MN HC MNG S LiU

HC CH TN CH

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Bi ging mn mng s liu

NI DUNG MN HC
Chng 1: Tng quan v mng s liu v m hnh OSI Chng 2: M hnh phn lp TCP/IP Chng 3: Cc phng php truy nhp knh truyn Chng 4: Cc giao thc cho mng LAN

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Bi ging mn mng s liu

Ti liu tham kho

H Anh Phong, Mng my tnh, Nh xut bn Thng k C s k thut truyn s liu, Dr. K.V. Prasad - ISBN:1584503297, Principles of

Digital Communication Systems and Computer Networks William Stallings, Data and Computer Communications 5th, Prentice Hall E.Bryan Carne, A Professionals Guide to Data Communication in a TCP/IP World

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CHNG 1

Tng quan v mng s liu v m hnh OSI (5 tit)

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Ni dung chng 1 (5 tit)

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
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Tng quan v mng s liu Phn loi mng s liu Khi nim m hnh phn lp M hnh phn lp tham chiu OSI Gii thiu m hnh phn lp TCP/IP
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Ni dung chng 1 (5 tit)

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
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Tng quan v mng s liu Phn loi mng s liu Khi nim m hnh phn lp M hnh phn lp tham chiu OSI Gii thiu m hnh phn lp TCP/IP

Bi ging mn mng s liu

Tng quan v mng s liu

Cc ng dng ca mng s liu
Truyn files. In n. Truy xut, cp nht c s d liu. Duyt web. Gi th in t Gim st, iu khin t xa. iu khin my mc cng nghip, Robot. Lu tr thng tin.

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Bi ging mn mng s liu

S truyn d liu gia cc my tnh

Computer A AP User-to-user Communication Computer B AP

Phn h TSL

Computer - to - computer Communication Computer - to - network Communication

Phn h TSL

Mng truyn s liu (mi trng)

AP(Application process) = trnh ng dng
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Tng quan v mng s liu

Cc vn c bn ca truyn s liu:
ng dng ca mng. Cc giao thc. Mi trng truyn dn.

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Bi ging mn mng s liu

Ni dung chng 1 (5 tit)

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
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Tng quan v mng s liu Phn loi mng s liu Khi nim m hnh phn lp M hnh phn lp tham chiu OSI Gii thiu m hnh phn lp TCP/IP
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Phn loi mng s liu

C nhiu cch phn loi Cch ph bin nht: theo phm vi a l
Mng LAN (Local area network) Mng MAN (Metro area network) Mng WAN (Wide area network)

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11

LAN
Cn gi l: mng cc b, L mng t nhn trong
mt to nh, mt khu vc (trng hc hay c quan chng hn) c c chng vi km.

Chng ni
cc my ch v cc my trm trong cc vn phng v nh my chia s ti nguyn v trao i thng tin.
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LAN: cc c im
Gii hn v tm c phm vi hot ng t vi mt cho n 1 km K thut n gin:
ch c mt ng dy cp ni tt c my. Vn tc truyn d liu thng thng l 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, v gn y l 10 Gbps.

Ba kin trc mng kiu LAN thng dng bao gm:

Mng Bus (mng tuyn tnh) Mng Ring (mng vng) Mng Star (mng sao) Ngoi ra cn c cc cu hnh m rng

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LAN: Cu hnh Bus

Mi trng dng chung cho tt c cc nt Cn c kt cui cp u im:
Chi ph thp D dng m rng Hot ng n nh

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LAN: Cu hnh Ring

Cc nude mng to ra mt vng lin tc. Ch c mt tn hiu tn ti ti mt thi im bt k. Vng kp c th c s dng tng tin cy ca h thng.

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15

Cu hnh Ring (vt l)

NIC l mt b lp, cc tn hiu ca mng khi i qua cc NIC u c lp, tr khi NIC l ch.

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16

LAN: Cu hnh Sao

Cc ny mng c kt ni vi mt thit b trung tm gi l Hub. Hub c th c gi l:
Wiring hub Wiring center Concentrator Swithching hub Multiport Repeater
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LAN: Cu hnh m rng- Cy

T chc thnh mt mng ln t cc mng con. Nhc im: mi on nhnh khng dn n ton mng

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18

LAN: Cc cu hnh m rng

Star-wired ring: cu hnh vt l nh mt mng hnh sao nhng hot ng nh cu hnh ring.

Star-wired bus : cu hnh vt l nh mt mng hnh sao nhng hot ng nh cu hnh Bus.

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MAN
Cn gi l "mng th", L mng c c ln hn LAN,
phm vi vi km.

C th bao gm
nhm cc vn phng gn nhau trong thnh ph,

C th l cng cng hay t nhn

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20

MAN: cc c im
Ch c ti a hai dy cp ni. Khng dng cc k thut chuyn mch. C th h tr chung
Truyn d liu, thoi, truyn hnh. C th dng k thut cp quang truyn tn hiu. Tc c hin nay th t n 10 Gbps.

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21

WAN
Cn gi l "mng din rng", Dng trong vng a l ln:
Thng cho quc gia hay c lc a, Phm vi vi trm cho n vi ngn km.

WAN bao gm tp hp cc my nhm chy cc chng trnh cho ngi dng.

Cc my ny thng gi l my lu tr(host) hay cn c tn l my ch, my u cui (end system). Cc my chnh c ni nhau bi cc mng con (subnet). Nhim v ca mng con l chuyn ti cc cc bn tin t my ch ny sang my ch khc.

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22

WAN: mng con

Mng con thng c hai thnh phn chnh:
Mi trng truyn d liu, cn c gi l: mch (circuit), knh (channel), hay ng trung k (trunk). Cc thit b chuyn mch.

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WAN
Thit b chuyn mch: l loi my tnh c bit
Dng ni hai hay nhiu ng trung chuyn nhm truyn d liu gia cc my. Khi d liu n trong cc u vo,
Thit b ni chuyn ny phi chn (theo thut ton nh) mt u ra gi d liu i.

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WAN
Tn gi ca thit b chuyn mch:
Nt chuyn mch gi (packet switching node) hay h thng trung chuyn (intermediate system).

My tnh dng cho vic chuyn mch gi l

"b chn ng" hay "b nh tuyn" (router).

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WAN
Hu ht cc WAN bao gm nhiu ng truyn
Mi ng nh vy ni vi mt cp b nh tuyn.

Nu hai b nh tuyn khng ni chung ng truyn:

Chng s lin lc nhau bng cch gin tip qua nhiu b nh truyn trung gian khc.

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WAN
Khi b nh tuyn nhn c mt gi d liu:
N s cha gi ny cho n khi ng truyn ra cn cho gi c trng v chuyn gi i.

Trng hp ny ta gi l
Nguyn l mng con im ni im, hay nguyn l mng con lu tr v chuyn tip (store-andforward), hay nguyn l mng con ni chuyn gi.

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WAN: cc cu hnh

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WAN: cc cu hnh

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29

Ni dung chng 1 (5 tit)

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
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Tng quan v mng s liu Phn loi mng s liu Khi nim m hnh phn lp M hnh phn lp tham chiu OSI Gii thiu m hnh phn lp TCP/IP
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Khi nim m hnh phn lp

M hnh phn lp:
L gii mt cch tru tng k thut kt ni truyn thng gia cc my vi tnh Thit k giao thc mng gia chng

Mt m hnh phn lp:

phn chia chc nng ca kt ni truyn thng thnh mt chui cc lp.
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Khi nim m hnh phn lp

Mt h thng ci t cc giao thc:
Bao gm mt chui cc tng c gi l "chng giao thc" (protocol stack).

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Khi nim m hnh phn lp

Chng giao thc c th c ci t trn:
Phn cng, Phn mm, Hoc l t hp ca c hai.

Thng thng:
Ch c nhng tng thp hn l c ci t trong phn cng, Nhng tng khc c ci t trong phn mm.

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Ni dung chng 1 (5 tit)

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
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Tng quan v mng s liu Phn loi mng s liu Khi nim m hnh phn lp M hnh phn lp tham chiu OSI Gii thiu m hnh phn lp TCP/IP
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M hnh OSI
Tn y :
Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model

Ting vit:
M hnh tham chiu kt ni cc h thng m M hnh by tng ca OSI.

vit ngn l:

OSI Model : m hnh OSI hoc OSI Reference Model : m hnh tham kho
OSI
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M hnh OSI
M hnh OSI ny ch c
ngnh cng nghip mng v cng ngh thng tin tn trng mt cch tng i.

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36

M hnh OSI
Tnh nng chnh:
Quy nh v giao din gia cc tng cp, Tc qui nh c t v phng php cc tng lin lc vi nhau.

iu ny c ngha l:
Cho d cc tng cp c son tho v thit k bi cc nh sn xut, hoc cng ty, khc nhau Nhng khi c lp rp li, chng s lm vic mt cch dung ha
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M hnh OSI
M hnh tham chiu OSI l:
Mt cu trc phn lp c 7 tng, Xc nh cc yu cu cho s giao tip gia hai my tnh.

c nh ngha bi
T chc tiu chun ho quc t (International Organization for Standardization) trong tiu chun s 7498-1 (ISO standard 74981).
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M hnh OSI
Mc ch ca m hnh:
cho php s tng giao (interoperability) gia cc h my (platform) a dng c cung cp bi cc nh sn xut khc nhau.

M hnh cho php:

tt c cc thnh phn ca mng hot ng ha ng, bt k thnh phn y do ai to dng.

Vo nhng nm cui thp nin 1980, ISO tin c vic thc thi m hnh OSI nh mt tiu chun mng.

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39

Tng quan m hnh OSI

Application Cc lp ng dng Presentation Session

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40

Tng quan m hnh OSI

Application Cc lp ng dng Presentation Session Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Physical
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Cc lp lung d liu

Tng quan m hnh OSI

ng dng Cc lp ng dng Trnh by Phin lm vic Truyn ti Mng Lin kt d liu Vt l
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Cc lp lung d liu

Vai tr ca cc lp ng dng
ng dng Giao tip ngi dng

Telnet FTP

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Vai tr ca cc lp ng dng
CC V D ng dng Giao tip ngi dng Cch biu din d liu X l c bit nh m ha

Telnet FTP ASCII EBCDIC JPEG

Trnh by

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Vai tr ca cc lp ng dng
CC V D ng dng Giao tip ngi dng Cch biu din d liu X l c bit nh m ha

Telnet FTP ASCII EBCDIC JPEG Operating System/ Application Access Scheduling

Trnh by

m bo s tch bit Phin lm vic d liu ca cc ng dng khc nhau

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Vai tr ca cc lp ng dng
CC V D ng dng Giao tip ngi dng Cch biu din d liu X l c bit nh m ha m bo s tch bit d liu ca cc ng dng khc nhau

Telnet FTP ASCII EBCDIC JPEG Operating System/ Application Access Scheduling

Trnh by

Phin lm vic Truyn ti Mng Lin kt d liu Vt l

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Vai tr ca cc lp lung d liu

CC V D

Vt l

Truyn cc bit gia cc thit b Mc tn hiu, tc truyn, chc nng cc chn

Bi ging mn mng s liu

EIA/TIA-232 V.35
47

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Vai tr ca cc lp lung d liu

CC V D

Lin kt d liu

T hp cc bit thnh cc byte v cc byte thnh cc khung Truy nhp mi trng dng a ch MAC iu khin li Truyn cc bit gia cc thit b Mc tn hiu, tc truyn, chc nng cc chn
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802.3 / 802.2 HDLC EIA/TIA-232 V.35

48

Vt l

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Vai tr ca cc lp lung d liu

CC V D

Mng

Cung cp cc a ch logic cc b nh tuyn tm ng i T hp cc bit thnh cc byte v cc byte thnh cc khung Truy nhp mi trng dng a ch MAC iu khin li Truyn cc bit gia cc thit b Mc tn hiu, tc truyn, chc nng cc chn
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IP IPX 802.3 / 802.2 HDLC EIA/TIA-232 V.35

49

Lin kt d liu

Vt l

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Vai tr ca cc lp lung d liu

CC V D Chuyn pht tin cy v khng tin cy iu khin li Cung cp cc a ch logic cc b nh tuyn tm ng i T hp cc bit thnh cc byte v cc byte thnh cc khung Truy nhp mi trng dng a ch MAC iu khin li Truyn cc bit gia cc thit b Mc tn hiu, tc truyn, chc nng cc chn
Bi ging mn mng s liu

Truyn ti

TCP UDP SPX IP IPX 802.3 / 802.2 HDLC EIA/TIA-232 V.35

50

Mng

Lin kt d liu

Vt l

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Vai tr ca cc lp lung d liu

ng dng Trnh by Phin lm vic

CC V D Chuyn pht tin cy v khng tin cy iu khin li Cung cp cc a ch logic cc b nh tuyn tm ng i T hp cc bit thnh cc byte v cc byte thnh cc khung Truy nhp mi trng dng a ch MAC iu khin li Truyn cc bit gia cc thit b Mc tn hiu, tc truyn, chc nng cc chn
Bi ging mn mng s liu

Truyn ti

TCP UDP SPX IP IPX 802.3 / 802.2 HDLC EIA/TIA-232 V.35

51

Mng

Lin kt d liu

Vt l

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Ni dung chng 1 (5 tit)

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
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Tng quan v mng s liu Phn loi mng s liu Khi nim m hnh phn lp M hnh phn lp tham chiu OSI Gii thiu m hnh phn lp TCP/IP
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M hnh TCP/IP
B giao thc TCP/IP, ngn gn l TCP/IP
ting Anh: Internet protocol suite hoc IP suite, TCP/IP protocol suite b giao thc lin mng,

L mt b cc giao thc truyn thng

Internet v hu ht cc mng my tnh thng mi ang chy trn .

c t tn theo hai giao thc chnh:

TCP (Giao thc iu khin Giao vn) IP (Giao thc Lin mng). l hai giao thc u tin c nh ngha.

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M hnh TCP/IP
Nh m hnh OSI
B giao thc TCP/IP c th c coi l mt tp hp cc tng, mi tng gii quyt mt tp cc vn c lin quan n vic truyn d liu, v cung cp cho cc giao thc tng cp trn mt dch v da trn vic s dng cc dch v ca cc tng thp hn.

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Gii thiu TCP/IP

Host Host

Internet TCP/IP

TCP/IP GN NH L B GIAO THC

LIN MNG PH BIN NHT TRN TON TH GII
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Chng giao thc TCP/IP

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application

4 5

Transport
3

Internet
2

Data Link
1

Physical

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Tng quan lp ng dng

File File Transfer Transfer -- TFTP TFTP * * -- FTP FTP * * -- NFS NFS E-Mail E-Mail -- SMTP SMTP Remote Remote Login Login -- Telnet Telnet * * -- rlogin rlogin * * Network Network Management Management -- SNMP SNMP * * Name Name Management Management -- DNS* DNS* *c s dng bi router
Bi ging mn mng s liu 57

Application

Transport Internet Data Link Physical

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Tng quan lp truyn ti

Transmission Transmission Control Control Protocol Protocol (TCP) (TCP) User User Datagram Datagram Protocol Protocol (UDP) (UDP) Hng kt ni Khng kt ni

Application Transport Internet Data Link Physical

Lp Transport trong m hnh OSI tng ng

vi lp Transport trong m hnh TCP/IP

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Tng quan lp Internet

Internet Internet Protocol Protocol (IP) (IP)
Application Transport Internet Data Link Physical

Internet Internet Control Control Message Message Protocol Protocol (ICMP) (ICMP) Address Address Resolution Resolution Protocol Protocol (ARP) (ARP) Reverse Reverse Address Address Resolution Resolution Protocol Protocol (RARP) (RARP)

Lp network trong m hnh OSI tng ng

vi lp internet trong m hnh TCP/IP

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