Bibliography Secondary Sources: "Temperance & Prohibition." Table of Contents | Temperance & Prohibition. Ohio State University, !"#.

$eb. "% &ov. !"#. 'http:((prohibition.osu.edu(). This *ebsite helped to give an overvie* o+ the actions o+ "drys" and "*ets" during and leading up to Prohibition, or those *ho *ere in +avor and those opposed to it, respectively. Primary source propaganda *as sho*n, depicting the t*o vie*s the opposing classes had against one another, and the means by *hich they tried to persuade others to ,oin their cause. -lso, an overvie* o+ the actions o+ the -nti.Saloon /eague helped to sho* us ho* in+luenced the government *as at the time o+ the *riting o+ the 0ighteenth -mendment. "The Prohibition 0ra." The Prohibition Era. Patterson 1istorical Society, !!2. !" . $eb. "% &ov. !"#. 'http:((***.historicpatterson.org(03hibits(03hProhibition.php). This *ebsite helped to sho* ho* Prohibtion reached all areas o+ the United States, including our home state o+ &e* 4or5. 6n this recording, a local +ire lead to the discovery and immediate shut. do*n o+ a local illegal bre*ery, although the bre*ers *ere never +ound or charged. 6t also related some o+ he short term nation *ide results, such as the money de+icit +rom lac5 o+ alcohol ta3ation, on a smaller scale7 ho* it a++ected the people o+ Patterson, &e* 4or5, and ho* spea5easies upset the la* en+orcement every*here. This *ebsite helped us connect the large.scale theme o+ Prohbition to a much more centrali8ed, personal application, that helped us to understand ,ust ho* everyone in -merica *as a++ected during this time period. "Prohibition People and Terms . Prohibition9epeal.com." Prohibition People and Terms ProhibitionRepeal.com. :istilled Spirits ;ouncil o+ the United States, !"#. $eb. "% &ov. !"#. 'http:((***.prohibitionrepeal.com(history(people.asp). This *ebsite helped us to determine *ho *ere 5ey players in the activation o+ Prohibition, and those *ho tried their best to repeal the act once it had been in place. Some people such as <rancis $illard, =ohn :. 9oc5e+eller =r, and $ayne $heeler, all *ere in great support o+ Prohibition, but a+ter it *as in place, 9oc5e+eller, the only one a alive at this point, decided that the act itsel+ *as detrimental, rather than advantageous to the nation, and decided it *as best to petition the act. "Prohibition." History.com. -&0 Television &et*or5s, !"#. $eb. "% &ov. !"#. 'http:((***.history.com(topics(prohibition). This *ebsite helped us lay the +oundation +or our research, especially *hen loo5ing into the causes o+ prohibition.including $orld $ar 6., and those +e* alcohol bans that occurred throughout the country to spur the actual national declaration. 6n addition, this source helped to e3plain to us *hat really *ent on during prohibition, +or e3ample, the en+orcement aspect o+ the la*s *ith the 69S, or 6nternational 9evenue Service, and those *ho *ent against the *ishes o+ the government to bre* their o*n illegal alcohol, and the bootleggers *ho sold them. Burns, >en. "Prohibition." PBS. PBS, !"". $eb. "% &ov. !"#. 'http:((***.pbs.org(5enburns(prohibition(). This *ebsite provided us *ith a *ealth o+ in+ormation7 the causes o+ prohibition, important people *ho emerged during the t*enties, etc., but *e chose to +ocus on the une3pected causes that this *ebsite e3plained in depth. &ot only did Prohibition not go as planned, it had reverse a++ects on the country, turing a time o+ temperance to a time o+ abuse and over.consumption o+ an item that *as no*

deemed illegal. Organi8ed crime rose, death caused by alcohol ?although at +irst the number declined@ rose in response to binge drin5ing, and the economic pressured the government too5 +or the absence o+ alcohol ta3es heavily *eighted upon the entire country. O5rent, :aniel. Last Call The Rise and !all of Prohibition. &e* 4or5: Scribner, !"!. Print. This boo5, true to itAs name "The 9ise and <all o+ Prohibition", details every event that occurred in response, in comparison, or even cataly8ed Prohibition in the United States. Used as a guide to e3planations o+ *hy things occurred such as the +all o+ the $;TU and the rise and strength o+ the -nti.Saloon /eague, along *ith the rise o+ -l ;apone and the spea5easies, it goes into deep analytical depth o+ the "*hys" behind the act that shoo5 -mericas +rom the very pits o+ their stomachs that had long been +illed *ith into3icating drin5. 1anson, :avid =., Ph.:. ">>> and $;TU: Partners in Prohibition." """ and #CT$ Partners in Prohibition. Potsdam University, !"#. $eb. ! &ov. !"#. 'http:((*** .potsdam.edu(hansond,(;ontroversies(>>>.and.$;TU.Partners.in.Prohibition.html). This source is +rom the Sociology :epartment o+ the State University o+ &e* 4or5 in Potsdam, meaning the Pro+essor *ho *rote this understands the topic. This being said, 6 *as able to learn the connection the >>> had to the Prohibition, and *ith the $;TU. "The Prohibition 0ra." The Prohibition Era. To*n o+ Patterson, !!2. !" . $eb. "% &ov. !"#. 'http:((***.historicpatterson.org(03hibits(03hProhibition.php). This *ebsite supplied the in+ormation about the many amendments and acts passed during the time o+ the Prohibition. The speci+ic e++ects o+ the Prohibition on one to*n is also provided, *hich gives insight into ho* a certain group o+ people reacted to this event, as opposed to an entire nation. 9osenberg, =enni+er. "Prohibition." %bo&t.com '(th Cent&ry History. &.p., n.d. $eb. "% &ov. !"#. 'http:((history"B!!s.about.com(od("B !s(p(prohibition.htm). =enni+er 9osenberg is a historian *ho spent much o+ her li+e studying history, especially more about her interest in the early !th century. 1er article helped us to 5no* *hen the Prohibition occurred and *hat actually happened during this time. Severn, Bill. The End of the Roarin) T*enties+ Prohibition and Repeal,. &e* 4or5: =. Cessner, "B2B. Print. This boo5 *as read to obtain a stronger understanding o+ the topic o+ the Prohibition. 6t helps to sho* the evolution o+ the Prohibition, +rom *hen it *as +irst passed, to its repeal in the T*enty.<irst -mendment, to the restrictions on the -mericanAs lives and their right to drin5ing alcohol. "" Bad 0++ects o+ Prohibition 4ou Should >no*." $nreasonable !aith. &.p., n.d. $eb. " &ov. !"#. .This *ebsite *as used to provide in+ormation concerning the e++ects o+ the Prohibition 0ra on the peopleDs ideas, behavior, and actions to*ards the government. Ceredith, $illiam -. "Organi8ed ;rime and Prohibition." &.p., n.d. $eb. .This *ebsite *as used to +urther e3plain the political conseEuences o+ this era. 6t provided in+ormation such as statistics on the increase in crimes, and in+ormation on organi8ed crimes.

"Temperance Covement." -o&T&be. 4ouTube, F <eb. !"#. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.youtube.com(*atchGvH%uFI:r%$,dU). This video easily gives an overvie* o+ the Temperance Covement, providing visual a++ect and a transition into the bac5ground o+ our pro,ect. "$oman Su++rage J Temperance & Prohibition." #oman S&ffra)e | Temperance & Prohibition. Ohio University, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((prohibition.osu.edu(anti.saloon.league(dry.propaganda(dry. arguments(*oman.su++rage). This *ebsite provided as great insight into the many +aces o+ prohibition, especially ho* it led into *omenAs rights activism, directly mentioning ho* ta3.paying citi8ens should all be given the right to vote, yet *omen, *ho pay ta3es, are deprived o+ such a privilege, and during prohibition the drys too5 the side o+ the *omen, *hile the *ets *ere strictly opposed. /ing, Sally =. "0li8ebeth <riedman K <ascinating $omen o+ Prohibition J Sally =. /ing K <loridaAs 1istory :etective." Sally . Lin) !loridas History /etecti0e. &.p., #" =uly !"". $eb. B :ec. !"#. 'http:((sally,ling.org( !""(!L(#"(eli8ebeth.+riedman.+ascinating.*omen.o+.prohibition(). This *ebsite *as used to give in+ormation about 0li8ebeth <riedman. 6t taught us that she *as a more important person then *e had thought, being president o+ the $;TU at one time. /ing, Sally =. "Cabel $al5er $illebrandt K <ascinating $omen o+ Prohibition J Sally =. /ing K <loridaAs 1istory :etective." Sally . Lin) !loridas History /etecti0e. <loridaAs 1istory :etective, "2 =uly !"". $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((sally,ling.org( !""(!L("2(mabel.*al5er. *illebrant.+ascinating.*omen.o+.prohibition(). This *ebsite *as used to provide much in+ormation and numerous Euotes +rom and about Cabel $al5er $illebrandt. She *as an important *oman +igure during the Prohibition 0ra and this *ebsite helped sho* that. "Prohibition." PBS. PBS, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.pbs.org(5enburns(prohibition(roots.o+. prohibition(). This *as a *ebsite that gave us much in+ormation about the Temperance Covement, the $;TU, and many people that played signi+icant roles throughout the era. &(-. "The Beer $ench." The Beer #ench. &(-, " Car. !!%. $eb. B :ec. !"#. 'http:((thecolumbus*ench.*ordpress.com(tag(prohibition(). Pictures o+ many o+ the *omen *ere given +rom this *ebsite. These provide visuals to see *ho the people are. "&ational $omenAs 1istory Cuseum." Ed&cation & Reso&rces. &ational $omenAs 1istory Cuseum, n.d. $eb. #" :ec. !"#. 'http:((***.n*hm.org(education. resources(biography(biographies(+rances.eli8abeth.caroline.*illard(). Core in+ormation *as ta5en +rom this *ebsite to understand <rances 0li8abeth ;aroline $illardDs role as a *omen during the Prohibition 0ra. "Prohibiton 0ra 1istory." Prohibition Era in %merica. &.p., n.d. $eb. B :ec. !"#. 'http:((***.noalcohol.us(noalcohol(resources(theprohibition.phtml). This *ebsite gave bac5ground in+ormation about the Prohibition to +urther our understanding o+ the main topic. "Prohibition." PBS. PBS, n.d. $eb. "" =an. !"F. 'http:((***.pbs.org(5enburns(prohibition(people(). "$omen in the Progressive 0ra." #omen in the Pro)ressi0e Era. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.n*hm.org(online.e3hibits(progressiveera(*ctu.html). This *ebsite *as used to give us a picture o+ *omen *ho shut do*n a saloon. This is important in sho*ing us ho* the *omen too5 action during this time. "$omen o+ the 1all." !rances E. #illard. &ational $omenAs 1all o+ <ame, n.d. $eb. #" :ec. !"#. 'http:((***.great*omen.org(*omen.o+.the.hall(search.the.hall(details( ("2B.*illard). 6n+ormation about important *omen *as received +rom this *ebsite. $e *ere able to learn *ho the *omen *ho actually played a role in the Prohibition era *ere.

Covement, -bolition. "-bolition, $omenAs 9ights, and Temperance Covements."1ational Par2s Ser0ice. &ational Par5s Service, "2 :ec. !"#. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.nps.gov(*ori(historyculture(abolition.*omens.rights.and.temperance.movements.htm). This timeline helps to sum up the e3tent o+ our pro,ect, ho*, through both the temperance movement and the Prohibition era, *omen gained rights and played ma,or roles in government, even leading to their +inest achievement o+ gaining universal su++rage +or all in the United States.

Primary Sources: The Coderation /eague, 6nc. "- &ational Survey o+ ;onditions under Prohibition, "B %." ?&e* 4or5: The Coderation /eague, "B %@7 Online +acsimile at: http:((***.*isconsinhistory.org(turningpoints(search.aspGidH" LF7 Misited on: ""( !( !"# This pamphlet on the amount o+ arrests made be+ore, a+ter, and during Prohibition reguarding into3ication sho* that at the very beginning o+ Prohbition ?"B"B@, arrests plummeted, and then slo*ly but surely rose bac5 to even higher than they *ere originally by the time o+ "B L, sho*ing ho* Prohibition did not in +act attain the temperate ending it *as see5ing, but only served to add +ire to the +lame o+ alcohol, ma5ing it burn brighter and stronger than ever. -nti.Saloon /eague o+ $isconsin. 9ecords ?selections@. Online +acsimile at: http:((***.*isconsinhistory.org(turningpoints(search.aspGidH"L!#7 Misited on: ""( !( !"# This doccument, a record o+ the -nti.Saloon /eague as they travel through $isconsin, descried their process o+ uncovering and persecuting those *ho sold liEuor illegally. These detectives ta5e such e3treme measures to simply e3pose small.to*n business men, truly sho*ing ho* determined the -nti. Saloon /eague *as to irradicate the consumption o+ alochol nation *ide, and teh amount o+ po*er they e3erted, asthey *ere easily able to e3pend t*o men to rural $isconsin in order to e3pose an under. ground saloon host. United States. ;ong. &ational ;ommission o+ /a* Observance and 0n+orcement.Enforcement of the Prohibition La*s of the $nited States. 3essa)e from the President of the $nited States Transmittin) a Report of the 1ational Commission on La* 4bser0ance and Enforcement Relati0e to the !acts as to the Enforcement, the Benefits, and the %b&ses &nder the Prohibition La*s, Both before and since the %doption of the Ei)hteenth %mendment to the Constit&tion ... By Neorge $. $ic5ersham. L" ;ong., # sess. ;ong. 9ept. L . $ashington: U.S. Novt. Print. O++., "B#". Print. This document states 1erbert 1oover, the president o+ the United States during the time o+ Prohibition, and his re+lections on the success o+ the 0ighteenth -mendment thus +ar. 1o*ever, he is not hope+ul, and clearly e3presses his desire to repeal the act, in response to the illicit alcohol tra++ic5ing that has caused crime rates to increase throughout the nation. This document truly opens our eyes to the +act that it *as such a prominent e++ect on the country, and one that *as so une3pected *hen the hope+ul eighteenth amendment *as originally put in place. 9oosevelt, <ran5lin :. ":ocument +or :ecember Oth:Presidential Proclamation !2O o+ :ecember O, "B##, in $hich President <ran5lin :. 9oosevelt -nnounces the 9epeal o+ Prohibition." Today5s /oc&ment from the 1ational %rchi0es. &ational -rchives, O :ec. "B##. $eb. " &ov. !"#. 'http:((***.archives.gov(historical.docs(todays.doc(inde3.htmlGdod.dateH" !O). This document, the o++icial repeal o+ the 0ighteenth -mendment and Prohibition, sho*s the assurance o+ *hich the entire ?or t*o.thirds@ congressional assembly supported the repeal o+ the act, sho*ing ho* Euic5ly the results o+ Prohibition a++ect and changed the minds o+ so many po*er+ul leaders. 6n past times, government leaders have o+ten deliberated over the repeal or placement o+ an act +or several years, but it too5 only a short amount o+ time +or the ma,ority o+ the -merican government to band together to help amend the past error o+ enacting prohibition in the +irst place. Truman, 1arry S. ";orrespondance +rom 1arry S. Truman to Bess $allace Truman." /etter to Bess $allace Truman. " =an. "B"B. CS. ;amp /a Beholle, n.p. This personal letter +rom 1arry S. Truman to his *i+e, *hile he is commanding a camp outside o+ $ashington spea5s o+ the *onders o+ Prohibition, ho* he +eels that by ma5ing alcohol illegal, the country as a *hole *ill improve in manners, business matters, and relations *ith others. 1e, although

not a +ull advocate o+ the temperance movement, sees alcohol as a hinderance on the true potential o+ the -merican spirit. $hen compared to later documents, thought not as intimate as this, it illustrates the dramatic change o+ heart that Prohibition caused once it *as in place, +rom those *ho previously *hole.heartedly supported it. "Select Temperance Tracts:." Select Temperance Tracts . /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((Euod.lib.umich.edu(m(moa(-1/B!L%.!!!".!!"GrgnHmain7vie*H+ullte3t). The Select Temperance Tracts is a compilation o+ scientists, philosophers and politicianAs +indings on *hy alcohol should be banned, or *hy is should not be consumed. - sound basis o+ in+ormation, it included poems, +acts and statistics meant to s*ay those *ho are intemperate to*ards temperance. "Temperance Sermons, :elivered in 9esponse to an 6nvitation o+ the &ational Temperance Society and Publication 1ouse." The 1ineteenth Cent&ry in Print Boo2s. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((memory.loc.gov(cgi.bin(Euery(rGammem(-C-//:P+ield?:O;6: Plit?U/-"L!OB#L"@@). This *ebsite allo*ed us direct access into the sermons the &ational Temperance Society preached throughout the nation, including *hy alcohol should not be drun5 +rom a health perspective, the religious sins o+ drin5ing alcohol, and ho* your relationship *ith others is a++ected *hen alcohol is consumed, *hether it be daily or on occasion. "-n -merican Time ;apsule: Three ;enturies o+ Broadsides and Other Printed 0phemera." %merican 3emory. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. 'http:((memory.loc.gov(cgi.bin(Euery(rG ammem(-C-//:P+ield?&UCB09 Pband?rbpe !L#! !!@@). This *ebsite allo*ed us to vie* the &ational Temperance -lmanac, a document that greatly in+luenced the turning o+ the tides to*ard the Temperance movement, in their +avor, as the almanac is a common household item, the &ational Temperance Society has itAs ideals in nearly every home that possessed an almanac, seemingly innocently, but still in+luencing the minds o+ those *ho do possess it. "-braham /incolnAs Temperance -ddress o+ "%F ." %braham Lincoln5s Temperance %ddress of 678'. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.abrahamlincolnonline.org(lincoln(speeches(temperance.htm). This, President /incolnAs address that touches on the sub,ect o+ temperance, alludes to the +act that he has the same vie* as many that oppose temperance. 1e does not *ish to ma5e it a legal matter, and vie*s it as a moral decision, to be le+t to your o*n *ill *hether or not you drin5. "<ull Te3t o+ "$illiam /loyd Narrison, "%!O."%LB Qmicro+ormR : The Story o+ 1is /i+e""!&ll Te9t of :#illiam Lloyd ;arrison, 67(<-67=> ?microform@ The Story of His Life: &ational -rchives, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((archive.org(stream(*illiamlloydgar" garrgoog(*illiamlloydgar" garrgoogSd,vu.t3t). The vie* o+ one man *ho does not *ish to create more la*s li5e the one that occurred in Caine, sho*ing that he as *ell does not thin5 that drin5ing should be a legal matter, simply *hether or not you choose to parta5e in it. "-rguments -gainst Temperance . Temperance Covement "% 2." Temperance 3o0ement 67'A. $eebly.com, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((mac5en8ielcollins.*eebly.com(arguments.against.temperance.html). This vie* lies in particularly in that drin5ing is a matter o+ choice, and no one can deprive you o+ such a right. 6t seems to in+ringe upon the rights o+ everyone, because although it might be dangerous, those *ho did not support temperance sa* it as a right to be able to drin5 and do *hatever you may desire, *ithout and legal protest. 1o*ard, <ran5. "$eAll Mote -gainst the Terrible Can." %merica #omen5s History. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d.

$eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((memory.loc.gov(cgi.bin(ampageGcoll6dHmusmisc). This music score is another representation o+ ho* music *as used during this time period to promote various issues, this one being *omenAs su++rage. The title, $eAll Mote -gainst the Terrible Can blatantly sho*s the *omenAs attitudes to*ards those *ho *ouldnAt let them vote, and +rom early on they began their campaign. "Susan B. -nthony Speech: 6s 6t a ;rime +or a ;iti8en o+ the United States to MoteG" S&san B. %nthony Speech Bs Bt a Crime for a CitiCen of the $nited States to DoteE /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. "" =an. !"F. 'http:((la* .um5c.edu(+aculty(pro,ects(+trials(anthony(anthonyaddress.html). The address o+ Susan B. -nthony, accounts +or the many prospects o+ citi8enship that *omen are deprived o+, unnecessarily so. - 5ey player in both *omenAs su++rage and in the $omenAs ;hristian Temperance Union, -nthony provides a uni+ied voice, strong and commanding, o+ all *omen *ho *ish to gain voting rights. "Teaching $ith :ocuments: $oman Su++rage and the "Bth -mendment." Ci0il #ar %rmy 1&rses5 Letter. &ational -rchives, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.archives.gov(education(lessons(*oman. su++rage(army.nurses.html). Once more, *omen +rom all *al5s o+ li+e, in all occupations had some 5ind o+ interest in the su++rage movement. This letter +rom an army nurse, *ho is continually giving her time and e++ort +or the *el+are o+ her country, *ishes to 5no* *hen her due rights *ill be given. "/etter to ;ongress in Support o+ $omenAs Su++rage J &ational -rchives Transcription Pilot Pro,ect." Letter to Con)ress in S&pport of #omen5s S&ffra)e | 1ational %rchi0es Transcription Pilot ProFect. &ational -rchives, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((transcribe.archives.gov(content(letter. congress.support.*omens.su++rage). &ot able to stand on the sidelines anymore, the empo*ered +igureheads o+ *omenAs su++rage, 0li8abeth ;ady Stanton, Susan B. -nthony and several more *omen *rote a letter directly to congress, e3pressing their concern +or action to be ta5en sooner than later. "The Seneca <alls ;onvention ?9eason@: -merican Treasures o+ the /ibrary o+ ;ongress." The Seneca !alls Con0ention GReasonH %merican Treas&res of the Library of Con)ress. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.loc.gov(e3hibits(treasures(trr!F!.html). This document, in lieu *ith the :eclaration o+ Sentiments, is a signed document o+ all the *omen *ho agree to the lines and dictations that are +ound in the :eclaration, and those that *ish to have direct action *ith su++rage, and advocate the right to vote +or all. ":eclaration o+ Sentiments." /eclaration of Sentiments. Princeton University, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.princeton.edu(Tachaney(tmve(*i5i"!!5(docs(:eclarationSo+SSentiments.html). The actual documentation o+ the :eclaration o+ Sentiments, highlighting all o+ the ma,or grievances o+ *omen *ho do not have the right to vote, outlines their *ants and needs the *omen demand +rom the government in order to enact change. "Trial 9ecord in the ;ase o+ United States vs Susan B. -nthony ?"%L#@." Trial Record in the Case of $nited States 0s S&san B. %nthony G67=IH. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((la* .um5c.edu(+aculty(pro,ects(+trials(anthony(trialrecord.html). The documentation o+ United States v. -nthony creates an ability to relate to -nthony, that her act *as not out o+ desperation, but to prove a point, that several innocent votes, the simple act o+ slipping a piece o+ paper into a ballot is not a criminal o++ense, and anyone *ho thin5s other*ise is misguided on the means o+ ,ustice.

Mideos Secondary Sources "Temperance Covement." -o&T&be. 4ouTube, F <eb. !"#. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.youtube.com(*atchGvH%uFI:r%$,dU). This video easily gives an overvie* o+ the Temperance Covement, providing visual a++ect and a transition into the bac5ground o+ our pro,ect. "&eal :o*: Prophet o+ Prohibition." -o&T&be. 4ouTube, #" Oct. !!2. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.youtube.com(*atchGvHhd!g2S2*ig%). This video creates a bac5ground +or &eal :o*, the governor o+ Portland, Caine that created the Caine deal, one o+ the +irst legislative drives to*ards prohibition ever created, and allo*s the vie*er to +ully understand his motives. "$alter Breuning . Born Sept. ", "%B2, /ived ""F.O 4ears." -o&T&be. 4ouTube, #" Car. !"!. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.youtube.com(*atchGvHp,8SyU!lEh*). This intervie* *ith $alter Breuning, alive and *ell during the era o+ both prohibition and *omenAs su++rage, e3presses *hat he e3perienced during his li+e, *ith *omenAs unhappiness *ith their role in society, and they decision to do something about it.

Pictures Primary Sources S*eeney, &eal =ames. "-n -merican Time ;apsule: Three ;enturies o+ Broadsides and Other Printed 0phemera." %merican 3emory. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. !B =an. !"F. 'http:((memory.loc.gov(cgi.bin(ampageGcoll6dHrbpe). This image re+lects a pledge o+ temperance ta5en during this late "%!!As by the ;atholic Temperance Society, creating a guideline o+ strict rules to +ollo* *hen one becomes temperate, and gives up the drin5. 6t sho*s ho* passionate many people *ere about the abolition o+ alcohol. "/ips That Touch /iEuor..." Lips That To&ch LiJ&or... Snopes.com, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((message.snopes.com(sho*thread.phpGtHOOB!2). This picture illustrates ho* adamant *omen *ere about their husbandAs drin5ing problem, and ho* they +inally had begun to ta5e a stand +or *hat they believed in. "The :emon o+ 9um: Ten Prohibition Propaganda Posters Photo Nallery . :run5 1usband >ills $i+e . ;rime /ibrary." The /emon of R&m Ten Prohibition Propa)anda Posters Photo ;allery - /r&n2 H&sband "ills #ife - Crime Library. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.trutv.com(library(crime(photogallery(prohibition.posters.htmlGcurPhotoH ). This image, propaganda o+ the people in support o+ the Temperance Covement, try to sho* the drastic a++ects alcohol consumption can have on men, leading them to beat their *ives daily, a +earsome prospect. ";artoon Prints, -merican." Tree of Temperance. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.loc.gov(pictures(resource(cph.#b! FF (GcoHapp). This image, depicting all o+ the grand Eualities o+ temperance people, again sho*s the bias that those organi8ations that supported temperance. - similar image obtained +rom the same sight, the Tree o+ 6ntemperance, lays out all o+ the vulgar Eualities o+ one *ho drin5s, a direct parallel bet*een the t*o. "-rdent Spirits." %rdent Spirits. /ibrary ;ompany, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.librarycompany.org(ardentspirits(). This image depicts *hat alcohol *as thought to do to a man, turn him into a demon that he does not remember, a dangerous thing, something that should never have come into being, in order to scare people into becoming temperate. ":avid Pollac5 Mintage Posters." /a0id Pollac2 Dinta)e Posters. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.dpvintageposters.com(cgi.local(content.cgiGscH"OF). 4et another poster appealing to the parents *ho are a++ected by drin5ing, by bringing their children into the picture, trying to e3plain that *hen they drin5, they in a++ect, also *an the lives o+ their children. "/ips That Touch /iEuor." Lips That To&ch LiJ&or Bma)e Search Res&lts. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((picsbo3.bi8(5ey(lips that touch liEuor). This image rein+orces the great idea that temperance is an all.reigning po*er, and that alcohol consumption is demonic and ungodly, and that it should not be tolerated. "Teaching Prohibition." %merica in Class. &ational 1umanities ;enter, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((americainclass.org(seminars(teaching.prohibition(). $omenAs involvement in this poster is evident, even more stri5ing is the +act that she is putting her vote in a ballot bo3. -lthough it begins *ith the need +or a repeal o+ alcohol, it *ill later spiral into *omenAs su++rage activism.

"The :run5ardAs Progress, or the :irect 9oad to Poverty, $retchedness & 9uin." The /r&n2ard5s Pro)ress, or the /irect Road to Po0erty, #retchedness & R&in. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.loc.gov(pictures(item(BOO!F#B2(). The :run5ardAs Progress describes ho* even an innocent drin5 can lead to some drastic do*n+alls, even death. -n e3aggeration nonetheless, it instills +ear into people so that they *ill never pic5 up the glass in the +irst place. "<ull Te3t o+ "-n 6nEuiry into the 0++ects o+ -rdent Spirits upon the 1uman Body and Cind : $ith an -ccount o+ the Ceans o+ Preventing, and o+ the 9emedies +or ;uring Them"" !&ll Te9t of :%n BnJ&iry into the Effects of %rdent Spirits &pon the H&man Body and 3ind #ith an %cco&nt of the 3eans of Pre0entin), and of the Remedies for C&rin) Them: &ational -rchives, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((archive.org(stream( O2B! L9.nlm.nih.gov( O2B! L9Sd,vu.t3t). This site allo*ed us direct access into the *or5s o+ Ben,amin rush, one o+ the +irst ma,or political leaders in change o+ the Temperance Covement, as he e3presses his vie* on ho* alcohol a++ects the body, mind and soul7 and not in a very positive light, but in a blunt manner that allo*ed him to gain such an audience and such a response. "Cembership ;ard to the "&ational ;hristian Temperance Union"" /i)ital Collection -. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.memorialhall.mass.edu(collection(itempage.,spG itemidH"OFFB -s the Temperance Covement *as moving to*ards actually ma5ing a change in our nationAs la*s, pledges must have been signed in order to prove your innocence to the *orld o+ alcohol.

"Prohibition." Pinterest. Pinterest, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.pinterest.com(pamelarg(prohibition(). &o* on the trac5 to*ards legislation appeal, the temperance movement enlists children once more to advocate +or prohibition ?though it *as not called that yet@, and created these propaganda posters to create sympathy +or those children so a++ected by alcohol +rom their +athers and other +amily members. "&ormal." Brin) Bac2 Prohibition. Blogspot.com, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((normalmaga8ine.blogspot.com( !!%(! (bring.bac5.prohibition.html). This picture again introduces the role o+ *omen in the temperance movement, as they *ere using their po*ers as mothers to create votes in +avor, because children are vulnerable, the ne3t generation, and people *ant to preserve their innocence +or as long as possible. The temperance advocates *ere using this as leverage, claiming that the drin5 *as poisoning the minds o+ children as they sa* ho* it a++ects their parents "Caine: -n 0ncyclopedia." 3aine %n Encyclopedia. Publius 9esearch, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((maineanencyclopedia.com(do*.neal(). -n image o+ &eal :o*, allo*ing the vie*er a better insight as to *hat 5ind o+ a man :o* *as7 +ormal, curt, and ready +or action to be ta5en, *hether it be in his hands or others. "Caine: <irst :ry State in "%O"." 3aine !irst /ry State in 67<6. -++ordable -cadia, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.a++ordableacadia.com( !"!(maine.+irst.dry.state.in."%O"().

This e3cerpt +rom a ne*spaper published during the time o+ the Caine la* help sho* ho* shoc5ed the people *ere about CaineAs direct action in the line o+ Temperance, almost as i+ they sa* it as an illegal action, but *ere too stunned by the initial +actor o+ it to really protest, simple in a*e at the prospect o+ it. "Caine Cemory &et*or5CaineAs Online Cuseum." 3aine 3emory 1et*or2. Caine 1istorical Society, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.mainememory.net(arti+act("2!BO). This postcard illustrates ho* even a+ter the Caine :eal &eal :o* en+orced, liEuor *as still readily available and drun5, and the a++ect, although it did ma5e a point nationally, *as not e3actly tangible in the sense that it *as entirely e++ective. "1istory." History. /incoln /ibrary, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.lincolnlibraries.org(depts..(polley(1istory.htm). The Caine :eal certainly did have an e++ect on other states *ho *ere leaning to*ards temperance, especially &ebras5a, as they soon began the campaign +or being voted another "dry" state, *here alcohol is absolutely banned. "- Temperance Pledge +rom -mherst ;ollege." Teach $S History |. Teach US 1istory, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.teachushistory.org(second.great.a*a5ening.age.re+orm(resources(temperance. pledge.amherst.college). Once more, the Caine /a* created a ripple e++ect7 as more and more places hear about the bravado o+ Caine, they chose to ,ump on the band*agon, and continue do*n the road to temperance. -mherst ;ollege pledges itAs temperance, especially use+ul +or all o+ the students on their *ay through graduation. "4ester4ear Once Core." -ester-ear 4nce 3ore. $ordPress.com, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((yesteryearsne*s.*ordpress.com(tag(concrete.poetry(). -nother popular +orm o+ propaganda *as poetry, used to advocate both temperance and intemperance. This poem itsel+ e3plains ho* one simply glass o+ *ine can cause so much sorro* and regret, and that it should never have been so tempting in the +irst place. "Boo5 Cusic Score The /iEuor :ealerAs 9ights. -ir.."$ait +or the $agon." -ndre*s, Printer, #% ;hatham Street, &. 4." The LiJ&or /ealer5s Ri)hts. %ir--:#ait for the #a)on.: %ndre*s, Printer, I7 Chatham Street, 1. -. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.loc.gov(resource(amss.sb ! L#b(seE."). 6n support o+ intemperance, this passage e3plains *hy the Temperance Covement in+ringes upon their due rights as sellers and entrepreneurs, appealing directly to "the capitol" or the head o+ the state *ith their pressing issue, as the temperance propaganda has a++ected their livelihood. "9e+lections: /i+e 6n CoderationV." 3irth and 3oti0ation. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((mirthandmotivation.com( !""("!(!#(re+lections.li+e.in.moderation(). This image re+lects ho* those *ho did not support the temperance movement vie*ed those *ho did7 ho* it *as increasingly silly and unnecessary to completely abstain +rom the drin5, and that in e++ect, it *ill drive you to your grave *ith madness, *hile those *ho do occasionally indulge are the better +or it. 1ines, :ebbie. "$omenDs Moices, $omenDs Motes." PoliticIA<. &.p., n.d. $eb. !B =an. !"F. 'http:((politic#2O.com( !" ("!("O(*omens.voices.*omens.votes(). This image sho*s *omenAs direct role and the up ta5ing o+ their su++rage. By actively participating in boycotts and other protests, they embrace that they are going against the *ill o+ the la*, and see5 to change it +or their advantage.

"<earless 9adicalism:." %lice Pa&l and Her !i)ht for #omen5s S&ffra)e. -rmstrong -tlantic State University, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.armstrong.edu(6nitiatives(historyS,ournal(historyS,ournalS+earlessSradicalismSaliceSpaulS andSherS+ightS+orS*omensSsu+). This picture that provides a valid point in support o+ *omenAs su++rage in such a publish place sho*s ho* *omen had become +earless in their campaigns, creating propaganda that sho*ed division o+ gender *as un,ust and demeaning.

""$omen Bring -ll Moters into the $orld, /et $omen Mote" J 1eroes." Pinterest. Pinterest, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.pinterest.com(pin(OF"F%LOOO"2L"" B#%(). This poster, perhaps one o+ the most +amous, helps to +urther advocate +or *omenAs su++rage, stating the most blatant +act that *omen bring all voters into this *orld, ho*ever, they themselves do not have the right to vote. "The Oregon 1istory Pro,ect." The 4re)on History ProFect. &.p., n.d. $eb. "! =an. !"F. 'http:((***.ohs.org(education(oregonhistory(historicalSrecords(popup.c+mGdocS6:H!!!B!L0<.L !%. "0#!.B OB%!B!O L !!2;). -s *omenAs su++rage *as gaining more and more publicity, entire states had begun to get involved, and it *as not only the *omen in the state *ho *ere supportive7 men as *ell had begun to see the importance in providing *omen *ith the right they had long been deprived o+, and made it a matter o+ the state. "Borders." Pinterest. Pinterest, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.pinterest.com(,draper(borders(). Nro*ing more and more each day, *omenAs rights activism had also gro*n more radical. $omen *ere no* protesting right outside o+ the $hite 1ouse, imploring the president to grant them the right to vote, as5ing, "1o* long must *e *ait +or libertyG".

"Cessage +or Cen . Pictures o+ the $omenAs Su++rage Covement." 3essa)e for 3en - Pict&res of the #omen5s S&ffra)e 3o0ement. -bout.com, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((*omenshistory.about.com(library(pic(blSpSsu++rageSmessageSmen.htm). - blo* directly against the belie+ in liberty in men, one o+ their most pri8ed Eualities, dra*s the *omenAs su++rage movement +or*ard, accusing them o+ not *anting liberty, and depriving their daughters o+ the privilege.

"Boo5 Babe: Su++ragette in the ;ity by >ate Carsh(>atie Cac-lister." Boo2 Babe S&ffra)ette in the City by "ate 3arshK"atie 3ac%lister. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***boo5babe.blogspot.com( !"!(!B(historical.+iction.hit.su++ragette.in.html). Core propaganda supporting *omenAs su++rage, this time representing a young girl scolding a boy,

e3plaining that +or all o+ the *or5 they provide society *ith, they deserve a say in *hat goes on in government practices.

"$hat 6s Su++rageG Understanding the 9ight to Mote." #hat Bs S&ffra)eE $nderstandin) the Ri)ht to Dote. $ashington State 1istorical Society, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((*ashingtonhistoryonline.org(su++rage(/essonPlans(su++ragelesson.asp3). This political cartoon is representative o+ the progress *omen *ish to ta5e to*ards eEual su++rage, and although men do not *ish to move in the same direction, the *oman is adamant, ,ust as *omen during this time period.

""The Solitude o+ Sel+": Stanton -ppeals +or $omenAs 9ights." :The Solit&de of Self: Stanton %ppeals for #omen5s Ri)hts. 1istory Catters, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((historymatters.gmu.edu(d(O#"O(). 0li8abeth ;ady Stanton in her speech advocated many reasons +or *omenAs su++rage, one o+ the most outstanding perhaps is the simple +act that as a citi8en o+ the United States, she pays ta3es, and pre+orms all the duties o+ a citi8en, *ith non o+ the re*ards7 she cannot vote, divorce, etc. "Moting 9ights +or $omen." Dotin) Ri)hts for #omen. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.+asttrac5teaching.com(burns(UnitSOSProgressive(UOS$omensSSu++rage.html). The *omenAs ,ournal, a popular maga8ine +or outspo5en *omen during this time period, can been seen here, being read by t*o *omen, *ith the headlines reading +or su++rage ne*s. -n everyday topic indulged by all *omen, it can easily be said that all *omen had interest in the end result o+ the su++rage movement. Nin8berg, /ori :. "<or Stanton, -ll $omen $ere &ot ;reated 0Eual." 1PR. &P9, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.npr.org( !""(!L("#("#L2%"!L!(+or.stanton.all.*omen.*ere.not.created.eEual). - portrait o+ the +amous su++ragette, 0li8abeth ;ady Stanton, a strong, independent *omen *ho not only *ished to vote, but *anted *omen o+ all generations to come to have that privilege as *ell.

"$omens 9ights ;onvention." #omen5s Ri)hts %merica. <ine -rt -merica, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((+ineartamerica.com(+eatured(*omens.rights.convention.granger.html). This portrait o+ the ;onvention at Senca <alls, *here 0li8abeth ;ady Stanton e3pressed her :eclaration o+ Sentiments, illustrates ho* a single *omen, *ho has so long been seen as in+erior, can rise up against the adversity o+ all the men *ho oppressed her, +or the *el+are o+ all the *omen in the nation. "$omenAs /oyal &ational /eague." #i2ipedia. $i5imedia <oundation, !" Cay !"F. $eb. !B =an. !"F. 'http:((en.*i5ipedia.org(*i5i($omenAsS/oyalS&ationalS/eague). 6mage o+ Susan B. -nthony, representative o+ her strict, rigid demeanor, and commandeering attitude, *hen applied to *omanAs su++rage, created a per+ect storm o+ po*er and in+luence.

"Blue Truc5, 9ed State." %&)&st '(6(. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((bluetruc5redstate.blogspot.com( !"!S!%S!"Sarchive.html). This image, against the granting o+ voting to *omen, claims all o+ the negatives that *ill become *hen *omen are able to vote, and that the country as a *hole *ill be *orse +or *ear *hen the right has been granted. "Than5 4ou to -ll Our <iery $omen -ncestorsW" Conscio&s B&siness Tra0el *ith Bettina ;ordon. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.bettinagordon.com(than5.you.to.all.our.+iery.*omen.ancestors(). This poster, representative o+ the passing o+ the "Bth amendment, allo*ing all *omen the right to vote, uses a map to sho* the amount o+ states that have granted them that right and passed the amendment, a visual appeal that is easily interpreted. "6nt/a*Nrrls." 4n 1o0ember =. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.intla*grrls.com( !!%(""(on.november.L.html). ;elebrating their victory, *omen are seen in this image *aving banners that proclaim their ne*+ound ability to vote. "Codern 1istory Sourceboo5:The Passage o+ the "Bth -mendment, "B"B."B !-rticles +rom The &e* 4or5 Times." 3odern History So&rceboo2 Passa)e of the 6>th %mendment 6>6>-'(. &.p., n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.+ordham.edu(halsall(mod("B !*omensvote.html). This article provides the details o+ *hen and ho* the "Bth amendment *as signed, but +or the hundreds o+ *omen *ho had *aited so long his due right, all they cared about *as that it *as signed and passed.

"The &ineteenth -mendment." The 1ineteenth %mendment. &.p., n.d. $eb. "" =an. !"F. 'http:((la* .um5c.edu(+aculty(pro,ects(+trials(conla*(nineteentham.htm). This o++icial document that states Tennessee, the last state needed to rati+y the "Bth amendment, *ill proceed to it, o++icially ends the struggle to su++rage that so many *omen sacri+iced +or, +or no* they have the o++icial right to vote. "1o*-bout$e K :ate 9eport." Ho*%bo&t#e. &.p., n.d. $eb. "" =an. !"F. 'http:((***.thedatereport.com(dating(modern.love(lipstic5.boo8e.and.the.origins.o+.slut.shaming. dating.in.the."B !s(). 4et another ne*spaper article celebrating the rati+ication o+ the "Bth amendment, stating that it is the "la* o+ the land" than5s to Tennessee.

-udio Primary Souces "-udio Colly and the Baby, :onA Colly and the Baby, :ont 4ou >no*." 3olly and the Baby, /on5 3olly and the Baby, /ont -o& "no*. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.loc.gov(item(,u5ebo3.F##2). This song about temperance e3plains ho* a +ather *ill give up his desire to drin5 +or the good o+ the +amily, +or it *as thought that *hen a +ather dran5, he did not care +or his +amily, *as moody and abusive. "-udio The :run5ardAs :oom." The /r&n2ard5s /oom. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.loc.gov(item(a+ccc.a##O#b"). This song about the drun5en do*n+all o+ a man *as used as a +orm o+ advertisement +or Temperance. Song as a popular *ay o+ getting a point across during this time because people +reely listened *hether or not they supported the idea, and soon enough they listened and +inally understood the meaning, and embraced it. "-udio The Beer That Cade Cil*au5ee <amous." The Beer That 3ade 3il*a&2ee !amo&s. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.loc.gov(item(,u5ebo3. ! ). This song advocates intemperance and allo*ing the legali8ation o+ alcohol consumption to stay in place, highlighting a certain aspect o+ the bre*eries and the bene+its they bring to all o+ society, in particular, the beer the made Cil*au5ee +amous in itAs popularity and demand. "-udio Since Cy Cargaret Become a Su++ragette." Since 3y 3ar)aret Become a S&ffra)ette. /ibrary o+ ;ongress, n.d. $eb. " =an. !"F. 'http:((***.loc.gov(item(,u5ebo3.2#!"). This song highlights the improvements made in *omen since they became involved in the su++rage movement, speci+ically, they change s a husband sees in his *i+e. She has more "bac5bone" and is easily able to ma5e decisions, a +act he is Euite proud o+.