1

TINH TOAN CU KIN B TNG CT CNG

VI.1. TINH CQT:
VI.1.1. Tnh ton cu kin b tng-thp lin hp chu nn un theo ph- ng
php chuyn i t- ng - ng.
Hin nay trn th gii d c mt s phuong php thit k cu kin b tng - thp
lin hop, tuy nhin chng cn chua duoc kim nghim nhiu qua thuc t v rt
phc tap. Vi th, trong pham vi d n ny ta chi s dung mt phuong php tuong
di don gin d xc dinh kh nng chiu luc ca tit din. Theo d, ta s tin hnh
thit k so b tit din v tinh ton kh nng chiu luc ca tit din d. Nu kh
nng chiu luc ca tit din tho mn yu cu thit k, gn vi gi tri ni luc m
cu kin phi chiu l duoc, nu chua tho mn, ta s thit k lai, thay di cc kich
thuc tit din v kim tra lai cho dn khi dat yu cu.
* Cc gi thit co bn:
1. Cc thnh phn trn tit din lm vic nhu mt th thng nht truc khi dat ti
trang thi gii han.
2. Khi cu kin chiu luc dat ti trang thi gii han vn xem rng tit din phng,
cho php p dung cc gi thit co bn ca sc bn vt liu.
3. Khi cu kin chiu luc dat ti trang thi gii han thi ton b tit din, c phn
thp v b tng du cng dat gii han cung d tinh ton ca chng.
4. Trong cu kin hn hop, luc dinh kt gia b tng v thp chua bi khc phuc,
hay ni cch khc kt cu s bi ph hoai truc khi thp v b tng truot ln nhau.
Mt s ki hiu:
A
s
: din tich tit din phn li thp.
A
r
: din tich tit din phn ct thp mm.
A
c
: din tich tit din phn b tng (d tr di phn thp li v phn ct
mm).
O: trong tm ca tit din hn hop.
O
s
, O
r
, O
c
: trong tm ca tit din li thp, phn ct thp mm v phn b
tng.
r
o
: Khong cch t trong tm ca tit din hn hop ti th trn cng.
r
s
, r
ri
, r
c
: Khong cch t trong tm tit din li thp, ct thp mm th i v
b tng ti th trn cng.


2
J
s
, J
r
, J
c
: M men qun tinh ca tit din ring phn li thp, phn ct mm
v phn b tng di vi truc bn thn ca chng.
E
s
, E
r
, E
c
: Mdun bin dang dn hi ca li thp, ct thp mm v b tng.

s
,
r
,
c
: Khong cch t trong tm cc phn li thp, ct thp mm v b
tng ti trong tm ton tit din.
Khi d, thanh hn hop c th duoc tinh ton nhu mt thanh dng cht c cc dc
trung nhu sau:
J
td
= J
s
+ A
s

s
2
+ J
r
+ A
r

r
2
+ J
c
+ A
c

c
2

E
td
=
td
2
c c c c
2
r r r r
2
s s s s
J
) A J ( E ) A J ( E ) A J ( E + + + + +

A
td
=
td
c c r r s s
E
A E A E A E + +

Vi:

s
= r
s
- r
o


r
= r
r
- r
o


c
= r
c
- r
o

Trong d, r
o
duoc tinh theo cng thc:
r
o
=

+ +
+ +
c c ri ri s s
c c c ri ri ri s s s
A E ) A E ( A E
r A E ) r A E ( r A E

* Tinh thanh hn hop thp-b tng chiu nn un:
Cc thanh chiu nn thung dt cc li thp dang ch , ch H hoc cc dang thp
t hop khc di xng vi truc trong tm ca tit din. Ngoi ra trn tit din cn c
cc ct thp mm v cng duoc dt di xng. trang thi gii han xem rng b
tng, li thp cng v ct thp mm du dat ti gii han cung d tinh ton ca
chng. Nghia l ng sut nn trong b tng dat ti gii han R
n
, ng sut trong ct
thp chiu ko dat ti R
a
, trong ct thp chiu nn dat ti R
'
a
.
- Tinh thanh nn - un theo diu kin d bn:
Xt thanh c tit din li thp dt di xng dang ch H chiu luc tc dung dng thi
ca luc nn N v mmen un M. Gi thit rng trang thi gii han v bn, ng
sut trn tit din li thp bi chy hon ton, ng sut tai vng b tng chiu nn
dat ti cung d tinh ton ca n v ng sut trong ct thp trn cng dat gii han
chy. Tai vng b tng chiu ko xem nhu d nt v b qua kh nng chiu ko ca
b tng tai vng d.
Gi thit tai trang thi chiu luc ca tit din vi chiu cao vng nn l y c so d
ng sut nhu sau:



3



Theo hung dn trong kt qu d ti NCKH "Nh cao tng trong thnh ph [6],
xt diu kin cn bng ca tit din ta s tinh duoc kh nng chiu luc ca thanh
trang thi gii han l:
[N] = R
c
by - 2R
s
t(
2
H
-y)
[M] = M
s
+ M
c
+ M
r

Trong d:
M
c
= R
c
.b.y.(d-
2
y
)
M
s
= M
so
- 2.R
s
t.
2
) y d (
2
-

M
r
= M
ro
= R
r
A
r
(d-d
r
)
M
so
l mmen kh nng ca ring li thp di vi truc bn thn tuong ng
ca n.
Thay cc gi tri trn vo phuong trinh v thuc hin bin di tuong duong, ta duoc
h phuong trinh:
[N] = R
c
- 2R
s
t(
2
H
-y) (*)
[M] = (R
c
.b.d + 2.R
s
t.d)y - (
2
b R
c
+R
s
t)y
2
+ M
so
+ M
r
- R
s
.t.d
2
(**)
T h phuong trinh trn rt ra kt lun, vi mt tit din xc dinh thi gi tri M, N
phu thuc vo tham s y (chiu cao vng nn). Bng cch cho cc gi tri y xc
dinh s v duoc dung cong quan h gia M v N v thu duoc dung cong nhu
trang bn:

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4
Nu chp nhn gi thit ng sut du dat ti trang thi gii han nhu trn thi dung
cong trn chinh l dung cong bn. Vi cc cp M, N bt ki nm trong vng gii
han ca dung cong ABC trn thi duoc xem l an ton (d kh nng chiu luc).
Nhu vy, mun xc dinh kh nng chiu luc ca tit din, ta s thay lin tip cc
gi tri y xc dinh vo h phuong trinh (*) v (**) d nhn duoc cc cp gi tri [M],
[N] v so snh vi gi tri ni luc m thanh phi chiu.
T dung cong trn rt ra tit din s dat M
max
khi tho mn:

N
M

= 0
T h phuong trinh trn rt ra:

y
M

= (R
c
b + 2.R
s
.t)(d - t)

y
N

= (R
c
b + 2.R
s
.t)

N
M

=
t . R . 2 b . R
) y d ).( t . R . 2 b . R (
s c
s c
+
- +
= d - y = 0
Nhu vy, tit din s dat M
max
khi truc trung ho trng vi truc trung tm ca tit
din.
Khi d:
M
max
=
2
d . b . R
2
c
+ M
so
+ M
ro

V luc doc tuong ng l:
N
1
= R
c
.b.d
Nguoc lai, luc doc s dat N
max
khi M = 0. Lc d bi ton tr thnh thanh chiu nn
dng tm. Theo diu kin d bn, xem rng trang thi gii han ng sut ca
0
1
.2
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5
phn b tng, phn li thp v ton b ct thp mm du dat ti gii han tinh ton
thi c th d dng tim duoc N
max
theo cng thc:
N
max
= R
s
.A
s
+ R
c
.A
c
+ R
r
.A
r

Tuy nhin, do thy vic cho rng ng sut trn tit din du c dang hinh ch
nht l qu thin v nguy him, tc gi d dua ra kin nghi khi xc dinh N
max
chi
ly vi 85% cung d chiu nn tinh ton ca b tng:
R
c
= 0,85.R
n

N
max
= R
s
.A
s
+ 0,85.R
n
.A
c
+ R
r
.A
r
T h phuong trinh v d thi nhn thy dung cong quan h M - N l dung
parabol, nn c th d dng xc dinh duoc dim B trn d thi vi N
2
= 2N
1
.
Dua trn co s cc gi thit ny, ta s tin hnh phn tich cu th tng trung hop
theo su pht trin dn ca vng nn v dua ra kin nghi v dung cong bn mt
cch chinh xc hon, dng thi xy dung cng thc tinh kh nng chiu luc ca tit
din theo c hai phuong vung gc.
Gi s tit din cn tinh duoc b tri nhu hinh v:
Tit din c chiu cao H, chiu rng B.
Li thp c chiu cao h, chiu rng b, chiu dy
cnh T, chiu dy bung t dt di xng trong tit
din.
Ct thp mm duoc b tri theo c hai phuong,
khong cch t tim thp dn mp tit din l a.
+ Tinh kh nng chiu luc ca ct theo phuong
truc X:
- Trung hop 1: Vng nn nm gia hai cnh ca li thp:
y
2
H
+
2
h

Ta c biu d ng sut nhu sau:
Xt diu kin cn bng:

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[N]
x
= N
cx
+ N
sx
+ N
rx

[M]
x
= M
cx
+ M
sx
+ M
rx

Vi: N
cx
= R
c
By
N
sx
= 2R
s
t(y - d)
N
rx
= 0
M
cx
= R
c
By(d -
2
y
)
M
sx
= M
sox
- R
s
t(d - y)
2

M
rx
= M
rox
= R
r
.A
r
(d - a)
[N] = (R
c
B + 2R
s
t)y - R
s
tH
[M] = (R
c
B + 2R
s
t)dy - (
2
B R
c
+ R
s
t )y
2
+ M
sox
+ M
rox
- R
s
td
2

Cng thc thu duoc tuong tu nhu trong ti liu hung dn.
- Trung hop 2: Mt phn cnh li phia chiu ko nm trong vng nn:

2
H
+
2
h
- T y
2
H
+
2
h

Ta c biu d ng sut nhu hinh:
Xt diu kin cn bng:
[N]
x
= N
cx
+ N
sx
+ N
rx

[M]
x
= M
cx
+ M
sx
+ M
rx

Vi: N
cx
= R
c
By
N
sx
= R
s
A
s
- 2R
s
b(
2
H
+
2
h
- y)
h
b
l chiu cao phn bung li thp: h
b
= h - 2T
N
rx
= 0
M
cx
= R
c
By(d -
2
y
)
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M
sx
= 2R
s
b(
2
h H+
- y)(
2
h
-
2
y
2
h H
-
+
)
= R
s
b(
2
h H+
- y)(
2
H h -
+ y)
= R
s
b(
4
h
2
-(
2
H
- y)
2
)
M
rx
= M
rox
= R
r
.A
r
(d - a)
[N] = (R
c
B + 2R
s
b)y + R
s
A
s
- R
s
b(H+h)
[M] = (R
c
Bd + R
s
bH)y - (
2
B R
c
+ R
s
b )y
2
+ M
rox
- R
s
b
4
h H
2 2
-


Khi vng nn pht trin ra ton b tit din li (y =
2
h H+
), ton b li thp chiu
nn, mmen do phn li thp bng 0.
- Trung hop 3: Vi
2
h H+
< y H - a:
N
s
= R
s
A
s

M
s
= 0
[N] = R
c
By + R
s
A
s

[M] = R
c
By(d -
2
y
) + M
rox

- Trung hop 4: Khi vng nn pht trin vuot qua c phn ct thp mm: y > H -
a. Ton b phn ct thp chiu nn, mmen trong ct thp bng 0.
Biu d ng sut ca trung hop ny nhu sau:
iu kin cn bng:
[N]
x
= N
cx
+ N
sx
+ N
rx

[M]
x
= M
cx
+ M
sx
+ M
rx

Vi: N
cx
= R
c
By
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8
N
sx
= R
s
A
s

N
rx
= R
r
A
r
M
cx
= R
c
By(d -
2
y
)
M
sx
= 0
M
rx
= 0
[N] = R
c
By + R
s
A
s
+ R
r
A
r

[M] = R
c
By(d -
2
y
)
* Tinh kh nng chiu luc ca ct theo phuong truc .
- Trung hop 1: y <
2
B
-
2
t
: vng nn chua qua phn bung ca tit din.
Biu d ng sut:
iu kin cn bng:
[N]
y
= N
cy
+ N
sy
+ N
ry

[M]
y
= M
cy
+ M
sy
+ M
ry

Vi: N
cy
= R
c
Hx
N
sy
= -4R
s
T(
2
B
- x) = 4R
s
T(x -
2
B
)
N
ry
= 0

M
cy
= R
c
Hx(
2
B
-
2
x
)
M
sy
= M
so
- 4R
s
T
2
1
(
2
B
- x)
2
M
ry
= M
roy
= R
r
A
r
(
2
B
- a)
[N]
y
= (R
c
H + 4R
s
T)x - 2R
s
TB
[M]
y
= (
2
BH R
c
+ 2R
s
TB)x - (
2
H R
c
+ 2R
s
T)x
2
+ M
soy
+ M
roy
-
2
TB R
2
s

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- Trung hop 2:
2
B
-
2
t
< y <
2
B
+
2
t
: Mt phn bn bung nm trong vng nn.
Biu d ng sut:
iu kin cn bng:
[N]
y
= N
cy
+ N
sy
+ N
ry

[M]
y
= M
cy
+ M
sy
+ M
ry

Vi: N
cy
= R
c
Hx
N
sy
= 2R
s
h(x -
2
B
)
N
ry
= 0

M
cy
= R
c
Hx(
2
B
-
2
x
)
M
sy
= M
so
- 2R
s
h
2
1
(
2
B
- x)
2
M
ry
= M
roy
= R
r
A
r
(
2
B
- a)
[N]
y
= (R
c
H + 2R
s
h)x - R
s
Bh
[M]
y
= (R
c
H
2
B
+ R
s
Bh)x - (
2
H R
c
+ R
s
h)x
2
+ M
soy
+ M
roy
-
4
h B R
2
s

- Trung hop 3:
2
B
+
2
t
< x <
2
B
+
2
b
: vng nn vuot qua truc trung tm ca tit
din.
Biu d ng sut:
iu kin cn bng:
[N]
y
= N
cy
+ N
sy
+ N
ry

[M]
y
= M
cy
+ M
sy
+ M
ry

Vi: N
cy
= R
c
Hx
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N
sy
= R
s
A
s
- 4R
s
T(
2
b B+
- x)
N
ry
= 0

M
cy
= R
c
Hx(
2
B
-
2
x
)
M
sy
= 4R
s
T(
2
b B+
- x)(
2
b
-
4
b B+
+
2
x
)
= 2R
s
T(
2
b
+
2
B
- x)(
2
b
-
2
B
+ x)
= 2R
s
T[
4
b
2
-(
2
B
- x)
2
]
M
ry
= M
roy
= R
r
A
r
(
2
B
- a)
[N]
y
= (R
c
H + 4R
s
T)x + R
s
A
s
- 2R
s
T(B+b)
[M]
y
= (
2
HB R
c
+ 2R
s
TB)x - (
2
H R
c
+ 2R
s
T)x
2
+ M
roy
- R
s
T
2
b B
2 2
-

Khi vng nn pht trin ra ton b tit din li (x =
2
b B+
), ton b li thp chiu
nn, mmen do phn li thp bng 0.
- Trung hop 4: Vi
2
b B+
< x B - a:
N
s
= R
s
A
s

M
s
= 0
[N]
y
= R
c
Hx + R
s
A
s

[M]
y
= R
c
Hx(
2
B
-
2
x
) + M
roy

- Trung hop 5: Khi vng nn pht trin vuot qua c phn ct thp mm: x > B - a.
Ton b phn ct thp chiu nn, mmen trong ct thp bng 0.
Biu d ng sut:

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11
iu kin cn bng:
[N]
y
= N
cy
+ N
sy
+ N
ry

[M]
y
= M
cy
+ M
sy
+ M
ry

Vi: N
cy
= R
c
Hx
N
sy
= R
s
A
s

N
ry
= R
r
A
r
M
cy
= R
c
Hx(
2
B
-
2
x
)
M
sy
= 0
M
ry
= 0
[N]
y
= R
c
Hx + R
s
A
s
+ R
r
A
r

[M]
y
= R
c
Hx(
2
B
-
2
x
)
T d ta c th xc dinh duoc dung cong bn c dang nhu sau:

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13
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VI.1.2. Thit k tit din ct A2:
* B tr ct thp ct A2 tng ngm 2:
Truc ht ta thit k so b tit din nhu sau:
- Tit din ct: B = 80 cm.
H = 80 cm.
d =
2
H
= 40 cm.
- Kich thuc li: b = 60 cm.
h = 60 cm.
T = 3 cm.
t = 1,2 cm.
h
b
= 54 cm.
E
s
= 2,1.10
6
kG/cm
2
.
R
s
= 2250 kG/cm
2
.
- Ct mm: 16 f25
A
ro
= 4,91 cm
2
.
a = 5 cm.
E
a
= 2,1.10
6
kG/cm
2
.
R
a
= 2800 kG/cm
2
.
don gin cho tinh ton v thin v an ton, khi tinh ton un theo cc phuong,
ta b qua su lm vic ca cc lp ct mm phia trong, coi nhu chi c ct thp
mm lp ngoi cng lm vic.
- B tng mc 400:
E
c
= 3,3.10
5
kG/cm
2
.
R
c
= 170 kG/cm
2
.
Ta c:
A
s
= 54.1,2 + 2.3.60 = 424,8 cm
2
.
J
sx
= 2.3.60.28,5
2
= 292410 cm
4
.
J
sy
= 2.
12
60 . 3
3
= 108000 cm
4
.
W
sx
=
s
sx
y
J
=
30
134560
= 9747 cm
3
.
W
sy
=
s
sy
x
J
=
30
108000
= 3600 cm
3
.


14
M
sox
= W
sx
.R
s
= 9747.2250 = 21930750 kG.cm.
M
soy
= W
sy
.R
s
= 3600.2250 = 8100000 kG.cm.
A
r
= 16.4,91 = 78,56 cm
2
.
J
rx
= J
ry
= 2.5.4,91.(40-5)
2
= 60148 cm
4
.
M
rox
= M
roy
= 2.5.4,91.2800.(40-5) = 4811800 kG.cm.
A
c
= B.H - A
s
- A
r
= 80
2
- 424,8 - 78,56 = 5896,64 cm
2
.
J
cx
=
12
BH
3
- J
sx
- J
rx
=
12
80
4
- 292410 - 60148 = 3060776 cm
4
.
J
cy
=
12
H B
3
- J
sy
- J
ry
=
12
80
4
- 108000 - 60148 = 3245186 cm
4
.
m =
H . B
A A
r s
+
.100% =
2
80
56 , 78 8 , 424 +
.100% = 7,87% < 15%.
kim tra kh nng chiu luc ca tit din, phuong php thng thung l dua
trn cng thc xc dinh [M], [N] t h phuong trinh (*) v (**), cho y cc gi tri xc
dinh, tinh cc gi tri ca M, N tuong ng, t d v ra duoc dung cong bn ca
tit din. Sau d dua cc gi tri ni luc m tit din d phi chiu vo so snh vi
dung cong bn. Nu dim c toa d M, N d nm trong gii han bn ca tit
din thi coi nhu tho mn, tit din d kh nng chiu luc.
Nhu vy, vi mi tit din ta phi xy dung dung cong bn ca n, sau d nu
khng tho mn thi tin hnh thit k lai tit din v lp lai dung cong bn mt
ln na d so snh cho dn khi dat yu cu. Tuy nhin, vic ny chi c th thuc
hin khi thit k mt vi cu kin don l, vi c mt cng trinh thi phuong php
ny s dn dn mt khi luong cng vic rt ln, vic tinh ton s mt rt nhiu
cng sc v thi gian.
Do d ta s tinh ton bng cch t cc cng thc tinh [M], [N] trn, cho [N] = N
tt
,
t d tinh ra y
nn
, thay vo cng thc d tinh duoc [M] tuong ng dem so snh vi
M
tt
. Nu M
tt
[M]
tu
thi tit din d kh nng chiu luc.
Tuy nhin, do ta chua bit duoc chiu cao vng nn d chon cng thc tinh y
nn
,
vi th ta s tinh chiu cao vng nn theo cc cng thc p dung cho cc trung
hop, sau d chon kt qu no ph hop vi khong gii han ca cng thc tuong
ng tc l chiu cao vng nn ng vi luc nn d.
T bng kt qu ni luc trn, ta chon duoc 2 t hop nguy him nht l:
+ T hop dc bit 1 gy ra tai tit din chn ct:
N
1
= 1279,744 T = 1279744 kG.
M
x1
= 9,958 Tm = 995800 kGcm.
M
y1
= 113,417 Tm = 11341700 kGcm.


15
+ T hop dc bit 2 gy ra tai tit din chn ct:
N
2
= 1745,024 T = 1745024 kG.
M
x2
= 154,513 Tm = 15451300 kGcm.
M
y2
= 1,792 Tm = 179200 kGcm.
- Kh nng chiu luc ca tit din:
N
max
= R
s
A
s
+ 0,85.R
n
A
c
+ R
r
A
r

= 2250.424,8 + 0,85.170.5896,64 + 2800.78,56
= 2027832 kG.
M
xmax
=
2
bd R
2
c
+ M
sox
+ M
rox

=
2
40 . 60 . 170
2
+ 21930750 + 4811800 = 37622550 kGcm.
M
ymax
=
8
h B R
2
c
+ + M
soy
+ M
roy

=
2
40 . 60 . 170
2
+ 8100000 + 4811800 = 23791800 kGcm.
- Kim tra cho cp (N
1
, M
x1
, M
y1
):
+ Nn un theo phuong truc x:
Tinh chiu cao vng nn theo cc cng thc:
y
1
=
t R 2 B R
tH R N
s c
s
+
+
=
2 , 1 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
80 . 2 , 1 . 2250 1279744
+
+
= 78,72 cm.
y
2
=
b R 2 B R
) h H ( b R A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 60 . 2250 8 , 424 . 2250 1279744
+
+ + -
= 67,79 cm.
y
3
=
B R
A R N
c
s s
-
=
80 . 170
8 , 424 . 2250 1279744 -
= 23,82 cm.
y
4
=
B R
A R A R N
c
r r s s
- -
=
80 . 170
56 , 78 . 2800 8 , 424 . 2250 1279744 - -
= 7,65 cm.
Ta thy y
2
= 67,79 cm l ph hop vi khong gii han ca cng thc:

2
h H+
- T =
2
60 80 +
- 3 = 67 < y = 67,79 <
2
h H+
= 70 cm.
y = y
2
= 67,79 cm


16
M
xtu
= M
x2
= (R
c
Bd + R
s
bH)y - (
2
B R
c
+R
s
b)y
2
+ M
rox
- R
s
b
4
h H
2 2
-

= (170.80.40+2250.60.80).67,79 - (
2
80 . 170
+ 2250.60).67,79
2
+ 4811800
- 2250.60.
4
60 80
2 2
-

= 27718039 kG.cm > M
1
= 995800 kG.cm
Tit din d kh nng chiu luc.
+ Nn un theo phuong truc y:
Tinh chiu cao vng nn theo cc cng thc:
x
1
=
T R 4 H R
TB R 2 N
s c
s
+
+
=
3 . 2250 . 4 80 . 170
80 . 3 . 2250 . 2 1279744
+
+
= 58,12 cm.
x
2
=
h R 2 H R
Bh R N
s c
s
+
+
=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
60 . 80 . 2250 1279744
+
+
= 42,23 cm.
x
3
=
T R 4 H R
) b B ( T R 2 A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
3 . 2250 . 4 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 3 . 2250 . 2 8 , 424 . 2250 1279744
+
+ + -
= 54,53 cm.
x
4
=
H R
A R N
c
s s
-
=
80 . 170
8 , 424 . 2250 1279744 -
= 23,82 cm.
x
5
=
H R
A R A R N
c
r r s s
- -
=
80 . 170
56 , 78 . 2800 8 , 424 . 2250 1279744 - -
= 7,65 cm.
Ta thy x
3
= 54,53 cm l ph hop vi khong gii han ca cng thc:

2
t B +
=
2
2 , 1 80 +
= 40,6 < x <
2
b B +
= 70 cm
x = x
3
= 54,53 cm.
M
ytu
= M
y3
= (
2
BH R
c
+ 2R
s
TB)x - (
2
H R
c
+ 2R
s
T)x
2
+ M
rox
- R
s
T
2
b B
2 2
-

= (170.80.40 + 2.2250.3.80).54,53 - (
2
80 . 170
+ 2.2250.3).54,53
2
+
4811800 - 2250.3.
2
60 80
2 2
-

= 23555668 kG.cm > M
y1
= 11341700 kG.cm
Tit din d kh nng chiu luc.
- Kim tra cho cp (N
2
, M
x2
, M
y2
):


17
+ Nn un theo phuong truc x:
Tinh chiu cao vng nn theo cc cng thc:
y
1
=
t R 2 B R
tH R N
s c
s
+
+
=
2 , 1 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
80 . 2 , 1 . 2250 1745024
+
+
= 103,21 cm.
y
2
=
b R 2 B R
) h H ( b R A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 60 . 2250 8 , 424 . 2250 1745024
+
+ + -
= 69,43 cm.
y
3
=
B R
A R N
c
s s
-
=
80 . 170
8 , 424 . 2250 1745024 -
= 58,03 cm.
y
4
=
B R
A R A R N
c
r r s s
- -
=
80 . 170
56 , 78 . 2800 8 , 424 . 2250 1745024 - -
=41,86 cm.
Ta thy y
2
= 69,43 cm l dng vi khong gii han ca cng thc:

2
h H+
- T =
2
60 80 +
- 3 = 67 < y = 67,79 <
2
h H+
= 70 cm.
y = y
2
= 69,43 cm
M
xtu
= M
x2
= (R
c
Bd + R
s
bH)y - (
2
B R
c
+R
s
b)y
2
+ M
rox
- R
s
b
4
h H
2 2
-

= (170.80.40+2250.60.80).69,43 - (
2
80 . 170
+ 2250.60).69,43
2
+ 4811800
- 2250.60.
4
60 80
2 2
-

= 14408366 kG.cm < M
x2
= 15451307 kG.cm.
Tit din khng d kh nng chiu luc.
Thit k lai tit din.
Tng chiu dy bn bung li thp ln 1,6 cm.
Ta c:
A
s
= 54.1,2 + 2.3.60 = 446,4 cm
2
.
J
sx
= 2.3.60.28,5
2
= 292410 cm
4
.
J
sy
= 2.
12
60 . 3
3
= 108000 cm
4
.
W
sx
=
s
sx
y
J
=
30
134560
= 9747 cm
3
.


18
W
sy
=
s
sy
x
J
=
30
108000
= 3600 cm
3
.
M
sox
= W
sx
.R
s
= 9747.2250 = 21930750 kG.cm.
M
soy
= W
sy
.R
s
= 3600.2250 = 8100000 kG.cm.
A
r
= 16.4,91 = 78,56 cm
2
.
J
rx
= J
ry
= 2.5.4,91.(40-5)
2
= 60148 cm
4
.
M
rox
= M
roy
= 2.5.4,91.2800.(40-5) = 4811800 kG.cm.
A
c
= B.H - A
s
- A
r
= 80
2
- 446,4 - 78,56 = 5875,04 cm
2
.
J
cx
=
12
BH
3
- J
sx
- J
rx
=
12
80
4
- 292410 - 60148 = 3060776 cm
4
.
J
cy
=
12
H B
3
- J
sy
- J
ry
=
12
80
4
- 108000 - 60148 = 3245186 cm
4
.
m =
H . B
A A
r s
+
.100% =
2
80
56 , 78 4 , 446 +
.100% = 8,2% < 15%.
- Kh nng chiu luc ca tit din:
N
max
= R
s
A
s
+ 0,85.R
n
A
c
+ R
r
A
r

= 2250.446,4 + 0,85.170.5875,04 + 2800.78,56
= 2073311 kG.
M
xmax
=
2
bd R
2
c
+ M
sox
+ M
rox

=
2
40 . 60 . 170
2
+ 21930750 + 4811800 = 37622550 kGcm.
M
ymax
=
8
h B R
2
c
+ + M
soy
+ M
roy

=
2
40 . 60 . 170
2
+ 8100000 + 4811800 = 23791800 kGcm.
- Kim tra cho cp (N
1
, M
x1
, M
y1
):
+ Nn un theo phuong truc x:
Tinh chiu cao vng nn theo cc cng thc:
y
1
=
t R 2 B R
tH R N
s c
s
+
+
=
6 , 1 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
80 . 6 , 1 . 2250 1279744
+
+
= 75,37 cm.
y
2
=
b R 2 B R
) h H ( b R A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 60 . 2250 4 , 446 . 2250 1279744
+
+ + -
= 67,61 cm.


19
y
3
=
B R
A R N
c
s s
-
=
80 . 170
4 , 446 . 2250 1279744 -
= 20,25 cm.
y
4
=
B R
A R A R N
c
r r s s
- -
=
80 . 170
56 , 78 . 2800 4 , 446 . 2250 1279744 - -
= 4,07 cm.
Ta thy y
2
= 67,61 cm l ph hop vi khong gii han ca cng thc:

2
h H+
- T =
2
60 80 +
- 3 = 67 < y = 67,61 <
2
h H+
= 70 cm.
y = y
2
= 67,61 cm.
M
xtu
= M
x2
= (R
c
Bd + R
s
bH)y - (
2
B R
c
+R
s
b)y
2
+ M
rox
- R
s
b
4
h H
2 2
-

= (170.80.40+2250.60.80).67,61 - (
2
80 . 170
+ 2250.60).67,61
2
+ 4811800
- 2250.60.
4
60 80
2 2
-

= 29064246 kG.cm > M
1
= 995800 kG.cm
Tit din d kh nng chiu luc.
+ Nn un theo phuong truc y:
Tinh chiu cao vng nn theo cc cng thc:
x
1
=
T R 4 H R
TB R 2 N
s c
s
+
+
=
3 . 2250 . 4 80 . 170
80 . 3 . 2250 . 2 1745024
+
+
= 58,12 cm.
x
2
=
h R 2 H R
Bh R N
s c
s
+
+
=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
60 . 80 . 2250 1745024
+
+
= 42,59 cm.
x
3
=
T R 4 H R
) b B ( T R 2 A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
3 . 2250 . 4 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 3 . 2250 . 2 8 , 424 . 2250 1745024
+
+ + -
= 53,33 cm.
x
4
=
H R
A R N
c
s s
-
=
80 . 170
8 , 424 . 2250 1745024 -
= 20,25 cm.
x
5
=
H R
A R A R N
c
r r s s
- -
=
80 . 170
56 , 78 . 2800 8 , 424 . 2250 1745024 - -
= 4,07 cm.
Ta thy x
3
= 53,33 cm l ph hop vi khong gii han ca cng thc:

2
t B +
=
2
6 , 1 80 +
= 40,8 < x <
2
b B +
= 70 cm
x = x
3
= 53,33 cm.


20
M
ytu
= M
y3
= (
2
BH R
c
+ 2R
s
TB)x - (
2
H R
c
+ 2R
s
T)x
2
+ M
rox
- R
s
T
2
b B
2 2
-

= (170.80.40 + 2.2250.3.80).53,33 - (
2
80 . 170
+ 2.2250.3).53,33
2
+
4811800 - 2250.3.
2
60 80
2 2
-

= 24232769 kG.cm > M
y1
= 11341700 kG.cm
Tit din d kh nng chiu luc.
- Kim tra cho cp (N
2
, M
x2
, M
y2
):
+ Nn un theo phuong truc x:
Tinh chiu cao vng nn theo cc cng thc:
y
1
=
t R 2 B R
tH R N
s c
s
+
+
=
2 , 1 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
80 . 2 , 1 . 2250 1745024
+
+
= 97,74 cm.
y
2
=
b R 2 B R
) h H ( b R A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 60 . 2250 8 , 424 . 2250 1745024
+
+ + -
= 69,25 cm.
y
3
=
B R
A R N
c
s s
-
=
80 . 170
8 , 424 . 2250 1745024 -
= 54,46 cm.
y
4
=
B R
A R A R N
c
r r s s
- -
=
80 . 170
56 , 78 . 2800 8 , 424 . 2250 1745024 - -
= 38,28 cm.
Ta thy y
2
= 69,25 cm l ph hop vi khong gii han ca cng thc:

2
b B +
- T =
2
60 80 +
- 3 = 67 < y = 67,79 <
2
b B +
= 70 cm
y = y
2
= 69,25 cm.
M
xtu
= M
x2
= (R
c
Bd + R
s
bH)y - (
2
B R
c
+R
s
b)y
2
+ M
rox
- R
s
b
4
h H
2 2
-

= (170.80.40+2250.60.80).69,25 - (
2
80 . 170
+ 2250.60).69,25
2
+ 4811800
- 2250.60.
4
60 80
2 2
-

= 15834307 kG.cm > M
x2
= 15451300 kG.cm.
Tit din d kh nng chiu luc.
+ Nn un theo phuong truc y:
Tinh chiu cao vng nn theo cc cng thc:


21
x
1
=
T R 4 H R
TB R 2 N
s c
s
+
+
=
3 . 2250 . 4 80 . 170
80 . 3 . 2250 . 2 1745024
+
+
= 69,58 cm.
x
2
=
h R 2 H R
Bh R N
s c
s
+
+
=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
60 . 80 . 2250 1745024
+
+
= 44,23 cm.
x
3
=
T R 4 H R
) b B ( T R 2 A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
3 . 2250 . 4 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 3 . 2250 . 2 8 , 424 . 2250 1745024
+
+ + -
= 64,79 cm.
x
4
=
H R
A R N
c
s s
-
=
80 . 170
8 , 424 . 2250 1745024 -
= 54,46 cm.
x
5
=
H R
A R A R N
c
r r s s
- -
=
80 . 170
56 , 78 . 2800 8 , 424 . 2250 1745024 - -
= 38,28 cm.
Ta thy x
3
= 64,79 cm tho mn
2
t B +
=
2
6 . 1 80 +
= 40,8 < y <
2
b B +
= 70 cm
x = x
3
= 64,79 cm
M
ytu
= M
y3
= (
2
BH R
c
+ 2R
s
TB)x - (
2
H R
c
+ 2R
s
T)x
2
+ M
rox
- R
s
T
2
b B
2 2
-

= (170.80.40 + 2.2250.3.80).64,79 - (
2
80 . 170
+ 2.2250.3).64,79
2
+
4811800 - 2250.3.
2
60 80
2 2
-

= 15362836 kG.cm > M
y2
= 179200 kG.cm
Tit din d kh nng chiu luc theo diu kin bn.
* Kim tra diu kin n dinh:
Kh nng chiu luc ca thanh theo diu kin n dinh duoc tinh ton theo cng
thc:
N B
lt
R
s
A
s
+ B(R
c
by + R
r
A
'
r
)
Trong d:
y: chiu cao vng nn.
A
'
r
: din tich phn ct thp mm nm trong vng nn.
B: h s k dn nh hung ca un doc, phu thuc d mnh ca ct, xc
dinh theo tiu chun thit k kt cu b tng ct thp TCVN 5574-1991.
B
lt
: h s k dn n dinh tng th ca thanh nn lch tm, xc dinh theo
tiu chun thit k kt cu thp TCVN 5575-1991.
Cc dc trung ca tit din tuong duong:


22
J
xtd
= J
sx
+ J
cx
+ J
rx
= 3413333 cm
4
.
J
ytd
= J
sy
+ J
cy
+ J
ry
= 3413333 cm
4
.
E
xtd
=
xtd
rx r cx c sx s
J
J E J E J E + +

=
3413333
60148 . 10 . 1 , 2 3060776 . 10 . 3 , 3 292410 . 10 . 1 , 2
6 5 6
+ +

= 512820 kG/cm
2
.
E
ytd
=
ytd
ry r cy c sy s
J
J E J E J E + +

=
3413333
60148 . 10 . 1 , 2 3245186 . 10 . 3 , 3 108000 . 10 . 1 , 2
6 5 6
+ +

= 417194 kG/cm
2
.
A
xtd
=
xtd
r r c c s x
E
A E A E A E + +

=
512820
56 , 78 . 10 . 1 , 2 04 , 5875 . 10 . 3 , 3 4 , 446 . 10 . 1 , 2
6 5 6
+ +

= 5930,30 cm
2
.
A
ytd
=
ytd
r r c c s x
E
A E A E A E + +

=
417194
56 , 78 . 10 . 1 , 2 04 , 5875 . 10 . 3 , 3 4 , 446 . 10 . 1 , 2
6 5 6
+ +

= 7289,61 cm
2
.
r
xtd
=
xtd
xtd
A
J
=
30 , 5930
3413333
= 23,99 cm.
r
ytd
=
yxtd
ytd
A
J
=
61 , 7289
3413333
= 21,64 cm.
W
xtd
=
d
J
xtd
=
40
3413333
= 85333 cm
3
= W
ytd
.
r
xtd
=
xtd
xtd
A
W
=
3 , 5930
85333
= 14,39 cm.
r
ytd
=
ytd
ytd
A
W
=
61 , 7289
85333
= 11,71 cm.
Chiu cao tinh ton ca ct:


23
l
o
= 0,7.h = 0,7.2,4 = 1,68 m = 168 cm.
B
xtd
=
xtd
o
r
l
=
99 , 23
168
= 7 < 20 B
x
= 1.
B
xtd
=
ytd
o
r
l
=
64 , 21
168
= 7,76 < 20 B
y
= 1.

xtd
l =
xtd
s
xtd
E
R
l = 7.
512820
2250
= 0,464.

ytd
l =
ytd
s
ytd
E
R
l = 7,76.
417194
2250
= 0,541.
+ Kim tra vi cp M
1
, N
1
:
@ Theo phuong truc x:
e
x1
=
1
1 x
N
M
=
1279744
99580
= 0,778 cm.
m
x1
=
xtd
1 x
e
r
=
39 , 14
778 , 0
= 0,05.

b
c
A
A
=
6 , 1 . 54
3 . 60 . 2
= 4,17.
Tra bng 73 TCVN 5575-1991 ta duoc:
B
x1
= 1,9 - 0,1m - 0,02.(6 - m) l = 1,839
m'
x1
= B
x1
m
x1
= 1,839.0,05 = 0,1.
Tra bng 74 TCVN 5575-1991 theo
xtd
l v m'
x1
ta duoc:
j
ltx1
= 0,97
[N] = 0,97.2250.446,6 + 1(170.80.67,61 + 2800.5.4,91) = 1962559 kG.
[N] > N
1
= 1279744 kG.
@ Theo phuong truc y:
e
y1
=
1
1 y
N
M
=
1279744
11341700
= 8,862 cm.
m
y1
=
ytd
1 y
e
r
=
71 , 11
862 , 8
= 0,76.

b
c
A
A
=
3 . 60 . 2
6 , 1 . 54
= 0,24.
Tra bng 73 TCVN 5575-1991 ta duoc:


24
B
y1
= 0,75 + 0,05m + 0,01.(5 - m) l = 0,810
m'
y1
= B
y1
m
y1
= 0,810.0,76 = 0,61.
Tra bng 74 TCVN 5575-1991 theo
ytd
l v m'
y1
ta duoc:
j
lty1
= 0,815
[N] = 0,815.2250.446,6 + 1(170.80.53,33+2800.5.4,91)= 1612663 kG.
[N] > N
1
= 1279744 kG.

+ Kim tra vi cp M
2
, N
2
:
@ Theo phuong truc x:
e
x2
=
2
2 x
N
M
=
1745024
15451307
= 8,854 cm.
m
x2
=
xtd
2 x
e
r
=
39 , 14
854 , 8
= 0,62.

b
c
A
A
=
6 , 1 . 54
3 . 60 . 2
= 4,17.
Tra bng 73 TCVN 5575-1991 ta duoc:
B
x2
= 1,9 - 0,1m - 0,02.(6 - m) l = 1,789
m'
x2
= B
x2
m
x2
= 1,789.0,62 = 1,10.
Tra bng 74 TCVN 5575-1991 theo
xtd
l v m'
x2
ta duoc:
j
ltx2
= 0,703
[N] = 0,703.2250.446,6 + 1(170.80.69,25 + 2800.5.4,91) = 1716697 kG.
[N] < N
2
= 1745024 kG.
Ct khng d kh nng chiu luc tng kich thuc tit din.
iu kin bn d tho mn, ta chi kim tra lai theo diu kin n dinh.
Chon t = 2 cm.
A
s
= 468 cm
2
.
J
sx
= 292410 cm
4
.
J
sy
= 108000 cm
4
.
A
r
= 78,56 cm
2
.
J
rx
= J
ry
= 60148 cm
4
.
A
c
= 5853,44 cm
2
.
J
cx
= 3060776 cm
4
.
J
cy
= 3245186 cm
4
.


25
J
xtd
= J
ytd
= 3413333 cm
4
.
E
xtd
=
3413333
60148 . 10 . 1 , 2 3060776 . 10 . 3 , 3 292410 . 10 . 1 , 2
6 5 6
+ +

= 512820 kG/cm
2
.
E
ytd
=
3413333
60148 . 10 . 1 , 2 3245186 . 10 . 3 , 3 108000 . 10 . 1 , 2
6 5 6
+ +

= 417194 kG/cm
2
.
A
xtd
=
512820
56 , 78 . 10 . 1 , 2 44 , 5853 . 10 . 3 , 3 468 . 10 . 1 , 2
6 5 6
+ +

= 6004,85 cm
2
.
A
ytd
=
417194
56 , 78 . 10 . 1 , 2 44 , 5853 . 10 . 3 , 3 468 . 10 . 1 , 2
6 5 6
+ +

= 7381,25 cm
2
.
r
xtd
=
85 , 6004
3413333
= 23,84 cm.
r
ytd
=
25 , 7381
3413333
= 21,50 cm.
W
xtd
= W
ytd
=
40
3413333
= 85333 cm
3
.
r
xtd
=
85 , 6004
85333
= 14,21 cm .
r
ytd
=
25 , 7381
85333
= 11,56 cm.
B
xtd
=
84 , 23
168
= 7,046 < 20 B
x
= 1.
B
xtd
=
5 , 21
168
= 7,812 < 20 B
y
= 1.
= 7,046.
512820
2250
= 0,467.

ytd
l = 7,812.
417194
2250
= 0,517.
+ Kim tra vi cp M
1
, N
1
:
@ Theo phuong truc x:


26
y
nn
= y
2
=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 60 . 2250 468 . 2250 1279744
+
+ + -
= 67,44 cm.
e
x1
=
1
1 x
N
M
=
1279744
99580
= 0,778 cm.
m
x1
=
xtd
1 x
e
r
=
21 , 14
778 , 0
= 0,055.

b
c
A
A
=
2 . 54
3 . 60 . 2
= 3,33.
Tra bng 73 TCVN 5575-1991 ta duoc:
B
x1
= 1,9 - 0,1m - 0,02.(6 - m) l = 1,839
m'
x1
= B
x1
m
x1
= 1,839.0,055 = 0,10.
Tra bng 74 TCVN 5575-1991 theo
xtd
l v m'
x1
ta duoc:
j
ltx1
= 0,97
[N] = 0,97.2250.468 + 1(170.80.67,44 + 2800.5.4,91) = 2007370 kG.
[N] > N
1
= 1279744 kG.
@ Theo phuong truc y:
x
nn
= x
3
=
T R 4 H R
) b B ( T R 2 A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
3 . 2250 . 4 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 3 . 2250 . 2 468 . 2250 1279744
+
+ + -
= 52,14 cm.
e
y1
=
1
1 y
N
M
=
1279744
11341700
= 8,862 cm.
m
y1
=
ytd
1 y
e
r
=
56 , 11
862 , 8
= 0,767.

b
c
A
A
=
3 . 60 . 2
2 . 54
= 0,3.
Tra bng 73 TCVN 5575-1991 ta duoc:
B
y1
= 0,75 + 0,05m + 0,01.(5 - m) l = 0,810
m'
y1
= B
y1
m
y1
= 0,810.0,767 = 0,62.
Tra bng 74 TCVN 5575-1991 theo
ytd
l v m'
y1
ta duoc:
j
lty1
= 0,815
[N] = 0,815.2250.468 + 1(170.80.52,14+2800.5.4,91)= 1635992 kG.
[N] > N
1
= 1279744 kG.


27

+ Kim tra vi cp M
2
, N
2
:
@ Theo phuong truc x:
y
nn
= y
2
=
b R 2 B R
) h H ( b R A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
60 . 2250 . 2 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 60 . 2250 468 . 2250 1745024
+
+ + -
= 69,08 cm.
e
x2
=
2
2 x
N
M
=
1745024
15451307
= 8,854 cm.
m
x2
=
xtd
2 x
e
r
=
21 , 14
854 , 8
= 0,623.

b
c
A
A
=
2 . 54
3 . 60 . 2
= 3,33.
Tra bng 73 TCVN 5575-1991 ta duoc:
B
x2
= 1,9 - 0,1m - 0,02.(6 - m) l = 1,787
m'
x2
= B
x2
m
x2
= 1,787.0,623 = 1,11.
Tra bng 74 TCVN 5575-1991 theo
xtd
l v m'
x2
ta duoc:
j
ltx1
= 0,703
[N] = 0,703.2250.468 + 1(170.80.69,08 + 2800.5.4,91) = 1748532 kG.
[N] > N
2
= 1745024 kG.
@ Theo phuong truc y:
x
nn
= x
3
=
T R 4 H R
) b B ( T R 2 A R N
s c
s s s
+
+ + -

=
3 . 2250 . 4 80 . 170
) 60 80 .( 3 . 2250 . 2 468 . 2250 1745024
+
+ + -
= 63,60 cm.
e
y2
=
2
2 y
N
M
=
1745024
179200
= 0,103 cm.
m
y2
=
ytd
2 y
e
r
=
56 , 11
103 , 0
= 0,01.

b
c
A
A
=
3 . 60 . 2
2 . 54
= 0,3.
Tra bng 73 TCVN 5575-1991 ta duoc:
B
y2
= 0,75 + 0,05m + 0,01.(5 - m) l = 0,776.


28
m'
y2
= B
y2
m
y2
= 0,776.0,01 = 0,0069.
Tra bng 74 TCVN 5575-1991 theo
ytd
l v m'
y2
ta duoc:
j
ltx2
= 0,993
[N] = 0,993.2250.468 + 1(170.80.63,60 + 2800.5.4,91) = 1979283 kG.
[N] > N
2
= 1745024 kG.
Ct d kh nng chiu luc.
Chon tit din ct:
B = 80 cm
H = 80 cm
b = 60 cm
h = 60 cm
T = 3 cm
T = 2 cm
Ct mm 16f25, a = 5 cm.


?
=
?=
@
A
B=
3
@
2= 2=
@
2
=
@
B
=
2
=
!


29
tinh ton sn b tng - thp lin hop, ta s dung cc gi thit tinh ton ca
T.S. Arda v C. orgun [11]:
- Biu d ng sut c dang hinh ch nht.
- B qua su lm vic ca b tng vng ko. ng sut ko chi do bn thp v ct
thp chiu.
Ct mt di bn rng 1 m vung gc vi dm. Bn sn duoc tinh ton tai 2 vi tri,
tai gia nhip c M
max
v tai gi c M
min
.
* Xt vi tri gia nhip, th dui chiu ko, th trn chiu nn. C 2 trung hop xy ra:
truc trung ho di qua phn thp bn v truc trung ho di qua phn b tng. - -
Trung hop 1: A
s
R
s
< bd
o
R
c
truc trung ho di qua phn bn b tng.
Khi d, biu d ng sut nhu trong hinh v:
Vi tri truc trung tm tit din duoc xc dinh t phuong trinh:
D
c
= Z
a1
+ Z
a2
+ Z
a3
Trong d:
D
c
: luc nn trong b tng.
Z
a1
: luc ko trong cnh dui ca bn thp.
Z
a2
: luc ko trong cnh trn ca bn thp.
Z
a3
: luc ko trong phn bung ca bn thp.
Vi:
D
c
= byR
c

Z
a1
= n
1
.b
1
.t.R
s

Z
a2
= n
2
.b
2
.t.R
s

Z
a3
= (n
1
+ n
2
).t.
a sin
d
a
.R
s

Trong d:
R
s
: cung d thp bn.
R
c
: cung d chiu nn ca b tng.
&C &3
&2
&D
&+ &+
&3
:#
"
:D
!
E#2
E#3
E#A
F+
)+
)*
a


30
b: chiu rng ca bn.
t: chiu dy tm thp.
n
1
: s sng thp trn.
n
2
: s sng thp dui.
b
1
, b
2
: chiu rng sng thp trn v sng thp dui.
Thay vo ta c phuong trinh:
byR
c
= n
1
.b
1
.t.R
s
+ n
2
.b
2
.t.R
s
+ (n
1
+ n
2
).t.
a sin
d
a
.R
s

R
c
by = (n
1
b
1
+ n
2
b
2
+ (n
1
+ n
2
)
a sin
d
a
)R
s
t
y = (n
1
b
1
+ n
2
b
2
+ (n
1
+ n
2
)
a sin
d
a
)
b R
t R
c
s

Kh nng chiu luc ca tit din duoc tinh theo cng thc:
[M] = D
c
.
2
y
+ Z
a1
.(h - y) + Z
a2
.(d
o
- y) + Z
a3
.(d
o
- y +
2
d
a
)
iu kin kim tra:
M < [M]
- Trung hop 2: A
s
R
s
< bd
o
R
c
truc trung ho di qua phn sng thp.
Khi d, biu d ng sut nhu trong hinh v:
Vi tri truc trung tm tit din duoc xc dinh t phuong trinh:
D
c
+ D
a1
+ D
a2
= Z
a1
+ Z
a2


Trong d:
D
c
: luc nn trong b tng.
D
a1
: luc nn trong cnh trn ca bn thp.
D
a2
: luc nn trong phn bung ca bn thp.
Z
a1
: luc ko trong cnh dui ca bn thp.
:D
&+
:#
"
a
&3
&D
&2 &+
&C &3
!
F#3
E#2
E#3
)*
F+
)+
F#2
!;


31
Z
a2
: luc ko trong phn bung ca bn thp.
Vi:
D
c
= bd
o
R
c

D
a1
= n
2
.b
2
.t.R
s

D
a2
= 2n
2
.t.
a
-
sin
' y d
a
.R
s

Z
a1
= n
1
.b
1
.t.R
s

Z
a2
= 2n
1
.t.
a sin
' y
.R
s

Thay vo ta c phuong trinh:
bd
o
R
c
+ n
2
.b
2
.t.R
s
+ 2n
2
.t.
a
-
sin
' y d
a
.R
s
= n
1
.b
1
.t.R
s
+ 2n
1
.t.
a sin
' y
.R
s


a
+
sin
) n n ( 2
2 1
R
s
ty' = R
c
bd
o
+ (n
2
b
2
- n
1
b
1
+ 2n
2
a sin
d
a
)R
s
t
y' =
t R ) n n ( 2
sin bd R t )R d 2n )sin b n - b ((n
s 2 1
o c s a 2 1 1 2 2
+
a + + a

y = h - y'
Kh nng chiu luc ca tit din duoc tinh theo cng thc:
[M] = D
c
.
2
y
+ D
a1
.(h
a
- y') + D
a2
.
2
' y d
a
-
+ Z
a1
y' + Z
a2
2
' y

iu kin kim tra:
M < [M]
* Xt tit din trn gi, th dui chiu nn, th trn chiu ko.
tng kh nng chiu mmen m ca bn, tai gi c tng cung thm ct thp
trn. Trong trung hop ny, ngoi cc gi thit trn, ta s dung thm mt gi thit
na trong tinh ton:
+ Tinh ti su lm vic chiu nn ca ton b b tng nm trong vng sng thp vi
moi vi tri ca truc trung ho.
- Trung hop 1: R
r
A
r
< R
s
A
s
truc trung ho di qua phn sng thp.
Biu d ng sut nhu trong hinh:
"
:#
E-
E#3
E#2
:D
!
)*
F+
)+
"D
F#2
F#3
)-
a
&2
&D
&+ &+
&C &3 &3
)*


32
Vi tri truc trung tm tit din duoc xc dinh t phuong trinh:
D
a1
+ D
a2
+ D
c
= Z
a1
+ Z
a2
+ Z
r
Trong d:
D
c
: luc nn trong b tng.
D
a1
: luc nn trong cnh dui ca bn thp.
D
a2
: luc nn trong phn bung ca bn thp.
Z
a1
: luc ko trong cnh trn ca bn thp.
Z
a2
: luc ko trong phn bung ca bn thp.
Z
r
: luc ko trong ct thp ca bn.
Vi:
D
c
= bbyR
c

D
a1
= n
1
.b
1
.t.R
s

D
a2
= 2.n
1
.t.
a sin
y
.R
s

Z
r
= R
r
A
r
Z
a1
= n
2
.b
2
.t.R
s

Z
a2
= 2.n
2
.t.
a
-
sin
y d
a
.R
s

Trong d:
R
s
: cung d thp bn.
R
r
: cung d ct thp trn chiu ko.
R
c
: cung d chiu nn ca b tng.
A
s
: din tich thp.
A
r
: din tich ct thp trn chiu ko.
b: chiu rng ca bn, b = 1 m = 100 cm.
t: chiu dy tm thp.
n
1
: s sng thp trong vng chiu nn.
n
2
: s sng thp trong vng chiu ko.
b
1
, b
2
: chiu rng sng thp dui v sng thp trn.
b =
o
ort
b
b

b
ort
=
2
b b
u 1
+

b
o
: buc sng thp.


33
b
u
: khong cch gia hai sng thp trn.
Thay vo ta c phuong trinh:
bbyR
c
+ n
1
.b
1
.t.R
s
+ 2.n
1
.t.
a sin
y
.R
s
= R
r
A
r
+ n
2
.b
2
.t.R
s
+ 2.n
2
.t.
a
-
sin
y d
a
.R
s

(
a
+
sin
t R ) n n ( 2
s 2 1
+ bbR
c
)y = (n
2
b
2
- n
1
b
1
+
a sin
d 2n
a 2
)R
s
t + R
r
A
r

y =
a b + +
a + + a -
sin bR t R ) n n ( 2
sin A R t R ) d n 2 sin ) b n b n ((
c s 2 1
r r s a 2 1 1 2 2

Kh nng chiu luc ca tit din duoc tinh theo cng thc:
[M] = D
c
.
2
y
+ D
a1
.y + D
a2
.
2
y
+ Z
r
(h
o
- y) + Z
a1
. (d
a
- y) + Z
a2
.
2
y d
a
-

iu kin kim tra:
M < [M]
- Trung hop 2: R
r
A
r
> R
s
A
s
truc trung ho di qua phn bn b tng.
Biu d ng sut nhu trong hinh:
Vi tri truc trung tm tit din duoc xc dinh t phuong trinh:
D
a1
+ D
a2
+ D
a3
+ D
c1
+ D
c2
= Z
r
Trong d:
D
c1
: luc nn trong b tng nm trong phn sng thp.
D
c2
: luc nn trong b tng nm ngoi phn sng thp.
D
a1
: luc nn trong cnh dui ca bn thp.
D
a2
: luc nn trong cnh trn ca bn thp.
D
a2
: luc nn trong phn bung ca bn thp.
Z
r
: luc ko trong ct thp ca bn.
Vi:
D
c1
= bbyR
c

a
:#
&+ &2
&D
&+
!
"
:D
&3 &C &3
)*
F#A
)+
F+2
F#2
"D
E- )-
F#3
F+3


34
D
c2
= b(y - d
a
)R
c

D
a1
= n
1
.b
1
.t.R
s

D
a2
= n
2
.b
2
.t.R
s

D
a3
= (n
1
+ n
2
).t.
a sin
d
a
.R
s

Z
r
= R
r
A
r
Thay vo ta c phuong trinh:
bbyR
c
+ b(y - d
a
)R
c
+ n
1
b
1
tR
s
+ n
2
b
2
tR
s
+ (n
1
+ n
2
)t
a sin
d
a
R
s
= R
r
A
r

R
c
by = (n
1
b
1
+ n
2
b
2
+
a
+
sin
)d n (n
a 2 1
)R
s
t + R
r
A
r

y =
a
a b - + a + + + a +
sin bR
sin ) 1 ( bd R sin A R t R ) d ) n n ( sin ) b n b n ((
c
a c r r s a 2 1 2 2 1 1

Kh nng chiu luc ca tit din duoc tinh theo cng thc:
[M] = D
c1
2
y
+ D
c2
2
d y
a
-
+ D
a1
.y + D
a2
.(y - d
a
) + D
a3
(y -
2
d
a
) + Z
r
(h
o
- y)
iu kin kim tra:
M < [M]