C++ Book Arabic

Elixir
C++
..
OOP ,Linked List , Files, Exceptions , Template ..
Elixir In C++ Language
1426

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sultan_altaif@yahoo.com

Introduction to C++ Language
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>#include <iostream
1-

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6-
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78-
9-
10-
cin >> a;
11-
cout << "Enter Number2:\t" ;
12-
cin >> b;
13-
cout << "Enter the operator\t";
14-
cin >> x;
1516-
cout << endl << endl;
1718-
cout << "Result:\t";
1920-
switch (x) {
21-
case '+':
22-
cout << a+b ;
23-
break;
24-
case '-':
25-
cout << a-b;
26-
break;
27-
case '*':
28-
cout << a*b;
29-
break;
30-
case'/':
31-
cout << a/b;
32-
break;
33-
default:
34-
cout << "Bad Command";
35-
3637-
cout << endl;
383940-
return 0;
}

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2-
case '+':
3-
cout << a+b ;
4-
break;
5-
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6-
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case '*':
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CODE
1- #include <iostream>
2- using namespace std;
34- int main()
5- {
6-
float degree=0;
7-
char mark;
89-
cout << "Please Enter Your degree:\t" ;
10-
cin >> degree;
1112-
if ((degree <=100) && (degree>= 90))
13-
mark='A';
1415-
else if ((degree <90) && (degree>= 80))
16-
mark='B';
1718-
19-
mark='C';
2021-
22-
mark='D';
2324-
else if ((degree <60) || (degree>= 0))
25-
mark='F';
2627-
else if((degree >100) || (degree < 0)) {
28-
cout << "False degree" << endl;return 0;
29-
30-
else
31-
return 0 ;}
32-
cout << endl;
33-
cout << "Your Mark:\t" <100) || (degree < 0
;cout << "False degree" << endl
2-
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cin.fail .

cin
if
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: goto

10
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CODE
3)(4- int main
{ 5-
;float degree=0
6-
;float total=0
7-
;int i=0
89-
ss:
cout << "Enter the degree of course number " << i+1
1011-
;<< endl
12-
;cin >> degree
13-
;total=total+degree
14-
;i++
15-
)if (i<5
16-
;goto ss
1718-
"cout << "The Avreg is:\t
19-
;<< total/5 << endl
2021-
;return 0
}
22-
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goto .
20

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14

grade total
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grade total

total 100
grade total 100
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grade
total grade

.
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ss
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4-
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5-
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6-
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7-

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CODE
3-
)(4- int main

{ 5-
;double number=0
6-
;int i=0
7-
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8-
;cin >> number
9-
10-
;cout << "Number\t\tOther\t\tValue"<< endl
11-
do
12-
13-
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14-
;"\t\t
cout << i
15-
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16-
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17-
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18-
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19-
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20-
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13.
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14.
15.
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}
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CODE
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6.
7.
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8.
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9.
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10.
;cout << endl
11.
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12.
}
13.
;return 0
14.
}
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CODE
3.
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{ 5.
;int number=0
6.
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7.
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8.
9.
10.
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11.
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12.
13.
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14.
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15.
16.
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17.
18.
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19.
20.
{ )while(number < max
21.
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22.
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23.
24.
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25.
26.
27.
;return 0
}
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6.
int number;
7.
8.
for (number=0;number <=10;number++) {
9.
cout << "The number is :\t";
10.
cout << number;
11.
cout << endl;
12.
13.
return 0;
14.
:

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CODE
1. #include <iostream>
2. using namespace std;
3.
4. int main()
5. {
6.
int number=0;
7.
int max=0;
8.
int min=0;
9.
10.
11.
for (int i=0; i< 10;i++) {
12.
cout << "Enter the number:\t";
13.
cin >> number;
14.
15.
if (number > max)
16.
max=number;
17.
18.
if (number < min)
19.
min=number;
20.
21.
22.
;cout << "The Max Number is:\t" << max
23.
;cout << "\nTne Min Number id:\t" << min
24.
;cout << endl
25.
26.
27.
;return 0
28.
}
29.
max min
number
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for 11 10
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max 15
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23 . 24
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break
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break
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2

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3.
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{ 5.
;int number=0
6.
7.
;"cout << "Please Enter The Number:\t
8.
;cin >> number
9.
10.
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11.
12.
13.
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14.
;break
15.
16.
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; " are
17.
cout << endl << "The Number
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18.
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else
20.
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;cout << endl
22.
23.
;return 0
}
24.

for
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1

1
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12.
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13.
14.
15.
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16.
;continue
; cout << "The number is: " <> Number
9.
;cout << "The Abs Value" << endl
10.
;int Abs = Number < 0 ? -Number : Number
11.
;cout << Abs << endl
12.
13.
14.
;return 0
}
15.
Number
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11 :
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Number . Abs

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3.
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9.
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10.
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11.
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12.
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13.
14.
15.
;return 0
}
16.
: cmath

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floor : ceil

floor
12.9
12 floor
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12.1 ceil
. 13
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>2. #include <cmath
4.
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{ 6.
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7.
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cout << "Enter The Num:
9.
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10.
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12.
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13.
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14.
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15.
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16.
17.
18.
;return 0
}
19.
floor . ceil
pow : sqrt
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:
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CODE
>2. #include <cmath
4.
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{ 6.
; double Num=0 ,Val=0
7.
8.
;"
cout << "Enter The Num:
9.
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10.
11.
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12.
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13.
14.
; "
cout << "Enter The Power
15.
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16.
17.
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18.
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19.
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20.
21.
;return 0
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22.
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rand
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0 6
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Arrays And Strings
:

12
float
1000
.

.
;]int mark[10

:
.
] [.

int
mark
][20
;
:
:
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;
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;
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;
;
;
;
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;
;
;
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int
int
int
int

.

] int mark[0 ] int mark[9

.

] int mark[0

:
:

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int
float

:
CODE
1
>#include <iostream.h
) ( main
{
]int stud[10
;float Avrege
<< cout
)for (i=0 ; i<10 ; i++
; ,total=0 , i
; "grades of stud:\n
; " << Avrege
"Please Enter all
;cout << "grade number" << i+1 << endl
all student is:
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10
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11
12
;Avrege=total /10
13
cout << "The Avrege of
14
;return 0
15
16

int i for
i

total

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:
for
i<10 i<12

..... i>10

:
for
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.

:
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.

.
:
.
:
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(
.

:
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.
CODE
) (main
; int employee[3][5] , size[4] , i , j , sum=0
;size [3]=0
;cout << "Please Enter all employees salary" << endl
6
7
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10
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11
12
;cout << " Employee number " << i+1 << endl
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13
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14
15
16
; size[i] = sum/5
17
;cout << " The avreg is" << size[i] << endl
18
;"________________________________"<< cout
;]size[3] = size[3] + size [i
18
sum=0
19
20
21
<< " cout << " The avrege of all salary of employee is:
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22
23
for
for
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for
for 16 19

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size
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sum

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:

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:

:
; }int mark[10] = { 100,90,69,45,87,52,99,98,99,88
:

)
(

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found

:
CODE
) (main
3
4
int mark[10] = { 100,90,65,45,87,52,99,97,87,98} , found ,
; index
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5
6
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9
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10
11
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12
13
;found=1
14
;break
15
16
else
17
; found=0
18
19
; << index++
20
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21
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22
else
23
; "cout << "No Body has this mark
24
;return 0
25
26

search
12 found 1 for
21 12
17 0 found

found 21
found 1 22
found 24
23
!.
.
: Bubble Sorting

1 :

50
32
93
2
74
. 32
50
32
50
93
2
74
32
93

2
50
93
32
74
2 74

50 93

2
32
93
50
74
32 74

93
50
2
32
50
93
74
50 74 .

1 C Languge ) (

)
( 1 )
(.
:
CODE
3.
)(4. int main
{ 5.
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6.
;int sure=0
7.
;int x=0
8.
;"cout << "Here is the Array befor sorted\n
9.
10.
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11.
;cout << array[j] << endl
12.
13.
{ )for (int i=0;i<5-1;i++

;sure=0
14.
{ )for (int j=i; j<5;j++
15.
16.
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17.
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18.
;array[i]=x
19.
;sure=1
20.
21.
}
}
22.
;if (sure ==0) break
23.
24.
25.
;"cout << "Here is the Array after sorted\n
26.
)for (i=0;i<5;i++
27.
28.
;cout << array[i] << endl
29.
30.
;return 0
}
31.

.

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:

char

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99

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4.
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{ 6.
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7.
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8.
9.
;)strcpy(string1,string2
10.
11.
;cout << string1 << endl
12.
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13.
14.
15.
;return 0
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16.
string
c :
cstring strcpy
string1
string2
string1 12 13
strcpy.
: ctype
ctype

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4.
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7.
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8.
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9.
10.
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11.
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14.
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15.
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for
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4.
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7.
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8.
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9.
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10.
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11.
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12.
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13.
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14.
15.
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16.
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11
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13
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8.
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14.
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16.
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20.
21.
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22.
23.
;return 0
24.
25.
) (: strcat
cstring

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CODE
>2. #include <cstring
4.
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{ 6.
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7.
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8.
9.
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12.
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13.
14.
:
Java and C++
word1:
C++
word2:
10
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stdio . iostream
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3.
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4.
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7.
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8.
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9.
10.

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for
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CODE
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4.
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{ 6.
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7.
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8.
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9.
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10.
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14.
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15.
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16.
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17.
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18.
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19.
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20.
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21.
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22.
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23.
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24.
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26.
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25.
27.

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18 15

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int 2
... c &c
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c
...

2

c ...
..
c
int ...

2 2
... ..

2 6
:
CODE
// for pointer
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;int c=2
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c=4
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}
9
10

stack heap ..

heap

....
stack

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int
* pPointer
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...

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... :
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x pAge
:
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x
.. *pAge

;cout << *pAge

.
) (

:
CODE
) ( void main
{
;int p,g
;int *x
;p=5;g=7
cout << p << "\t" << g << "\n " << &p << "\t" << &g
;<< endl
;x=&p
;cout << *x << "\t" << x << endl
;x=&g
;cout << "\n\n" << *x << "\t" << x
}
p g x

)
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p

x p
g
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p 7 8
P
p x
8 x p
p
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x
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x
:
1
// for pointer
2
3
) (void main
4
{
5
int *c
6
;*c=50
7
;cout << *c
8
}
:
// for pointer
) (void main
{
;int *c=new int
;*c=50
;cout << *c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
}

c
50
c

new
int
.c

c
...

new new
int
int .float
** :

:
1
// for reference
2
3
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4
{
5
;int c
6
;c=50
7
;int &One=c
8
;cout << One
9
}
One
&
c

:
// for reference
) (void main
{
;int c
;c=50
;int &One=c
;cout << One << endl
;c=80
;cout << One << endl
;c=500
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
;cout << One<< endl

}
12
13
c
One c
One c
.One

.new
.
;)char &Refrence= *(new char
;'Refrence = 'x
:

:
1
;int x=5;int &refrence=x
2
;int y=6; refrence=y

x y
y
x x . 6
:
;)int &Refrence= *(new int
;Refrence =7
;Refrence =8

:
;int x=99
;&Refrence=x

.

..
..

...
delete
.....
:
;]float *number [100] [100

40

.
:
) ( main
{
;int *pPointer= new int
;*pPointer = 4
;delete pPointer
;return 0
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

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i j .

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i=6 Array
:
1
2
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3
{
;int i
;cin >> i
;]int Array=new int [i
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}
4
5
6
7
8
9

i Array
for .
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i :
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i

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..
.
) ( void main
{
;int i,j
;cin >> i >> j
; ]int **Array=new int *[i
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}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
void

. .
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) (

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const

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void
void:
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:
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pArray .

:
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p
.

Function
:

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math

main

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.
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:
CODE
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int
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return
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:
return 0

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CODE
3.
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{ 5.
;if (m>g)return m
6.
;else if (m<g)return g
7.
;else return g
8.
} 9.
10.
)(int main
11.
12.
;int num1,num2
13.
;cin>>num1
14.
;cin>>num2
15.
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16.
;cout << max1 << endl
17.
;return 0
18.
}
19.
4 9 max
int
int:
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) (

.
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return
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) ( main
16 max1
max
num1 num2
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max1
max main
16 :
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num1 num2
4 4 :
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.
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.
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}

{

.
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}
test1 test2

g g

for while

.
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2

2
0

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:
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3.
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6.
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8.
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{
10.
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11.
;cin>> a
12.
;)double m=binate(a
13.
;cout << m << endl
14.
}
15.
) ( binate 4 7
b float
. main

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CODE

1.
//

4.
5. float *divides;//
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7. //////////////////////////////
8. void HowTimes(int x); //
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10.
////////////////////////////
11.
void main() //
12.
13.
;int a
14.
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15.
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16.
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17.
;cout <<divides[i]<< endl
18.
"cout << "The Many Of How Number Divides Is:\t
19.
<<times
20.
;<<endl
21.
}
22.
///////////////////////
23.
) (void pointer
24.
25.
26.
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27.
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28.
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29.
30.
31.
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32.
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33.
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34.
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35.
36.
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37.
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38.
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39.
40.
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41.
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42.
}
43.
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} 6.

100
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:
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100

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CODE
3.
4.
;)5. float rate (float a,float b,float c=100
6.
)(7. void main
{ 8.
;float i,j,k,avg
9.
;"cout << "Please Enter the number?\n
10.
;cin >> i
11.
;"cout << "from:\t
12.
;cin >> j
13.
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14.
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15.
16.
;)k=rate (i ,j,avg
17.
;cout << endl << k << endl
18.
19.
}
20.
21.
)float rate(float a,float b ,float c
22.
23.
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24.
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25.
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26.
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27.
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1
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}
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{
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;cout << plus1 << endl
}
5
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
8
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9
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10
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11
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10.
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14.
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16.
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11.
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12.
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13.
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16.
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3.
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5. float Abs(float );
6. double Abs (double );
7.
8. int main()
9. {
10.
int Int=0;
11.
float Float=0;
12.
double Double=0;
13.
14.
cout << "Int:\t" ; cin >> Int;
15.
cout << "Float:\t"; cin >> Float;
16.
cout << "Double:\t";cin >> Double;
17.
cout << endl << endl;
18.
19.
cout << "Int:\t" << Abs(Int) << endl;
20.
cout << "Float:\t" << Abs (Float) << endl;
21.
cout << "Double:\t" << Abs(Double) << endl;
22.
cout << endl;
23.
24.
return 0;
25.
26.
int Abs(int X)
27.
28.
29.
return X<0 ? -X : X;
}
30.
31.
float Abs(float X)
32.
33.
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34.
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36.
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:

.

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)template <class T> T Big(T n1,T n2
{
;return n1 >n2 ? n1 : n2
}

1 0.5
int float

:
CODE
)1- template <class T1,class T2> T1 Big(T1 n1,T2 n2
{ 2-
;return n1 >n2 ? n1 : n2
3} 4-
class
T1
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char
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:
:
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:Header File

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New Files C/C++ header file
. OK Abs
.
CODE
1- #ifndef AbsModule
2- #define AbsModule
;) 3- int Abs(int
;) 4- float Abs( float
;) 5- double Abs (double
6- #endif
) (

AbsModule
endif .

:
" #include "AbsModule.h

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" #include "AbsModule.h
Abs

.
2
. AbsModule
AbsModule
. AbsModule
3
4 5
.
1 2 6

.
:

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CODE
"2. #include "AbsModule.h

4.
5.
)6. int Abs( int X
{ 7.
8.
} 9.
10.
)float Abs( float X
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
)double Abs ( double X
16.
17.
18.
;return X<0 ? -X :X
19.
iostream
std . 3
AbsModule

) " " (

). (.h
6 19
. AbsModule
main.cpp
:
CODE
"2. #include "AbsModule.h
4.
)(5. int main
{ 6.
;int Int=0
7.
;float Float=0
8.
;double Double=0
9.
10.
;cout << "Int:\t" ; cin >> Int
11.
;cout << "Float:\t"; cin >> Float
12.
;cout << "Double:\t";cin >> Double
13.
14.
15.
;cout << "Int:\t" << Abs(Int) << endl
16.
;cout << "Float:\t" << Abs (Float) << endl
17.
;cout << "Double:\t" << Abs(Double) << endl
18.
;cout << endl
19.
20.
21.
;return 0
}
22.

. 2
:

.
....
.

:
)int (*function) (int , int

.

.
CODE
3.
;) 4. double plus(double , double
;) 5. double del(double , double
;) 6. double multipy(double ,double
7. double divide(double ,double);

8.
9. int main()
10.
11.
double Num1,Num2,Value;
12.
char Operator;
13.
double (*Function) (double ,double );
14.
15.
cout << "Please Enter Num1:
";cin>>Num1;
16.
cout << "Please Enter Operator
17.
cout << "Please Enter Num2:
";cin>>Operator;
";cin >>Num2;
18.
19.
switch (Operator) {
20.
case '+': Function=plus;break;
21.
case '-': Function=del;break;
22.
case '*': Function=multipy;break;
23.
case '/': Function=divide;break;
24.
default: cout << "\nBad Command\n";return 0;
25.
26.
Value = Function (Num1,Num2);
27.
28.
cout << "Tne Value is:
" << Value << endl;
29.
30.
31.
return 0;
}
32.
33.
double plus (double a,double b)
34.
35.
return a+b;
36.
37.
double del(double a, double b)
38.
39.
return a-b;
40.
41.
double multipy(double a, double b)
42.
43.
44.
return a*b;
}
)double divide(double a,double b
45.
46.
47.
;return a/b
}
48.
15
.
13 .
switch 20 Operator
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switch
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:

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:
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. int
: Storage Classes

.

.
:
-1 : Automatic Variables
-2 : External Variables
-3 : Static Variables
: Automatic Variables
main
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:
; auto int Variables
.

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: Lifetime of automatic Variables

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Num Num

.
stack
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Introduction to Object Oriented
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:

...

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....

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: Attributes . Behaviors
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;int x=5
x int

int
. x .

.

.
** :
:
-1 :Abstraction
-2 : Inheritance
-3 :

Encapsulation

:Encapsulation

) (

..

... ..
public
private

.
) (
.

.

:
CODE
class
class Student //
public: //
;) (choosingCollege
;) (SignUp
private: //
;int itsGrade
;int itsAge
;] [char specialization
; }
10

class
student

.

. .
.

.
CODE
class maths
private:
;float itsNum1
;float itsNum2
6
7
public:
;)GetNum1Num2(float i,float j
;)(print
10
;}
11
)maths::GetNum1Num2(float i,float j
12
13
;itsNum1=i
14
;itsNum2=j
15
16
)(maths::print
17
18
;cout << "add:\n" << itsNum1+itsNum2 << endl
19
;cout << "subtract:\n" << itsNum1-itsNum2 << endl
20
;cout << "multiby:\n" << itsNum1*itsNum2 << endl
21
;cout << "divide:\n" << itsNum1/itsNum2 << endl
22
23
24
) ( int main
25
26
;float i,j
27
;cin >> i>>j
28
;maths a
29
;)a.GetNum1Num2(i,j
30
;)(a.print
31
;return 0
32
33
maths

.

.

)
( :
CODE

)(maths::print
17

.
.

.

.
CODE
;)a.GetNum1Num2(i,j
30

.
CODE
1
2
class First //
int d1; //
int d2; //
int counterd1; //
int counterd2; //
int **pArray; //
public:
10
Enter ( int s1,int s2); //
11
putArray();//
12
Loop( );//
13
print();//
14
;}
15
)First::Enter(int s1,int s2
16
17
;d1=s1
18
;d2=s2
19
20
) (First::putArray
21
22
;]pArray= new int *[d1
23
)for (counterd1=0 ; counterd1<d1;counterd1++
24
;]pArray[counterd1]= new int [d2
25
26
)(First::Loop
27
28
)for (counterd1=0;counterd1<d1;counterd1++
29
30
; ]cin >> pArray[counterd1][counterd2
31
32
33
)(First::print
34
35
36
37
;cout << pArray[counterd1][counterd2] << endl
38
39
40
) ( int main
41
42
;First a
43
;int i,j
44
;cin >> i
45
;cin >> j
46
a.Enter(i,j);//
47
;)(a.putArray
48
;)(a.Loop
49
;)(a.print
50
51
:
.

.

.

) (
Get
itsAge
:
CODE
} ;GetitsAge() { return itsAge

)
( .
set

CODE
} ;SetitsAge(int x) { itsAge=x
Get
Set Set
.

.

.
.

CODE
class maths
private:
;float itsNum1
;float itsNum2
6
7
public:
;)maths(float i,float j
;)(print
10
;}
11
)maths::maths(float i,float j
12
13
;itsNum1=i
14
;itsNum2=j
15
16
)(maths::print
17
18
;cout << "add:\n" << itsNum1+itsNum2 << endl
19
;cout << "subtract:\n" << itsNum1-itsNum2 << endl
20
;cout << "multiby:\n" << itsNum1*itsNum2 << endl
21
;cout << "divide:\n" << itsNum1/itsNum2 << endl
22
23
24
) ( int main
25
26
;float i,j
27
;cin >> i>>j
28
;)maths a(i,j
29
;)(a.print
30
};return 0
32
16-12
29

..
void
) (

CODE

;) i , j
maths
29

.
.
:
Constructor .. void
.
:

.
:
CODE
class First
{
public:
First(){cout <<"...class First has built"<< endl; }//
~First(){cout <<" class First has die";}//
;}
)(void main
{
;First m
}

first
.
:
Destructor )~( ..
void .
:

.
)( main

.
:

) (inline . inline
:
inline function
non-inline function

inline .
:this
C++

)
( .
this

.
Test a b

a
b this

.
this
this
.
this :
CODE
3.
{4. class stud
5. public:
;void address(){cout << this
6.
7.
;} 8.
9.
)(int main
10.
11.
;stud a,b,c
12.
; "cout << "The address of a\t
13.
; )(a.address
14.
; "cout << endl << "The address of b\t
15.
; )(b.address
16.
; "cout << endl << "The address of c\t
17.
; )(c.address
18.
;cout << endl
19.
20.
21.
;return 0
}
22.
stud
this
address
.
:Static Members

) (Test1
) (i ..
i

Arrays A
100
Array 100 A A

.

:
CODE
class First
public:
static int counter;//.
) (First
};counter++
};getCounter() {return counter
;}
10
int First::counter=0;//
11
)(void main
12
13
;First a
14
;First b
15
;]First c[60
16
cout << a.getCounter();//
17
18
First
62 . counter

17 getCounter
) a ( c counter
62 .

) ( )
11 (
.

.
:Static Members Functions

.
CODE
class First
3
4
;static int counter
public:
};static getCounter() {return counter
) (First
};counter++
10
11
;}
12
13
;int First::counter=15
14
)(void main
15
16
17
;cout << First::getCounter()<< endl

}
18
) ( getCounter

First 7
.
:

) ( get ) ( set

) (

.
Data
Student Data
Student Student
Data

:
CODE
1
2
class Data
;double itsAvreg
5
6
public:
};getItsAvreg(){return itsAvreg
};setItsAvreg(double x){itsAvreg=x
9
10
;}
11
12
class Student
13
14
15
;Data itsData
public:
16
};)(getItsAvreg(){ return itsData.getItsAvreg
17
};)setItsAvreg(double x){itsData.setItsAvreg(x
18
;}
19
20
)(int main
21
22
;Student a
23
;)a.setItsAvreg(98
24
;)(cout << a.getItsAvreg
25
}
26

.
Smaltalk:
smaltalk

.
smalltalk
:
-1 :
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:
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.
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.

250
10 !!!!

.

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..
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:
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: .
.
.
:
CODE
class Array
{
;float **arrays
;char choice
;int itsD1
;int itsD2
;int itsD1Count
;int itsD2Count
public:
;)Array(int ,int
;)(~Array
;)(Bigfunction
;)(print
Enter();
};
Array::Array(int i,int j)
{
itsD1=i;itsD2=j;
arrays=new float*[itsD1];
for (itsD2Count=0;itsD2Count<itsD2;itsD2Count++)
arrays[itsD2Count]=new float [itsD2];
}
Array::~Array()
{
delete [] arrays;
}
Array::Enter()
{
cout << "Enter the memeber of Array" << endl;
for ( itsD1Count=0;itsD1Count<itsD1;itsD1Count++)
5
for (itsD2Count=0;itsD2Count<itsD2;itsD2Count++)
cout <<"Enter the member:\t" << endl;
cin >> arrays[itsD1Count][itsD2Count];
}
}
Array::Bigfunction()
{
if (itsD1==itsD2)
{
cout << "Do you want to make the main Rayon
cin >> choice ;
Zero[y/n]";
if (choice=='y')
12
for ( itsD1Count=0;itsD1Count<itsD1;itsD1Count++)
12
arrays[itsD1Count][itsD1Count]=0;
12
print();
else
12
print();
else
;)(print
}
)(Array::print
{
;cout << endl
)for ( itsD1Count=0;itsD1Count<itsD1;itsD1Count++
{
)for (itsD2Count=0;itsD2Count<itsD2;itsD2Count++
{
12
;]cout << arrays[itsD1Count][itsD2Count
;"cout << "\t
;cout << endl
)(int main
{
;int x,y
;cout << "enter d1:\t ";cin >> x
;cout <<"enter d1:\t ";cin >>y
;)Array One(x,y
;)(One.Enter
;)(One.Bigfunction
;return 0
}
/2
) (
) (p .
:
:
.
12
4000 .
1 .
:
CODE
1
2
class notepad //
int index1,index2;//
char One[200][200];//
int charactor;//
public:
notepad ();//
HowMany();//
10
display();//
11
12
; }
13
) ( notepad:: notepad
14
15
;charactor=0
16
17
)(notepad::HowMany
18
19
;"cout <<"\n
20
) for (index1=0 ;index1<200;index1++
21
22
for ( index2=0;index2<256;index2++
23
24
;]cin >> One[index1][index2
25
1 if (One[index1][index2]=='1')//
26
//
27
;return 0
28
1 else charactor++;//
29
30
31
32
)(notepad::display
33
34
;cout << "The number of char you made it is\t" << charactor << endl
35
36
cout <<"\a" ;//
37
38
39
)(void main
40
41
;notepad first
42
;)(first.HowMany
43
;)( first.display
44
45
/3
fibancci

fibancci

.
:
:
-
Fibancci
.

.
first second third max
max
.
fibancci

:
1 1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55

time

.
CODE
>1. #include <iostream.h
2. class fibancci
3. {
4. /*
* /
5. int first,second,third;
6. int *array,max,times;
/*
7. SetTimes()
* /
8. {
9. for (times=0;second<max;times++)
10.
11.
third=second+first;
12.
first=second;
13.
second=third;
14.
15.
third=second=first=1;
16.
17.
public:
18.
fibancci():times(1),first(1),second(1),max(50){Array();}
19.
fibancci(double x):times(1),first(1),second(1),max(x)
/*
* /
{Array();}
* /
20.
/*
21.
GetTimes()
22.
{ return times;}
23.
Array()
24.
/*
* /
25.
SetTimes();
26.
array=new int[times];
27.
for(int i=0;second<max;i++)
28.
29.
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30.
third=second+first;
31.
first=second;
32.
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33.
34.
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36.
cout << endl;
37.
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39.
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40.
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42.
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44.
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45.
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47.
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52.
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num(float x){itsNum=new double;*itsNum=x;}
10
num (long x){itsNum=new double;*itsNum=x;}
11
~num () { delete itsNum;}
12
num(const num &rhs);
13
GetItsNum() const { return *itsNum;}
14
};
15
num::num(const num &rhs)
16
17
itsNum=new double;
18
*itsNum=rhs.GetItsNum();
19
20
void main()
21
22
int i=12;
23
num first=i,
24
second=first;
25
26
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<< endl ;
27
28
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29
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30
itsNum
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4
5
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10
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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20
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21
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25
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27
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28
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29
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30
31
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32
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34
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35
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36
37
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;double *itsNum
public:
num() {itsNum=new double ;itsNum=0;}
num(int x){itsNum=new double;*itsNum=x;}
num(float x){itsNum=new double;*itsNum=x;}
10
num (long x){itsNum=new double;*itsNum=x;}
11
12
num (double x){itsNum=new double;*itsNum=x;}
13
~num () { delete itsNum;}
14
void setItsNum(double x) {itsNum=&x;}
15
16
double GetItsNum() const { return *itsNum;}
17
num operator ++ ();
18
num operator ++ (int m);
19
};
20
21
22
23
itsNum=new double;
24
*itsNum=rhs.GetItsNum();
25
26
num num::operator ++ ()
27
28
++(*itsNum);
29
return *this;
30
31
32
33
}
num num::operator++ (int m)
{
34
35
36
return num((*itsNum)++);
}
37
38
void main()
39
40
int i=12;
41
num first=i;
42
first++;
43
cout << "first++ :\t" << first.GetItsNum() << endl
44
num second= first++;
" << first.GetItsNum() << endl

;
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cout << "first++
45
cout << "second
46
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num (long x){itsNum=x;}
10.
num (double x){itsNum=x;}
11.
~num () { }
12.
void setItsNum(int x) {itsNum=x;}
13.
14.
double GetItsNum() const { return itsNum;}
15.
const num &operator ++ ();
16.
const num operator ++ (int m);
17.
num operator+ (const num &rhs);
18.
19.
};
20.
21.
num num::operator+ (const num &rhs)
22.
23.
return num
24.
((itsNum)+rhs.GetItsNum());
25.
26.
27.
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29.
30.
itsNum=rhs.GetItsNum();
31.
32.
const num& num::operator ++ ()
33.
34.
++itsNum;
35.
36.
37.
return *this;
38.
39.
const num num::operator++ (int m)
40.
41.
num temp(*this);
42.
++itsNum;
43.
return temp;
44.
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7.
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8.
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9.
10.
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11.
12.
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13.
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14.
15.
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16.
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18.
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20.
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21.
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23.
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25.
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45.
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10
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12
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9.
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11.
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12.
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13.
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28.
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10.
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11.
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12.
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13.
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15.
Fraction():up(1),down(1),num(1){}
16.
Fraction(int a):up(a),down(1),num(a){}
17.
Fraction(int a,int b):up(a),down(b),num(a/b){}
18.
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19.
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20.
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21.
22.
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23.
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24.
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25.
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{
int m;
m=rhs.GetUp();
rhs.up=rhs.GetDown();
rhs.down=m;
Fraction temp(up* rhs.GetUp() , down* rhs.GetDown());
return temp;
26.
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28.
friend ostream &operator << (ostream& ,const Fraction &);
29.
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30.
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32.
33.
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34.
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39.
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41.
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42.
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8.
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protected:
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9.
10.
11.
12.
;}
13.
14.
class Dicky : public Bird
15.
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17.
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18.
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21.
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24.
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pDicky
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. Bird pDicky

fly trills
:
CODE
1. #include <iostream.h>
2.
3. class Bird
4. {
5. public:
6.
Bird():itsAge(1) { cout << "Bird Alive...\n"; }
7.
virtual ~Bird() { cout << "Bird die...\n"; }
8.
virtual void fly() const { cout << "Bird fly away\n"; }
9.
virtual void trills() const { cout << "Bird trills!\n"; }
10.
protected:
11.
int itsAge;
12.
13.
};
14.
15.
class Dicky : public Bird
16.
17.
public:
18.
Dicky() { cout << "Dicky Alive...\n"; }
19.
virtual ~Dicky() { cout << "Dicky die...\n"; }
20.
void trills()const { cout << "ooooooooooooo!\n"; }
21.
void fly()const { cout << "Dicky speed to...\n"; }
22.
};
23.
24.
int main()
25.
26.
27.
Bird *pDicky = new Dicky;
;)(pDicky->fly
28.
;)(pDicky->trills
29.
30.
31.
;return 0
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2.
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{ 4.
protected:
5.
;int itsAge
6.
7. public:
8.
Employee():itsAge(0){cout << "\nHii I am Employee\n";}
9.
Employee(int x):itsAge(x)
{cout <<"\nHii
I am
Employee(int)
\n";}
10.
11.
Getme(){cout <<"\n Hiii
I am I am Employee\n";}
};
12.
13.
class prof
14.
{protected:
15.
16.
int itsAge1;
public:
17.
prof():itsAge1(0){cout << "\nHii I am prof\n";}
18.
prof(int
x):itsAge1(x)
{cout
<<"\nHii
am
prof(int)
\n";}
19.
20.
I am I am prof\n";}
};
21.
22.
class chief:public prof,public Employee
23.
{public:
24.
chief(){cout << "\nHii I am chief\n";}
25.
chief(int x) {cout <<"\nHii I am chief(int) \n";}
26.
};
27.
28.
void main()
29.
30.
chief ml(9);
31.
ml.prof::Getme();
32.
Hii I am a proof
Hii I am Employee
Hii I am chief(int)
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1. class person
2. {
3. public:
4.
person():itsAge(0){cout << "\nHii I am Person\n"; }
5.
person(int x):itsAge(x){ cout <<"\nHii I am Person (int)\n";}
6.
Get() { cout << "\nGetttttttttttttttt\n";}
7. protected:
8.
int itsAge;
9. };
10.
class Employee: public person
11.
12.
public:
13.
Employee(){cout << "\nHii I am Employee\n";}
14.
Employee(int
x):person(x)
{cout
<<"\nHii
am
Employee(int) \n";}
15.
16.
};
17.
18.
class prof: public person
19.
20.
public:
21.
prof(){cout << "\nHii I am prof\n";}
22.
prof(int x):person(x) {cout <<"\nHii I am prof(int) \n";}
23.
Getme(){cout <<"\nHiii
24.
I am I am prof\n";}
};
25.
26.
27.
{public:
28.
29.
chief(int
x):Employee(),prof(x)
{cout
<<"\nHii
am
chief(int) \n";}
30.
};

. prof Employee person
prof Employee
person
person

6
prof Employee Get( )
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{ 5.
6. public:
7.
person():itsAge(0){cout << "\nHii I am Person\n"; }
8.
person(int x):itsAge(x){ cout <<"\nHii I am Person (int)\n";}
9.
int Get() { cout << "\nGetttttttttttttttt\n";return itsAge;}
10.
11.
GetItsAge(){return itsAge;}
protected:
12.
int itsAge;
13.
};
14.
class Employee: virtual public person
15.
16.
public:
17.
Employee(){cout << "\nHii I am Employee\n";}
18.
Employee(int
x):person(x+2)
{cout
<<"\nHii
am
Employee(int) \n";}
19.
20.
};
21.
22.
class prof: virtual public person
23.
24.
public:
25.
prof(){cout << "\nHii I am prof\n";}
26.
prof(int x):person(x+2)
{cout <<"\nHii
I am
prof(int)
\n";}
27.
Getme(){cout <<"\nHiii
I am I am prof\n";}
28.
29.
};
30.
31.
32.
{public:
33.
34.
chief(int x):person(x*2) {cout <<"\nHii I am chief(int)
\n";}
35.
36.
Get();
};
37.
38.
int chief::Get()
39.
40.
return prof::Get();
41.
)(void main
42.
43.
;)chief ml(10
44.
;)(ml.person::Get
45.
;cout << ml.GetItsAge()<< endl
46.
}
47.
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class shape
2. {
3. protected:
4.
int d1,d2,d3,d4;
5.
6. public:
7.
shape() {d1=d2=d3=d4=5;
8.
cout << "\nHere I am shape ( ) \n" ;}
9.
shape (int x,int y)
10.
{d1=d3=x;d2=d4=y;
11.
cout << "\nHere I am SHAPE (INT,INT)\n";
12.
13.
14.
shape (int a,int b,int c,int d)
15.
16.
d1=a;d2=b;d3=c;d4=d;
17.
cout
<<
"\nHere
am
SHAPE
(INT
INT
,INT)\n";
18.
19.
20.
virtual void draw() =0;
21.
virtual ~shape(){ cout <<"\n I am diee (shape)\n " ;}
22.
};
23.
24.
class Rectangle:public shape
25.
26.
public:
27.
Rectangle(){ cout<<"\nHere I am Rectangle() \n";}
28.
Rectangle(int a,int b):shape(a,b)
29.
{cout << "\nHere I am Rectangle (INT
30.
Rectangle(int a,int b,int c,int d):shape(a,b,c,d)
31.
{ cout <<"\nHere I am Rectangle (INT,INT,INT,INT)\n";}
, INT) \n";}
INT
{ )(void draw
32.
)for (int i=0;i<d1 ;i++
33.
34.
)for (int j=0;j<d2;j++
35.
;"*" << cout
36.
;cout <<endl
37.
38.
39.
};"~Rectangle(){cout<< "\n I am diee (Rectangle)\n
40.
41.
;}
42.
43.
;"
class Circle:public shape
44.
45.
public:
46.
;" )Circle(int m){cout << "Here I am Circle (INT
47.
};itsd=d1
48.
void draw() { cout <<"\n Here I am draw a Circle has
49.
" << cout << itsd
50.
};"~Circle(){ cout <<"\nI am die Circl \n
51.
};"cm \n
private:
;int itsd
52.
53.
;}
54.
shape
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49.
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51.
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52.
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53.
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54.
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55.
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4.
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5.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
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{
2.
;link* temp = first
3.
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4.
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5.
6.
{
;cout <<"Number Of Course:\t" << temp->number << endl
7.
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8.
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9.
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10.
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10.
11.
cout << "-----------------------------------------------
;"\n
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12.
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13.
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14.
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11.
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12.
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14.
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15.
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17.
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18.
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19.
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20.
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21.
22.
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23.
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24.
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25.
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26.
27.
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28.
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29.
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30.
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31.
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32.
33.
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34.
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35.
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36.
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37.
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38.
39.
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40.
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41.
42.
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3.
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5. class Stack
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9. public:
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10.
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11.
};]int pop() { return st[top--
12.
;}
13.
14.
)(int main
15.
16.
;Stack temp
17.
18.
;)temp.push(10
19.
;)temp.push(11
20.
;)temp.push(12
21.
;)temp.push(13
22.
;)temp.push(14
23.
;cout << "First:\t " << temp.pop() << endl
24.
;cout << "Second:\t " << temp.pop() << endl
25.
26.
;cout << "third:\t " << temp.pop() << endl

;cout <<"fourth:\t" << temp.pop() << endl
27.
;cout << "fifth:\t" << temp.pop() << endl
28.
29.
30.
;return 0
}
31.
32.

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CODE
;1. const int max=20
2. template <class T> class Stack
{ 3.
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6. public:
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; )(9. T pop
;}
10.
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.
9
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} 4.

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> <T .
.
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{ 2.
;Stack <int> temp
3.
4.
;)temp.push(10
5.
;)temp.push(11
6.
;)temp.push(12
7.
8.
;cout << "First:\t " << temp.pop() << endl
9.
;cout << "Second:\t " << temp.pop() << endl
10.
;cout << "third:\t " << temp.pop() << endl
11.
12.
;return 0
13.
14.

. 3
> <

Fraction .
struct
. class
:

.

.

.
) (
.

.
:
CODE
3. /**********************************/
4. template <class T>struct link

5.
6.
T element;
7.
link* next;
8.
};
9. /*********************************/
10.
template <class T> class linklist
11.
12.
private:
13.
link <T>* first;
14.
public:
15.
linklist()
16.
{ first = NULL; }
17.
void additem(T d);
18.
void display();
19.
};
20.
/**********************************/
21.
template <class T> void linklist<T>::additem(T x)
22.
23.
link<T> *newlink = new link<T>;
24.
newlink->element = x;
25.
newlink->next = first;
26.
first = newlink;
27.
28.
/*************************************/
29.
30.
template <class T> void linklist<T>::display()
31.
32.
link<T> *temp = first;
33.
cout << "\n\n---------------------------------------\n";
34.
while( temp != NULL )
35.
36.
cout << endl <<" number:\t" << temp->element;
37.
temp = temp->next;
38.
39.
40.
41.
}
/*******************************************/
;"
)(int main
42.
43.
;linklist<double> li
44.
;int m
45.
;int i=1
46.
;char choice
47.
do
48.
49.
;cout << "ENTER YOUR CHOICE:" << endl
50.
cout << "(a)for entre data\t(b)for print\t(c)END:
51.
;cin >> choice
52.
)switch (choice
53.
54.
case 'a':
55.
);;( for
56.
57.
;"cout << "\nEnter the element you want to add it:
58.
;cin >> m
59.
;if (m==0) break
60.
61.
;)li.additem(m
62.
63.
;break
64.
case 'b':
65.
;li.display();break
66.
67.
case 'c':
68.
;i=2
69.
70.
;)}while (i==1
71.
;return 0
72.
73.
link
.

.
linkedlist
13
.
:

<< >> linke
linkedlist

.

.

.
CODE
1. class courses
{ 2.
;3. int number
;4. float grade
;5. int hours
6.
public:
7.
;)(courses
8.
;)courses(int a
9.
;)courses (const courses& rhs
10.
;int getNumber()const
11.
; float getGrade()const
12.
; int getHours()const
13.
};setNumber(const int a){number=a
14.
};setHours(const int a) {hours=a
15.
};setGrade(const float a){grade=a
16.
;)& courses &operator= (const courses
17.
;)& friend ostream &operator << (ostream& ,const courses
18.
;)friend istream &operator >> (istream& E, courses &temp
19.
20.
;}
21.
}{)courses::courses (): number(0),grade(0),hours(0
22.
23.
courses::courses (int a):number(a),grade(0),hours(0){}
24.
courses::courses (const courses& rhs)
25.
{number=rhs.getNumber();
26.
grade=rhs.getGrade();
27.
hours=rhs.getHours();
28.
29.
30.
int courses::getNumber()const {return number;}
31.
float courses::getGrade()const {return grade;}
32.
int courses::getHours()const {return hours;}
33.
34.
courses& courses::operator= (const courses& rhs)
35.
36.
if(this==&rhs) return *this;
37.
number=rhs.getNumber();
38.
grade=rhs.getGrade();
39.
hours=rhs.getHours();
40.
return *this;
41.
42.
43.
//////////////////////////////////////
44.
istream& operator >> ( istream& E, courses& temp)
45.
46.
float i=0;int j=0;

cout << "Enter its grade:";
47.
cin >> i;temp.setGrade(i);
48.
cout << "Enter its hours: ";
49.
cin >> j;temp.setHours(j);
50.
return E;
51.
52.
///////////////////////////////////////
53.
ostream &operator << (ostream& D , courses &temp)
54.
55.
D <<"Number Of Course:\t" << temp.getNumber() <<
endl;
56.
D << "its degree:\t\t" << temp.getGrade() << endl;
57.
D << "its Hours:\t\t " << temp.getHours() << endl;
58.
59.
D << "--------------------------------------------\n";
; return D
60.
61.

10 .

10 .24
<< >>
18 19
44 . 53
courses
.

.
)( main .
CODE
)(1. int main
{ 2.
;linklist<courses> course
3.
;courses a
4.
;char b
5.
6.
do
7.
8.
;cin >> a
9.
;)course.additem(a
10.
;" ?)cout << "\nAdd another (y/n
11.
;cin >> b
12.
;)'} while(b != 'n
13.
;)(course.display
14.
;cout << endl
15.
;return 0
16.
17.
) ( main
iostream
>>
std . iostream.h

Handling Exceptions In C++
:

.
:

.

.

.
:

) (

.

:
. . . . :

:
-1 : try
try
:
{ try
;statement1
;statement2
;..etc
}
-2 :
try

catch catch
catch
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)catch (Argument
{
;statement1
;statement2
//What to do about this exception
}
-3 :

) try ( catch
try
. catch
:

:
-1 .
-2
.
CODE
3)(4- int main
{ 5-
;int TheYear
67-
;" cout << "TheYear
8-
;cin >> TheYear
910-
11-
{ try
12-
)if(TheYear <= 0
13-
;throw
14-
;"cout << "\nTheYear: " << TheYear << "\n\n
15-
1617-
{)catch(...
18-
1920-
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2122-
;return 0
}
23-
TheYear
.
11 try
. 15
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.

12 throw
if .
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) catch (

.

throw

:
CODE
3.
)(4. int main
{ 5.
;int TheYear
6.
7.
;" cout << "TheYear
8.
;)cin.exceptions(cin.failbit
9.
10.
11.
12.
{ try
;cin >> TheYear
13.
)if(TheYear <= 0
14.
15.
; "throw "Hellow
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
{)catch(...
21.
;"cerr << "\nSomthing is not right\n
22.
23.
24.
;"cout << "\n
25.
26.
;return 0
}
27.
9
cin

.
15 throw
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catch catch
catch 20
catch .
21
cout cerr
cout

cout .
catch:

0 :
CODE
3.
)(4. int main
{ 5.
;int TheYear
6.
7.
;" cout << "TheYear
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
{ try
;cin >> TheYear
13.
)if(TheYear <= 0
14.
15.
; "throw "Bad Value
16.
17.
18.
19.
{)catch (char *Error
20.
;cerr << Error << endl
21.
22.
23.
24.
{)catch(...
25.
;"cerr << "\nSomthing is not right\n
26.
27.
28.
;"cout << "\n
29.
30.
;return 0
}
31.

0 if 14
.15
15 throw Bad Value
0
throw .
catch

. 19
throw catch
19 throw
:
{)catch (char *Error
catch
.
25 .
:
throw
throw catch
.
:

)

(:
CODE
3.
)(4. int main
{ 5.
6.
;float *Course
7.
;int NumberOfCourse
8.
;float Total
9.
10.
float Avg;
11.
12.
13.
try {
14.
cout << "please Enter the number of course:\t";
15.
cin >> NumberOfCourse;
16.
Course=new float[NumberOfCourse];
17.
for (int i=0;i<NumberOfCourse;i++)
18.
19.
try{
20.
cout << "Enter the grade of couse" << i+1
21.
<< ": \t";
22.
cin >> Course[i];
23.
24.
Total=+Course[i];
25.
26.
catch(...)
27.
28.
cerr << "\nBad Value\n";
29.
cin.clear();
30.
char Bad[5];
31.
cin >> Bad;
32.
i--;
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
Avg=Total/NumberOfCourse;
38.
cout << endl;
39.
cout << "The Total of grade:\t" << Total;
40.
cout << "\nThe Avg:\t" << Avg;
41.
cout << endl;
42.
43.
catch(...)
44.
45.
46.
47.
cerr << "Somthing not right" << endl;

}
return 0;
48.

:
6 cin
.
10-7
7

.
13 . try
. try
16
13 16
. 26
for 17

.
19 try
. for
. for
24-20

22
) ( abs

catch .
29 clear
.
30 .
31

.30
32 for
for

.
.
:

throw
catch throw
catch
int char ... float
10 catch

int ... float

.
Stack 0
100
.
CODE
;3. const int element=100
4. class Stack
{ 5.
;]int array[element
6.
7. public:
)Stack(){ for(int i=0;i<element;i++
8.
};array[i]=i
9.
)getElement(int x
10.
11.
12.
)if (x>100
13.
;)(throw xThrow
;)(else if (x<0) throw sThrow
14.
;]else return array[x
15.
}
16.
;}{class xThrow
17.
;}{class sThrow
18.
;}
19.
20.
)(int main
21.
22.
;int i=0; Stack a
23.
{);;(for
24.
{try
25.
;"cout << "Choise The element\n
26.
;cin >> i
27.
;cout << "The element:\t" << a.getElement(i) << endl
28.
29.
{)catch(Stack::sThrow
30.
31.
;"cout << "Small Element\n

}
32.
{)catch(Stack::xThrow
33.
34.
;"cout << "Big Element\n

}
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
;return 0
}
40.
Stack
100

.
Stack 4 .19
Stack
xThrow sThrow 17 . 18
) ( getElement
12
100
xThrow 14
100
sThrow 15
.
) ( main i
int a . Stck
.23
for

.24
. 36
try 25
27
.
28 getElement

.
100
13 catch 33

catch
. Stack::xThrow
100
Stack::sThrow
catch . 33

.

.

.
Stack

. Stack
:

.

. catch
CODE
;3. const int element=100
4. class Stack
{ 5.
;]int array[element
6.
7. public:
)Stack(){ for(int i=0;i<element;i++
8.
};array[i]=i
9.
};"~Stack() { cout << "\n dieeeee\n
10.
)getElement(int x
11.
12.
13.
if (x>100)
14.
throw xThrow();
15.
else if (x<0) throw sThrow();
16.
else return array[x];
17.
18.
class xThrow{public:
19.
xThrow(){}
20.
xfalse(){
21.
};
22.
class sThrow{
23.
public:
cout << "Big Element\n";}
24.
sThrow(){}
25.
sfalse() {cout << "Small Element\n";}
26.
27.
};
};
28.
29.
int main()
30.
31.
int i=0; Stack a;
32.
for(;;){
33.
try{
34.
cout << "Choise The element\n";
35.
cin >> i;
36.
cout << "The element:\t" << a.getElement(i) << endl;
37.
38.
catch(Stack::sThrow a){
39.
a.sfalse();
40.
41.
catch(Stack::xThrow a){
42.
a.xfalse();
43.
44.
45.
return 0;
46.

Stack
Stack
Stack
.
xThrow
. xfalse
sThrow

. sfalse
catch
sThrow 32
catch . 41
sfalse xfalse
.

.

Handling With Files In C++
:

.
:ios

ios
) (
ios istream ostream
iostream
fsreampas
ifstream ofstream
istream ostream .
:Formatted File I/O

formatted

.

12.5
float 12.5
' '2' '1 ' '. ''5
4

.
CODE
>#include <iostream
>#include <fstream
>#include <string
)(int main
{
;'char x = 's
;int d = 77
;double i = 3.14
;"string String1 = "Hellow
;"string String2 = "World
;)"ofstream fout("data.txt
fout << x
<< d
' ' <<
<1. #include <fstream

)(5. int main

{ 6.
;7. char m
;8. int i
;9. double j
;string chara
10.
;string chara2
11.
;)"ifstream fin("data.txt
12.
;fin >> m >> i >> j >> chara >> chara2
13.
cout << m << endl
14.
<< i << endl
15.
<< j << endl
16.
<< chara << endl
17.
;<< chara2 << endl
18.
;return 0
19.
20.

ifstream

fin

.
:
""\n
cin

getline :
CODE

)(5. int main

{ 6.
;)"7. ofstream fout("first.txt
"8. fout << "HELLOW EVREY ONE\n
"<< "You Are Here\n
9.
"<< "in my program\n
10.
11.
;return 0
12.
13.
first
89 10 ""\n

:
CODE
)(int main
{
5.
6.
;]char Array[80
7.
;)"ifstream fin("first.txt
8.
) )(while ( !fin.eof
9.
10.
;)fin.getline(Array,80
11.
;cout << Array << endl
12.
13.
14.
;return 0
15.
16.
first 8 first

9 while
) ( !fin.eof
11
getline " "\n
Array
12
.
) (:eof
end of file
) EOF (

.
: Binary File

.

.

float int

.
:
write
ofstream ) ( read

.ifstream

.
CODE
>1. include <iostream
)(4. void main
{ 5.
;]6. int Array[40

;7. int j=0
)8. for(int i=0;i<40;i++

{ 9.
;j=i*10
10.
;Array[i]=j
11.
12.
)for (i=0;i<40;i++
13.
14.
;cout << Array[i] << endl
15.
16.
;)ofstream fout("test.dat", ios::binary
17.
)fout.write (reinterpret_cast<char*>(Array),40*sizeof(int
18.
;)
;)(fout.close
19.
20.
40
10
17
) (ofstream

. ios::binary 18
Array test.dat
. write
:write
) ( write
.

Array
18
18 :
;) fout.write ( (char*) &Array, sizeof Array
19

.
test
60
40
40 int 60 int
:
CODE
4.
)(5. void main
{ 6.
;]int Array[60
7.
;int i=0
8.
9.
;)ifstream fin("test.dat", ios::binary
10.
;) )fin.read( (char*) &Array, 40*sizeof(int
11.
12.
)for(i=40;i<60;i++
;Array[i]=i*10
13.
14.
15.
)for(i=0;i<60;i++
;cout <<Array[i]<<endl
16.
17.
18.
;)(fin.close
19.
20.
10
11 Array
read sizeof
Array Array 60
int 40
int 40 int
160 16 17
Array 16 17

Array 19
.
:

.

.
CODE
4.
5. class Stud
{ 6.
;]char itsname[100
7.
;int itsmark
8.
9.
public:
10.
)(Data
11.
12.
; " cout << "Enter his name:
13.
;cin >> itsname
14.
; " cout << "Enter his mark:
15.
;cin >> itsmark
16.
17.
}
;}
18.
19.
)(void main
20.
21.
;Stud Ahmed
22.
;)(Ahmed.Data
23.
;)ofstream fout ("Student.dat",ios::binary
24.
;)fout.write((char*) &Ahmed, sizeof Ahmed
25.
;)(fout.close
26.
}
27.

Stud
25

:
CODE
4.
5. class Student
{ 6.
;]char itsname[100
7.
;int itsmark
8.
9.
public:
10.
)(DisplayData
11.
12.
; " cout << "his name:
13.
;cout << itsname << endl
14.
; " cout << "his mark:
15.
;cout << itsmark << endl
16.
17.
}
;}
18.
19.
)(void main
20.
21.
;Student Saeed
22.
;)ifstream fin ("Student.dat",ios::binary
23.
;)fin.read((char*) &Saeed, sizeof Saeed
24.
;)(Saeed.DisplayData
25.
;)(fin.close
26.
}
27.

24 student.dat
. Saeed
:
student stud
student

stud
student

student
%100
.
:

:
CODE
4.
5. class Student
{ 6.
7.
;]char itsname[100
8.
;int itsmark
9.
10.
11.
public:
12.
)(GetData
13.
14.
; " cout << "Enter his name:
15.
;cin >> itsname
16.
; " cout << "Enter his mark:
17.
;cin >> itsmark
18.
}
19.
)(DisplayData
20.
21.
; " cout << "his name:
22.
;cout << itsname << endl
23.
; " cout << "his mark:
24.
25.
cout << itsmark << endl;
26.
27.
28.
};
29.
30.
void main()
31.
32.
char ch;
33.
Student Ahmed;
34.
fstream file;
35.
36.
file.open("Student.DAT", ios::app | ios::out |
37.
ios::in | ios::binary );
38.
do
39.
40.
cout << "\nEnter The Data Of Student:\n";
41.
Ahmed.GetData();
42.
43.
file.write( (char*) &Ahmed, sizeof Ahmed );
44.
cout << "Enter another person (y/n)? ";
45.
cin >> ch;
46.
47.
while(ch=='y');
48.
49.
file.seekg(0);
50.
51.
file.read((char*) &Ahmed, sizeof Ahmed );
52.
while( !file.eof() )
53.
54.
cout << "\nStudent:";
55.
Ahmed.DisplayData();
56.
file.read( (char*) &Ahmed, sizeof Ahmed );
57.
58.
59.
cout << endl;

}

Student
fstream file
34
fstream ifstream
. ofstream
) (: open
fstream

36 open

ios::app
ios::out )
(ofstream
ios::int )
( ifstream ios::binary
The Mode Bits

.

ios::app

ios::ate

ios::trunce

ios::noceate
ios::noreplace
) ( ifstream
ios::in
) ( ofstream
ios::out
.
ios::binary
:43
Student

.
:
)( seekg fstream

0
49
51
while
.
while 56
while .
:File Pointers

int Put Pointer
get pointer
.
.the current position :

.
seekg( ) : ) (. tellg
) ( Seekg

0
104
Student
2 2
2

) ( seekg
ios::beg
ios::cur ios::end

:
.
;)fin.seekg(-50,ios::end
50
.
) ( tellg
.

Student
. .
CODE
4.
5. class Student
{ 6.
7.
;]char itsname[100
8.
9.
int itsmark;
10.
11.
12.
public:
13.
GetData()
14.
15.
cout << "Enter his name: " ;
16.
cin >> itsname;
17.
cout << "Enter his mark: " ;
18.
cin >> itsmark;
19.
20.
DisplayData()
21.
22.
cout << "his name: " ;
23.
cout << itsname << endl;
24.
cout << "his mark: " ;
25.
26.
27.
28.
};
29.
30.
void main()
31.
32.
Student Ahmed;
33.
ifstream looking;
34.
looking.open("Student.dat",ios::in || ios::binary);
35.
36.
looking.seekg(0,ios::end);
37.
38.
int endF=looking.tellg();
39.
int x= endF /sizeof(Ahmed);
40.
cout << "There are " << x << " Student:\n";
41.
42.
cout << "Enter the number of student you want to display
his data\n";
43.
cin >> x;
44.
int position = (x-1) * sizeof(Ahmed);
45.
looking.seekg(position);
46.
;)looking.read( (char*) &Ahmed, sizeof Ahmed
47.
;)(Ahmed.DisplayData
48.
49.

Stuudent

3
3 Student

.
33 looking fstream
34 36
) ( tellg
38
39 .

43 44
45
.

.
:

.
:
Student
) ( main
Student :
CODE
4.
5. class Student
{ 6.
7.
;]char itsname[100
8.
9.
int itsmark;
10.
11.
12.
public:
13.
GetData()
14.
15.
cout << "Enter his name: " ;
16.
cin >> itsname;
17.
cout << "Enter his mark: " ;
18.
cin >> itsmark;
19.
20.
DisplayData()
21.
22.
cout << "his name: " ;
23.
cout << itsname << endl;
24.
cout << "his mark: " ;
25.
26.
27.
DataIn(int x)
28.
29.
ifstream infile;
30.
infile.open("Student.dat", ios::binary);
31.
infile.seekg( x*sizeof(Student) );
32.
infile.read( (char*)this, sizeof(*this) );
33.
34.
DataOut()
35.
36.
ofstream outfile;
37.
38.
outfile.open("Student.dat", ios::app | ios::binary);
39.
outfile.write( (char*)this, sizeof(*this) );
40.
41.
static int ManyInFile()
42.
43.
ifstream infile;
44.
infile.open("Student.dat", ios::binary);
45.
infile.seekg(0, ios::end);
46.
return (int)infile.tellg() / sizeof(Student);
47.
48.
;}
49.
50.
)(int main
51.
52.
;Student Ahmed
53.
;char x
54.
55.
{ do
56.
;"cout << "Enter data for Student:\n
57.
;)(Ahmed.GetData
58.
;)(Ahmed.DataOut
59.
;" ?)cout << "Register another (y/n
60.
;cin >> x
61.
62.
;)'while(x=='y
63.
;)(int n = Student::ManyInFile
64.
;"cout << "There are " << n << " persons in file\n
65.
)for(int j=0; j<n; j++
66.
67.
;cout << "\Student " << j
68.
;)Ahmed.DataIn(j
69.
;)(Ahmed.DisplayData
70.
71.
;cout << endl
72.
;return 0
73.
74.

80 81

.
:

.
Test.dat

. if
:
;1. ifstream file
;)file.open(a:test.dat
2.
3.
) if( !file
;"cout << "\nCant open test.DAT
else
;"cout << "\nFile opened successfully.
4.
5.
6.
7.
if test
5 . 7

.

Standard Template Library
:
STD

iostream string

.
. std

.
:

:

Iterators
.
:

:

.
: Iterators

. .
:
:

vector
list
deque
queue
stack
map
set
.

string .
) (begin
) (end
) (front
) (back
) (push_back
) (pop_back
) (push_front
) (pop_front
)insert(a , b
)insert(a,b,c
)insert(a,first,last
)erase(a
)erase(a,b
) (clear
) (size
) (empty
) (capacity
)swap(a,b
)find(m
b a
c b
a
first last
a

a
a b

1

a b

m
: vector

.

:
CODE
>2. #include <vector
4.
)(5. int main
{ 6.
;vector <double> v
7.
;double k=0
8.
9.
"?cout <<"please enter your grade in all course

;"<< " (for out pree 0)\n
10.
11.
12.
13.
{)for (int i=1;;i++
14.
cout << "please enter your grade in course" <> k
16.
;if (k==0)break
17.
;)v.push_back(k
18.
19.
20.
;)(int j=v.size
21.
;double total=0 ,avg=0
22.
)for (i=0;i<j;i++
23.
24.
;]total+=v[i
25.
26.
;avg=total/j
27.
28.
;cout << "Your total of grades is:\t\t" << total << endl
29.
;cout << "Your Avg is\t\t\t\t" << avg << endl
30.
31.
32.
;return 0
}
33.

. vector
.
7 vector

double v
.
for
16 0
for
.vector
18
v ) (. push_back
21 for

) (. size
23 24
] [ .
. 26
29 . 30
string
.

) (. push_front
: Lists
list
. list

:
CODE
>2. #include <list
4.
;5. typedef list<int> grade
6.
)(7. int main
{ 8.
;grade v
;double k=0
9.
10.
11.
"?cout <<"please enter your grade in all course

;"<< " (for out pree 0)\n
12.
13.
14.
{)for (int i=1;;i++

cout << "please enter your grade in course" <> k
18.
;if (k==0)break
19.
;)v.push_back(k
20.
}
21.
22.
;)(int j=v.size
23.
;double total=0 ,avg=0
24.
;)(for (grade::const_iterator ci = v.begin
25.
26.
)ci != v.end(); ++ci
27.
;)total+=(*ci
28.
;avg=total/j
29.
30.
;cout << "Your total of grades is:\t\t" << total << endl
31.
;cout << "Your Avg is\t\t\t\t" << avg << endl
32.
33.
34.
;return 0
}
35.

5
grade
.

25 . 26

: 25
;)(grade::const_iterator ci = v.begin
;)(list<int>::const_iterator ci = v.begin

list
const_iterator
.
for 26
ci list
for
.
27 . total

.
.
: deque

)
(
.
:
reverse( ) merge( )
:
CODE
2. #include <list>
4.
5. int main()
6.
7.
int j,i;
8.
list<int> list1, list2;
9.
10.
for(j=0,i=0; j<4; j++,i=j*2)
11.
list1.push_back( i );
12.
for(j=0,i=0; j<5; j++,i=j*3)
13.
list2.push_back( i );
14.
//list1: 0, 2, 4, 6
//list2: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12
cout << "list1:\t";
15.
16.
for(list<int>::const_iterator c=list1.begin();
c!=list1.end();
17.
++c)
18.
cout << *c << "\t";
19.
cout << endl;
20.
cout << "list2:\t";
21.
22.
for(list<int>::const_iterator a=list2.begin();
a!=list2.end();
23.
++a)
24.
cout <<
25.
cout << endl;
*a <<"\t";
26.
27.
list1.reverse();
// list1: 6 4 2 1
28.
list1.merge(list2);
//list1+=list2
29.
30.
31.
int size = list1.size();
) )(while( !list1.empty
32.
33.
;' ' << )(cout << list1.front
34.
;)(list1.pop_front
35.
36.
;cout << endl
37.
;return 0
38.
39.
list1 list2
11 13 25 16
.
27 ) ( reverse
.
28 ) ( merge list1
. list2
while 32 35
list1 34
35

.
: Associative Containers
vector deque list

) (.

) (
.

.

.
set multset map . multmap

set
map
.
.
: set
set

push pop
.
insert

:
CODE
>2. #include <set
5.
)(6. int main
{ 7.
;set <string> names
8.
;)"names.insert("Mohamed
9.
;)"names.insert("Ahmed
10.
;)"names.insert("Sultan
11.
;)"names.insert("Emad
12.
;)"names.insert("Thamier
13.
14.
;string a
15.
;set<string>::const_iterator i
16.
17.
)for (i=names.begin();i!=names.end();++i
;cout << *i << endl
18.
19.
;char sure
20.
{);;(for
21.
<< cout
22.
;cin >> sure
23.
;""\nDo you want to add another(y/n):\n
24.
25.
26.
{)'if(sure=='y
;cin >> a
27.
};)names.insert(a
28.
;else if (sure=='n') break
29.
;"else cout << "Try againe\n
30.
31.
32.
);;(for
33.
34.
;"cout << "Do you want to find a name\n
35.
;cin >> sure
36.
{)'if(sure=='y
37.
;"cout << "Enter the name\t
38.
;cin >> a
39.
;)i=names.find(a
40.
;"if ( i== names.end()) cout << "Not in there\n
41.
;"else cout << "we found it\n
42.
43.
;else if (sure=='n') break
44.
;"else cout << "try againe please\n
45.
}
46.
;"cout << endl << "Think for using this\n
47.
48.
49.
;return 0
}
50.
set
.
8 set . names
18- 9 insert 5
string . names
15 string
16 i
.
18 19 for
.

for
. 21
23 y n

30 for
.
29 for
.n
y
a 27
names . 28
for

. 33

y 39
.
40 find

.i
41
i
end

. 42
47 .
: map

string

:
CODE
>2. #include <map
5.
)(6. int main
{ 7.
;string a;double x
8.
;}"string name[]={"Ahmed","Iman","Amani","Mohamed","Fadi
9.
;}double numOfTel[]={12548,15879,13648,14785,5826
10.
11.
;map<string, double> mapTel
12.
;map<string, double>::iterator i
13.
14.
)for(int j=0; j<5; j++
15.
16.
;]a = name[j
17.
;]x = numOfTel[j
18.
;mapTel[a] = x
19.
20.
21.
;" cout << "Enter name:
22.
;cin >> a
23.
;]x = mapTel[a
24.
;"cout << "Number_Of_Tel: " << x << "\n
25.
26.
;cout << endl
27.
)for(i = mapTel.begin(); i != mapTel.end(); i++
28.
29.
;"cout << (*i).first << ' ' << (*i).second << "\n
;return 0
30.
31.

.
. map
string
) (.
12 map
:
;map<string, int> mapTel

.
13 i
.12
20-15
.
23 .

x
0 x . 24
x .25
28 29 . map

.
: Algorithms
STL
.

STL .

.

) (
printf
.
CODE
4.
>5. template <class T
{ 6. class prin
public:
7.
)void operator() (const T& t
8.
9.
10.
; cout << t
11.
}
;}
12.
;prin <string> print
13.
14.
)(int main
15.
16.
;string a
17.
;cin >> a
18.
;)print(a
19.
;)"print("\n
20.
21.
22.
;return 0
}
23.

printf
.
print

. algorithm
functional .
) (: find

: int
CODE
>2. #include <algorithm
4.
)(5. int main
{ 6.
;}int number[]={1,5,8,10,85,100,89
7.
;int a
8.
9.
10.
;"cout << "Enter the number\n

;cin >> a
11.
;)int* num=find(number,number+7,a
12.
;cout << "The number in\t" << (num-number) << endl
13.
14.
15.
;return 0
16.
}
17.
algorithm .

.11
12
find find

find .
13 .
) (: sort
sort
. :
CODE
4.
5.
)(6. int main
{ 7.
;}int number[]={1,45,80,40,-1,60,55
8.
9.
10.
)for(int a=0;a<7;a++
11.
;"cout << number[a] << "\t
12.
;cout << endl
13.
;"cout << "The array after sorting\n
14.
;)sort(number,number+7
15.
16.
17.
)for( a=0;a<7;a++
18.
19.
;cout << endl
20.
;return 0
21.
22.
}
23.
45
1. 1
:
55
60
80
60
-1
40
80
2. The array after sorting

55
45
40
3. -1 1

) (: count

.

:
CODE
4.
5.
)(6. int main
{ 7.
;}int number[]={1,40,80,40,40,60,55
8.
9.
10.
)for(int a=0;a<7;a++
11.
12.
;cout << endl
13.
;)int n=count(number,number+7,40
14.
15.
16.
;cout << "The times of 40 is:\n" << n << endl
17.
18.
;return 0
19.
}
20.
:
55
60
40
40
80
40
The times of 40 is:

3
40 count
3.
) (: for_each

:
CODE
4.
{ 6. class prin
public:
7.
)void operator() (const T& t
8.
9.
10.
; cout << t
11.
}
;}
12.
;prin <int> print
13.
14.
15.
;}Int[]={1,2,3,4,5
)(int main
16.
17.
18.
int
19.
20.
21.
;"cout << "for_each()\n
22.
23.
;)for_each(Int, Int+5, print
24.
25.
;cout << endl
26.
27.
;return 0
}
28.
prin
. 5 .12
13 .
for_each 23
print
for .

functional
.

Program Example
:

ATM

/

.
:
:

.

.

.

.

.

. Stack

.
:
CODE
2. class array
{ 3.
;int _size
4.
;int _capacity
5.
;T *arr
6.
;T *arr2
7.
;)chapter(int m
8.
;)(void allocater
9.
;)void allocater(int x
10.
;)( void alloce
11.
public:
12.
;)(array
13.
;)array(int m
14.
void save();//
15.
void load();//
16.
;)(int size
17.
;)(int capacity
18.
void erase(int x);//
19.
void push_back(T x);//
20.
void clean(); //
21.
int find (T x)const;//
22.
void operator()(int m);//
23.
array<T> operator+ ( array<T>& rhs);//
24.
;)array<T> &operator=(array<T> &rhs
25.
T &operator[](int x);//
26.
;}
27.

.
: _size

.
: _capacity

.
: arr

: arr2

.
:

. .
) : ( chapter

chapter

31
30 30 60
90 31 930
.

:
{)2. int array<T>::chapter(int m
;if (m<0) throw
3.
;else if (m<30) return 30
4.
5.
6.
;else if (m<120)return 120
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
;else throw
35.
}
36.

.
: array

:
)(2. array<T>::array
3.
;_size=1
4.
;)_capacity=chapter(1
5.
;]arr=new T[_capacity
6.
;arr[0]=0
7.
}
8.

.

.
1 2
. array
4 .
5 chapter
1
30 . _capacity
6
.

. 7

.
:
)2. array<T>::array(int m):_size(m),_capacity(0
{
3.
;)_capacity=chapter(m
4.
;int d=0
5.
6.
)for (int i=0;i<_capacity;i++

;arr[i]=d
7.
8.
9.
1 2 _size

capacity 0

.

chapter . _capacity
6 arr

.
7 8
arr

.
: push_back

:
)2. void array<T>::push_back(T x
{
3.
)if(_size+1<_capacity
4.
;arr[++_size]=x
5.
};else{ allocater();arr[++_size]=x
6.
7.
}
8.
1 2
.
4
_size
.

allocater

) (
6

) ( .
: allocater

.
:

)(2. void array<T>::allocater
{
3.
;arr2=arr
4.
;_capacity+=30
5.
6.
)for(int i=0;i<_capacity-30;i++
7.
8.
;]arr[i]=arr2[i
9.
;delete[] arr2
10.
;arr2=0
11.
12.
1 .2

.
3 arr
.

.
5
_capacity ) ( 30

.
_capacity .
6 arr
arr2 .
7 8 arr2
. arr
9 10

.

_capacity
_capacity
. 30
:
)2. void array<T>::allocater(int x
{
3.
;int m=_capacity
4.
;arr2=arr
5.
;)_capacity=chapter(x
6.
7.
)for(int i=0;i<m;i++
8.
;]arr[i]=arr2[i
9.
;delete[] arr2
10.
;arr2=0
11.
12.
13.

allocater 4 .6

.
) (:

operator

.
) (

.
void

.
:
)2. void array<T>::operator()(int m
{
3.
4.
;arr2=arr
5.
;)_capacity=chapter(m
6.
;_size=m
7.
8.
)for(int i=0;i<_capacity;i++
9.
;arr[i]=0
10.
;delete []arr2
11.
;arr2=0
12.
13.
14.
1 .2
5

.
6
chapter . _capacity
7
. _size
8 .
9 10 0
.
11 12
.
) = (:

.

.

.
:
)2. array<T>& array<T>::operator=(array<T> &rhs
{
3.
;)(_size=rhs.size
4.
;)(_capacity=rhs.capacity
5.
;int i=0
6.
;)( alloce
7.
)for( i=0;i<_capacity;i++
8.
;]arr[i]=rhs[i
9.
10.
;return *this
11.
1 . 2
4
.
5 _capacity
_capacity
. chapter
7 ) ( alloce

_capacity
_capacity .
.
8 9
for
_capacity _size .
10 =
. this
) (: alloce

= .
:
)( 2. void array<T>::alloce
{
3.
;delete [] arr
4.
;arr=0
5.
6.
)for (int i=0;i<_capacity;i++
7.
8.
;arr[i]=0
}
9.
1 .2
4 5
.

.
7 8 .
] [ :

.

int .

_capacity
. _size

.
:
)2. T& array<T>::operator[](int x
{
{)if(x>_size
3.
4.
};]if (x<_capacity){_size=x+1; return arr[x
5.
else
6.
};]{allocater(x);_size=x+1;return arr[x
7.
;]else if(x<0) return arr[0
8.
;]else return arr[x
9.
10.
1 2
x . int
4
_size
arr

. arr
4 if

arr
_size
.

6
allocater

chapter
_size ) ( x .
if 4
8

-1

.

.

9
.
) (: find

.

. int
:
2. int array<T>::find (T x)const
;{int i=0
)for( i=0;i< _size;i++
3.
4.
5.
;if (x==arr[i]) return i

;return -1
6.
7.
1 . 2
] [ 4 5
.

-1 .
) (: clean

.
:
)(2. void array<T>::clean
{
;arr2=arr
3.
4.
;_capacity=30
5.
;_size=0
6.
7.
)for(int i=0;i<_capacity;i++
8.
;arr[i]=0
9.
;delete []arr2
10.
;arr2=0
11.
12.
clean
.
) (: erase

.
74
93
50
10
12
20
2
10 .
.

74
93
50
12
20

5 .
) (. erase
:
)2. void array<T>::erase(int x
{
3.
;if ((x>_size)||(x<0)) return
4.
;_size=_size-1
5.
;arr[x]=0
6.
)for(int i=x;i<_size;i++
7.
8.
;]arr[i]=arr[i+1
9.
}
10.
int
1 . 2
4

.
5 .

7 . 8
. erase
: +

.
.
:
)2. array<T> array<T>::operator+ ( array<T>& rhs
{
3.
;)(int i=_size+rhs.size
4.
;)array<T> a(i
5.
)for(int j=0;j<_size;j++
6.
;]a[j]=arr[j
7.
;int k=0
)for(k=0,j=j;j<i;j++,k++
;]a[j]=rhs[k
8.
9.
10.
11.
;return a
}
12.
1 .2
4 i
i
.
5 a
. i
6 7 )
( . a
9 10 )
( . a

for a
for .
11 . a
) (: save

.

.
:
)(2. void array<T>::save
{
3.
;)ofstream a("file",ios::binary
4.
{)for(int i=0;i<_size;i++
5.
;) a.write( (char*) &arr[i], sizeof T
6.
7.
;)(a.close
8.
}
9.
1 2
.
4 ofstream
file
5 7
. for
8 .
) (: load

.
:
{)(2. void array<T>::load
;)ifstream a("file",ios::binary
3.
;int j=sizeof T
4.
;int i=0
5.
{))(while (!a.eof
6.
;a.read( (char*) &arr[i], sizeof T );i++
7.
8.
;)(a.close
9.
10.
;_size=i-1
11.
1 . 2
ifstream
file .
6 7 8
.

.

.
) ( size ) (: capacity

.
.
};2. int array<T>::size(){return _size
*/
*3. /
) (capacity

};5. int array<T>::capacity(){return _capacity
.
) (: main
.
)(1. int main
{ 2.
;)array <int> a(4
3.
)for(int i=0;i<a.size();i++
4.
;a[i]=i*2
5.
6.
;)array <int> b(5
7.
)for( i=0;i<b.size();i++
8.
;b[i]=i*4
9.
;)array <int> c(40
10.
11.
12.
;c=b+a
13.
14.
)for( i=0;i<c.size();i++
;cout <>
.
= .
.

.
::
( ) [ ] -> .
Sizeof & * -- ++ + - ~ !
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+ >= > <
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8=
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= += -= *= /= %= |= <<= >>=
throw
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
:
auto
break
case
catch
char
class
const
continue
default
delete
do
double
else
enum
extern
float
for
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goto
if
int
long
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operator
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public
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return
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this
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unsigned
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while

The Preprocessor
:

.
#
. include
define:
define
.
:
#define MAX 50

MAX 50 :
;]int arr[MAX
:
]int arr[50
.
:

.

.

.
:
CODE
2. #define POWER(x) x*x
3. #define POWER3(x) x*x*x
5.
6.
)(7. int main

{ 8.
;int a=0,b=0
9.
10.
;cout << "Enter a:\t"; cin >> a
11.
;cout << "Enter b:\t";cin >> b
12.
13.
14.
15.
;cout << "power:\t\t" << POWER(a) << endl
16.
;cout << "power3:\t\t" << POWER3(b) << endl
17.
18.
19.
;return 0
}
20.
define
.
16 17
POWER
.

.
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;int num1 , num2

; " cout << "the first number:\n

;cin >> num1

;"cout << " the second number:\n

;cin >> num2

;cout << "the Value is: " << num1+num2

: Declarations and Definitions

cannot read thie*/

)(3. int main

;2- using namespace std

)(3- int main

; "8- cout << "The number i is bigger than j

;using namespace std

;int i=0 ,j=0

; cin >> i >> j

; "cout << "The number i is bigger than j

} ; "else { cout << "error

)(3- int main

; "8- cout << "The number i is bigger than j

; "cout << "The number j is bigger than i

; "cout << "there is no bigger number

} ; "{ cout << "error

; "2- cout << "The number i is bigger than j

; "5- cout << "The number j is bigger than i

; "cout << "Enter Number1:\t

; "cout << "Enter Number2:\t

;"cout << "Enter the operator\t

;cout << endl << endl

;"cout << "Result:\t

1920}; if (x=='+') { cout << a+b

};else if (x=='-') { cout << a-b

};else if (x=='*') { cout << a*b

};else if (x=='/') { cout << a/b

};"{ cout << "Bad Command

;cout << endl

;2- using namespace std

; "cout << "Enter Number1:\t

cout << "Enter Number2:\t" ;

cout << "Enter the operator\t";

cout << endl << endl;

cout << "Result:\t";

cout << a+b ;

cout << a-b;

cout << a*b;

cout << a/b;

cout << "Bad Command";

cout << endl;

cout << a+b ;

;cout << a-b

;cout << a/b

cout << "Please Enter Your degree:\t" ;

cin >> degree;

if ((degree <=100) && (degree>= 90))

else if ((degree <90) && (degree>= 80))

else if ((degree <80) && (degree>= 70))

else if ((degree <70) && (degree>= 60))

else if ((degree <60) || (degree>= 0))

else if((degree >100) || (degree < 0)) {

cout << "False degree" << endl;return 0;

cout << endl;

cout << "Your Mark:\t" << mark ;

cout << endl;

};else if (x=='') { cout << ab