Chng 1: C S L THUYT

1.1. Khi nim ngun 1 chiu Ngun mt chiu c nhim v cung cp nng lng mt chiu cho cc mch v cc thit b in t hot ng! Nng lng mt chiu c"# n t$ng %ut c l& t' ngun (o#& chiu c"# l)i in th*ng %u# mt %u t+,nh bin $i c th-c hin t+ong ngun mt chiu! ./u c0u 1i v)i loi ngun n& l in p +# 2t ph thuc vo in p mng3 c"# ti v nhit ! 45 t c &/u c0u c0n ph6i 78ng cc mch $n nh 9$n p3 $n 7:ng;! <c mch cp ngun c$ i5n th=ng 78ng bin p3 n/n >2ch th)c v t+?ng lng c"# n >h l)n! Ng& n#& ng=i t# c (u h)ng 78ng cc mch cp ngun >h*ng c bin p! @+ong cc mch in t c"# cc thit b nh A#7io B<#CCDttD3 7ng ngun mt Emlp&3 @i vi m0u3 40u F<G v vH chIng C

chiu G< J cc mKc in p >hc nh#u3 nhng J ngoi LMc cMm c"# cc thit b n& li cMm t+-c tip vo ngun in N< OOPF QPRL3 nh vS& cc thit b in t c0n c mt b phSn 5 chu&5n $i t' ngun (o#& chiu +# in p mt chiu 3 cung cp cho cc mch t+/n3 b phSn chu&5n $i b#o gm T

Uin p ngun T R th t' OOPF (u1ng cc in p thp hVn nh WF3 XF3 YOF3 OZF v v H [ch ch\nh lu T 4$i in N< thnh G<! [ch l?c ]?c gn (o#& chiu C#u ch\nh lu cho ngun G< ph^ng hVn!

[ch $n p T _i` mt in p c1 nh cung cp cho t6i ti/u th

S tng qut ca mch cp ngun.

1.2. Bi n ! ngun "# ch$nh %u 1.2.1. Bi n ! ngun Uin p ngun lm nhim v bin $i in p (o#& chiu c"# mng in thnh in p (o#& chiu c t+ C1 c0n thit 1i v)i mch ch\nh lu v ngn cch mch ch\nh lu v)i mng in (o#& chiu v mt chiu!

Hnh 1.1. Bin p ngun 2

1.2.2. Ch$nh %u <c ph0n t tu&n Folt b NmpD >h*ng 1i (Kng C#o cho 7:ng in i %u# n ch\ i %u# n ch\ i %u# mt chiu! Ng=i t# th=ng 78ng ch\nh lu cilic3 5 c c*ng Cut nhd hoac t+ung b,nh ceng c th5 78ng ch\nh lu cDlDn! 45 c c*ng Cut +# l)n 9fYPPg; v c th5 iu ch\nh in p +# t8& h3 ng=i t# 78ng @h&+iCto+ 5 ch\nh lu! <c CV ch\nh lu th=ng gap l ch\nh lu n # chu >i3 CV ch\nh lu h#i n # chu >i3 CV ch\nh lu c0u m t+ong CV ch\nh lu c0u c nhiu u i5m hVn c6! &'ch ch$nh %u (n chu )* [ch ch\nh lu bn chu >i C 7ng mt Gio7D mMc n1i tip v)i t6i ti/u th3 J chu >i 7Vng jf Gio7D c phkn c-c thuSn 7o c 7:ng in i %u# 7io7D v i %u# t6i3 J chu >i km 3 Gio7D b phkn c-c ngc 7o >h*ng c 7:ng %u# t6i! t2ch c-c 78ng 5 ch\nh lu l cc ph0n t c ac

Hinh1.2 Dng in p u a ca mch ch!nh "#u $n chu %&.

&'ch ch$nh %u c+ chu )* [ch ch\nh lu c6 chu >i th=ng 78ng Z Gio7D mMc thDo h,nh c0u 9c:n g?i l mch ch\nh lu c0u; nh h,nh 7)i!

Hinh1.'()ch ch!nh "#u c* chu %& .

l chu >i 7Vng 9 0u 7k& ph2# t+/n 7Vng3 ph2# 7)i km; 7:ng in i %u# 7io7D GY jf %u# At6i jf %u# 7io7D GZ v 0u 7k& km l chu >i km3 in p t+/n cun thK cp 6o chiu 9 0u 7k& J t+/n km3 J 7)i 7Vng; 7:ng in i %u# GO jf %u# At6i jf %u# Gm v 0u 7k& km! Nh vS& c6 h#i chu >i u c 7:ng in ch& %u# t6i!

&'ch ch$nh %u nh,n 2 .

Hinh1.+( S mch ngun ch!nh "#u nh,n 2

45 t+J thnh mch ch\nh lu nhkn O t# ph6i 78ng h#i t ho c8ng t+ C1 mMc n1i tip3 C#u u Y 0u c"# in p (o#u chiu vo i5m gi`# h#i t jf t# Cn thu c in p tng gp O l0n! l mch t+/n3 >hi c*ng tMc o mJ3 mch t+J v 7ng ch\nh lu th*ng th=ng !

ohi c*ng tMc o ng3 mch t+J thnh mch ch\nh lu nhkn O3 v >t %u6 l t# thu c in p +# tng gp O l0n 1.-. L.c cc /h#nh !h0n 1234 chiu c53 67ng 8in 93 /+i @+ong cc mch ch\nh lu ni t+/n in p h#& 7:ng in +# t6i tu& c c-c t2nh >h*ng $i3 nhng cc gi t+ c"# chIng th#& $i thDo th=i gi#n mt cch chu >i3 g?i l C- Sp mch 9gn Cng; c"# in p h#& 7:ng in C#u ch\nh lu! [t cch t$ng %ut >hi t6i thu0n t+J3 7:ng in t$ng hp +# t6i lT

it = I P + An Cin n t + Bn coC n t 9N;

n =Y n =Y

@+ong I P l thnh ph0n mt chiu v

An Cin n t + Bn coC n t l t$ng cc Cng hi (o#& chiu c gi

n =Y n =Y

t+3 ph# v t0n C1 >hc nh#u ph thuc v loi mch ch\nh lu! Fn at +# l ph6i l?c cc thnh ph0n Cng hi n& 5 cho it 2t Sp mch3 v, cc Cng hi gk& C- ti/u th nng lng v* 2ch v gk& C- nhipu lon cho C- lm vic c"# t6i! @+ong mch ch\nh lu h#i n # chu >i thnh ph0n mt chiu
I P tng gp *i Co v)i mch ch\nh lu n # chu >i3 thnh ph0n

Cng hi cV b6n 9njY; b t+it ti/u3 ch\ c:n cc Cng hi bSc t' n j O t+J l/n! F, vS& mch ch\nh lu h#i n # chu >i q c tc 7ng l?c b)t Cng hi! Ng=i t# nh nghr# h C1 Sp mch o s c"# b l?cT Ui/n Cng hi l)n nht c"# it 9h#& ut; Kp _i t+ t+ung b,nh c"# it 9h#& ut; == ++ o s cng nhd th, cht lng c"# b l?c cng c#o! += Ng=i t# q t2nh ton +tng >hi ch\nh lu n # chu >i o s j == Y3Qu3 >hi ch\nh lu h#i n # chu >, o s j P3WWv! 45 th-c hin nhim v l?c ni t+/n3 cc b l?c C#u k& th=ng c 78ng 1.-.1. L.c (:ng /; 8in

@+=ng hp n& q c n/u +# t+ong t+=ng hp t6i in 7ung c"# mch ch\nh lu! Nh= c t n1i Cong Cong v)i t6i3 in p +# t6i 2t nhp nh* hVn!

<

At

w+

Hnh 1.-. ./c $0ng t1 in Go C- phng v np t %u# cc YxO chu >i v 7o cc Cng hi c +n %u# mch < (u1ng i5m chung3 7:ng in +# t6i ch\ c:n thnh ph0n mt chiu v mt lng nhd Cng hi bSc thp! Fic t2nh ton h C1 Sp mch c"# b l?c 7yn t)i >t %u6T
KP = O CRt

Nghr# l tc 7ng l?c cng +z +t >hi < v A t cng l)n 9A t ti/u th 7:ng in nhd;! F)i b ch\nh lu 7:ng in c*ng nghip 9t0n C1 QPRL h#& WPRL;3 gi t+ c"# t < th=ng c gi t+ t' vi
F n vi ngh,n F 9t h#;!

1.-.2. L.c (:ng cu<n c+m L [ch l?c btng cun c6m ] c bi5u 7ipn nh C#uT

] At w+

Hnh 1.2. ./c $0ng cu3n c*m <un c6m ] c mMc n1i tip v)i t6i A t n/n >hi 7:ng in i t +# t6i bin thi/n Sp mch3 t+ong cun ] Cn (ut hin CKc in ng t- c6m ch1ng li! Go lm gi6m cc Cng hi 9nht l cc Cng hi bSc c#o;! F mat in >hng3 cc Cng hi bc n c t0n C1 cng c#o Cn b cun c6m ] chan cng nhiu! Go 7:ng in +# t6i ch\ c thnh ph0n mt chiu I P v mt lng nhd Cng hi! 4 ch2nh l tc 7ng l?c c"# cun ]! R C1 Sp mch c"# b l?c 78ng cun ] lT
KP = Rt mL

Nghr# l tc 7ng l?c c"# cun ] cng tng >hi A t cng nhd 9t6i ti/u th 7:ng in l)n;! F, vS& b l?c n& th2ch hp v)i mch ch\nh lu c*ng Cut v'# v l)n! _i t+ c"# cun c6m ] cng l)n th, tc 7ng cng tng3 tu& nhi/n ceng >h*ng n/n 78ng ] %u l)n3 v, >hi in t+J mt chiu c"# cun ] l)n3 Ct p mt chiu t+/n n tng v hiu Cut c"# b ch\nh lu gi6m! 1.=. >n 8?nh 8in ! 1.=.1 &'ch @n ! cA 8?nh B &'ch @n ! cA 8?nh 6Cng Di26E FEnE9.

! [ch $n p to p mmF c1 nh cung cp cho mch 7: >/nh t+ong @i vi m0u

@' ngun YYPF >h*ng c1 nh th*ng %u# in t+J hn 7:ng AY v gim t+/n GL mmF 5 l& +# mt in p c1 nh cung cp cho mch 7: >nh ohi thit > mt mch $n p nh t+/n t# c0n t2nh ton in t+J hn 7:ng C#o cho 7:ng in ngc c-c i %u# GL ph6i nhd hVn 7:ng m GL chu c3 7:ng c-c i %u# GL l >hi 7:ng %u# AO j P Nh CV t+/n th, 7:ng c-c i %u# GL btng Ct p t+/n AY chi# cho gi t+ AY 3 g?i 7:ng in n& l {Y t# c {Y j 9YYP b mm ; x vQPP j vv x vQPP | YPmN @h*ng th=ng t# n/n 5 7:ng ngc %u# GL } OQ mN

G &'ch @n ! cA 8?nh 6Cng T93nHiH/29I JC @n ! . [ch $n p 78ng Gio7D ~DnD+ nh t+/n c u i5m l Vn gi6n nhng nhc i5m l cho 7:ng in nhd 9} OPmN;! 45 c th5 to +# mt in p c1 nh nhng cho 7:ng in mnh hVn

nhiu l0n ng=i t# mMc th/m @+#nCiCto+ 5 >hu&ch i v 7:ng nh CV 7)i k&!

Hnh 1.4( )ch n p c5 6 an7i7t8 %hu9ch i

l mch t+/n in p ti i5m N c th5 th#& $i v c:n gn (o#& chiu nhng in p ti i5m U >h*ng th#& $i v tVng 1i ph^ng! Ngu&/n lh $n p T @h*ng %u# in t+J AY v GL gim c1 nh in p chkn U c"# @+#nCiCto+ Y3 gi6 C >hi in p chkn n Y gi6m jf >hi in p wU tng jf 7:ng %u# n Y tng jf lm in p chkn c"# n tng 3 v ngc li H [ch $n p t+/n Vn gi6n v hiu %u6 n/n c C 7ng +t

+ng 7qi v ng=i t# q C6n (ut cc loi {< h? ]Nvu!! 5 th#& th cho mch $n p t+/n3 {< ]Nvu!! c CV mch nh ph0n mch c m0u (#nh c"# CV t+/n!

10

IC n p h LA78..

IC n p LA7805

]NvuPQ {< $n p QF ]NvuPu {< $n p uF ]NvuPX {< $n p XF ]NvuYO {< $n p YOF

Lu K T R? {<vu!! ch\ cho 7:ng ti/u th >ho6ng YN t+J (u1ng3 >hi +p {< t+ong mch th, w in f wout t' m n QF >hi {< m)i pht hu& tc 7ng! G Lng 6;ng c53 JC @n ! h. MN.. {< $n p h? vu!! c 78ng +ng +qi t+ong cc b ngun 3 nh U ngun c"# 0u F<G3 t+ong @i vi m0u3 t+ong m& t2nhH

11

Hnh1.: (;ng <1ng ca => n p .?4:@- AB .?4:@: t 8ng $3 ngun u C>D 1.=.2. &'ch @n ! /u4 n /Onh PcQ hi /i !R G S 8 )hAi c53 m'ch @n ! cQ hi /i ! .

Hnh 1.D (S %hEi ca mch n p c5 hi tip . 12

S &</ HA 8Tc 8iUm c53 m'ch @n ! cQ hi /i ! :

<ung cp in p mt chiu J 0u +# >h*ng $i t+ong h#i t+=ng hp in p 0u vo th#& $i hoac 7:ng ti/u th c"# t6i th#& $i3 tu& nhi/n C- th#& $i n& ph6i c gi)i hn! <ho in p mt chiu 0u +# c cht lng c#o3 gi6m thi5u c hin tng gn (o#& chiu!

S Vgu4Wn /Xc h2'/ 8<ng c53 m'ch.

[ch l& myu Cn thDo 7zi in p 0u +# th*ng %u# mt c0u phkn p to +# 9 wlm T p l& myu; [ch to p chun jf gim l& mt mKc in p c1 nh 9wc T p chun ; [ch Co Cnh Cn Co Cnh h#i in p l& myu wlm v p chun wc 5 to thnh in p iu >hi5n! [ch >huch i C # C#i Cn >huch i p iu >hi5n3 C#u # v iu ch\nh C- hot ng c"# n c*ng (ut thDo h)ng ngc li3 nu in p +# tng jf th*ng %u# mch hi tip iu ch\nh jf n c*ng (ut 7yn gi6m jfin p +# gi6m (u1ng! Ngc li nu in p +# gi6m jf th*ng %u# mch hi tip iu ch\nh jf n c*ng (ut li 7yn tng jf v in p +# tng l/n jff >t %u6 in p 0u +# >h*ng th#& $i!

13

Chng 2. THJT K VYUZV &[T CHJ\U >V ]^ C_ `JaV ]^ bc THcY `>J Td e B f g

S 8 )hAi c53 )hAi ngun: Uin p

U1 h

JT

[ch U2 h ch\nh lu UT

U l?c
Ui1

n p mt chiu 9$n 7:ng;

Ui2

bT

Hnh 2.1. S %hEi ca m3t $3 ngun h8Bn ch!nh <c ti/u chun > thuSt c"# >h1i ngunT <c ti/u chun > thuSt c"# >h1i ngunT B 4in p vo OOPFN<x XFN< B 4in p +# Q F7c B G:ng in +# t6i YN!9hoac hVn nu mMc thDm t+#nCiCto+; B <*ng Cut c-c i Q g! 2.1. Bi n !

14

l k& 7o ngun $n p c C YN; n/n t# C

7ng J l)i in (o#& chiu

9OOPFxXF B QPRL; v c*ng Cut c-c i c"# ngun l Qg 9QF G < B 7ng mt bin p c in p vo OOPF %u# bi/ n # p bi/ n * i co n XF v in p +# QF3 7:ng +# YN! 2.2. &'ch ch$nh %u Go nh`ng u i5m c"# mch ch\nh lu c0u nh in p +# 2t nhp nh&3 in p ngc m i*t ph6i chu nhd hVn Co v)i phVng php ckn btng n/n t# Cn ch?n b ch\nh lu c0u!

2.-. B< %.c ngun

15

U l?c c nhim v C#n btng in p mt chiu 7Sp mch w @ thu c C#u >h1i ch\nh lu thnh in p mt chiu w Y 2t nhp nh* hVn! F)i nh`ng ac i5m c"# phVng php l?c btng t in nh t2nh Vn gi6n ceng nh cht lng l?c >h c#o n/n J k& t# Cn C 7ng phVng php l?c n& cho >h1i ngun!

2.=. KhAi @n ! @hDo &/u c0u thit > mch $n p c in p +# th#& $i t' PF n QF n/n t# C mMc th*ng th=ng; 7ng mt {< $n p th*ng 7ng l ][vuPQ! Go ][vuPQ ch\ cho in p +# t+ong 76i Z!vF b Q!OQF 9v)i cch

16

 Tng qut v IC LM7805

Hnh 2.2. => n p .)4:@-

][ vuPQ l mt {< $n p th*ng 7ng c Kng 7ng nhiu t+ong th-c t v)i cc u i5m nh in p +# $n nh ceng nh cch iu ch\nh in p +# >h Vn gi6n 9ch\ c0n th#& $i gi t+ mt phkn p;! [t C1 ac i5m th*ng C1 > thuSt cV b6n c"# ][ vuPQ nh C#uT Z!vQF } w w @ } Q!OQF! { w @ [ N j YN! vF } w { N } OPF!

17

 QmN } { w @ } { w @ [ N ! cV ngu&/n lh c"# ][vuPQ c t+,nh b& nh C#u

Hnh 2.'. S ngu9Fn "G => .)4:@[ch C 7ng {< ][vuPQ3 v)i cch mMc th*ng th=ng 9nh h,nh O!Z; in p +# ch\ ntm t+ong >ho6ng Z!vF n Q!OQF!

Hnh 2.+. S n p <Hng .)4:@-

18

4in p +# c th5 iu ch\nh c nh= th#& $i nh= bin t+J A!

Chng -. TjVH Ti]V C]C THc& Sk Kl THUmT gn Lo^ b]^ &pCH THqC T -.1. KhAi (i n !

Hnh '.1. Bin p ngun B 4in p +# c"# mch l QF v ch?n w v m i n j X F 9t1i thi5u l l)n hVn mF; v th/m ph0n 7- ph:ng gn Cng c"# t l?c3 < l ? c 3 mat >hc ph6i cng th/m mt lng in p +Vi t+/n O 7io7D ch\nh lu3 7o in p t+/n cun thK cp lT w O j X P3v!O j YP3Z9F; ohi w l ) i m i n j OPPF 9gi t+ hiu 7ng; th,T
nY U Y U u!i O OPP O = = = Ov3O nO U O UO YP3Z

<h?n n j Ov! O ohi w l ) i m # ( j OZPF 9gi t+ hiu 7ng; th,T

nY

19

U O = UY

nO Y = OZP O Ym nY Ov

PgR

@# c 7:ng in +# t+/n cun thK cp c"# m& bin pT { O j YN Go c*ng Cut m bin p cung cp lT s O j w O { + j Ym YjYm 9g; _i6 C t$n h#o t+/n h#i 7io7D ch\nh lu l YP th, c*ng Cut
Ym jYZ3ZZ XP

th-c c"# bin p lT sO j 9g;

G:ng in t+/n cun CV cp lT

IY = IO Y = = P3Pmv Ov Ov

9N;

45 t2nh 7in t2ch thit 7in c"# lzi bin p t# 7-# vo c*ng thKcT
" = (P3u Y3m) P 9cm O ;

c j 9P3u Y3m;

YZ!ZZ

Z 9cm O ;

B Go t# l-# ch?n thit 7in c"# lzi bin p l Z cm O v 78ng cc l thp @*nBcilic m >h*ng ph6i l mt >h1i thp ac 5 t+nh 7:ng uco ch& t+/n 3 gk& td# nhit! @2nh =ng >2nh 7k& cu1n bin p thDo ch\ ti/u mSt 7:ng YNxmm O T B <un CV cpT { Y j P3PmvN cY j
IY P3Pmv jP3Pmv 9mm O ; O j YA x ## O YA x ##

4=ng >2nh 7k& cu1n bin p t+/n cun CV cpT

$Y j %

"Y

j%

P3Pmv

j 0&%'7 (##)

20

B <un thK cpT { O j YN

"O = IO Y = = Y 9mm O ; O Y A x ## YA x ## O

4=ng >2nh 7kp cu1n bin p t+/n cun thK cpT

$O = O "O Y =O = Y3YOu

9mm;

@2nh C1 v:ng 7k& c"# cun bin pT G-# vo t C1T

Q *+ng 9 n; = " 9,# O ; *! t 9U ; Q " 9,# O ;

nY = UY

t >hi w l ) i m # ( j OZPF th, C1 v:ng 7k& t+/n cu*n CV cp lT

nY = Q Q = OZP = mPP O Z " 9,# ;

9v:ng;

c1 v:ng 7k& t+/n cun thK cp lT

nO = nY = YY Ov

9v:ng;

FS& t# l-# ch?n bin p c cc ac t2nh C#uT B Gin t2ch tit 7in lzi bin pT c j Z cm O B 4=ng >2nh 7k& cu1n bin pT cV cp T 7 Y j P3OYv mm mm B c1 v:ng 7k& cu1n bin pT cV cp T n Y j mPP v:ng v:ng -.2. KhAi ch$nh %u @hK cpT n O j YY @hK cpT 7 O j Y3YOu

21

ohi in p l)i c gi t+ l)n nht w l ) i in p ngc at l/n 7io7D ch\nh luT

U ng = U O O = U Y nO Y = OZP O = YO3Qv nY Ov

m#(

j OZP F3

Ym 9F;

G:ng in l)n nht %u# 7io7DT { G j { O j YN! R C1 gn Cng 9>hi < t j P; g j P3ZX! @0n C1 c"# in p +# b ch\nh luT YPPRL Go t# l-# ch?n 7io7D ch\nh lu loiT YNZPPv

-.-. KhAi %.c ngun

22

B c#u >hi %u# >h1i ch\nh lu c0u th, t l?c ceng ph6i 6m b6o chu c in p l)n nht l YmF! Go t# ch?n mt t l?c c w m # ( j YQF B 45 (c nh in 7ung c"# t t# 7-# vo gn Cng C#u >h1i ch\nh luT
CL = TCL mRt K g-

<h?n gn Cng C#u >h1i ch\nh lu lT o g C j Q j P3PQ! <hu >i ch\nh luT B F)i w + j QFT
4in t+J t6i tVng VngT Rt = / = = Q I/ Y
U Q
TCL = Y Y = = P3PY . CL O!QP

9C;

ohi T

CL =

TCL P3PY = P3PYm mRt K gm!Q!P3PQ

9;

<h?n t l?c YPPP xYQF

-.=. KhAi !h,n ! %r4 8iWn ! 93 B 45 $n nh in p +# w + j QFG< t# C 7ng {< $n p vuPQ c gi t+ 0u +# 7Vng l Q3 v)i 7:ng tVng Vng l YN F)i {< vuPQT c 78ng +t nhiu t+ong cc mch in iu >hi5n 78ng 5 cp ngun $n nh cho mch! F)i u i5m l 7p 23

ghp n1i3 7p thit > v)i chi ph2 thp3 ngun 0u +# $n nh3 nhc i5m c"# n l c*ng Cut 0u +# >h thp v hot ng >h*ng $n nh >hi c nhipu b/n ngoi! Rot ng c J 76i nhit l P YOQ o <

HiI nh '.2. HiI nh aJ nh cuJ a => 4:@ {< vuPQ c m chkn cho t# >t n1i v)i nT <hkn Y l ngun 0u vo3 chkn O l _NG3 chkn m l chkn l& in p +#! <hkn YT k& l chkn cp ngun 0u vo cho vuPQ hot ng! G6i in p cho php 0u vo l)n nht l ZPF! <hkn mT chkn in p 0u +#T chkn n& cho chIng t# l& in p 0u +# $n nh QF! 46m b6o 0u +# $n nh lu*n ntm t+ong >ho6ng t' Z3vQF n Q3OQF! 46m b6o th*ng C1T F i b F P f mF! @h*ng C1 n& ph6i lu*n 6m b6o >hi cp ngun cho {< vuPQ! @Kc l in p cp vo cho vuPQ ph6i ntm t+ong >ho6ng uF n ZPF! Nu 7)i uF th, mch $n p >h*ng c:n tc 7ng! @h*ng th=ng ng=i t# >h*ng b#o gi= cp ngun uF vo c6 m ng=i t# ph6i cp ngun l)n hVn 2t nht l gp *i ngun 0u +# 5 t+nh t+=ng hp Ct p 0u vo Cinh +# ngun 0u +# >h*ng $n nh t+ong th=i gi#n ngMn! 24

 46m b6o t6n nhit t1t cho {< vuPQ >hi ch& v)i t6i! ohi c*ng Cut tng l/n th, 7o vuPQ l linh >in bn 7yn c*ng Cut n/n +t nng >hi t6i l)n! 45 t+nh hdng linh >in v cho linh >in hot ng t+ong nhit b,nh th=ng th, ph6i t6n nhit t1t! 4n bo ngunT 45 t2n hiu ngun cho cc in p +# t# 78ng cc ]D7 o T w + j QF 78ng ]D7! 45 t+nh 7:ng %u# ]D7 l)n gk& ch& ]D7 t# 78ng cc in t+d hn 7:ng3 t# cho n AYjAO
RY = R O = U
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U L01 Q Y3v = = XP IY P3Pmv

-.f. T93nHiH/29 /sng 67ng 93 /+i 45 tng 7:ng +# cho ngun t# C 7ng cch mMc nh C#uT

Hnh '.'. => n p <Hng thFm t an7i7t8 ng8Bi K tLng <Mng 7N <1ng Go 7:ng +# l mN t# ph6i C 7ng mt t+#nCiCto+ c >h6 nng 7ng chu c 7:ng l)n hVn hoac btng mN! l k& t# Cn C

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t+#nCiCto+ @{sZO< 5 >o 7:ng v, 7ong +# c"# ][vuPQ t1i # l YN!

S mch ghOp nEi cc %hEi AB mP phQng $0ng R 8tSu7

Hnh '.+. S ngu9Fn "G ca mch ngun D> n p c5 in p a -C 26

 <# c linh >i/ n 7u ng t+ong m# chT B Uin p OOPFN<x XFN<! B {< $n p vXuPQ! B Gio7D c0u! B ]GBAG! B @ h#T YPPPu! B 4in t+J mmPo!

=. Vgu4Wn /st c h23u / 8vu ng cuw 3 m3u ch B @+/n k& l mch ngun $n p QF >h Vn gi6n C vuPQ! <*ng Cut 0u +# >h thp! [ch c C 7ng {< 7ng nhiu t+ong

cc mch iu >hi5n3 mch cung cp ngun cho cc mch t2n hiuH [ch ch\ (o#& %u#nh chKc nng $n nh in p c"# {< vuPQ! B <k u t# o v# ngu&/n l& ho# t * ng cu # {< vuPQ nh # t+i nh b# & V mu c O!Z! B @h# nh phk n lo c ngu* n v# lo c nhi/ uT @+ong m# ch3 chu ng t# 7u ng tu ho # lV n <Y t# o * n # p t+/n V ng ngu* n G<3 k& l# 7# ng * n # p thu * ng3 chu ng t# 7u ng {< * n # p vuPQ / co m c # p +# QF co * * n i nh +k t t* t3 k& l# 7# ng * n # p ti ch c c!@+/n ng6 +# c"# mch c0n ph6i gMn th/m t h# 5 t+nh hin tng pht Cinh 7#o ng t- >2ch3 >hi mch $n 27

p t+ong {< b 7#o ng3 t# Cn th& mKc in p G< t+/n ngq +# chSp ch=n lIc l/n lIc (u1ng! @+=ng hp =ng ngun QF n& 78ng cp in cho mch in lm vic J t0n C1 c#o3 >hi c0n ph6i gMn th/m t <m! <*ng 7ng c"# cc loi t nhd n& l l?c cc t2n hiu J t0n C1 c#o +t t1t3 t+ong >hi 7o cu t+Ic b/n t+ong c"# cc t h# l)n c tim n t2nh 1ng 7k&3 cun c6m n/n >h*ng l?c t1t cc 7:ng in t2n hiu t0n C1 c#o nhipm t+/n =ng ngun! Ngoi +# t+ong mch chIng t# c:n C ]G d3 (#nh 78ng 5 ch\ th! 7ng th/m cc n

S KWt / xu3w 8Wy /3y i

28

HiI nh '.-. S PI maT ch in

HiI nh '.2. S PI maT ch 'D

29