REFERENCE PAGES

Trigonometry
Angle Measurement
radians 180
1

Fundamental Identities
180
r r s

csc tan cot

rad 180

1 sin sin cos 1 tan

sec cot

1 cos cos sin

1 rad

s r in radians

sin 2 cos 2 1 1 cot 2 csc 2 cos cos sin

Right Angle Trigonometry

sin cos tan opp hyp adj hyp opp adj csc sec cot hyp opp hyp adj adj opp
adj hyp opp

1 tan 2 sec 2 sin sin tan tan

cos

sin 2

tan

cos 2 cot 2
B a C

Trigonometric Functions
sin cos tan y r x r y x csc sec cot r y r x x y
x y (x,y) r

The Law of Sines

sin A sin B sin C a b c

The Law of Cosines

a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A b 2 a 2 c 2 2ac cos B
b

Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

y y=sinx 1 2 x _1 _1 2 x 1 2 x y y=cosx y y=tanx

c 2 a 2 b 2 2ab cos C

Addition and Subtraction Formulas

sin x y sin x cos y cos x sin y sin x y sin x cos y cos x sin y cos x y cos x cos y sin x sin y

y 1

y=cscx

y 1

y=secx

y=cotx

cos x y cos x cos y sin x sin y tan x y

2 x

tan x tan y 1 tan x tan y tan x tan y 1 tan x tan y

_1

2 x _1

2 x

tan x y

Double-Angle Formulas
sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x

Trigonometric Functions of Important Angles

0 30 45 60 90 radians 0 6 4 3 2 sin 0 12 s22 s32 1 cos 1 s32 s22 12 0 tan 0 s33 1 s3

cos 2 x cos 2x sin 2x 2 cos 2x 1 1 2 sin 2x tan 2 x 2 tan x 1 tan2x

Half-Angle Formulas
sin 2x 1 cos 2 x 2 cos 2x 1 cos 2 x 2

REFERENCE PAGES

Differentiation Rules
General Formulas
1.

d c 0 dx d f x t x f x t x dx d f xt x f xt x t x f x (Product Rule) dx d f t x f t xt x (Chain Rule) dx

2.

d cf x c f x dx d f x t x f x t x dx d dx

3.

4.

5.

6.

f x t x

t x f x f xt x t x 2

(Quotient Rule)

7.

8.

d x n nx n1 (Power Rule) dx

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

9.

d e x e x dx d 1 ln x dx x

10.

d a x a x ln a dx 1 d log a x dx x ln a

11.

12.

Trigonometric Functions
13.

d sin x cos x dx d csc x csc x cot x dx

14.

d cos x sin x dx d sec x sec x tan x dx

15.

d tan x sec 2x dx d cot x csc 2x dx

16.

17.

18.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

19.

d 1 sin1x dx s1 x 2 d 1 csc1x dx x sx 2 1

20.

d 1 cos1x dx s1 x 2 d 1 sec1x dx x sx 2 1

21.

d 1 tan1x dx 1 x2 1 d cot1x dx 1 x2

22.

23.

24.

Hyperbolic Functions
25.

d sinh x cosh x dx d csch x csch x coth x dx

26.

d cosh x sinh x dx d sech x sech x tanh x dx

27.

d tanh x sech 2x dx d coth x csch 2x dx

28.

29.

30.

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

31.

d 1 sinh1x dx s1 x 2 d 1 csch1x dx x sx 2 1

32.

d 1 cosh1x dx sx 2 1 1 d sech1x dx x s1 x 2

33.

d 1 tanh1x dx 1 x2 d 1 coth1x dx 1 x2

34.

35.

36.