GII TON ESTE A CHC GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du Bnh Ph!

"
CH# D$ : ESTE A CHC
%&' () "h* + ,hi gi-i './n
01 Mt s cng thc tng quat ca este a chc
- Este to thanh t axit n chc va ancol a chc (n chc):
,
( )
n
RCOO R
- Este to thanh t axit a chc (n chc) va ancol n chc:
,
( )
n
R COOR
- Este to thanh t axit a chc (n chc) va ancol a chc (m chc):
,
.
( )
m n m n
R COO R . Khi n m thanh
,
( )
n
R COO R ~
este vong
- Este no, 2 chc, mch ho: C
n
H
2n-2
O
4

21 Phan ng xa phong hoa: 3 4
NaOH
este
n
n
45 3 67 () nh89 "h:" ;(';
- Khi xa phong hoa este 2 chc voi dung dich NaOH cho:
< 0 9u)i = 0 an".6 = 0 an>;hi' 'h ;('; >8 "8 "?u '@.:
1 2
R OOC R COO CH CH R =
PU:
0
1 2 1 2
2
2
t
R OOC R COO CH CH R NaOH NaOOC R COONa R OH R CH CHO = + + +
< 2 9u)i = 0 an".6 'h ;('; >8 "8 "?u '@.:
1 2
R COO R OOC R
PU:
0
1 2 1 2
2
2 ( )
t
R COO R OOC R NaOH R COONa R COONa R OH + + +
Ta co :
OH
n

2n
este

n
mui
; n
ancol
n
este
< 0 9u)i = 2 an".6 'h ;('; >8 "8 "?u '@.:
1 2
R OOC R COO R
PU:
0
1 2 1 2
2
t
R OOC R COO R NaOH NaOOC R COONa R OH R OH + + +
Ta co :
OH
n

2n
mui
2n
este
; n
OH
-
2

n
ruou
.
< 0 9u)i = 0 an".6 'h ;('; >8 "8 "?u '@.:
,
2
( ) R COOR hoc
,
2
( ) RCOO R
PU:
0
, ,
2
( ) 2 2
t
R COOR NaOH NaOOC R COONa R OH + +

0
, ,
2 2
( ) 2 2 ( )
t
RCOO R NaOH RCOONa R OH + +
BAI TBP TC DEBN
B7i 0FH G H0IIJK: Hop cht huu c X cha mt loi nhom chc co CTPT la C
8
H
14
O
4
. Khi thy phn X trong dung dich
NaOH thu uoc mt mui va hn hop hai ancol A va B. Phn tu ancol B co s nguyn tu cacbon nhiu gp i trong A.
Khi un nong voi H
2
SO
4
c, A cho mt anken va B cho 2 anken. Tim CTCT ca X
HD: X NaOH

1 mui 2 ancol ~ X: R
1
OOC-R-COOR
2
A, B u to ra anken ~ A, B phai co it nht 2 nguyn tu C
X co 8C, co 2 nhom COO, B co s C gp i s C ca A~ A co 2C (C
2
H
5
OH) va B co 4C (C
4
H
9
OH) co CTCT: CH
3
-
CHOH-CH
2
CH
3
Axit to ra este la axit oxalic: HOOC-COOH
~ X: COO-CH
2
-CH
3
COO-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
3
B7i 2FH TCLTH0II2K: Ba cht huu c A, B, D co cung CTPT C
6
H
10
O
4
, mch thng, khng tac dung voi Na. Xac inh
CTCT ca A, B, D va vit ptp minh hoa bit rng khi tac dung voi dd NaOH thi A to thanh 1 mui va 2 ancol k tip
nhau trong dy ng ng, B to thanh 2 mui va 1 ancol, D to thanh 1 mui va 1 ancol
HD: X khng phan ng voi Na ~ X khng co H linh ng
A NaOH

1 mui 2 ancol k tip nhau trong cung 1 dy ng ng. Vy A la este ca axit 2 chc no va 2 ancol no
n chc ng ng k tip ~ CTCT ca A: CH
3
OOC-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5
B NaOH

2 mui 1ancol ~ B la este ca ancol 2 chc no va 2 axit n chc no

~ CTCT ca B: HCOO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOCCH
3
hoc HCOO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOC-CH
2
-CH
3
D NaOH

1 mui 1 ancol ~ D la este ca 1 axit no 2 chc va 1 ancol no n chc hoc 1 axit no n chc va 1
ancol no hai chc. Vy D co th co cac CTCT sau:
CH
3
-OOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOCH
3
; C
2
H
5
-OOC-COO-C
2
H
5
; CH
3
-COO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOC-CH
3
B7i MFHNTH0IINK: Cht A co CTPT la C
11
H
20
O
4
. A tac dung voi NaOH to ra mui ca axit huu c B mch thng va 2
ancol la etanol va propanol-2. Hy vit CTCT ca A, B va goi tn chung
HD: A: C
11
H
20
O
4
NaOH

mui C
2
H
5
OH CH
3
-CHOH-CH
3
~ A la este to nn t axit no 2 chc va 2 ancol trn ~
CTCT ca a la: C
2
H
5
OOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-COO-CH-(CH
3
)
2
GII TON ESTE A CHC GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du Bnh Ph!"
B7i NFHGD TP1HC%H0IIOK: Mt cht X co CTPT C
8
H
12
O
5
, mch ho. Thy phn X trong mi truong axit thu uoc
glyxerol va 2 axit n chc A, B hn nhau 1 nguyn tu cacbon. B cng nuoc cho cht huu c C (san phm chinh). Xac inh
CTCT ca X, A, B, C va vit ptp minh hoa
HD: X co dng:
,
x y
R COO C H OOC R
B7i P: D thy phn 0,1 mol este A chi cha 1 loi nhom chc cn dung va 100gam dd NaOH 12, thu uoc 20,4 gam
mui ca mt axit huu c va 9,2 gam mt ancol. Xac inh CTPT, vit CTCT va goi tn este o. Bit 1 trong 2 cht (ancol
hoc axit) to thanh este la n chc
HD: (HCOO)
3
-C
3
H
5
(glixerol triIomat)
B7i Q: Este A co CTPT la C
7
H
12
O
4
chi cha mt loi nhom chc.D thy phn 16 gam A cn dung va 200 gam dd
NaOH 4, thu uoc mt ancol B va 17,8 gam hh 2 mui. Xac inh CTCT ca A
HD: A la este 2 chc co dng :R
1
-COO-R-OOC-R
2
~ CTCT: HCOO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOC-C
3
H
7
Hoc CH
3
-COO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOC-C
2
H
5
B7i O: Dun nong 0,1 mol este A voi mt luong va dd NaOH thu uoc 13,4 gam mui ca mt axit huu c B voi 9,2
gam ancol n chc. Cho ancol o bay hi o 127
0
C va 600mmHg chim th tich la 8,32 lit. Xac inh CTCT ca A
HD: A la este 2 chc co dng R(COOC
2
H
5
)
2
~ CTCT: C
2
H
5
-OOCCOO-C
2
H
5
B7i J: Cho 2,54 gam este A bay hi trong mt binh kin dung tich 0,6 lit, o nhit 136,5
0
C. Nguoi ta nhn thy khi este
bay hi ht thi ap sut trong binh la 425mmHg
a) Xac inh khi luong phn tu ca A
b) D thy phn 25,4 gam A cn dung 200gam dd NaOH 6. Mt khac khi thy phn 6,35gam A bng xut thu uoc
7,05 gam mui duy nht. Xac inh CTCT va goi tn este bit rng mt trong hai cht (ancol hoc axit) to nn este
la n chc
HD: A la (CH
2
CH-COO)
3
-C
3
H
5
(glixerol tri acrylat)
TRSC NGHIT% ESTE A CHC
CUu 0: Cho 21,8 gam cht huu c X mch ho chi cha mt loi nhom chc tac dung voi 1 lit dung dich NaOH 0,5M thu uoc 24,6 gam
mui va 0,1 mol ancol. Luong NaOH du uoc trung hoa va ht boi 0,5 lit dung dich HCl 0,4M. Cng thc cu to ca X la
A. (HCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
. B. (CH
3
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
. C. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
. D. C
3
H
5
(COOCH
3
)
3
.
CUu 2: D thuy phn 0,01 mol este to boi mt ancol a chc va mt axit cacboxylic n chc cn dung 1,2 gam NaOH. Mt khac
thy phn 6,35 gam este o cn 3 gam NaOH, sau phan ng thu uoc 7,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca este o la
A. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
. B. (CH
2
CHCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
.
C. (CH
2
CHCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
. D. (C
3
H
5
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
.
CUu M: D iu ch mt este X, dung lam thuc chng mui goi tt la DEP nguoi ta cho axit Y tac dung voi mt luong du ancol Z. Mun
trung hoa dung dich cha 1,66 gam Y cn 100 ml dung dich NaOH 0,2M. Trong dung dich ancol Z 94 (theo khi luong) ti l s mol
2
Z H O
n : n 86:14 =
. Bit 100 M
Y
200. Cng thc cu to ca X la
A. CH
2
CHCOOCH
3
. B. C
6
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
. C. C
6
H
4
(COOC
2
H
5
)
2
. D. (C
2
H
5
COO)
2
C
6
H
4
.
CUu N: Dun nong 0,1 mol X voi luong va dd NaOH thu uoc 13,4g mui ca axit huu c a chc B va 9,2g ancol n chc C. Cho
ancol C bay hi o 127
0
C va 600 mmHg s chim th tich 8,32 lit.Cng thc phn tu ca cht X la:
A.
C H COOCH
3
COOCH
3
COOCH
3
B.
C H
2
C
H
2
COOCH
3
COOCH
3
C.
O
O
OC
2
H
5
OC
2
H
5
D.
O
O
OCH
3
OCH
3

CUu P: X la este ca glixerol va axit huu c Y. Dt chay hoan toan 0,1 mol X ri hp thu tt ca san phm chay vao dung dich Ca(OH)
2
du
thu uoc 60g kt ta. X co cng thc cu to la:
A.(HCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
B. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
C. (C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
D. (C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
CUu Q: X la este mch ho do axit no A va ancol no B to ra. Khi cho 0,2 mol X phan ng voi NaOH thu uoc 32,8 gam mui. D t chay
1 mol B cn dung 2,5 mol O
2
. Cng thc cu to ca X la .
A.(CH
3
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
. B.(HCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
. C.(C
2
H
5
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
. D.(CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
.
CUu O: Khi thuy phn hoan toan 0,05 mol este tiu tn h t 5,6g KOH. M t kha c, khi thuy phn 5,475g este o thi tiu tn
h t 4,2g KOH va thu uc 6,225g mu i. Vy CTCT este la:
A. (COOC
2
H
5
)
2
B. (COOCH
3
)
2
C. (COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
)
2
D. Kt qua khac
CUu J: FHAH2V0VK Thy phn 0,2 mol mt este E cn dung va 100gam dung dich NaOH 24 thu uoc mt ancol va
43,6 gam hn hop mui ca 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit o la:
A. HCOOH va CH
3
COOH B. CH
3
COOH va C
2
H
5
COOH C.
C
2
H
5
COOH va C
3
H
7
COOH D. HCOOH va C
2
H
5
COOH
CUu I: Hop cht huu c X cha C, H, O mch thng co phn tu khi la 146. X khng tac dung voi Na kim loi . Ly 14,6g
X tac dung voi 100ml dd NaOH 2M thu uoc 1 mui va 1 ancol. CTCT ca X la
A. C
2
H
4
(COOCH
3
)
2
B. (CH
3
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
.
C. (C
2
H
5
COO)
2
D. A, B ung.
GII TON ESTE A CHC GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du Bnh Ph!"
CUu 0V: Dt chay a mol X la trieste ca glixerol voi axit n chc mch ho thu uoc b mol CO
2
va c mol H
2
O, bit b - c
4a. Hiro hoa m gam X cn 6,72 lit H
2
(ktc) thu uoc 39 gam mt san phm. Nu un m gam X voi dung dich cha 0,7
mol NaOH n phan ng hoan toan, c cn dung dich sau phan ng thu uoc cht rn khan co khi luong la
A1 57,2 gam B1 52,6 gam C1 61,48 gam D1 53,2 gam
CUu 00: Este X uoc to thanh t etylen glicol va hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn tu este, s nguyn tu cacbon
nhiu hn s nguyn tu oxi la 1. Khi cho m gam X tac dung voi dung dich NaOH (du) thi luong NaOH phan ng la 10
gam. Gia tri ca m la
A. 14,5. B. 17,5. C1 15,5. D. 16,5.
CUu 02: Cho 13,8 gam glixerol phan ng voi axit huu c n chc B, chi thu uoc cht huu c E co khi luong bng 1,18
ln khi luong ca glixerol ban u; hiu sut phan ng la 73,35. Co bao nhiu cng thc cu to phu hop voi E?
A1 3 B1 5 C1 2 D1 4
CUu 0M: Xa phong hoa hoan toan 1 este X a chc voi 100ml dung dich KOH 1M sau phan ng c cn dung dich thu uoc
8,32 gam cht rn va ancol n chc Y. Nu t chay hoan toan Y thu uoc 3,584 lit CO
2
(ktc) va 4,32 gam H
2
O cng
thuc cu to ca X la
A1C
2
H
5
OOC-C
2
H
4
-COOC
2
H
5
B1CH
3
COOCH
2
-CH
2
-OOCCH
3

C1C
2
H
5
OOC-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
D.CH
3
OOC-C
2
H
4
-COOCH
3
CUu 0N: Cho 0,02 mol m t este (X) phan ung vua ht v i 200 ml dung dich NaOH 0,2M thu uc mt mui va mt ancol
(Y), u co s mol bng s mol este phan ung. M t kha c, khi xa phong hoa hoan toan 2,58 gam este o bng 1 lung KOH
vua u , pha i dung 20 ml dung dich KOH 1,5M va thu uc 3,33 gam mui. Cng thuc ancol (Y) la
A1 C
2
H
5
OH B1 C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
C1 C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
D1 C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
CUu 0P: E la este mch khng nhanh chi cha C, H, O, khng cha nhom chc nao khac. Dun nong mt luong E voi 150
ml dung dich NaOH 1M n kt thuc phan ng. D trung hoa dung dich thu uoc cn 60ml dung dich HCl 0,5M. C cn
dung dich sau khi trung hoa uoc 11,475 gam hn hop hai mui khan va 5,52 gam hn hop 2 ancol n chc. Cng thc
cu to ca este la
A1 CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
-OOC-CH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
B1 HCOOCH
3
va CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C1 C
2
H
5
-COO-C
2
H
5
D1 CH
3
-CH
2
-OOC-CH
2
COOCH
3
CUu 0Q: Hp cht hu c X cha mt loi nhm chc c CTPT l C
8
H
14
O
4
. hi th!" ph#n hon ton
$%48 &am X t'on& (un& ()ch *aOH +c 1 mu,i - h.n hp / ancol 0% 1. Ph#n t2 ancol 1 c 3, C
nhi4u &p +5i 0. hi +un nn& -6i H
/
7O
4
+8c 9 1:;
;
C< 0 cho 1 ol=>in c?n 1 cho $ ol=>in +@n&
ph#n. *Au oBi hoC ton D ln& ancol thu +c DEn& CuO +,t nn&% ton D ln& an+=hit cho t'Cn&
Dc hon ton thF Gh,i ln& Dc thu l<
A. 4%$/ &am B. /%1H &am C. H%48 &am D. 8%H4 &am