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BI 3 & 4: IU CH XUNG M PCM (Pulse Code Modulation )

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nh gi

Ging vin nhn xt v k tn

1. Ni dung
Kim nghim li l thuyt v iu ch xung PCM. Kho st cc bc ca qu
trnh iu ch xung PCM n gin, kho st mt h thng pht v thu tn hiu s.

2. Thit b th nghim
S lng
1
1
1

Modul
PCM2967
DCS297M
OSCILLOSCOPE

Cng dng
Mch iu ch xung PCM
Ngun cung cp
Quan st tn hiu

3. Tm tt l thuyt
nng cao cht lng truyn dn tn hiu tng t tc l ci thin t s tn hiu
trn nhiu S/N ngi ta thit k v xy dng mt h thng thng tin ri rc hay cn gi
l h thng thng tin xung PAM. Nhng bin xung PAM c chuyn sang dng
chui s nh phn gi l tn hiu s.
Mt s k thut iu ch xung quan trng c s dng:
iu xung m PCM.
iu xung m vi sai DPCM.
iu xung m vi sai t thch nghi.

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iu ch delta DM.
iu ch delta t thch nghi.
iu ch sigma-delta.

iu xung m PCM
input

Ly
mu

Lng
t

M
ha

Knh
truyn

Ti to t
m

B gii
m

Output

Lc

M ha v gii m PCM
PCM c c trng bi ba qu trnh, l ly mu, lng t v m ha.
Ly mu: l khai trin c chu k tn hiu tng t thu c bin c tc ng
tc thi. Gii hn di tn s ly mu c xc nh theo nh l Nyquist.
Lng t ha: l chuyn mt xung ly mu thnh mt xung c bin bng mc
lng t gn nht. Kt hp hot ng ly mu v lng t ha to ra iu ch bin
xung lng t PAM, bin ca cc xung ny c hn ch vi mt s gi tr ri rc.
M ha: l thay th mi mc c nh bng mt dy nh phn gi l t m. Tt c cc
t m u cha mt xung PAM nht nh v c truyn trong khong thi gian gia hai
thi im ly mu cnh nhau.

3.1 Ly mu
f(t)
F(t)

(t-nTs)

Gii hn di tn s ly mu c xc nh theo nh l Nyquist: fs ln hn hay

bng hai ln tn s cc i tn hiu.

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Xung ly mu

12 f(KHz)

Xung ly mu

3 4

11 f(KHz)

Cc bng bn khng chng nhau v chng nhau

3.2 Lng t ha

Tn hiu lng t
- Lng t ha hn ch s mc cho php ca tn hiu ly mu.
- S mc lng t Q = 2b, vi b l s bt ca mt t m.

3.3 M ha
B m ha c s dng to ra cc xung nh phn hoc cc t m, t cc gi tr
lng t xut hin u ra ca b lng t. S mc lng t Q = 2b, mi mc c mt
t m ring cha b bit.
Chng hn, nu c 256 mc lng t th b = 8 v gm cc t m 8 bit (B1...B8) nh:
00000000, 00000001,..., 11111111. Mi t m tng ng vi mt mc trong 256 mc
lng t.

3.4 Mch gii m

Mch gii m thc hin qu trnh bin i tn hiu s thnh tn hiu tng t, lung
bit s i vo mch gii m s bin thnh tng on 8 bit truyn ln lt v chuyn t dng
8 bit ni tip sang dng 8 bit song song tc ng cng lc vo cc phn t trong mch
gii m, to thnh tn hiu tng t. C 8 bit khi phc li xung bin PAM c gi tr
tng ng VPAM = eI(B1.20+...+B8.27). Vi eI l gi tr mt mc lng t. Chuii xung
PAM c bin ri rc cho qua mch lc ni cc nh xung PAM to thnh tn hiu
lin tc theo thi gian.

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3.5 u im & khuyt im ca PCM
3.5.1 u im
+H thng PCM, thit k truyn tn hiu tng t c th p ng cho cc tn hiu
s liu, cho h thng rt linh hot.
+Trong cc h thng truyn dn bng gc PCM, k thut m ha c th c s
dng gim bt nh hng ca tp m v m bo an ton.
+PCM to ra phng tin lu tr tn hiu thoi hoc tn hiu s liu phc v cho
truyn dn theo thi gian o hoc cho cc mch x l khc.
+Khi t s tn hiu/tp m S/N u vo thp th t s tn hiu/tp m S/N u ra ca
h thng PCM tt hn so vi cc h thng tng t.
+Khi cho trc t s rng bng tn truyn dn/ rng bng tn tn hiu (t s
nn hoc gin rng bng tn) vi Pe < 10-4 th PCM vt mi dng iu xung khc.
y l mt nhn t quan trng ng trn gc tch, ghp knh theo thi gian.
+Khi bng tn truyn dn tng th phi gim cng sut thu. S thay i ny ca
bng tn truyn dn theo cng sut d dng thc hin trong cc h thng PCM.

3.5.2 Nhc im
+Mch in ca PCM phc tp hn cc h thng c dng iu ch khc, nhng
khng thay i khi s lng knh tng.
+H thng PCM c nhc im ring ca n, v d nh hin tng tri.
+ rng bng tn ln hn cc h thng tng t (gn 48KHz so vi 4KHz).

4. CU HI L THUYT
4.1 Qu trnh PCM gm nhng bc no? Nu chc nng nhng bc ?
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4.2 Trnh by nh l ly mu tn hiu? Nu ly mu khng ng nh l ny
th iu g xy ra?
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4.3 Cc loi b lc tn hiu? Th no l bc ca b lc?

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4.4 Trnh by l thuyt v Flip-Flop? Thanh ghi dch?

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5. Thc hnh iu ch PCM
5.1 Th nghim 1
1. S dng b PCM2967 v u ni nh s Hnh 5.1
- Cp tn hiu DC cho mch ly mu.
- Ni ng vo vi knh X, ng ra vi knh Y ca OSCILLOSCOPE
- Ni mass chung.
2. Trn OSCILLOSCOPE c hai knh X v Y u ch o DC, nt SWEEP
TIME thang o 2ms/div, nt VOLTS thang 2V/div.
3. iu chnh mc in p DC trn b PCM2967 l 5 V.
4. Ni dy cp ngun cho PCM2967 t b DCS297M.
5. M cng tc ngun.

Hnh 5.1

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Cu hi:
1. V li dng sng o c trn tia Y khi tn s ly mu l 0.5 KHz, 2 KHz, 4 KHz.
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2. Nhn xt v dng sng ca hai tn hiu khi ly mu hai tn s khc nhau?
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5.2 Th nghim 2
1. cng tc ngun OFF.
2. S dng b PCM2967 v u ni theo s Hnh 5.2.
3. Trn OSCILLOSCOPE c hai knh X v Y u ch o AC, nt
SWEEP TIME thang o 1ms/div, nt VOLTS thang 2V/div.
4. M cng tc ngun.

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Hnh 5.2
Cu hi:
1. V li dng sng o c trn tia X.
2. V li dng sng o c trn tia Y khi tn s ly mu 2 KHz.
3. V li dng sng o c trn tia Y khi tn s ly mu 4 KHz.
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4. Xc nh s mu c trong khong 8 ms c hai trng hp ly mu trn?
Tn s ly mu (KHz)

S mu trong khong thi gian 8 ms

5.3 Th nghim 3
1. cng tc ngun OFF.
2. S dng b PCM2967 v u ni nh Hnh 5.3.
- Cung cp tn hiu sin cho hai ng vo b ly mu.
- Ni hai ng ra vi knh X v Y ca OSCILLOSCOPE.
- Ni mass chung.
3. Trn OSCILLOSCOPE c hai knh X v Y u ch o AC, nt
SWEEP TIME thang o 1ms/div, nt VOLTS thang 2V/div.
4. Tn s ly mu 4 KHz
5. M cng tc ngun.
Cu hi:
1. V li dng sng ti tn hiu vo.
2. V li dng sng o c trn tia X.
3. V li dng sng o c trn tia Y.
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4. Nhn xt s khc nhau ca hai dng tn hiu ?
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Hnh 5.3

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5.4 Th nghim 4
1. cng tc ngun OFF.
2. S dng b PCM2967 v u ni theo s nh Hnh 5.4.
3. Trn OSCILLOSCOPE c hai knh X v Y u ch o AC, nt
SWEEP TIME thang o 1ms/div, nt VOLTS thang 2V/div.
4. M cng tc ngun.

Hnh 5.4
Cu hi:
1. V li dng sng o c trn tia X.
2. V li dng sng o c trn tia Y khi tn s ly mu 4 KHz.
3. V li dng sng o c trn tia Y khi tn s ly mu 32 KHz.
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4. Nhn xt kt qu o c. Gii thch?
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5.5 Th nghim 5
1. cng tc ngun OFF.
2. S dng b PCM2967 v u ni theo s nh Error! Reference source not
found..
3. Trn OSCILLOSCOPE c hai knh X v Y u ch o AC, nt SWEEP
TIME thang o 1ms/div, nt VOLTS thang 2V/div.
4. M cng tc ngun.
Cu hi:
1. V li dng sng o c trn tia Y khi tn s ly mu 4 KHz.
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Hnh 5.5
2. So snh vi dng sng cu 2 (Th nghim 4 )
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5.6 Th nghim 6
1. cng tc ngun OFF.
2.S dng b PCM2967 v u ni nh Hnh 5.6.
- Cung cp tn hiu DC cho ng vo my pht.
- Ni ng ra my pht vi ng vo my thu
- Ni mass chung.

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3. M cng tc ngun.

Hnh 5.6
Cu hi: Khi thay i ngun DC t 5V n 5V th my pht lng t thnh my
mc v m ha mi mc thnh bao nhiu bit nh phn? hy ghi li cc chui bit ?
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