1. Cc thnh phn chnh ca mng vin thng, cc cu hnh mng c bn,phn cp mng vin thng? 1.

Cc thnh ph n ca mng vin thng Bao gm phn cng: Thit b u cui Cc h thng chuyn mch Cc thit b truyn dn

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TE ng truyn

TE: m bo giao tip gia ng i dng, chuyn i thng tin sang tn hiu in v trao i cc tn hiu iu khin mng l i. Thit b chuyn mch : Thit lp ng truy n dn gia cc thu bao bt k, v i thit b chuyn mch th ng truyn c chia s mng l i c th s dng mt cc kinh t, c hia loi thit b chuyn mch : Tng i ni ht :Dng kt ni trc tip v i thu bao.

Tng i chuyn tip : Chuyn mch lu l ng gia cc tng i v i nhau.

Thit b truyn dn: Dng kt ni thu bao t i tng i v kt n i cc tng i v i nhau m bo truyn tthng tin mt cch chnh xc., bao gm: Truyn dn hu tuyn Truyn dn v tuyn

2. cc cu hnh mng c bn Cu hnh mng T chc mng l i - Cc dng c bn: Dng l i (mesh), dng sao (star) v dng hn hp. - T chc mng l i c ngha l kt ni cc tng i v i nhau. - Khi c nhiu h n mt tng i c ni bng trung k th khi ta c mt t chc mng l i. - Mng l i : Cc tng i c kt ni trc tip v i nhau thng qua tng i trung gian. S l ng cc ng kt ni khi c n tng i = Khng ph hp cho ph m vi r ng. n(n 1) 2

Lu l ng trn tng i nh lu l ng trn mch thp km hiu qu do v y ph ng php ny ch thch hp cho mng c t tng i, n m tp trung trong vng c phm v hp. u i m: Khi c s c th n d dng khc phc c. - Mng sao : Cc tng i ni ht c ni t i tng i chuyn tip nh hnh sao. L u l ng gia cc tng i ni ht c tp trung b i tng i chuyn tip. u: Cc ng truyn dn s c cng mt cch hiu qu h n. Mng sao thch hp vi n i yu cu k thut truyn dn cao h n chi ph chuyn mch , tng i c th phn b trong vng rng l n. Khi tng i chuyn tip b hng th cuc gi gia cc tng i ni ht khng th thc hin c - Mng hn hp : L mng kt hp ca hai mng trn. c dim: Khi lu l ng gia cc tng i ni ht nh th n s c kt n i thng qua tng i chuyn tip. Khi lu l ng l n th cc tng i c kt ni trc tip v i nhau, cu hnh ny cho php khai thc cc tng i v thit b hiu qu h n. 3.T chc phn cp Khi mt mng c qui m nh th n th ng c sp xp khng c n cp no c, khi mng l n ln th t chc phn cp th ng c p dng. Phn cp ngha l tng i ni ht c ni kt t i tng i cp trn (trung tm c s) sau cc trung tm c s ny c kt ni t i tng i cp cao h n. nh h ng t i mt vng rng.

Trung tm cp 2

Trung tm c s

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Cu 4: Khi nim v nguyn l ca TMN TMN (Telecommunication Management Network) l mng qun l vin thng cung cp cc hot ng qun l lin quan ti mng vin thng. nh nh ngha trong khuyn ngh ca ITU-T M.3100 (1995) do nhm nghin cu IV: TMN l mt mng ring lin kt cc mng vin thng ti nhng im khc nhau gi/nhn thng tin i/n mng v iu khin cc hot ng ca mng. Ni mt cch khc, TMN s dng mt mng qun l c lp qun l mng vin thng bng cc ng thng tin ring v cc giao din c chun ho. TMN cha nhiu h iu hnh, mt mng thng tin d liu v nhng phn t qun l. TMN ch ra trng thi thc hin chc nng qun l ca phn t mng thuc phm vi ca TMN (nh h thng chuyn mch, h thng truyn dn .v.v.). di l mng d liu m TMN dng truyn ti thng tin qun l c th ging nh mt mng m TMN qun l hoc c thit k nh mng truyn dn. TMN phi cung cp cc chc nng v thng tin qun l gia cc h iu hnh vi nhau, gia cc h iu hnh vi cc thnh phn mng v cc thng tin lin quan ti cc h iu hnh khc. Mng qun l vin thng cung cp cc chc nng qun l v truyn thng cho vic khai thc, qun l, bo dng mng v cc dch v vin thng trong mi trng a nh cung cp thitb. Mng qun l vin thng thng nht vic iu hnh qun l cc mng khc nhau trong cc thng tin qun l c trao i qua cc giao din v giao thc chun ho. TMN khng ch qun l s a dng ca mng vin thng m cn qun l mt phm vi ln v thit b, phn mm v nhng dch v trn mi mng. Sau y l mt s v d v cc mng, cc dch v vin thng v mt s thit b chnh c th c qun l bi TMN: Cc mng cng cng v mng ring bao gm c mng dch v ISDN

(Intergrated Services Digital Network) bng rng v bng hp (bao gm c ATM), cc mng thng tin di ng, cc mng thoi ring, cc mng ring o v cc mng thng minh. Bn thn TMN. Cc thit b truyn dn (b ghp knh, b phi lung, thit b chuyn knh SDH...). Cc h thng truyn dn s v tng t (cp, cp si quang, v tuyn, v tinh...). Cc tng i s v tng t. Cc mng WAN, LAN, MAN. Cc mng chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh. Cc dch v vin thng, cc dch v km theo v u cui ngi s dng

cu 3 Cc thc th ca h thng qun l mng? H thng qun l m, h thng qun l phn tn?

Qun l cu hnh: Cc tin trnh xc nh, x l cc tham s thay i ca thit b, phng tin truyn thng nhm duy tr hot ng chc nng ca mng. Cc tham s: Thit lp, khi to li, hoc hin th tham s thng qua cc lnh. Qun l li: Tin trnh pht hin li, xc nh li, cch ly li v sa li. Pht hin li c th xc nh qua ngng cnh bo, hoc thng tin t pha ngi s dng dch v. Bc cui cng ca qu trnh qun l li c th lin quan ti tin trnh thay i cc tham s cho ph hp trong qun l cu hnh. Qun l hiu nng: Cc tc v yu cu nh gi mc s dng ca cc thit b mng v phng tin truyn dn v t cc tham s ph hp vi yu cu thc t. Qun l hiu nng s dng cc thng tin gim st thit b hoc c s d liu trong qu trnh thng k. Qun l hiu nng lin quan mt thit vi qu trnh quy hoch mng. Qun l bo mt: M t mt tp cc tc v nhm m bo nhn thc ngi s dng v thit b, nn d liu, phn b kho bo mt, duy tr v gim st bn ghi bo mt, pht hin v ngn chn cc xm phm khng cho php. Qun l ti khon: Lin quan ti qu trnh tnh cc v ho n s dng dch v, qun l ti khon cung cp phng php tnh ph hp cc yu cu ca ngi s dng v hin trng mng. v, Qun l phn tn

T hp kin trc qun l tp trung v kin trc phn tn S dng mt s cc h thng qun l mng ngang hng Mi nt ngang hng c mt c s d liu hon chnh Mi nt ngang hng c th thc hin cc nhim v khc nhau v gi bo co ti h thng trung tm. Mt v tr lu tr thng tin cnh bo v s kin ton mng Mt v tr truy nhp ti ton b ng dng mng. Khng ph thuc vo mt h thng n Phn tn cc nhim v qun l v nhim v gim st ton mng Qun l m

Cu 5 : kin trc chc nng ca TMN

Cc chc nng x l thng tin: Thc hin Hin th Lu tr

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Cu 6: nh ngha SNMP v c tnh nh ngha SNMP( simple network management protocol) l giao thc qun l mng c bn c s dng rt ph bin gim st v iu khin cc thit b mng nhm qun l tp trung mng TCP/ IP c tnh: u im: C th gim c chi ph cho vic trin khai phng thc i l dng giao thc SNMP. Vic ci t SNMP vo thit b trong cu hnh mng n gin. C th b sung them mt cch khng hn ch thit b v cc nh cung cp cng nh l nhng i tng qun l. SNMP l mt gii php c hiu qu cho vic qun l thit b nhiu nh cung cp

Khuyt im: 1. SNMP lm tng dung lng ng k 2. SNMP khng cho php phn b tc ng trc tip cho cc i l. 3. Khng c s iu khin tng hp ca nhiu ni qun l. Sadf

CU HI N TP MN HC QUN L MNG VT

8. Cu trc v c im ca thng tin qun l? SMI nh ngha mt c cu t chc chung cho thng tin qun l. SMI nhn dng cc kiu d liu trong MIB v ch r cch thc miu t v t tn cc ti nguyn trong MIB. SMI duy tr tnh n gin v kh nng m rng trong MIB. V th MIB ch lu nhng loi d liu n gin: cc i tng v hng v cc mng hai chiu ca cc i tng v hng. SNMP ch c th truy lc cc v hng, gm cc thc th trong bng. SMI khng cung cp cch to hoc truy xut cc cu trc d liu phc tp. Cc MIB s cha cc loi d liu do nh cung cp to ra. cung cp phng php tiu chun biu din thng tin qun tr, SMI cn lm nhng cng vic sau: - Cung cp k thut tiu chun nh ngha cu trc ca MIB c bit.

- Cung cp k thut tiu chun nh ngha cc i tng n l, bao gm c php v gi tr ca mi i tng. -Cung cp k thut tiu chun m ho cc gi tr i tng. S m t cc i tng b qun l c SMI thc hin thng qua ngn ng m t ASN.1. Vic nh ngha loi i tng gm 5 trng: - Object: Tn ca i tng, cn c coi nh l phn m t i tng cho mi loi i tng cng vi phn nhn dng i tng tng ng ca i tng. - Syntax: C php cho loi i tng. c th l mt trong cc loi c php n gin nh: Integer, Octet String, Object Identifier, Null hay mt c php ng dng nh: a ch mng, b m, kiu Gauss, Time Ticks, dng dliu khng trong sut, hay cc loi d liu ng dng m rng (c th xem thm trong RFC 1155 bit thm chi tit). - Definition: Cc nh ngha m t ng ngha ca loi i tng. - Truy nhp (Access): Phng php truy nhp c th l: ch c, c-ghi hay khng th truy nhp. - Trng thi (Status): C th l cng ch, ty chn hay khng cn hiu lc

9. Cc thnh phn ca SNMP? H thng qun l mng da trn SNMP gm ba thnh phn: b phn qun l (manager), i l (agent) v c s d liu gi l C s thng tin qun l (MIB). Mc d SNMP l mt giao thc qun l vic chuyn giao thng tin gia ba thc th trn, song n cng nh ngha mi quan h client-server (ch t). y, nhng chng trnh client l b phn qun l, trong khi client thc hin cc thit b t xa c th c coi l server. Khi , c s d liu do agent SNMP qun l l i din cho MIP ca SNMP. Hnh 3.4 minh ha mi quan h gia ba thnh phn SNMP ny.

1. B phn qun l (manager) B phn qun l l mt chng trnh vn hnh trn mt hoc nhiu my tnh trm. Ty thuc vo cu hnh, mi b phn qun l c th c dng qun l mt mng con, hoc nhiu b phn qun l c th c dng qun l cng mt mng con hay mt mng chung. Tng tc thc s gia mt ngi s dng cui (end-user) v b phn qun l c duy tr qua vic s dng mt hoc nhiu chng trnh ng dng m, cng vi b phn qun l, bin mt bng phn cng thnh Trm qun l mng (NMS). Ngy nay, trong thi k cc chng trnh giao din ngi sdng ha (GUI), hu ht nhng chng trnh ng dng cung cp mi trng ca s ch v click chut, thc hin lin vn hnh vi b phn qun l to ra nhng bn ha v biu cung cp nhng tng kt hot ng ca mng di dng thy c. Qua b phn qun l, nhng yu cu c chuyn ti mt hoc nhiu thit b chu s qun l. Ban u SNMP c pht trin s dng trn mng TCP/IP v nhng mng ny tip tc lm mng vn chuyn cho phn ln cc sn phm qun l mng da trn SNMP. Tuy nhin SNMP cng c th c chuyn qua NetWare IPX v nhng c cu vn chuyn khc. 2 Agent Thit b chu s qun l (Managed device): L mt nt mng h tr giao thc SNMP v thuc v mng b qun l. Thit b c nhim v thu thp thng tin qun l v lu tr phc v cho h thng qun l mng. Nhng thit b chu s qun l, i khi c gi nhng phn t mng, c th trong mng. Mi thit b chu s qun l bao gm phn mm hoc phn sn (firmware) di dng m phin dch nhng yu cu SNMP v p ng ca nhng yu cu . Phn mm hoc phn sn ny c coi l mt agent. Mc d mi thit b bt buc bao gm mt agent chu qun l trc tip nhng thit b tng thch khng theo SNMP cng c th qun l c nu nh chng h tr mt giao thc qun l c quyn. thc hin c iu ny, bn phi ginh c mt agent y nhim (proxy agent). Proxy agent ny c th c xt nh mt b chuyn i giao thc v n phin dch nhng yu cu SNMP thnh giao thc qun l c quyn ca thit b khng hot ng theo giao thc SNMP. l nhng b nh tuyn v my ch truy nhp-Access Server, nhng switch v nhng bridge, nhng hub, my tnh hay l nhng my in

Mc d SNMP ch yu l giao thc p ng thm d (poll-respond) vi nhng yu cu do b phn qun l to ra dn n nhng p ng trong agent, agent cng c kh nng xng ra mt p ng t nguyn. p ng t nguyn ny l iu kin cnh bo t vic gim st agent vi hot ng c nh ngha trc v ch ra rng ti ngng nh trc. Di s iu khin SNMP, vic truyn cnh bo ny c coi l ci by (trap).

10. Cc lnh c bn trong SNMP? SNMP s dng cc dch v chuyn ti d liu c cung cp bi cc giao thc UDP/IP.Mt ng dng ca Manager phi nhn dng c Agent cn thng tin vi n. Mt ng dng ca Agent c nhn dng bi a ch IP ca n v mt cng UDP. Mt ng dng Manager ng gi yu cu SNMP trong mt UDP/IP, UDP/IP cha m nhn dng cng ngun, a ch IP ch v m nhn dng cng UDP ca n. Khung UDP s c gi i thng qua thc th IP ti h thng c qun l, ti khung UDP s c phn phi bi thc th UDP ti Agent. Tng t cc bn tin TRAP phi c nhn dng bi cc Manager. Cc bn tin s dng a ch IP v m nhn dng cng UDP ca Manager SNMP. SNMP s dng 3 lnh c bn l Read, Write, Trap v mt s lnh ty bin qun l thit b. - Lnh Read: c SNMP dng c thng tin t thit b. Cc thng tin ny c cung cp qua cc bin SNMP lu tr trn thit b v c cp nht bi thit b.

- Lnh Write: c SNMP dng ghi cc thng tin iu khin ln thit b bng cch thay i gi tr cc bin SNMP. - Lnh Trap: Dng nhn cc s kin gi t thit b n SNMP. Mi khi c mt s kin xy ra trn thit b mt lnh Trap s c gi ti NMS. SNMP iu khin, theo di thit b bng cch thay i hoc thu thp thng tin qua cc bin gi tr lu trn thit b. Cc Agent ci t trn thit b tng tc vi nhng chip iu khin h tr SNMP ly ni dung hoc vit li ni dung