Taylor series expansions of common functions

Function

Kowalski

Taylor series: [long hand]

[ notation]

Radius

X
f (n) (c)
(x c)n
n!
n=0

X
1 n
x
n!
n=0

1 3
1
1
1
1 11
x + x5 x7 + x9
x +
3!
5!
7!
9!
11!

X
(1)n 2n+1
x
(2n + 1)!
n=0

1 2
1
1
1
1 10
x + x4 x6 + x8
x +
2!
4!
6!
8!
10!

X
(1)n 2n
x
(2n)!
n=0

f 0 (c)
f 00 (c)
(x c) +
(x c)2 +
1
2!

f (x)

f (c) +

1
1
1
1
1
1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 +
1!
2!
3!
4!
5!

sin(x)

cos(x)

1
1x

xp

1+

ln(x)

1
1
1
1(x 1) (x 1)2 + (x 1)3 (x 1)4 +
2
3
4

X
(1)n+1
(x 1)n
n
n=1

arctan(x)

1
1
1
1
1
x x3 + x5 x7 + x9 x11 +
3
5
7
9
11

X
(1)n 2n+1
x
2n + 1
n=0

1 + x + x + x + x + x + x + x +

xn

n=0

p
p(p 1)
p(p 1)(p 2)
(x 1) +
(x 1)2 +
(x 1)3 + =
1!
2!
3!

* If p is not a positive number. If p is a positive integer, then R = .

X
p(p 1) (p n + 1)
(x 1)n
n!
n=0