TP CH KHOA HC, i hc Hu, S 55, 2009

NGHIN CU QU TRNH SY THC BNG THIT B SY NNG LNG

MT TRI KIU I LU T NHIN
Minh C ng, Phan Ha
i h c Nng Lm, i h c Hu

ng

Tr

TM TT
Thi t b s y n ng l ng m t tr i ki u i l u t nhin dng
s y thc c k t c u n
gi n, d s d ng v gi thnh th p, ph h p v i quy m h nng dn, c th s d ng v t li u c
a ph ng ch t o. Khi s d ng thi t b ny, th i gian s y rt ng n nhi u so v i ph i
s n
n ng t nhin khi trong cng m t i u ki n nh nhau, m b o s l ng v ch t l ng c a thc
c m a m.
s y, khng b cc cn trng v chim chu t thm nh p ph ho i, phng ng a
c s d ng s y m t s s n ph m nng nghi p khc.
Thi t b ny c ng c th

1. t vn
Trong khu phi sy thc, nng dn thng s dng dng hong phi t nhin
trc tip di nh nng mt tri. l phng php n gin vi chi ph thp nht,
nhng c nhiu hn ch nh: thc kh khng u, c th nhim bn do t ct hoc b
cc loi chim, chut ph hoi v khng ch ng bi thi tit tht thng.

Vic nghin cu ng dng nng lng mt tri (NLMT) gia nhit cho thit b
sy thc nhm nng cao hiu sut s dng bc x mt tri, bo m nng sut v cht
lng qu trnh sy l mt hng i ph hp vi iu kin thc t v l vn cp thit
hin nay. V vy, chng ti tin hnh thc hin ti: Nghin cu qu trnh sy thc
bng thit b sy NLMT kiu i lu t nhin, nhm:
- Xc nh mu thit b sy thc s dng NLMT ph hp vi c im nng h
trn a bn tnh Tha Thin Hu.

- Xc nh trng thi ca qu trnh sy ht nng sn bng thit b sy s dng

NLMT kiu i lu t nhin, lm c s thit k, ch to cc thit b sy NLMT.
2. Phng php nghin cu
- Phng php thu thp thng tin thng qua cc ti liu xut bn v internet.
- Phng php o s liu bng cc dng c chuyn dng.

- Phng php x l s liu bng ton xc xut thng k nh phn mm Excel,

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Cropwat 4.0.
- Phng php tnh ton l thuyt bng ton gii tch.
- Phng php thc nghim sy la trn m hnh th nghim.
3. Ni dung v kt qu nghin cu
3.1. La chn nguyn l lm vic ca thit b

Thit b sy bng NLMT c thc hin theo hai phng php: Thit b sy trc
tip v thit b sy gin tip.

Thit b sy trc tip c tun hon kh t nhin. Thc c tri thnh mt lp

mng trong mt phng kn hp th vi pha trn c che ph bng mt tm trong sut.
Thc c gia nhit v nng ln, m c bc hi v thot ra ngoi. Phng php ny
n gin, khng s tri ma v thc khng b nhim bn. Nhng n c nhc im:
Qu trnh sy chm, mt nhiu thi gian, ch sy c lp thc mng nn nng sut thp.
Thit b sy gin tip c dn nhit cng bc. Thc c t ti cc sng sy,
kh nng c ly t b thu nhit NLMT thi xuyn qua cc v sy v lp thc lm cho
thc kh dn. Phng php ny c u im: Do hiu sut ca b hp th cao hn nn
nhit sy cao hn, qu trnh sy u hn do khng kh nng i t di ln. Nhng n
c nhc im: din tch chim ch ca thit b ln, qu trnh sy cn ph thuc vo
ngun nng lng bn ngoi chy qut, gi thnh thit b cao hn.

Xut pht t nhng u, nhc im ca hai phng php trn, chng ti chn
nguyn l sy hn hp kiu i lu t nhin
3.2. Tnh ton l thuyt m hnh thit b
T cng thc tnh hiu sut ca collector: C =
Trong :

v..CP.t
AC.En

v Th tch kh thi qua collector trong mt thi gian, m3/s

T trng ca khng kh, kg/m3
CP Nhit dung ring ca khng kh, KJ/kgoK

t Nhit nng ln ca khng kh sau khi i qua Collector, oC

En Cng ca bc x mt tri, W/m2

AC Din tch ca collector , AC =

v..CP.t
C.En

, m2

m (W1 W2)
* Lng m cn tch khi ht tnh theo cng thc: mW = (100 W ) , kg m
2

Trong :

m Khi lng thc ti cn sy, m = 200 kg

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W1 m ca thc ti, W1 = 27%

W2 m ca thc kh thnh phm, W2 =13%

=> mW =

200 x (27 13)

= 32,18 (kg)
(100 13)

* Lng m cn tch trong 1 gi: g = mW /t , kg/h

Trong : t Thi gian sy: t =

(W2- W1)
(h);

Vi Tc sy (%/h), i vi sy i lu t nhin, chn = 0,9%/h

t=

(27 - 13)
= 15,6 (h) ; Ta chn thi gian sy: t = 16 h.
0.9

=> g = mW /t = 32,18 / 16 = 2,01 (kg m /h)

* Tnh ton cn bng nhit - m qu trnh sy:

+ Trng thi khng kh trc collector:

Vi t1 = 300C; 1 = 80%; tra ph lc [3] c ps1 = 0,04142 bar

cha m ca khng kh t nhin:

d1 = 0,622.

1Ps1
0.8x0.04241
= 0,622 .
= 0,022 (kg/kgKK)
1-0.8x0.04241
P- 1Ps1

Entanpi ca khng kh t nhin l :

Trong :

I1 = Cpk. t1 +d1 (r+Cph.t1), kJ/kgKK

Cpk 1kJ/kgKK

Nhit dung ring ca khng kh kh;

Cph 1,93kJ/kgKK Nhit dung ring ca hi nc;

r 2500 kJ/kg

Nhit n ha hi ca nc.

=> I1 = 1. 30 + 0,022 (2500 +1,93. 30) = 86,3 (kJ/kgKK)

+ Trng thi khng kh cui collector:
Chn t2 = 700C; tra ph lc [3] c ps2 = 0,3117 bar
Xem h thng l kn, c d1 = d2 nn I2 = Cpk.t2 +d2 (r+ Cph.t2)
I2 = 1.70 +0,022 (2500 +1,93. 70) = 127,97 (kJ/kgKK)
d2P
0.022x1
Tnh 2 = (0,622+d
)Ps2 .100% = (0.622+0.022)x0.3117 .100% = 11 (%)
2
+ Trng thi khng kh cui qu trnh sy:

Trng thi ny xc nh bi I3 = I2, chn t3 = 380C, => Ps3 = 0,06674 bar

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I3- t3
127.97- 38
=> d3 = 2500+1.93t =
= 0,035 (kg/kgKK)
2500+1.93x38
3
d3P
0.035x1
3 = (0.622+d )P 100% = (0.622+0.035)x0.06674 . 100% = 80%
3 s3
+ Tiu hao khng kh l thuyt:
l0 =

1
1
=
= 76 (kgKK/kg m)
d3-d1
0.035-0.022

Nu xem h thng l kn th lng khng kh kh cn thit sy 200 kg thc t

m 27% n m 13% l:
mL = mW. l0 = 32,18 . 76 = 2445,7 (kgKK)

Tra ph lc [3], ta tnh c tng th tch khng kh m qua collector l:

V = mL .v0 = 2445,7 . 0,951 = 2325,9 (m3)

=> Th tch khng kh i qua collector trong mt giy l:

v = 2325,9/ 16. 3600 = 0,0404 (m3/s)

T trng ca khng kh c tnh nh sau:

99333
99333
=
= 1,224 (kg/m3)
(287+462xd1)x(273+t1)
(287+462x0,022)x(273+30)

* Vi cc s liu tnh c, ta c: v = 0,0404 m3/s; = 1,224 kg/m3; CP = 1,005

KJ/kgKK; t (kk)= 40 oC; En, = 900 W/m2; chn C = 0,30. Vy din tch ca
collector:
AC =

v..CP.t 0.0404x1.224x1.005x1000x40
=
= 7,36 (m2)
0.30x900
C.En

Do chn m hnh th nghim theo nguyn l sy hn hp i lu t nhin, nn ly

din tch ca Collector 1 (sy gin tip): S1 = 3,4m2; din tch ca Collector 2 (bung sy
trc tip): S2 = 4m2
* Din tch sn sy: S = m/ . a , m2

Trong : T trng ca thc, = 530 kg/m3;

a B dy lp thc sy, chn a = 0,08 m.

=> S = 200/530 . 0,08 = 3,8 (m2). Ta chn din tch sn sy l 4 m2.

3.3 Ch to m hnh thit b sy thc s dng NLMT, nng sut 200 kg/m
Hnh nh m hnh thit b sy kho nghim c th hin hnh 1:

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4
3

2
1
5

Hnh 1. Hnh nh c a m hnh kh o nghi m s y thc 200 kg/m .

1. Tn m k m s n en; 2. T m knh trong su t; 3. G t p dy 3 mm;
4. T m ph trong su t; 5. Khung s t V.

3.4. Kho nghim

Sau khi ch to m hnh, chng ti tin hnh kho nghim vi sn phm sy

l thc ti (ging XL). B dy lp thc sy l 10 cm; din tch sy l 4 m2; m
khng kh t nhin 80%; nhit cao nht trong ngy l 370C, tri nng khng ma.
W,%

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Ngy s y th nh t

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24
p trn
p gi a
pd
i
Bnh

L
L
L
T

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Ngy s y th hai

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ng cong gi m m c a cc l p h t.

Hnh 2.

8h00

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T, h

Qua 02 ngy sy ti sn ca khoa C kh - Cng ngh, trng i hc Nng

Lm Hu, kt qu kho nghim c th hin cc th sau:
- ng cong gim m ca cc lp sy theo thi gian ca cc lp sy (hnh 2)

Kt qu kho nghim cho thy, qu trnh gim m ca cc lp ht cng tun theo

quy lut. y l phng php sy c (thi gian khong 16 gi) nhm to cho m
bn trong khi ht c thot ra ngoi. Sau ngy sy th nht, c s sai khc v
m ca cc lp ht. Kt thc qu trnh sy, m gia cc lp ht chnh lch khng
ng k.
t,oC

L p trn

Ngy s y th nh t

Ngy s y th hai

L p gi a
L pd
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T, h

c a cc l p h t theo th i gian.

9h00

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th bi u th bi n thin nhi t

Hnh 3.

8h00

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44
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40
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Qua cc th hnh 3 ta thy, quy lut bin thin nhit ca cc lp ht trong

qu trnh sy s dng NLMT c sai khc so vi quy lut bin thin nhit cc lp ht
trong s dng cc loi phng php sy khc. Khi kho nghim vi my sy s dng
NLMT kiu i lu t nhin ta thy: Giai on gia nhit, nhit khi ht tng nhanh;
giai on tc sy khng i, nhit sy tng chm v c quan h phi tuyn vi thi
gian do cng bc x mt tri bin thin theo thi gian trong ngy. S sai khc nhit
gia cc lp trong ngy rt r rt. Chnh lch nhit ca khi ht so vi khng kh
t nhin ti a n 100C.
Qua qu trnh kho nghim trn m hnh thit b sy thc s dng NLMT, ta
thy: Vi h thng sy hn hp i lu t nhin c th sy c cc loi ht nng sn
cn nhit thp, thi gian sy di (sy c ). H thng c th nng nhit khi ht
ln n 45 - 540C. Qu trnh sy c th khng cn o trn vi dy nht nh, do vy,
gim c nhn cng.
S dng thit b cng tng nhanh tc sy (16 gi) so vi phi t nhin
(trn 24 gi) vi cng mt din tch chim ch, gim tn tht trong phi sy (khng b
su b, chim chut ph hoi hay bi bn), trnh c ma, khng ch c nhit nn
gim c t l rn nt ngm ca ht, cht lng sy ng u hn nn tng c cht
lng sn phm.
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Nhc im ca thit b: Trong qu trnh sy, nhit sy bin thin theo thi
gian trong ngy v qu trnh s dng ph thuc nhiu vo thi tit.
4. Kt lun

Sau khi tnh ton, la chn c nguyn l v ch to thit b sy thc hn

hp kiu i lu t nhin vi nng sut 200 kg/m. Kt qu kho nghim, cho thy thit
b sy NLMT c th gim c nhn cng phc v, gim c tn tht trong qu trnh
sy so vi phi nng t nhin, c bit l tng c tc sy (gp 1,5 n 2 ln so vi
sy t nhin vi b dy lp sy nh nhau). Kt cu thit b sy n gin, d ch to, vt
liu sn c a phng. C th vn dng thit b ny sy cc loi ht nng sn khc.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Cao V n Hng, Nguy n H u D ng, S y v b o qu n thc, ng gi ng trong gia nh,
Nh xu t b n Nng nghi p, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 2001.

2. Tr n V n Ph, Tnh ton v thi t k h th ng s y, Nh xu t b n Gio d c, 2001.

3. Tr n V n Ph, Gio trnh k thu t nhi t, Nh xu t b n Gio d c, 2003.

ng m t tr i, Nh xu t b n Xy d ng,

ng m t tr i l thuy t v ng d ng, Nh xu t b n Khoa

ng th c v nng nghi p th

ng m t tr i, T ch c l

6. Lm kh nng s n b ng n ng l
gi i.

5. Nguy n Cng Vn, N ng l

h c k thu t, H N i, 2002

4. Nguy n Duy Thi n, K thu t s d ng N ng l

H N i, 2001.

7. Taylor and Francis Group, Handbook Dryer, LLC, 2006.

8. Solar dryers - their role in post harvest processing, Commonwealth science council.

RESEARCH ON PROCESS OF PADDY DRYING BY SOLAR ENERGY

EQUIPMENT WITH NATURAL CONVECTION TYPE
Do Minh Cuong, Phan Hoa
College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University

SUMMARY
The proposed drying equipment using solar energy was designed and constructed
simply with low accuracy and low cost. Material used to prepare this equipment is locally
available and this can be easily made by farmers. This equipment can shorten the drying time
by half comparing with natural sunlight drying under the same condition ensuring the quantity
and quality of the drying paddy so that humid air may be prevented. It also can be used for
drying some other agricultural products.
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