4.

4 Hiu ng un dc trong phn t thanh P-Delta : i vi thanh c mnh ln, chu lc nn v un s xut hin hiu ng un dc P-Delta lm tng vng ca thanh, gy mt n nh cc b hay tng th (buckling). SAP cho php t trc mt lc nn vo u phn t to ra chuyn v ban u ( khng phi ti trng ngoi ) c khai bo trong P-Delta. c im: Ch tnh c ni lc do nh hng ca P-Delta ch khng tnh c ti trng ti hn Pth . P-Delta ch tnh cho phn t thanh khi thit k cu kin BTCT (ct), kt cu thp v dy cp (Cable). Hnh 4.14 Gn lc gy ra P-delta Cch s dng P-Delta Khai bo lc P Delta cho Frame + Trn menu Assign Frame/Cable/Tendon P Delta Force. + Nhp gi tr ca lc trong mc Force v chn OK. + Trn menu Define Analysis Case Add New Case xut hin hp thoi Analysis Case Data Nonlinear Static. + Analysis Case Name: Nhp tn. + Analysis Case Type: Nhp loi chn Static. + Initial Conditions: Khai bo trng thi ban u. + Analysis Type: Nhp loi phn tch. Chn Nonlinear. + Loads Applied: Khai bo ti trng ph thm gy chuyn v s cp (khng bao gm trng hp ti tng hay gim thm lc dc trong thanh). + Nonlinear Parameters chn Modify/ Show chn P-Delta.

Hnh 4.15 Khai bo hiu ng P-delta Ch : Phng php ny ch c tc dng i vi mt s phn t gn lc P Delta. Lc P Delta khng c coi l mt trng hp ti trng, khng phi l mt lc ngoi, khng tham gia vo qu trnh tnh ton dao ng ring, ni lc, hay tnh ton ct thp Khai bo kho st P Delta cho ton b kt cu kho st P Delta cho ton b kt cu chu nh hng ca cc ti trng ngang, ti trng dc trc (bao gm c tnh ti v hot ti ). Thc hin nh sau: + Trn menu Define Analysis Case Add New Case xut hin hp thoi Analysis Case Data Nonlinear Static. + Cc mc Analysis Case Analysis Case Type, Conditions,Analysis Nonlinear Parameters tng phn trn Name, Initial Type, t nh

+ Loads Applied: Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng c th gy hiu ng P Delta. Bng cch s dng cng c Add.

Hnh 4.16 Khai bo cc loi ti gy P-Delta