B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.H CH MINH

KHOA CNG NGH IN T

N 1
TI:

IU KHIN QUT THEO

NHIT
GVHD: PHM QUANG TR
SVTH: NGUYN XUN KIN

MSSV: 09194701

V NG QUYT
LP:

09092651

DHDT5A
Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 03 nm 2012

NHN XT CA GING VIN

(CA GIO VIN HNG DN)
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NHN XT
(GIO VIN PHN BIN)
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LI NI U
K thut vi iu khin hin nay rt pht trin, n c ng dng vo rt nhiu lnh vc
sn xut cng nghip, t ng ha, trong i sng v cn nhiu lnh vc khc na. so vi
k thut s th k thun vi iu khin nh gn hn rt nhiu do n c tch hp li v c
kh nng lp trnh c iu khin. Nn rt tin dng v c ng. Vi tnh u vit ca
vi iu khin th trong phm vi n nh ny, em ch dng vdk o nhit mi
trng thng qua khiu khin qut ng thi hin th trn LCD.
Mc ch ca ti hng n: to ra bc u cho sinh vin th nghim nhng ng
dng ca vdk trong thc tin ri t tm ti, pht trin nhiu ng dng khc trong
i sng hng ngy cn n.
Vic thc hin xong n mn hc bng cc kin thc hc, mt s sch tham kho
v mt s ngun ti liu khc nhu nn khng trnh khi nhng thit st. V vy nhm
rt mong c s gp ca thy c v cc bn.

LI CM N
Trong qu trnh thc hin n, nh s gip , ch bo ca cc thy c trong khoa v
gio vin hng dn,nhm hon thnh c phn n ca mnh. Nhng khc mc
trong qu trnh lm n, chng em c cc thy c phn tch v hng dn gii p
c th. Chng em chn thnh cm s hng dn tn tnh ca cc thy c trong khoa. Tuy
nhin, s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, mong cc thy c ng gp v b sung cho
n ca chng em hon chnh hn. Nhm xin chn thnh cm n.

PH LC
LI M U

TRANG

CHNG 1: TNG QUT THIT K PHN CNG N ................... 1

CHNG 2: S NGUYN L................................................................ 2
CHNG 3: LP TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN ........................................ 3
3.1 S GII THUT ................................................................................ 3
3.2 CODE LP TRNH.................................................................................... 6
CHNG 4: CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH .... 11
4.1 QUT IN............................................................................................... 11
4.1.1 Cu To.................................................................................................... 11
4.1.2 Nguyn L Hot ng ............................................................................ 11
4.2 CM BIN NHIT .................................................................................... 11
4.2.1 Nguyn L Hot ng Chng Ca Ic Nhit ....................................... 12
4.2.2 c Tnh Ca Lm35 ................................................................................ 12
4.3 KHI LCD ................................................................................................. 13
4.4 KHI NGUN ........................................................................................... 15
4.5 KHI X L TRUNG TM .................................................................... 15
4.5.1 S Khi Pic16F877a .......................................................................... 15
4.5.2 Cc Thng S Chung Ca Pic16f877a .................................................... 17
4.5.3 ADC ......................................................................................................... 18
4.6 NI DUNG CHI TIT CA S KHI.............................................. 22
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................ 23

CHNG 1: TNG QUT THIT K PHN CNG CHO N

6

CM BIN

QUT

NGUN 220V

KHI X L TRUNG
TM

LCD

PIC16F877A

KHI NGUN

CHNG 2: S NGUYN L

Cc vi mach chnh v linh kin chi tit c s dng trong n ny:

Trong khi cn bin c LM35

Trong khi lcd,s dng lcd LM16 02x16
Trong khi ng c ac s sng qut din
Trong khi s x trung tm : PIC16F877A
Khi ngun s dng my biens p loi nh 220V
Ngoi ra cc linh kin chi tit thng dng l 3 in tr 1k,4 in tr 10k,;3
transistor C1815;3 led;3 realay loi 5 chn(12V);4 nt nhn;v cc t in
S MCH IN
8

CHNG 3 LP TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN

3.1.S GII THUT
BT U

KHI TO C
TRNH CON
(init_PORTX;init_ad
c;disp_lcd;read_adc)

KHAI BO
BIN V C
TR CON

Disp_lcd

NG
BUT0==0

SAI

10

PORTC = 0X00

NG
BUT1==0

PORTC=0X01

SSAI

BUT2==0

NG

PORTC=0X02

SAI

BUT3==0

NG

PORTC=0X04

SAI

TEMP>=30

SAI
B

11

NG

PORTC=0X04

TEMP>=25

NG

PORTC=0X02

SAI

TEMP>=20

SAI

NG
PORTC=0X00

KT THC

12

NG

PORTC=0X01

3.2. CODE CHNG TRNH

Code chng trnh chnh:

//CHUONG TRINH DIEU KHIEN QUAT THEO NHIET DO
//Khai bao thu vien
#include<htc.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include "lcd.h"
//Cau hinh he thong
__CONFIG(HS & WDTDIS & PWRTEN & UNPROTECT & BORDIS &
LVPDIS);
#define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000
#define BUT0 RB0
#define BUT1 RB1
#define BUT2 RB2
#define BUT3 RB3
//Chuong trinh con va hang toan cuc
void init_PORTX(void)
{
PORTC = 0X00;
TRISC = 0X00;
TRISB0 =1;
TRISB1 =1;
13

TRISB2 = 1;
TRISB3=1;
}
unsigned char Read_ADC();
{
unsigned char ADC_result;
__delay_us(5);
GODONE = 1;
while(GODONE);
return (ADRESH<<8)|ADRESL;
}
void init_adc(void)
{
ADCON1 = 0;
ADFM = 1;
ADCON0 = 0;
ADCS0 = 1;
ADCS1 =1;
CHS0 = 1;
CHS1 = 1;
ADON = 1;
}

14

void disp_lcd(unsigned char temp)

{
lcd_gotoxy(4,1);
lcd_putc(temp/10+48);
lcd_gotoxy(5,1);
lcd_putc(temp % 10 + 48);
__delay_ms(100);
__delay_ms(100);
__delay_ms(100);
}
//chuong trinh chinh
void main(void)
{
unsigned int i,j,k,value,temp;

init_PORTX();
lcd_init();
lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_puts("IN1=00 C");
init_adc();

15

while(1)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_puts("TEMPEARRURE");
value = Read_ADC();
temp = (value)*0.488;
disp_lcd(temp);

if(temp >= 30)

{
PORTC = 0X04;
}
else if(temp>=25)
{
PORTC = 0X02;
}
else if(temp>=20)
{
PORTC = 0X01;
}
else
PORTC = 0;
if(BUT0==0)
PORTC =0x00;
16

if(BUT1==0)
PORTC = 0X01;
if(BUT2==0)
PORTC = 0X02;
if(BUT3==0)
PORTC = 0X04;
}
}

17

CHNG 4:
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA TNG VI MCH
4.1.QUT IN
4.1.1. C u t o .
-Stato: Phn c nh cu to bi cc l st t mng ghp li vi nhau to
thnhmch t c cc rnh thng. Trn Stato c cun chy v cun c lch nhau mt
gc 90
.-Roto: l phn quay
4.1.2.Nguyn l hot ng
Khi cho dng in vo qut th t trng to bi hai cun chy v cun hp thnht
trng quay nh s lch pha ga hai dng in trong hai cun. T trng quay nytc
ng ln roto lm pht sinh dng in ng chy trong roto.Dng in ng di tc dng
ca t trng quay tao ra moment quay lm quay rototheo chiu t trng quay.Tc
quay ca qut c xc nh:
n=60f/p
Trong :f: tn s dng in ca ngun in.
P: S cp cc t
Tc qut c tang dn nh 3 cun s vi s vng ln lt khc nhau. S vng cng
tng th tc qut cng mnh. Thng thng th c 3 cun s trong b iu khin tc
qut l cun s 1,2,3. Vi s vng dy ln lt tng dn.cun s 1 cho ng c qut quay
ch thp nht,cun s 3 cho qut quay tc cao nht
Ngun cung cp cho qut hot ng c l ngun xoay chiu 220v.
Trong ng dung ny my qut hot ng c th ta dng 3 relay(loi 5 chn) mc
tng ng cho 3 cun s tng ng ca qut. khi mt trong 3 con relay nhn c tn
hiu t cc chn ng ra t pic 16F877A th relay tng ng s ly ngun t khi ngun l
220v cung cp cho qut hot ng vi tc tng ng da trn cun s .

18

4.2.CM BIN NHIT LM35

4.2.1.Nguyn l hot ng chung ca IC nhit .
IC o nhit l mt mch tch hp nhn tn hiu nhit chuyn thnh tn hiu in
di dng dng in hay in p. Da vo c tnh rt nhy ca cc bn dn vi nhit ,
to ra in p hoc dng in t l cn o. S tc ng ca nhit to ra in tch t do
v cc l trng trong cht bn dn. bng s ph v cc phn t, bt cc electron thnh
dng t do di chuyn qua vng cu trc mng tinh th to s xut hin ca cc l trng.
lm cho t l in t t do v l trng tng ln theo quy lut hm m vi nhit .
4.2.2..c tnh ca LM35(xem hnh minh ha bn di)

n v o trc tip l celcius(centigrade)

H s t l tuyn tnh l 10.0 mV/C
S bo m chnh xc l 0.5C(ti +25C)
Dy hot ng t 55 ti +150C
Thch hp cho cc ng dng iu khin
Hot ng c 4v ti 30v
Dng cp vo < 60 A

Hnh 1

hnh 2

Trong hnh trn ta thy chn s 1 l chn ngun,chn 3 l chn mass, chn2 l chn a
ra tn hiu ra cung cp cho chn RA3(AN3) ca PIC 16F877A
Vai tr ca LM35 trong ng dng ny l o nhit bn ngoi mi trng ri gi cho
cng AN3 ca vi iu khin.

19

 LM35 hot ng c th ta kt ni cc chn tng ng nh hnh 2. Vi chn 1(Vs)

ni vi ngun 5v. chn 3(GND) ni mc 0v. v cui cng l chn 2 ni vi pin
RA3(AN3)
4.3.KHI LCD

Chc nng cc chn ca modul LCD(16x2)

20

c tnh chung:
Ngun cung cp 5v(hoc 3v)
Chu k bn phn 1/16
21

B/L c iu khin bi pin1, pin2, hay pin 15, pin16 hay A.K(LED)
Da vo bng datasheet trn ta c kiu kt ni cho LCD nh sau:
Chn 1, chn 16 ni mass
Chn 2, chn 15 ni ngun 5v
Chn 3 ni bin tr 10k dng ty chnh nh sng mn hnh
Chn 4(RS) la chn thanh ghi lnh hay thanh ghi d liu, chn 5(R/W) ghi vo LCD
module hay c t lcd module. , chn 6(E) tn hiu cho php LCD hot ng. C 3 chn
ny c ni vi 3 pin ca port D(RD1-RD3)
Cc chn 11-chn 14 l cc chn ng d liu c ni vi cc pin ca port D l RD4RD7 vi vai tr l truyn v nhn d liu gia khi LCD v khi x l trung tm.
4.4. KHI NGUN
My bin p
4.5. KHI X L TRUNG TM(PIC16F877A)
4.5.1 S khipic 16F877A

22

23

4.5.2 Cc Thng S Chung Ca Pic 16f877a

ay la vi ieu khien thuoc ho PIC16Fxxx vi tap lenh gom 35 lenh
co o dai 14 bit.
Moi lenh eu c thc thi trong mot chu k xung clock. Toc o hoat
ong toi a cho phep la20 MHz vi mot chu k lenh la 200ns. Bo nh
chng trnh 8Kx14 bit, bo nh d lieu 368x8byte RAM va bo nh d
lieu EEPROM vi dung lng 256x8 byte. So PORT I/O la 5 vi 33pin I/O.
Cac ac tnh ngoai vi bao gomcac khoi chc nang sau:
Timer0: bo em 8 bit vi bo chia tan so 8 bit.
Timer1: bo em 16 bit vi bo chia tan so, co the thc hien chc
nang em da vao
xung clock ngoai vi ngay khi vi ieu khien hoat ong che o sleep.
Timer2: bo em 8 bit vi bo chia tan so, bo postcaler.
Hai bo Capture/so sanh/ieu che o rong xung.
Cac chuan giao tiep noi tiep SSP (Synchronous Serial Port), SPI va I2C.
Chuan giao tiep noi tiep USART vi 9 bit a ch.
Cong giao tiep song song PSP (Parallel Slave Port) vi cac chan ieu
khien RD, WR,
24

CS ben ngoai.
Cac ac tnh Analog:
8 kenh chuyen oi ADC 10 bit.
Hai bo so sanh.
Ben canh o la mot vai ac tnh khac cua vi ieu khien nh:
Bo nh flash vi kha nang ghi xoa c 100.000 lan.
Bo nh EEPROM vi kha nang ghi xoa c 1.000.000 lan.
D lieu bo nh EEPROM co the lu tr tren 40 nam.
Kha nang t nap chng trnh vi s ieu khien cua phan mem.
Nap c chng trnh ngay tren mach ien ICSP (In Circuit Serial
Programming)
thong qua 2 chan.
Watchdog Timer vi bo dao ong trong.
Chc nang bao mat ma chng trnh.
Che o Sleep.
Co the hoat ong vi nhieu dang Oscillator khac nhau.
4.5.3 ADC
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) la bo chuyen oi tn hieu gia hai
dang tng t va so.
PIC16F877A co 8 ngo vao analog (RA4:RA0 va RE2:RE0). Hieu ien
the chuan VREF co the c la chon la VDD, VSS hay hieu ien
the chuan c xac lap tren hai chan RA2 va RA3.
Ket qua chuyen oi t tn tieu tng t sang tn hieu so la 10 bit so
tng ng va c lu trong hai thanh ghi ADRESH:ADRESL. Khi khong
s dung bo chuyen oi ADC, cac thanh ghi nay co the c s
dung nh cac thanh ghi thong thng khac. Khi qua trnh chuyen oi
hoan tat, ket qua se c lu vao hai thanh ghi ADRESH:ADRESL, bit
(ADCON0<2>) c xoa ve 0 va c ngat ADIF c set.
Qui trnh chuyen oi t tng t sang so bao gom cac bc sau:
1. Thiet lap cac thong so cho bo chuyen oi ADC:
Chon ngo vao analog, chon ien ap mau (da tren cac thong so
cua thanh ghi
ADCON1)
Chonh kenh chuyen oi AD (thanh ghi ADCON0).
Chonh xung clock cho kenh chuyen oi AD (thanh ghi ADCON0).
Cho phep bo chuyen oi AD hoat ong (thanh ghi ADCON0).
2. Thiet lap cac c ngat cho bo AD
Clear bit ADIF.
Set bit ADIE.
Set bit PEIE.
25

Set bit GIE.

3. i cho ti khi qua trnh lay mau hoan tat.
4. Bat au qua trnh chuyen oi (set bit ).
5. i cho ti khi qua trnh chuyen oi hoan tat bang cach:
Kiem tra bit GO/DONE . Neu GO/DONE =0, qua trnh chuyen oi a
hoan tat.
Kiem tra c ngat.
6. oc ket qua chuyen oi va xoa c ngat, set bit (neu can tiep
tuc chuyen
oi).
7. Tiep tuc thc hien cac bc 1 va 2 cho qua trnh chuyen oi tiep
theo.
Hnh 3

Hnh 3 S o khoi bo chuyen oi ADC.

26

Can chu y la co hai cach lu ket qua chuyen oi AD, viec la chon
cach lu c ieu khien
bi bit ADFM va c minh hoa cu the trong hnh sau:

Hnh 4 Cac cach lu ket qua chuyen oi AD.

Cac thanh ghi lien quan en bo chuyen oi ADC bao gom:
INTCON (a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho phep cac ngat (cac bit GIE,
PEIE).
PIR1 (a ch 0Ch): cha c ngat AD (bit ADIF).
PIE1 (a ch 8Ch): cha bit ieu khien AD (ADIE).
ADRESH (a ch 1Eh) va ADRESL (a ch 9Eh): cac thanh ghi cha
ket qua chuyen
oi AD.
ADCON0 (a ch 1Fh) va ADCON1 (a ch 9Fh): xac lap cac thong
so cho bo
chuyen oi AD.
PORTA (a ch 05h) va TRISA (a ch 85h): lien quan en cac ngo
vao analog
PORTA.
PORTE (a ch 09h) va TRISE (a ch 89h): lien quan en cac ngo
vao analog
PORTE.
4.6 NI DUNG CHI TIT CA S KHI

27

 cp tn hiu cho ng c qut hot ng th ta dng 3 transistor C1815(thng dng)

mc theo kiu CE(khuch i dng v p nhung cho tin hiu ra ngc pha) nhm tng
dng v p t tin hiu nhn c ca cc pin ca PORTC ln nhiu ln cung cp
cho relay hot ng n nh.do dng ca cac pin ca cc PORT l tng i thp khong
20-25mA.ln phi dng mch khuch i kiu CE ny.

Trong mch khuch ai kiu CE ny th ta mc thm mt diode cc C ca C1815 nhm

ch cho tn hiu mt chiu v ln hn 5v i qua ri t cp tn hiu cho relay hot
ng. bn cnh mc relay cc C th ta cn mc thm song song mt in tr 1k ni tip
vi LED nhn bit tn hiu mc cao xut hin mi con relay.

28

Ngoi ra trong vi mch ny ta mc thm cc nt nhn tng ng vi cc pin ca PORTB

nhm iu khin qut ch bng tay. Cc nt nhn ny, mt u c mc xung
mass, mt u c mc vi in tr ri ko ln ngun 5v ng thi kt ni vi cc pin
ca PORTB tng ng l RB0-RB3.khi cc nt nhn c nhn tng ng th tc ca
qut cng thay i tng ng.

29

KT LUN
Trong qu trnh lm n chng em vn cn mc nhiu thiu st, l cha tnh
ton gi tr chnh xc ca cc linh kin trong n, cha tnh ton c chnh xc kch
thc ca bng mch cn dng m hu ht ch c chng v phng on. ngoi ra
chng em cng cha hiu r nhiu v s khi v cu to ca vi iu khin 16F877A
v nguyn l hot ng ca qut in, nhng b li sau khi lm xong n ny chng
em rt ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim qu bu, b ch lm tt cho nhng n ln sau.

30

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cc bi thc hnh trong Th nghim VI X L(PHM QUANG TR)

DATASHEET LM35
DATASHEET LCD-016M002B
PIC16F87XA.DATA SHEET.
PICmicro.Mid-Range MCU FamilyReference Manual

31