)( )(

.



.



.


. .

.

..........................
......................

..........................
...................

..........................
...................

..........................
....................

..........................
...................

..........................
.................
/
.......................... /

)(Emissivity) (

/
(Thermal
/
(U- Transmittance
)

)......... Value

/ /

)(cp

)(Specific Heat Capacity

/
)(Vapour Resistance
/
.......
/ ) (R
)(Thermal Resistance
/
......
/
)(RS
/
(Surface
Thermal
)(RV

)Resistance

.................
/
)(Ra
/
(Total
Thermal

)Resistance

....................
/
)(Rc
/
(Cavity
Thermal

)Resistance

..................
/
/

)(Vapour Resistivity

.......
/
/

)(C

1

k
(Thermal
)Resistivity

.......
/ )(P
(Water
Vapour /
). Permeance

 /
(h) /
(Surface
Thermal

)Conductance

...............

//

//
//

).................. (Cavity Thermal Conductance

)........ (Thermal Conductivity) (k
).. (Water Vapour Permeability) (

........

.................

/ /
/ /

..................................................
.......

/ /

..............

........................

/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /

......................................
..............................................
.........................................
......................................
.......................................
.......................................
...................................
........................................

)(CC

 / /
//
//
//
//
//

....................................
.................................
.......................................
......................................
.............................................
...........................................

/ /

........................
.............................

/ /

.............................

/ /

........................

/ /

.................

...........................

............................................

.................

........................

...........................

/ /

....................................

/ /

.................

/ /

) (U-Value ......

.........................

/ /

.........

)................... (Heat Storage

/ /

.................

/ /

......................

...............................

)(U-Value

 / /
/

)Bridges

(Thermal

) ( ..................................

.............................

/ /

) (U-Value

/ /

..........................................


/ /
/ /
/ /

)..........(Thermal Resistance

..........

.........................

...............................................

............................

...............

...................................

...............

1
).. (Vapour Resistivity

................

).................... (Water Vapour Barriers

...........................

...............................................

/ /
/ /
/ /

...........................................

......................
........

...................................

.................

.....................................

:
-

....

........................................................

........................................................

) (SI Units ............

......................

...............


:
:
:
:
:

) (Ud
).......... (RSO
)............ (RSi
)................(RC
) (k
...............................
.........................
..........

........................................

...................................

..........................

..................................................

):(
):(-

)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
):(
): (
): (
): (
):(
):(
):(

)(Uwin

....................

 ) :(-
...................................................
.
) :(-

........................................
) :(-
.................................................

): (
): (
): (
): (
): (

...............
........................
..............................
)....... (Psychrometric Chart
.....

.

.



.


.

.

.


.

 ) (Thermal Load
)(

- - - - )(




)(
.

= ) (

Ad

= ) (

)(Clear Area for doors), (m2

AW

= ) (

)(Clear Area for Walls), (m2

AWin

= ) (

AH

= ) /(

)(Area), (m2

)(Clear Area for windows), (m2

)(Absolute Humidity), (g/kg

= ] )/.([
])(Thermal Conductance), [W/(m2.K

CC

= ] )/.([

cp

= ] )/.([

])(Cavity Thermal Conductance) [W/(m2.K

])(Specific Heat Capacity), [J/(kg. K

DBT

= ) (

)(Dry Bulb Temperature), (C

= ) () (

= ] )/ .([

= ] )/.([

1
k

= ) . /(

= ] )/.([

= ) (
= ) / (

= ) ./(

Ra

= ) ./(

RC

= ) ./(

RS

= ) ./(

RSi

= ) ./(

RSO

= ) ./(

)(m

(Thickness),

)(Emissivity

])(Surface Thermal Conductance), [W/(m2. K

])(Thermal conductivity), [W/(m. K
)(Thermal Resistivity), (m. K/W

])(Water Vapour Permeance), [g/(MN.s

)(Heat Quantity), (J

)(Density of heat Flow Rate), (W/m2

)(Thermal Resistance), (m2. K/W

)(Air to Air Thermal Resistance), (m2. K/W

)(Cavity Thermal Resistance), (m2. K/W
)(Surface Thermal Resistance) (m2. K/W

)(Inside Surface Thermal Resistance), (m2. K/W

)(Outside Surface Thermal Resistance), (m2. K/W

RV

= ) ( %
= ) ./(

)(Relative Humidity

(MN.s/g) (Vapour Resistance),

= )(

tSi

= ) ,(

tSO

= ) (

)(C

(Temperature),

)(Inside Surface Temperature), (C

)(Outside Surface Temperature), (C

= ] )/.([

Ud

= ])/.([

UW

= ] )/.([

UWin

= ] )/.([

])(Thermal Transmittance), [W/(m2. K

])(Thermal Transmittance for Doors), [W/(m2. K

])(Thermal Transmittance for Walls), [W/(m2. K

])(Thermal Transmittance for Windows), [W/(m2. K

=
= ) (

WBT

)(Decrement Factor

)(Wet Bulb Temperature), (C

= ) /(

= ) (
= ] .)/.([

)(Density) (kg/m3
)(Time Lag) (h

])(Water Vapour Permeability), [g.m/(MN.s

= ].)/.([

])(Vapour Resistivity), [MN.s/(g.m

/ /

)(

):(Emissivity

) (Radiant Flux
"
" (
).= 1

 " " ) (BS 874: Part 1

) ( )(

.
/ /

):(Thermal Transmittance ) (U-Value

) ( ) (

])/.([]). [W/(m2. K

) (


.

/ /

):(Specific Heat Capacity) (cp

])/.([ ]).[J/(kg. K

/ /

):(Vapour Resistance) (RV

R V = 1 ) ./(
P

).(MN.s/g
/ /

) :(Thermal Resistance) (R

.

 / /

)(RS

): (Surface Thermal Resistance

R S = 1 )./(
h

(m2.

).K/W
/ /

)(Ra

):(Total Thermal Resistance

.
R a = 1 )./( ).(m2. K/W
U

/ /

)(RC

):(Cavity Thermal Resistance

1
CC

= R C )./(

).(m2. K/W
/ /

):(Vapour Resistivity

].)/.([ ]).[MN.s/(g.m
//

1

k

):(Thermal Resistivity

)./( ).(m. K/W

//

)(P

):(Water Vapour Permeance

) (

 // ):(Thermal Conductance) (C
) ( ) (
.
k
= C

])/.([]). [W/(m2. K
//

)(h

):(Surface Thermal Conductance

) (
) (

])/.([ ]).[W/(m2. K
// ): (Cavity Thermal Conductance) (CC
) ( ) (

)/.(.W/(m2. K)
// ):(Thermal Conductivity) (k

)(
. )/.(W/(m. K)
//

)(

):(Water Vapour Permeability

 ) (

) / (N/m2) ( ].)/.([ ]).[(g.m/MN.s

/ /

.
.
.

.

/ /

:
:
* ):(Flake Insulators

. .
.
* ):(Fiber Insulators
.

* ):(Porous Insulators
.
.

.
* ):(Cellular Insulators
.
.
//

:
.

.

. :
-

.
.
.
.

/ /

) :(//


.

.

/ /

):(Density
)
/ ( .

.
.

/ /

):(Water Absorption
.


.

/ /

):(Water Adsorption or Hygroscopy

/ /

.

.
)) (Water Vapour Permeability :(//


.
.

.
)(Water Vapour Diffusivity
.

.


.



.
/ /

):(Dimensional Stability

.

.

//

):(Combustion and Flammability

.
.

 / /

):(Pressure Resistance

.

.

/ /

):(Weathering Resistance


.

.

// ):(Working Temperature

.

.
):(Compaction and Setting
//


.

.
// ):(Dimensional Recovery

.


.
// ):(Adhesion

.
.

.

.
// ):(Shrinkage
.

.

/ /



.


.
/ /

:
)(

:
) (

:
)-
- ( ) (Heating-Degree-Day) - - (
) .(Cooling-Degree-Day
.



.

) (

:


) (Air Infiltration
.


.

)( :
)(

):(Buildings Orientation
.


.
.

)(

):(Buildings Ventilation

.
.

.

.

) ( ) (Buildings Elements:


.
)( :
)(

 .

.

.
) (

:
.

) (//

) (

:

.

.

) (

:
.


.

)(

 .

.
) (:

.

.
) (

:


.

) (

:

.

) (

:

.

.

) ( :



.
.
)( :



.
) (

:




.

/ /

:
:
*
*
*
*

/ /

.
.
.
.

:
)(


.
.
.


.



.

.
)( :
) (

.


.

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.

.
.

.
.
)(

:

.
.
.

.
.

)(

:

.

.

) (
.

.

.

.


.


.

:
:
*

*
*
*
*
*
*
*

) ( )
(.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

:
* :
:
/
) (100
/ .

 :
) (100
/ .
* ):(Thermal Inertia
: ) (Partitions

)(.
:

.
:


.


.
)(Brick

* :
-

)
0.5/(.
:


) 5.0-0.5/(.
:

/ /

:
)(

)( :
) (

:
* .
* .

) (

:
*
*
*
*

/ /

.
.
.
.

:
)(

:

.
.


).(/

.

. :
*
.
* )
( .
*

.
)( :

:
* :


.
) (windward side
). (Leeward side

* :

.
* :

.



.
) (U-value
)(/
) .(
//

) (U-Value :

.


.

.
/ .

 / /

):(Heat Storage
) (
) (V (t).

) (QS ) (1:

)(cp

)( )( Joule

//

QS = . cp. V t

)(1

:
)(

) (
.


.
) (



.

)(

)(
) (


) (
.

/ /

) :( U-value
)(

:
* )(

) (- )(.
*
) (/ /


) (- )(.
*
) (/

) (- )(.

 ) (

ti

ti

to

to

) (

to

to

ti

ti

)( :
)(
.
)(

) (Ud )) (Uwin / .(

3.5
7.0
5.8

**

5.0

4.3

3.8

6.7

5.6

5.0

3.5

5.0

4.3

3.8

2.7

)(W/m2.K

2.7

2.5

2.3

3.2

3.0

2.5

2.3

) (30 .

() : ) (3 ) ( 12.
) ( ) (25.

)( :

*

) (- )( ) (2:
)/.(

)(W/m2. K

Ud Ad + Uw A w + Uwin A win
A

=U

)(2

:
U
Ud
UW
Uwin
A
Ad
AW
Awin

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

*


) (- )(
).(2
/ /

)) (Thermal Bridges (:
.
) (
.
.

.

/ /

) (U Value :
) (U Value
) (3
.

)/.(

U = 1 / R Si + R SO + RC + Ri

)(W/m2. K

)(3

:
RSi

= ) (

RS

= ) (

RC

= ) (
= ) //(

Ri

) ( ) (3 .
R1

Rso

R2

RC

R3

R4

)(
)(

)(
)(

) :(

//

RSi




) (3
) (4:
)/.(
A
Ai
U
Ui

=
=
=
=

Ui A i

)(W/m2. K

:

) ( i

) ( i

=U

)(4

) ( :

)/

U1 1 + U2 2
A

.( )(W/m2. K

=U

:
= U1 )(1-1
= A1 )(1-1
= U2 )(2-2
= A2 )(2-2
= A ) . (1 + 2

) (


)(

A1

A2
A

) :(

//

)(5

Ud Ad + UF AF + UG AG + UR AR + Uw A w + Uwin A win
A

)/.(

:
UT
Ud
UF
UG
UR
UW
Uwin
A

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

)(W/m2. K

.
.
/ .
.
.
.
.
.

= UT

)(5

Ad
AF
AG
AR
AW
AWin

//

=
=
=
=
=
=

.
/ .
.
.
.
.

):(Thermal Resistance
)(

):(RSO

. ) (
.

).(/
:
] ) :[ ( 0.9
.
] ) :[( 0.1 )
( .
)(

)) (RSO ./(

) / (

0.5

)(m2.K/W

5.0 0.5

5.0

:
: ) 0.1

0.08

0.06

0.03

0.10

0.07

0.03

0.07

0.04

0.02

0.09

0.05

0.02

0.09

) ( 0.9

)( ):(RSi

. ) (
.
)( ):( Rc

.
)(

)) (RSi ./(

)(m2.K/W

0.13

0.31

0.10

0.21

0.17

 :
: ) ( 0.1
:

)) (
(.
) ( 0.9

) (20 .

.
.
.


.
. )(
.

)(

):(R
) (Thermal Conductivity) (k
. ) (R
) (d
) /. ( ) (6:
)./(

)(m2. K / W

1
d
k

=R

)(6

 )(

)) (RC . /(


) (
-5

20

20

:
: ) 0.1

)(m2. K / W

0.11

0.11

0.18

0.18

0.18

0.20

0.35

1.06

) ( 0.9

) (7:
Ri =R1+R2 +

). /(

)( m2. K / W

)(7

= d1/k1 + d2/k2 +

) ( ) (k
) (
).(cp
/ /

:
)(
) (.

 )(
) (k

)(

) (kg/m

)(Limestone
)(Sandstone

2200
2180
1650
2300
2000

)(k
)(W/m.K
1.53
1.50
0.93
1.50
1.30

) (Marble

)(Wadi Pebbles) (3-6 mm

)(Wadi Gravel) (10-19 mm

) (

1900

1800

1.40

1300

0.70

)(Clay

1.50

1.20

600

1.16

2500

2.20

2600

2.30

2600

2.30

1500

0.30

)(Wadi Sand) (20-100 mesh

1750

0.42

1540

0.42

1250

0.30

2600

1.73

0.85

480

0.09

)(Foamed Clay

400

0.16

)(Blast Furnace Slag

560

0.11

640

0.13

450

0.14
1.40

)(Granite

)(Basalt

)(Sand

)(Dolomite
)(Lava

)(Pumice

)(Foamed Slag

)(Diatomite

)(Loam
(Expansive

)Clay

)(

)(

) (kg/m

) (

2400
2300
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400

)(k
)(W/m.K
1.85
1.75
1.48
1.17
0.89
0.68
0.56

1200
1000
800

0.40
0.30
0.25

600
500
400
1850
1570
1440

0.20
0.16
0.12
0.72
0.53
0.48
0.46
0.38

1280
1120

610
400

0.19
0.08

960
800
640
480

0.30
0.26
0.20
0.14

) (

880
2200
1880
1720

0.25
1.40
0.54
0.32

1900

1.20

1600
1400
1200
1000

1.00
0.90
0.77
0.65

1400

0.95

 )(

)(

) (kg/m

) (

) (

)(k
)(W/m. K

1600
1400
1200
1000
1600
1400

0.79
0.64
0.52
0.47
0.56
0.49

780
640
470

0.41
0.38
0.33

1900

1.05

1700

0.79

1800
1400
1200

0.79
0.60
0.52

1400
1200
1000

0.60
0.52
0.47

1000
800
700
600

0.47
0.41
0.38
0.35

2000
1800
1600

1.10
0.99
0.79

1600
1400

0.79
0.70

)(Hollow Glass

) (

) 8(

1100

0.44

(Sand/Epoxy
2000

)Resin

1.10

)(

)(

) (kg/m

) (

) o 500(
) o 1000(
) o 500(
) o 1000(
) o 500(
) o 1000(
) o 500(
) o 1000(

)(k
)(W/m.K

)(

) o 500(
) o 1000(

720

0.29

720

0.34

720

0.18

720

0.21

480

0.13

480

0.14

1900

1.30

1900

1.40

700

0.26

700

0.29

2100

1.10

2450

1.60

1900

0.85

1800

0.79

1900

1.05

1900

0.99

1600

0.40

1500

0.23

1750

0.35

2000

1.10

)(

)(

) (kg/m

)(Pine )(Oak - )(Teak

)(Plywood-board

)(Chip board

)(Fiber board

1800
1600
1000

)(k
)(W/m.K
0.50
0.30
0.17

700

0.08

400

0.12

270

0.07

520

0.14

700

0.21

670

0.20

2000

1.50

2200

1.40

1000

0.21

950

0.16

950
800
600

0.18
0.17
0.14

800

0.15

1000

0.17

400
300
200

0.065
0.058
0.047

500

0.09

600

0.11

)(Wood Wool

)(

)(

)(kg/m3

)(k
)(W/m.K

) (

2500

1.05

2250

1.10

)( )(Flint Glass

3500

0.70

1200

0.23

800

0.18

320

0.048

600

0.07

550

0.10

700

0.72

0.22

710

0.12

)(Mosonite
)(Cellulosic
)(Sawdust
)(Straw board
)(Cardboard

*

)(Honeycomb paper board

-

0.18

0.08

0.10

)(Softwoods
)(Spruce

415

0.11

)(Pine

600

0.14

)(Hardwoods

)(Oak

800

0.21

)(Beech

750

0.17

)(

)(

) (kg/m

)(Teak )(Walnut - )(Mahogany

)(k
)(W/m.K

700

0.17

660

0.14

700

0.16

30-35

0.032

28

0.037

40-60
30
25
20
15

0.032
0.033
0.034
0.036
0.040

30

0.023

) (

30

0.026

23-30

0.035-0.04

) (

) (

) (

30
15
12
8
50
30
30

120
90
70
50
30
80
50
25

0.032
0.032
0.036
0.038
0.036
0.038
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.047
0.042
0.038
0.036
0.035
0.035
0.034
0.035

)(

)(

) (kg/m

930
1500
1380

)(k
)(W/m.K
0.16
0.29
0.20

960

0.16

1500

0.27

1200

0.25

400
240
160
80

0.085
0.055
0.043
0.040

)
(
:

64

160
145
130
110

0.029

0.045
0.042
0.040
0.039

400
280

0.100
0.073

640
240
480
320
250

0.145
0.055
0.080
0.062
0.050

700

0.071

330
500
400
300
200

0.053
0.072
0.062
0.047
0.043

400

0.070

550
160

0.100
0.050

)(Pulp Wood
)(Wood Felt
)(Wood Wool

)(Sawdust
)(

)(

) (kg/m

)(k
)(W/m.K
0.045
0.039

48
35

350
330
360

0.110
0.098
0.085

670
300
900
750
600
560
480
255

0.110
0.070
0.130
0.094
0.080
0.079
0.085
0.055

)(Papyrus Grass

140-300

0.040

50-160
30-80
15-50

0.038
0.039
0.043

) (

70
30-50
24
16
130
50-100
80-112
40-56
22-26

0.036
0.037
0.040
0.044
0.036
0.040
0.038
0.039
0.040

72-98

0.042

8-10
130
80
40-56
16-32

0.044
0.045
0.035
0.055
0.060

176-192

0.044

8-32

0.037

80-160
54-80

0.040
0.040

)(

)(

)(kg/m3

)
(

) (

350

368-512

)(k

)** (W/m.K

160

0.052

208-240

0.068
0.080
0.109

)(Mineral Fiber Cement

482-704

0.103

352-512

) (

112-240

0.071

175
136

0.063
0.047

800
480

0.09
0.06

(Cellular

)Glass

)(Woven Cloth Cellular Glass

**

0.134

210

0.057

95
50

0.085
0.110

) o 100(

)(

)(

) (kg/m

)(k
)(W/m.K

: ) (

160-240
35-50

0.059
0.039-0.046

115

0.052

100

0.045

320

0.062

270

0.069

32-56

40

0.040

240

0.044

80

0.042

)(Rock Wool

96-288

0.038-0.042

)(Glass Wool

64-160

0.038-0.042

192

0.038

)(Mineral Fibers

0.043

)(Slag Wool

)(Granulated )(Gypsum Pellets

128-240

0.065

)(Aerogel Silica

64-192

0.045

160-240

0.078

80-120

0.045

320-480
125
80
65
112-130
64-96
130

0.067-0.143
0.052
0.045
0.042
0.068
0.63
0.024

15

0.045

)(

)(

) (kg/m

)(k
)(W/m.K

)(Mastic Asphalt

900

0.19

1200

0.19

1000

0.19

2300
2000
1100

0.10
0.70
0.17

1200

0.17

)(ECB
- )(EPDM
)(Aluminum

) (

)(11R

)(Copper

)(

)(65 % Cu, 35 % Zn)(85 % Cu, 15 % Zn

)(

)(

)( )(Char Coal
)(Coal
)(Chalk
)(peat Moss

)(Cast Iron

)(Steel
)(Tin
)(Zinc

)(Nickel
)(Ash Wood

1200

0.19

1000

0.19

1200

0.30

2800

200

8900

380

8700

150

8300

120

7000

40

7800

60

7300

60

7100

110

8900

60

720

0.07

190

0.06

575

0.07

1500

0.07

200

0.05

)(

)(

) (kg/m

)(

1400-1600

)(k
)(W/m.K
0.07

1075

0.19

800

0.16

)(Bees Wax

1000

0.26

)(Praffin Wax

900

0.24

)(Glycerine

)(Grease
)(Sealants

1200

0.29

950

0.14

1350

0.40

)(Gaskets
480

0.06

1750

0.40

1900

0.40

1100

0.10

1200

0.16

1090

0.14

)(Kraft Building Paper

)(Linen

)(Leather

1000

)(Ice

920

0.09
0.16
2.25

190

0.17

400

0.43

 )(

)(

)(kg/m3

)(k
)(W/m.K

20 40 80 -

1000

0.60

990

0.63

970

0.67

) 20 (

1025

0.58

1.17

0.03

)(

)(cp

)/.(

1000

2100

1300

1500

800
400

) 1.25/ (

1000

4200

)(J/kg.K

 ) :(
)(

)( )(

)/.(

30 x 150

*0.16

15 x 150

*0.28

7.5 x 150

*0.48

60 x 150
30 x 150
60 x 60
30 x 60
15 x 60
30 x 30
15 x 30
7.5 x 30
15 x 15
7.5 x 15
7.5 x 7.5
3x3

)(W/m2.K

0.11
0.11
0.18
0.21
0.32
0.26
0.36
0.55
0.45
0.62
0.76
1.47

*
)(
)( )(

)/.(

30 x 150

0.09

15 x 150

0.16

7.5 x 150

0.28

60 x 150
30 x 150
60 x 60
30 x 60
15 x 60
30 x 30
15 x 30
7.5 x 30

0.06
0.10
0.08
0.12
0.18
0.15
0.21
0.32

)(W/m2.K

0.26
0.36
0.45
1.07

15 x 15
7.5 x 15
7.5 x 7.5
3x3

)( )( )(


)( )(

) 0.25(

) 0.50(

) 1.00(

150 x 150

10

60 x 150

11

30 x 150

11

15 x 150

13

6 x 150

15

2 x 150

15

25

150 x 150

10

15

60 x 60

11

17

30 x 30

12

18

15 x 15

12

20

6x6

15

25

2x2

10

20

35

:
.

.

.

. (water
) vapor barrier .

.
).( Dew point

/ /

) ( ) (
.
:
* /
* /
) (

.

 ) (=

100

:
) (=

100

:
=

. )(
) (
.
/ /

) (Psychrometric chart ) (
.
) 4.84/ (
) (20
) 17.3/ (
) .( BS A B C D E
) (

 ) (A : ) ( 5 C ) (90 %
) 6.1/.(
) (B : ) ( 20 C
) (35 %
) 6.1/.(
) (C : ) (70 %

) 12.2/.(

)(20 C

) (D : ) (Dew point
) (20 C ) (14.1C
.
) (E :
) .(10 C

) 9.4/.(

35

90%

25

80%
70%

20

17.3 gm/m

Bs

100%

30

Relative Humidity

Moisture Content (g/m3)

(/ )

PSYCHROMETRIC

60%
50%

15
12.2

9.4 gm/m

10

6.1

40%

30%

20%

10%
0

10

14. 15

20

25

( )
()

Air Temperature ( C)

30

35

 )(

) /(

) (N/m2

) o(

.9
4469

.8
4445

.7
4419

.6
4394

.5
4369

.4
4344

.3
4319

.2
4294

.1
4269

.0
4244

30

4219

4196

4172

4148

4124

4101

4077

4053

4030

4006

29

3984

3961

3939

3916

3894

3871

3848

3826

3803

3781

28

3759

3793

3717

3695

3674

3652

3631

3609

3588

3566

27

3544

3525

3504

3484

3463

3443

3423

3403

3382

3362

26

3343

3324

3304

3284

3266

3246

3227

3208

3188

3169

25

3151

3132

3114

3095

3077

3059

3040

3021

3003

2985

24

2968

2950

2932

2915

2897

2880

2863

2845

2827

2810

23

2794

2777

2761

2744

2727

2711

2695

2678

2661

2645

22

2629

2613

2598

2582

2566

2551

2535

2518

2504

2487

21

2473

2457

2443

2428

2413

2399

2384

2369

2354

2340

20

2324

2310

2297

2283

2268

2254

2241

2227

2212

2197

19

2185

2172

2158

2145

2132

2119

2105

2091

2079

2065

18

2052

2039

2027

2014

2001

1988

1976

1963

1950

1937

17

1926

1914

1901

1889

1878

1866

1854

1841

1830

1818

16

1806

1795

1784

1773

1762

1750

1739

1729

1717

1706

15

1695

1684

1674

1663

1653

1642

1631

1621

1610

1599

14

1588

1578

1569

1559

1548

1538

1528

1518

1508

1498

13

1488

1479

1470

1460

1451

1441

1431

1422

1413

1403

12

1394

1385

1375

1367

1358

1349

1340

1330

1321

1312

11

1304

1296

1287

1279

1270

1262

1254

1245

1237

1228

10

1218

1211

1203

1195

1187

1179

1171

1163

1156

1148

1140

1133

1125

1117

1110

1103

1096

1088

1081

1073

1066

1059

1052

1045

1038

1030

1023

1016

1008

1002

995

988

982

975

968

961

955

949

942

935

925

919

913

907

902

896

890

884

878

872

866

861

854

849

843

837

831

825

819

813

808

803

798

793

787

781

776

770

765

759

753
700
653

748
696
648

743
691
645

737
687
640

732
682
635

727
677
630

721
672
626

716
667
621

710
662
616

705
657
611

2
1
0

 )(
) (tS
) (tS ) (

)(

95%

90%

85%

80%

75%

70%

65%

60%

55%

50%

45%

-10.60

-11.60

-11.95

-12.50

-13.15

-13.95

-14.78

-15.68

-16.62

-17.45

-18.62

- 10

- 5.61

- 6.18

- 6.94

- 7.60

- 8.26

- 8.93

-10.00

-10.93

-11.95

-12.95

-14.00

- 5

- 2.93

- 3.15

- 3.85

- 4.67

- 5.45

- 6.26

- 7.10

- 7.94

- 9.00

-10.06

-11.29

- 2

- 0.67

- 1.42

- 1.99

- 2.59

- 3.38

- 4.26

- 5.16

- 6.10

- 7.10

- 8.21

- 9.45

+ 1.20

+ 0.47

- 0.26

- 0.98

- 1.77

- 2.48

- 3.16

- 4.40

- 5.43

- 6.56

- 7.77

+ 3.20

+ 2.44

+ 1.62

+ 0.78

- 0.09

- 0.88

- 1.79

- 2.61

- 3.69

- 4.88

- 6.11

+ 5.38

+ 4.48

+ 3.62

+ 2.72

+ 1.86

+ 0.85

- 0.08

- 1.05

- 2.10

- 3.07

- 4.49

+ 7.32

+ 6.48

+ 5.66

+ 4.77

+ 382

+ 2.83

+ 1.80

+ 0.67

- 0.44

- 1.61

+ 2.69

+ 9.3 1

+ 8.45

+7.65

+ 6.79

+ 5.82

+ 4.79

+ 3.74

+ 2.53

+ 1.31

+ 0.02

- 1.26

10

+11.33

+ 9.60 +10.48

+ 8.69

+ 7.75

+ 6.74

+ 5.63

+ 4.46

+ 3.19

+ 1.84

+ 0.35

12

+13.36

+11.64 +12.55

+10.71

+ 9.70

+ 8.67

+ 7.58

+ 6.40

+ 5.10

+ 3.76

+ 2.20

14

+14.42

+12.62 +13.52

+11.69

+10.70

+ 9.63

+ 8.52

+ 7.36

+ 6.07

+ 4.65

+ 3.12

15

15.54

14.58

13.63

12.66

11.68

10.61

9.47

8.29

6.98

5.59

4.07

16

16.19

15.36

14.50

13.37

12.54

11.48

10.39

9.18

7.92

6.48

5.00

17

17.25

16.13

15.41

14.56

13.48

12.44

11.33

10.12

8.83

7.43

5.90

18

18.22

17.37

16.40

15.47

14.49

13.37

12.26

11.09

9.75

8.33

6.80

19

19.18

18.36

17.44

16.46

15.48

14.40

13.22

12.00

10.72

9.30

7.73

20

20.19

19.77

18.41

17.44

16.40

15.36

14.21

12.92

11.59

10.22

8.60

21

21.22

20.28

19.39

18.42

17.41

16.27

15.19

13.89

12.52

11.16

9.54

22

22.23

21.34

20.37

19.37

18.37

17.29

16.04

14.87

13.47

12.20

10.44

23

23.18

22.32

21.37

20.33

19.22

18.21

17.06

15.73

14.44

12.93

11.34

24

24.22

23.30

22.27

21.35

20.24

19.11

17.99

16.69

15.37

13.83

12.20

25

25.16

24.31

23.32

22.32

21.29

20.09

18.90

17.67

16.26

14.84

13.15

26

26.10

25.22

24.32

23.31

22.23

21.11

19.83

18.57

17.24

15.68

14.08

27

27.18

26.20

25.25

24.28

23.18

22.07

20.86

19.38

18.14

16.61

14.96

28

28.18

27.26

26.21

25.23

24.20

22.97

21.83

20.48

19.04

17.58

15.85

29

29.09

28.19

27.21

26.10

25.11

23.94

23.71

21.44

19.96

18.44

16.79

30

31.17

30.16

29.23

28.24

27.08

25.79

24.65

23.26

21.90

20.28

18.62

32

33.11

32.13

31.19

30.09

28.94

27.85

26.54

25.19

23.77

22.19

20.42

34

35.06

34.23

33.05

31.97

30.88

29.65

28.41

27.00

25.50

24.08

22.23

36

37.03

36.05

35.01

33.96

32.78

31.62

30.31

28.87

27.44

25.74

23.97

38

39.11

38.05

36.98

35.86

34.69

33.48

32.16

30.81

29.22

27.66

25.79

40

44.03

42.97

41.87

40.74

39.54

38.24

36.85

35.38

33.86

32.17

30.29

45

48.98

47.90

46.75

45.55

44.33

42.99

41.58

40.09

38.46

36.63

34.76

/ /

.
)
- .(//

/ /

) (
.

/ /

.

.
:
) O (

)(OC

) tSi = ti - ( RSi . U . t

)(8

:
= tSi )O) (OC(
= ti )O) (OC(
= RSi )) (m2.K / W./(
= U )) (W / m2. K/.(
= t ))(K(

50

//

.

.


.

/ /

.

.

1
)(Vapour Resistivity

) .(//
).(

 )(

)./.(
)(MN.s/g.m

) (

:
*
*
*
*
*

:
*
*

:
*
*
*

:
*
*

:
*
*
*
* )(

80 135

54 80
27 54
27 54
80 135
800

380 800
27 54

540 1620
2700
4300

80 190
54

200
380
27
270 540
100 270

 )(

)./.(
)(MN.s/g.m

:
* ) (20
*

10000
7000 16000

* ) (30 /

* ) (25 /

* ) (15 /
*

200 540
160 380
100 270
160 540

5.4

27 160

. ) (RV
)( ) (9:
) ./(

)(MN.s/g

1
d

= RV

)(9

.

.



.

) (0.5 /

) (0.35 / .
) (W ) (10:
s s O

2
W = 0.005 i

)/ ( ) ( g/m
R V
R Vi

)(10

:
Pi
PS
PO
RVi
RVO

=
=
=
=
=

.
.
.
.
.

)(Water Vapour Barriers

) .(/
.

) ( ) (
.


.

 ) ( .
)(

)./.(
)(MN.s/g.m

:
* )(Epoxy resin
* )(Melamine resin

130000

* ) (0.4
* ) (0.5

46000

* ) (0.10
* ) (0.30
) (1.0

360000 324000
216000 100000

92000

350000
184000
3240

.
.
.
.


.

/ /

:


).(/
.
.

/ /


) (Time-Lag .

) (
).(Decrement Factor
) (
) (
) ( ).(

) (

tsi
tso

) (

)(24

)(

) (

tsi tso


) (

 )(

/ /

:

.
.
) .(
) 7 ( ) 8 (

).(
)(

 **

)(8

)(10

1.0

0.55

0.70

0.70

0.85

0.85

0.95

* .
** .
)(

) (

) (7

1.0

) (5

0.75

0.85

)(4
)(8

0.68
1.00

0.96
1.00

)(12

1.25

1.02

)(16

1.40

1.03

: .


) (.
:
) (12 ) (5 .
.
:

) (5
) (12
1.25 x 0.75 x 0.70 = h
) (h:

=
= )(0.75
= )(1.25
)(0.70

= 0.66

 )(

 )(


) (- .
) :(-

) o(

) o(

)(%

).(%

)/(.

)/(.

)/(

-----------

 - - ) o ) (HDD(
- ) o ) (CDD(

)(

 ) (

) (-) (-) (-
.
) :(-
)(U- Value

)(/

)/ .(

 ) :(-

)(/

)(U- Value

)/ .(

) (-

)(/

)(U- Value

)/ .(

 )(

) (-

)(

)(

Consumption

Cylinder

Crlindre

Absorption

Absorption

Transmission

Transmission

Transmittance

Coefficient de
Transmission

Emissivity

Pouvoir missif

Floor

Plancher

Asphalt

Asphalte

Solar Radiation

Rayonnement
Solaire

Occupancy

Occupation

Frame

Charpeute

Wear

Usure

Burning

Calcination
Consommation

)(

Door

Porte

Bitumen

Bitume ; Poix

Extruded

Spancher

Vapour

Vapeur

Water Vapour

Vapeur d eau

Poire
Bulb

Chne
Oak

Polystryrolne
Polystyrene


Perlite

Perlite

)(

Cooling

Refroidissment

Puncture

Perforation

Cavity

Cavit

Lag

Retard

Time-Lag

Retard

Heating

S'chauffer
Enflammer

Chauffage Central Central Heating

Couler; S'couler Flow
Soil

Sol

Glazing

Glacage Vitrage

Intermittence

Intermittence

Condensation

Condensation

Air-Conditioning

Conditionnemne
t

Tear

Dchirure

Terrazo

Terrazo

Second

Seconde

)(
Lourd

Heavy

)(

Dry

Gypsum

Wall


Rigid

Rigide; Raide
sec
Gypse
Mur

)(

Sand stone

Hard stone

Pierre Dure

Limestone

Pierre a` Chaux
Calcaire

Iron

Fer

Barrier

Barrire

Particle

Particule; Grain

Stone

Pierre
Grs

Cast Iron
Heat

De Fonte; en
Fonte
;Temprature
Chaleur

Chaleur Spcifiaue Specific Heat

Thermal

Thermal

Shelter

Abriter

)(
Slag

Scorifier

Concrete

Bton; Concret

Foam Concrete

Bton-mousse

Wood

Bois

Teak Wood

Bois de Teck

Pine-wood

Bois de Pin

Plywood

Plaque Contreplaque

Mahogany


Light

Beech Wood

Htre
Acajou
Lger

)(

Mastic Asphalt
Mixture

Mastic
D'asphalte
Mlange

)(
Temperature

Temprature

Periodic

Priodique

)(
Firm

Ferme

Marble

Marbre

Spraying

Peinture au
Pistolet

Wet

Humide

Humidity

Humidit

Absolute Humidity

Humidit
Absolute

Humidite Relative Relative Humidity

Foam

Mousse

Aggregate

Agrger

Sand

Sable

Wind

Vent

Prevailing Wind

Vent Rgnant

)(
Glass

Verre

Double Glass

Verre Double

)(

Rideau Thtre
Curtains


Loose

Dli, Dtach

()

Metamorphic Rock

Volcanic Rocks

Capacity

Plafond

Ceiling

paisseur

Thickness

()
Semi Rigide

Semi rigid

Tension

Tension

()
Rock

Laine

Wool

Laine de Verre

Glass Wool

( )
Pressure

()
nergie

Energy

Couche Isolante
Impermable
Brique
Bloc Moule n
Beton

Damp Proof
Courses
Brick, Block
Concrete Block

()
Isolation
Isolement
Organique
Tranche

Capacit

Pression

Surface

Roches
Mtamorphique
Roches
Volcaniques

Surface

Roche; Roc

Insulation

Slab

Organic

)(
lment

Element

)(
Enveloppe

Cover

) (
Mat

Natte

Cork

Bouchon

Steel

Acier

Vermiculite

Vermiculite

)(
Pltrage

Plastering

)(
Density

Densit

Gain

Ganger

Quantity

Quantit

) (
Roll

Rouleau

Board, Sheet

Planche

Panneau de Fibres Fibreboard

Fibre

Fibre

Soft

Mou

)(
Polyvinyl Chloride

Clorure de
Polyvinyl

Homogenous

Homogne

Moisture Content

Teneur en eau

)(

Powder

Emitter

d'metteur

Solid

Solide, Plein

Rubber

Caoutchouc

Putty

Mastic

Rate

Taux

Metal

Mtal

Suspended

Suspendu

Hollow

Creux

Resistance

Rsistance

Resistivity

Rsistivit

Mortar

Mortier

Expanded

Dilat

Conductance

Conductance

Wave

Onde

Conductivity

Conductivit

Area

Aire
Poudre

)(

Window

Fentre

Copper

Cuivre

)
(

Brass

Laiton Cuivre

Dew

Rose

)(

Ratio

Raport; Raison

Fabric

Tissu

Permeability

Parmabilit

Decrement

dcroissement

Specific

Spcifique

)(
Rose

Rose

) (-

)(A

Absorption

Aggregate

Agrger

Air-Conditioning

Conditionnemnet

Area

Aire

)(

Asphalt

Asphalte

Absolute Humidity

Humidit
Absolute
Absorption

)(B
Barrier

Barrire

Beech Wood

Htre

Bitumen

Bitume; Poix

Board, Sheet

Planche

)
(

Brass

Laiton Cuivre

Brick, Block

Brique

Bulb

Poire

Burning

Calcination

) (C

Capacity

Capacit

Cast Iron

De Fonte; en
Fonte

Cavity

Cavit

Plafond

Ceiling

Chauffage Central Central Heating

Bton; Concret

Concrete

Bloc Moule n
Beton

Concrete Block

(C)
Condensation

Condensation

Conductance

Conductance

Conductivit

Conductivity

Consommation

Consumption

Refroidissment

Cooling

Cuivre

Copper

Bouchon

Cork

Enveloppe

Cover

Rideau Thtre

Curtain

Crlindre

Cylinder

Couche Isolante
Impermable

Damp Proof
Courses

dcroissement

Decrement

Densit

Density

Rose

Dew

Porte

Door

Verre Double

Double Glass

sec

Dry

(D)

(E)
lment

Element

Emitter

Energy

nergie

Expanded

Dilat

Emissivity

Pouvoir missif
dmetteur

)(E

Extruded

S'pancher

)(F
Fabric

Tissu

Fibre

Fibre

Panneau de Fibres Fibreboard

Firm

Ferme

Floor

Plancher

Couler; S'couler Flow

Foam

Mousse

Foam Concrete

Bton-mousse

Frame

Charpeute

)(G
Gain

Ganger

Glass

Verre

Glass Wool

Laine de Verre

Glazing

Glacage Vitrage

Gypsum

Gypse

)(H
Hard stone

Pierre Dure

Heat

;Temprature
Chaleur

Heavy

Hollow

Creux

Homogenous

Homogne

Heating

Schauffer
Enflammer
Lourd

)(H

Humidity

Humidit

)(I
Insulation

Isolation
Isolement

Intermittence

Intermittence

Iron

Fer

)(L
Lag

Retard

Light

Lger

Limestone

Pierre a` Chaux
Calcaire

Loose

Dli, Dtach

)(M
Mahogany

Acajou

Marble

Marbre

Mastic Asphalt

Mastic
D'asphalte

Mat

Natte

Metal

Mtal

Metamorphic Rock

Roches
Mtamorphique

Mixture

Mlange

Moisture Content

Teneur en eau

Mortar

Mortier

)(O

Occupancy

Organic

Oak

Chne
Occupation
Organique

)(P

Particle

Particule; Grain

Periodic

Priodique

Perlite

Perlite

Permeability

Parmabilit

Pine-wood

Bois de Pin

Plastering

Pltrage

Plywood

Plaque Contreplaque

Polystyrene

Polystryrolne

Polyvinyl Chloride

Clorure de
Polyvinyl

Powder

Poudre

Pressure

Pression

Prevailing Wind

Vent Rgnant

Puncture

Perforation

Putty

Mastic

)(Q
Quantity

Quantit

)(R

Rate

Taux

Ratio

Raport; Raison

Humidit Relative Relative Humidity

Rigid

Rock

Rsistance

Resistance

Rsistivit

Resistivity

Rigide; Raide
Roche; Roc

(R)
Rouleau

Roll

Rose

Rose

Caoutchouc

Rubber

(S)
Sable

Sand

Grs

Sand stone

Seconde

Second

Semi Rigide

Semi rigid

Abriter

Shelter

Tranche

Slab

Scorifier

Slag

Mou

Soft

Sol

Soil

Rayonnement
Solaire

Solar Radiation

Solide, Plein

Solid

Spcifique

Specific

Chaleur Spcifiaue Specific Heat

Peinture au
Pistolet

Spraying

Acier

Steel

Stone

Pierre

Surface

Surface

Suspended

Suspendu

)(T

Tear

Temperature

Temprature

Tension

Tension

Terrazo

Terrazo

Thermal

Thermal

Thickness

paisseur

Time-Lag

Retard

Transmission

Transmission

Transmittance

Coefficient de
Transmission

Teak Wood

Bois de Teck
Dchirure

)(V
Vapour

Vapeur

Vermiculite

Vermiculite

Volcanic Rocks

Roches
Volcaniques

)(W
Wall

Mur

Water Vapour

Vapeur d' eau

Wave

Onde

Wear

Usure

Wood

Wool

Humide

Wet

Vent

Wind

Fentre

Window

Bois
Laine

" "
.

2.

CODE OF BASIC DATA FOR THE DESIGN OF BUILDING (CP3),

British Standards Institution.

3.

CODE FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN NEW BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION,
National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards, USA.

4.

GUIDE TO CURRENT PRACTICE,

Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers.

5.

CIBS GUIDE,
The Chartered Institution of Building Services, London.

6.

ASHRAE HANDBOOK,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers, 1997.

7.

TURNER W. And MALLOY J.

"Thermal Insulation Handbook "

8.

INSULATION HANDBOOK,
Lomax Wilmoth & Co.

9.

CLIMATIC ATLAS of JORDAN (1971),

Meteorological Department, Jordan.

10.

FAIRWEATHER, L.a. SLIWA J.A.

" AJ Metric Handbook "
The Architectural Press London.

11

ENERGY CONSERVATION,
Institute for Industrial Research and Standards, Ireland.

12

KOENIGSBERGER, O.H. et al,

" Manual of Tropical Housing and Building" ,
Craftsman Book Company.

13

WILLIAMS, K.
" Planning and Building the Minimum Energy Dwelling ",
Craftsman Book Company.

14

BUILDING REGULATION OF DENMARK.

15

ALF DESIGN MANUAL,

Building Research Association of New Zealand.

16.

BUILDING, N.S.
" Building Physics: Heat", Pergamon Press.

. .
.
. .
. .


- British Standards:1142
3837
3927
4841
5617
5803

BS
BS
BS
BS
BS
BS

- American Standards:ASTM C 208

ASTM C 355
ASTM C 516
ASTM C 534
ASTM C 549
ASTM C 552
ASTM C 578
ASTM C 591
ASTM C 612
ASTM C 640
ASTM C 665
ASTM C 726
ASTM C 728
ASTM C 739
ASTM C 764
ASTM D 781
ASTM D 828
ASTM E 96

" "
.
" "
.
" "
.

 ) (SI-Units

mm

cm

km

mg

kg

min

mL

m3

mm2

m2

kN

N/mm2

kN/m2

9.81

9.81

9.81

0.0981

9.81

9.81

0.102

0.102

0.102

10.20

0.102

0.102

:

.

:
.

* :
.
* .
*

: :

: ) . ( /

:
/

: ) (/


:
//

:
:
//
)(

:

:
//
)(

) (

: )*(

:
//
)(

) (
*