: . . , .

, 2009

........................................................................................................................... 5

1 Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)

1.1 ................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 WiFi ............................................................................. 10
1.3 WiFi .................................................................................... 13
1.4 WiFi- 802.11n ............................................................... 15
1.5 WiFi ................................................................................................. 17

2. Bluetooth
2.1 ................................................................................................................ 19
2.2 Bluetooth ..................................................................... 21
2.3 Bluetooth ............................................................................................... 24
2.4 Bluetooth .................................................................................................. 25
2.5 Bluetooth ................................................................................................ 29
3. - (Ultra-Wideband)
......................................................................................................................................... 31
4. WiFi, Bluetooth UWB
4.1 WiFi ................................................................................................ 35
4.2 Bluetooth......................................................................................... 38
4.3 UWB............................................................................................... 41


1.1. WiFi. ............................................................................................ 7
1.2. WiFi internet............................................................................. 8
1.3. access points (Adapters)

.............................................................................................................................................. 10
1.4. Router WiFi 2 . ............................................................................................ 16
2.1. Bluetooth. ..................................................................... 20
2.2. Bluetooth. ................................................................................................... 25
3.1. UWB,
(Narrowband).. .............................................................................................. 32
4.1. WiFi.. ........................................................................... 35
4.2. WiFi OFDM.. ........................................................................ 36
4.3 WiFi OFDM. ..................................................................... 37
4.4. WiFi. ............................................................................ 38
4.5. Bluetooth hopping. .......................................................... 39
4.6. GFSK . ........................ 40
4.7. UWB. ..................................................................................... 41
4.8. . ................................... 42
4.9. UWB. .................................................................................................... 42

2.1. Bluetooth .............................................................................................. 23
2.2. - Bluetooth ....................................................................................... 23

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bps.

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WiFi
,
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.
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 1
Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)

1.1

WiFi (Wireless Fidelity, High Fidelity

)
IEEE. WiFi (
)
.
internet, (voip)
,
k, DVD players (. 1.1).

1.1. WiFi.

 1.2. WiFi internet.

H WiFi 1997

2.4 GHz, .
(Frequency
Hopping-FHSS) 1 Mbps,
(Direct SequenceDSSS) 1-2 Mbps.
. (Spread Spectrum)
( )

,
,
.
:

Direct Sequence: (DSSS)

Frequency Hopping:
(FHSS)

(Infrared-IR).
802.11
, ,
.
1999 802.11b 11 Mbps
DSSS. 1-2 Mbps DSSS ,

. WiFi
802.11
.

(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-OFDM),
802.11b 54
Mbps: 802.11a 5GHz
802.11b,
802.11g 2.4GHz
802.11b. 802.11b
802.11g , 802.11b.
WiFi 2000
Internet:
WiFi, ..
PDA,
Internet,
(Access Point).
hotspot. hotspot

 ,
.

1.3. access points (Adapters)

.

WiFi
,
, , Internet.
(..
, , ).

1.2

WiFi

WiFi
, .
10

 laptop PDA
.

WiFi
, .
, IEEE 802.11b / g (2,4 GHz), WiFi
, (eirp)
100 mW.

, 100 mW.
WiFi 30 50 mW,
.

WiFi,
.
.

.

WiFi. WiFi
(RF Radio Frequency).

(access point),
.

() .
,
, .

11


( WiFi)
.

(hotspot).
.
,

. 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g 802.11n,
,
. ,
802.11
IEEE 1997, 1-2
Mbps, .
, WiFi.
802.11a, 5GHz
54Mbps.

, ,
,
. ,

. , 802.11a
20bps.

802.11b, 2,4GHz,
11Mbps.
1 2,
12

5.5Mbps.
802.11b . ,
30 ,
11Mbps,
( 1Mbps
90 ). 802.11b
7,1Mbps.
(2003)
802.11 802.11g,
. 2.4GHz,

20Mbps 54bps. 802.11b 802.11g
, RF,

, (DECT).
802.11b 802.11g
,
802.11a.

(a/b/g),
.

1.3

WiFi
WiFi

router

modem WiFi.
To router
modem .
13

 200-300 ,
.
,
30-50 .

.
WiFi ,

. , Intel
WiFi ,
100 ,
Internet. 320
router (640 ), ,
Intel Rural Connectivity Platform (RCP)
Internet .
(5-6 watt)
panel .
WiFi
.
.
.
WiFi
.

router.
router modem
. router.
. 4
,

14

1.4

WiFi 802.11n
802.11n

(WLAN Wireless LAN),

. ,
802.11n 100
140Mbps, 600Mbps.
802.11n 2009,

Pre-N) (draft)
.

. 802.11n
( )
802.11g.

,
.
"" ,
"" 11Mbps ( 802.11b) 54Mbps (
8021.11g a)
.
802.11n

.
b g (
2,4GHz 5GHz)

15




. ,
,

, .
802.11n ,

. , ,
.

(2-4)
. MIMO (Multiple In
Multiple Out) ,

.

1.4. Router WiFi 2 .

MIMO ( mee-moh),
.
16

 . MIMO
,

.
( bits
Hertz bandwidth)
.
.

1.4

WiFi

,
.
.
. ,
,
.

.
, WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy).
WEP
.

. 1997, WEP
.
2001,
WEP
17

 . IEEE 802.11i
.
2003, WEP
WiFi Protected Access (WPA) , WEP
. WEP
,
, .
WEP WPA. WPA

Wired
Equivalent

Privacy

[WEP].

WPA,

WPA2
WiFi
.

. WiFi

.
, ,
.

18

 2
Bluetooth

2.1

Bluetooth

(Wireless Personal rea etworks, WPAN).

,
.
Bluetooth ,
PDA, , ,
, ,
, ,
.
1990 WPAN,
/ . Ericsson


ad hoc .
IEEE 802.15 WPAN.

.
802.15
.

19

 2.1. Bluetooth.

Bluetooth
,
, ,
, , , , , ..
Bluetooth ,
, , ,
Internet .. .
:

,
.

, , ,
.

(, mp3 )
PDA.

Smartphone.
20

GPS NMEA (National Marine

Electronics Association) Bluetooth.

: Bluetooth

.

, .

,
Bluetooth .

2.2

Bluetooth
Bluetooth

,
. Bluetooth
2,4 GHz,

.
, Bluetooth
Frequency Hopping (
1600 ).
Bluetooth 2.4 GHz,
(
10 PAN),
FHSS ,
Master.
21

 Bluetooth
(point to point), 7
.
Bluetooth Special Interest Group,
1.1,

. Bluetooth ,
2,4 GHz,

IEEE 802.11,
.
Bluetooth
MAC,
. Bluetooth SIG

(.. , LAN,
, , ).

. 13
2.1.
Bluetooth
, ( : 1 , 10
, 100 ) . Bluetooth
.
,
. 2.2 .

22

 2.1. Bluetooth.

LAN













PDA

LAN

2.1. Bluetooth.

1mW(0 dBm)
2,5mW(4 dBm)

~1m
~10m

100mW(20 dBm) ~100m

23

2.3

Bluetooth
Bluetooth

.
Bluetooth Bluetooth (
, ).

Bluetooth, Bluetooth.
, IrDA,
, Bluetooth

Bluetooth (. 2.2)
(piconet),
(master) (slaves)
10 .
() ,
.
(scatternet).

, 255 (parked)
.
,
. ,

. ,
(hold) (sniff).

24

 2.2. Bluetooth.

2.4

Bluetooth
Bluetooth

.
Bluetooth 1.0 Bluetooth 1.0b. 1.0 1.0b
,

. 1.0 1.0b
,

Bluetooth.
Bluetooth 1.1.
802.15.1-2002.. 1.0-1.0b
25

. .
Bluetooth 1,2 ( 802.15.1-2005)
1.1
:

Adaptive -hopping (AFH),
,
hopping .
, 721 kbit / s,
1.1.
,

Host Controller Interface (HCI) -wire UART.
.
Bluetooth 2.0. Bluetooth
10 2004.
1.2. Data Rate
(EDR) . EDR
3 megabits ,
2,1 megabits .

. :
- 10 (2,1 Mbit / s),
.

.
.

26

 Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) ,

"Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR". EDR .
EDR, 2,0,
"Bluetooth
2.0"
Bluetooth 2.1 ,
Bluetooth SIG 26 2007.
:
:

.
,

.
,
.
.
.
Near Field Communication (NFC) :
Bluetooth NFC interface .
, Bluetooth 2,1
( ).
.
3,0 Bluetooth SIG 21 , 2009.
AMP ( MAC / PHY),
802,11 .
AMP: 802,11 UWB(Ultra-wideband), UWB
.
Wi Fi.
27

, PDAs,
(Infrared IrDA).

, :.
.
115.200 bits
.

.
Bluetooth
.
10 .
1 Mbit
(Bluetooth 1.x)
2 .
.
...
Bluetooth WiFi.
Bluetooth Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b)
2,4 Ghz.
Bluetooth

, 10 . ,
Wi-Fi , LAN
. Bluetooth Wi-Fi
,
PDAs, , , , ...
Ethernet
28

. ,
, .

Bluetooth 720 kbps

. ,
Bluetooth .
Bluetooth
.
.

2.4

Bluetooth
WiFi Bluetooth

.

Bluetooth, A.L. Digital.

, hacker
'
, , ,
Internet !
: Snarf:
Bluetooth
,
( , , ).
"" Bluetooth,
"" .
29

Backdoor: (pairing)
, (trusted)
! ,
- Internet GPRS-
.
Bluejacking: bluejacking,
,
,
.
H A.L. Digital

,
""
.
bluetooth
, (pairing)
.
Bluetooth.

30

 3
Ultra-Wideband (UWB)

Ultra Wideband (UWB)

, .
UWB ,
UWB 25% . ,
2 GHz,
500 MHz UWB 4
GHz 1 GHz.
UWB 1
.
Wi-Fi Bluetooth
,
. ,

15 Gigabit/sec. ,
UWB (Ultra-WideBand) 10,3 GHz,

.

31

 3.1. UWB,
(Narrowband).

UWB Bluetooth.
To UWB, USB 2.0,
Mbit/s(400-500). H
, Intel,
Motorola .
(chipsets), UWB.
UWB
.

,
(. , , , ),
(WPANs - Wireless Personal Area Networks)

32

 USB
. USB
.
usb ,
.
5
.

.
,
, , mp3 player
usb .
UWB 2 Wi-Fi 200
, Bluetooth.
. 10
. Wi-Fi
, usb
, UWB ,
.
UWB
LAN
. , Power Spectral Density
(PSD) -41.3 dBm 3.1-10.6 GHz,
unlicensed ISM
(2.4GHz), . ,
U-NII (5.725-5.825GHz),
.
,
1.5GHz,
33

 10m 100Mbps,
video DVD (27Mbps).

34

 4
WiFi, Bluetooth UWB

( ).
VisSim Com 6.0
4.1

WiFi

4.1

4.1. WiFi.

35

 OFDM ,
( Eb/No,bitrate ) .
(Error Probability , Bit Errors , Total Bits)

4.2:

4.2. WiFi OFDM.

25MHz
10z.
.

36

 (DBPSK) OFDM
4.3.

4.3. WiFi OFDM.

.

2.4GHz 5GHz WiFi

37

4.2

Bluetooth

4.1

4.4. WiFi.

hopping . hopping 4.5,
hopping 4.6.

38

 4.5. Bluetooth hopping.

4.6. Bluetooth hopping.

;

39

 Bluetooth GFSK (. 4.7) :

4.6. GFSK .

40

4.3

UWB
4.7. O

UWB
4.7,
.
4.8.

4.7. UWB.

41

 4.8. .

4.9. UWB.

42