Echo Checks Involves the receiver of message returning the message to the sender.

Parity Checks Incorporates an extra bit (the parity bit) into the structure of a bit string when it is created or transmitted.

The auditors objective is to verify the integrity of the electronic commerce transactions by determining that controls are in place to detect and correct message loss due to equipment failure.

To achieve this control objective, the auditor can select a sample of message from the transaction log and examine them for garbled content caused by line noise.

Electronic Data Interchange is the intercompany exchange of computerprocessible business information in standard format.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X.12 format EDI for administration, commerce, and transport (EDIFACT) format