in barrel.
(1) The Navy Bushing design under all cor. cl o
would not provide necessary plastic yielding of material to i nsure
permanent assembly in barrel chamber.
(2) The mintmum clearance between barrel and bushi 3
must be sufficient so that yield of bushing beyond limit wi 1 provide
plastic flow to conform to barrel chamber configuration with r
stress to result in sufficient pressure interference fit for r tentio
of bushing.
f. Non-destructive examination of barre s in conv d
rifles .
In all converted test rifles in which an interfere ce
condition in first shoulder area was eliminated, X-Ray examination
showed the bushings. were fully seated in barrel chamber.
VI. KINEMATIC TEST PROCEDURE
1. Eight Ml Rifl a lactad at random tb t pass r build
r c;uir nt
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u d o obtain kinematic tast data as follows:
a. Projectile velocity at 78 feet from muzzl
b. Pressure readings inside gas cylinder .
c. Time-displacement curves using ball ammunit ion.
d. Time-displacement curves using Cal 0,
M3 Grenade, Rifle, and Grenade, Rifle Practice, M31 (inert) .
2. The above eight rifles were convert d to MlE 4 c sur t1on
'
using the Navy design bushing except that the bushings w ra fre of
phosphate coating as follows:
a. Thoroughly clean chamber with trichloroethyl .....
b. Eliminate sharp corner in first shou ar are o c
o all rifles, using a special design reamer.
Not : This operation eliminated . the interference as shown in o! tcb
numb r 7 and waa not included in original procedure.
c. Roclean chamber thoroughly trichlor y ..
d. Insert bushing and M80 Ball round in o br
..

lock action and fir round. F d a second round of 0 B 11 i to
o.nd fire.
ote t It waa necessary to hand charge the action a number .. o
majority of rifles to seat the bushing and M80 Ball round
This was primarily due to interference of 7.62MM cartridge c
Ml Rifl chamber body . shown in sketch number 3.
o. Aft r 1eating of the bushing, the Ml Rifl b
. ch r body confi tion v r haped to t 7.
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cartridge by using another special design reamer. This 1 o wao not 1
the original procedure but was found necessary to preclude inate
hand char ing during subsequent testing. Excessive hand charging
i ntroduced lil posoible safety hazzard. The reamed area of amb r body
was polished to insure ease of cartridge extraction.
f. The gas port hole diameters (.0790 + .co 5) of t
1 ht Ml Rifle barrels were enlarged to .0995 diamater on four barrels
d . 1065 diameter on barrels. The eight converced rif es v re
then unction fired 100 rounds each without utilizing a spac r .
g. Two rifles each with Qbove barrel port
e1 cted and re-tested in 4Ccordcnce with par 1.
h. Still photographs were taken to r cord r sult t f
on t ot weapons without and with a T-37 Hider, Flas
VII. SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
1. The eight rifles were fired a total of 3100 r
"
conv raion. Once the bushings were seated, there wor no bu hi
xtrc.ctions.
2. Headspace measurements of the eight Ml Rifles prior to
conversion were within Ml Rifle rebuild requiromento.
3. Beadspace measurements of seven out o eight conv
Fif1 s were up to .0055 inch under th 1.6355 mintmum ho
r tr nt for t M14 Rifl This may couse diffic 1 y
t Bolt in couvor d 'rifl

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are t bulated in Chart I, II and III.
a. The peak pressures taken inside the gao cylinder
tho bolt recoil velocities ar lower in the converted es t hen
in M r build riflea. M1El4 rifles having the .1065 inc barr 1 port
diameter more closely approximate the power of the Ml robu l d r fl
b. Instrumental are .ted in
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Chart II. Round to. round variation in projectile velocities in tho
MlE14 rifle is greater than that recorded on r built 1 Rifles, and
muzzle velocities were higher in the M1El4 Rifle.
c. Data on Grenade Launcher teats are tabu ated in Ch t III.
Bolt opening velocities were dangerously high ' on the converted ri 1 o.
On two rifles, the bolt recoiled violently enough to strike rear of
eceiver and bounce back into battery. This condition in
..
rifl s having barr ls with port-hole diameters of either .0995 or .1065
inchon.
5. Malfunction data are tabulated in Chart IV.
'
W&.S
indication that feed type failures would be greater than tho Ml Ri 1.
6. Muzzle flash on the converted MlE14 Rifle vas consider d
excessive using .ball ammunition. A Hider, Flash (T37) d signed for u e
with tho MlC &nd MlD Snipers Rifle was used in an effort to suprea
flaoh. The T-37 Fl h Hider eliminated this flash as hot:n. in photO...,."''"' " ..
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t n duri&l$ fir of insl a hots (aee Appendix )
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1.
VIII. MODIFmD DESIGN
1. A modified bushing design and Ml Rifle barrel cham r
configuration including an assembly procedure are shown on Sketch
SA A28552 dated 30 Oct 64
1
sheets 1 through 5 (Appendix B).
2. Also included are .two additional concepts as shown in
alternative designs. Numbers 1 and 2 which would provide t r
assurance of bushing retention in chamber. These desiu are
considered more costly for manufacture.
3. It should be recognized that further effort to

teat and evaluate the above designs will be required r y doc oion
on Qdoption
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IX .
COI'fi'ARATIVE ANALYSIS OF Ml RIFLE BARREL WITH
BUSHING VS NEW BARREL WITH 7.62MM CHAMBE
. I
BARREL WITH BUSHING
1. Bushing conversion less costly.
2. Life
3. Poorer accuracy, especially at
longer ranges.
4. No economical means of inspection
of bushing in barrel. No positive
assurance bushing will remain in
chamber.
5. Free run of bullet approximately
9 times that of Ml or Ml4 barrels.
6. Bushing may become loose presenting
a safety hazard.
7. Barrel bullet seat erosion
c.ccelera d.
8. Muzzle flash greater due to greater
gas leakage.
NEW BARREL WITH 7. 62MM C :IAMB R
1. Cost greater than bushing.
2. Barrel life shoul be quel to Ml
Barrel .
3 . Accuracy equa to that o iflc.
4. No problem.
5. Free run controlled to by
barrel design.
6. No hazard.
7. Erosion should be to that
experienced in the Ml barrel.
8. Flash will be less due to control of
free run of bullet.
9. 7.6ZMM M80 Ball ammunition not designed 9.
for compatibility with Ml Rifle
Barrel can be manufactured with 1
turn in 12 inche rif ing twi t.
rifling twist.
. 10. Mechanic 1 properties of bushing 10. No problem.
material do not match barrel steel.
More susceptible to wear .
11. Possibility of damaging or removal
of bushing by use of a ruptured
extractor and chamber
cle 1ng equipment .
12. Gr nade launching r ulta in a
baz doua condition.
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ll. 1 No problem.
12. Grenad launching i
condition.
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PROCESSING PROCEOORE OF MlE14 CONVERSIG:
1. REMOVE BARREL AND RECEIVER ASSEMBLY.
2. REMOVE BOLT FROM RECEIVER
.j REAM CliAMBER TO NEW DIMENSIONS (.013 INCL TPI BODY l?2R, 1.955
SHOULDER DEPTH, 450 SHOULIER DIAMETER) USING S CIAL REAME
4. CLEAN CHAMBER.
5. CLEAN BUSHING.
6. RE-ASSEMBLE BOLT IN RECEIVER.
7. RE-ASSEMBLE ENTIRE WEAPON.
8. INSERT PROOF ROUND (7.62MM) IN BUSHING.
9. INSERT BUSHING WITH PROOF ROUND IN CHAMBER.
10. CLOSE BOLT MAKING SURE LOCKING LUGS ARE ENGAGED IN LOCKING S 1.: "
OF RECEIVER.
11. P'mE PROOF ROUND TO SEAT BUSHING.
12. USING PILCYI'ED AND ADJUSTABLE REAMER, P ISH BEAD SPACE D BODY.
13. CL&AN CHAMBER.
14. CHECK FOR HEADS PACE REQUWMEN'l'
15 FUNCTION FIRE 16 ROUNDS.
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30 Oet 64
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