Cha Keo (Thi Bnh)

Cha Keo (Thn Quang t)

Gc chung cha V tr Quc gia Vit Nam x Duy Nht, huyn V Th, tnh Thi a ch Bnh Thng tin Khi lp 1630 Ch :Pht gio Cha Keo (tn ch: Thn Quang t ) l mt ngi cha x Duy Nht, huyn V Th, tnh Thi Bnh, Vit Nam. y l mt trong nhng ngi cha c Vit Nam c bo tn hu nh cn nguyn vn kin trc 400 nm tui.

Ngun gc
Tng truyn, nguyn thy cha do Thin s Dng Khng L xy dng ven sng Hng t nm 1061 di thi L Thnh Tng, ti hng Giao Thy, ph H Thanh (nay thuc huyn Giao

Thy, tnh Nam nh). Ban u, cha c tn l Nghim Quang t, n nm 1167 mi i thnh Thn Quang t. V Giao Thy c tn Nm l Keo, nn ngi cha ny cng c gi l cha Keo. Sau gn 500 nm tn ti, nm 1611, nc sng Hng ln to, lm ngp lng Giao Thy, ni c cha. Mt b phn dn c di i ni khc, lp thnh lng Hnh Thin, xy dng nn ngi cha Keo mi, thng c gi l cha Keo Di (Keo H) hay cha Keo Hnh Thin (nay x Xun Hng, huyn Xun Trng, Nam nh). Mt b phn dn c di sang t ngn sng Hng, lp lng Dng Nhu trn t Thi Bnh v cng dng ln mt ngi cha, gi l cha Keo Trn (Keo Thng), chnh l ngi cha Keo ang ni ti y. Cng vic xy dng ngi cha Keo Thng c bt u t nm 1630 v hon thnh vo nm 1632 theo phong cch kin trc thi L, nh s vn ng ca b Li Th Ngc, v Tun Th hu Hong Nhn Dng v ng Cung Vng phi Trnh Th Ngc Th. Cha do Cng Dng hu Nguyn Vn Tr v kiu, phng theo kin trc ca cha Keo Hnh Thin. Sau khi xy dng xong, cha c trng tu nhiu ln, vo cc nm 1689, 1707, 1941... Ln trng tu nm 1941, c s gip ca Trng Vin ng Bc C Php.

Kin trc
Vn bia v a b cha Keo cn ghi li din tch ton khu kin trc cha rng khong 58.000 m, gm nhiu ngi nh lm thnh nhng cm kin trc khc nhau. Hin nay ton b kin trc cha cn li 17 cng trnh gm 128 gian xy dng theo kiu "Ni cng ngoi quc". T ct c bng g ch thng tp cao 25 m ngoi cng, i qua mt sn lt , khch s n tam quan ngoi, h sen, tam quan ni vi b cnh ca, cao 2 m, rng 2,6 m, chm mt rng vi rng m v rng con, chu mt nguyt. Nu i cnh ca cha Ph Minh tiu biu cho kin trc i nh Trn th i cnh ca cha Keo tiu biu cho kin trc i nh L. Qua tam quan, i tip vo cha, gp hai bn 24 gian hnh lang l khch hnh hng sm l vo Cha l Pht v l Thnh. i n phn cha th Pht, gm ba ngi nh ni vo nhau. Ngi nh ngoi, gi l cha H, ngi nh gia gi l ng mung v ngi nh trong l Pht in. c bit y c tng Thch Ca nhp Nit bn, tng B Tt Quan m Chun t gia tng Vn Th B Tt v Ph Hin B Tt. Ton b khu th Pht ca Cha Keo c gn 100 pho tng. Cha ngoi th Pht, cn th Khng L - L Quc S. Ton b cng trnh u lm bng g lim v l ni c cc ngh nhn iu khc thi nh Hu L chm khc rt tinh xo. Sau khu th Pht l khu th thnh. Ti hi cha Keo, sau khi c nhng nghi l nh mi hi cha khc, th din ra tr chi ko na ly la, nu xi, nu ch v nu cm chay mang cng Thnh. Pha ngoi c mt ging nc. Thnh ging xp bng 36 ci thng tng dng gi go nui th xy cha t xa.

ng k v tiu biu nht y l kin trc ta gc chung cha Keo. Gc chung cha Keo l mt kin trc p, cao 11,04 m, c 3 tng mi,kt cu bng nhng con sn chng ln nhau. B khung gc chung lm bng g lin kt vi nhau bng mng, nng bng 12 mi ngi vi 12 ao loan un cong dng v thanh thot, nh nhng. Gc chung c dng trn mt nn gch xy vung vn. tng mt c treo mt khnh cao 1,20 m. Tng hai c qu chung ng ln c nm 1686 cao 1,30 m, ng knh 1 m. Hai qu chung nh treo tng ba v tng thng cao 0,62 m, ng knh 0,69 m u c c nm 1796. Hai hnh lang chy di t cha H ni vi nh t v nh trai st gc chung, bao quanh ton b cha. n thm cha, ta c th nhn thy nhng th qu gi tng truyn l dng ca Thin s Khng L nh b trng ht bng ng, mt bnh vi to v ba v c lng lnh nh dt vng m tng truyn rng chnh do Khng L nht c thu cn lm ngh nh c v gi lm chn ung nc trong nhng nm thng tu hnh. Tri qua gn 400 nm tu b, tn to, cha Keo vn gi nguyn bn sc kin trc c o ca mnh. Gc chung vi b mi kt cu gn 100 n u voi l vin ngc qu trong gia ti kin trc Vit Nam. B cnh ca chm rng l b ca c o ca c nc. Cha cn bo lu c hng trm tng Php v t thi L. C th ni Cha Keo l mt bo tng ngh thut u th k 17, vi nhiu kit tc c sc. Hng nm vo ngy mng 4 thng ging m lch, nhn dn lng Keo li m hi xun ngay ngi cha mang tn lng. Hn chn thng sau, vo cc ngy 13, 14, 15 thng 9 m lch, cha Keo li m hi ma thu. y l hi chnh, k nim 100 ngy Thin s Khng L (1016-1094), ngi sng lp ngi cha, qua i (ngy 3 thng 6 m lch). Trong ngy hi, ngi ta t chc l rc kiu, hng n, long nh, thuyn rng v tiu nh. Trong cha th c cuc thi din xng v ti lc cng: hng, ng, hoa, tr, qu, thc, tht sinh ng.

C cu ca dao v hi cha Keo: D cho cha nh m treo, Em khng b hi cha Keo hm rm.