Predisposing Factors:

Age:19 years old () Sex: male Family History???

Precipitating Factors:
Fever Penetrating head trauma (50% risk of development of epilepsy (Black & Hawks, 2002)) Disruption of the stability of the neuronal cell membrane Congenital brain defects

Burst of electrical activity from the cortex

Alteration in the integrity of neuronal cell membrane

Discharges of electrochemical energy (impulses are altered)

Nerve cells fire an increased in frequency and amplitude of impulses

Carbamazepine 200 mg 1 tab Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures Adverse effects: Drowsiness, ataxia, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, hepatitis, STEVEN- JOHNSONS SYNDROME Increased intensity of discharges (hyperexicitability of impulses)

Continuous impulses

Spreads t adjacent normal neurons

Blocking of normal inhibition and perpetuate a feedback loop (threshold)

Inhibitory neurons in the cortex, anterior thalamus and basal ganglia slow th eneuronal firing Aura (a premonitory or warning sensation. It can be visual, auditory, and olfactory)

Produces an intermittent contractionrelaxation phase at the muscle fibers

Continuous stimulation of impulses throughout the body

Respiratory system: Lip smacking or lip biting Dyspnea Tachypnea (25cpm) Irregular breathing with spasms Epileptic cry- occurs when diaphragm and chest muscles contract simultaneously Fixed jaw Genitourinal system: Bladder incontinence Bowel incontinence

Continuous muscle contractions (tonic)

Gastro intestinal system:

Increased in salivation Tongue biting or tongue curls down the throat Epigastric sensations acidosis

Rigidity of the body

Decortication Stiffening of the extremities

Decerebration

Exhaustion of the epileptic neurons (clonic)

Increase need for Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Building of inhibitory process

IV line of PLR 1L @ 30 gtts/min on left hand

Cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption is increased

Administer oxygen at 2L/ min via nasal cannula

Depresses CNS

Inadequate oxygen supply

Loss of consciousness (postictal state)

Hypoxia

Sleep (may last from 30 minutes to several hours)

Brain tissue destruction

Generalized fatigue upon waking

Headache

Confusion

Depression

Legend: Defn of disease

Precipitating and predisposing factors Nursing care/ interventions

Medical mgt
Manifestations per system

DRUGS/ meds

Actual manifestations

Disease process