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Integration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Integration By Parts
udv = uv vdu
Formula
I. Guidelines for Selecting u and dv: (There are always exceptions, but these are generally helpful.) L-I-A-T-E Choose u to be the function that comes first in this list: L: Logrithmic Function I: Inverse Trig Function A: Algebraic Function T: Trig Function E: Exponential Function Example A: x 3 ln x dx *Since lnx is a logarithmic function and x 3 is an algebraic function, let:
u = lnx dv = x dx du =
3
1 dx x
3
x4 v = x dx = 4
ln xdx = uv vdu
= (ln x) = (ln x) = x4 4 x4 1 4 x dx
x4 1 3 x dx 4 4
x4 1 x4 + C (ln x) 4 4 4
x4 x4 = (ln x) + C 4 16
ANSWER
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sin x
sin x
ln(cos x) dx = uv
vdu
sin x dx cos x
= (ln(cos x))( cos x) ( cos x)( tan x)dx = cos x ln(cos x) (cos x)
ANSWER
dx
v = 1dx = x
sin
x dx = uv
vdu x
1 1 x2
= (sin 1 x)( x)
dx
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II. Alternative General Guidelines for Choosing u and dv: A. Let dv be the most complicated portion of the integrand that can be easily integrated. B. Let u be that portion of the integrand whose derivative du is a simpler function than u itself. Example:
4 x 2 dx
*Since both of these are algebraic functions, the LIATE Rule of Thumb is not helpful. Applying Part (A) of the alternative guidelines above, we see that x 4 x 2 is the most complicated part of the integrand that can easily be integrated. Therefore:
dv = x 4 x 2 dx u = x 2 (remaining factor in integrand)
du = 2 x dx v=
1 (2 x)(4 x 2 )1 / 2 dx 2 1 1 2 = (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 = (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 3 2 3
4 x 2 dx =
4 x 3 dx = uv vdu 1 1 = ( x 2 ) (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (2 x) dx 3 3
x2 1 (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (2 x) dx 3 3
x2 1 2 = (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (4 x 2 ) 5 / 2 + C 3 3 5 = x2 2 (4 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (4 x 2 ) 5 / 2 + C 3 15
Answer
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III. Using repeated Applications of Integration by Parts: Sometimes integration by parts must be repeated to obtain an answer.
Example:
sin x dx
cos x x
2 x dx
cos x dx
u = x (Algebraic function) (Making same choices for u and dv) dv = cos x (Trig function) du = dx
v = cos x dx = sin x
sin x dx = x 2 cos x + 2 [uv vdu ] = x 2 cos x + 2 [ x sin x sin x dx] = x 2 cos x + 2 [ x sin x + cos x + c] = x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2 cos x + c
Answer
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Note:
After each application of integration by parts, watch for the appearance of a constant multiple of the original integral.
Example:
cos x dx
u = cos x (Trig function)
e e
Note appearance of original integral on right side of equation. Move to left side and solve for integral as follows:
cos x dx =
1 x (e cos x + e x sin x) + C 2
Answer
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Practice Problems:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
3x
e x dx
ln x dx x2
2
x x
cos
x dx
2
(ln x) x e x
3
dx
9 x 2 dx sin x dx
2x
x 1 dx
1 dx
x(ln x)
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Solutions: 1.
3xe x 3e x + C
u = 3x
dv = e x dx
2.
ln x 1 +C x x
u = ln x
dv =
3.
1 dx x2
u = x2
dv = cos x dx
4.
x cos 2 x sin 2 x + +C 4 8
note:
dv = sin 2 x cos x dx
5.
x cos 1 x
1 x2 + C
u = cos 1 x
dv = dx
6.
x(ln x) 2 2 x ln x + 2 x + C
u = (ln x) 2
dv = dx
7.
x2 2 (9 x 2 ) 3 / 2 (9 x 2 ) 5 / 2 + C 3 15
u = x2 dv = (4 x 2 )1 / 2 x dx
8.
2e 2 x sin x e 2 x cos x +C 5 5
u = sin x
dv = e 2 x dx
9.
2 x 2 ( x 1) 3 / 2 8 x( x 1) 5 / 2 16( x 1) 7 / 2 + +C 3 15 105
1 +C 2(ln x) 2
u = x2 dv = ( x 1)1 / 2 dx
10.
u=
1 = (ln x) 3 3 (ln x) 1 dx x
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dv =
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