21-0143 - Mathimatika (G Gymnasioy) BM

9
21-0143_MATH_G GYMN.indb 1
1/15/13 4:21 PM

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1/15/13 4:21 PM
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1/15/13 4:21 PM
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1/15/13 4:21 PM

1 -
1.1

(- ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 - . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8 ... ... . . . . . . . . .
1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. - . . . . . . . . .

. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

- 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
12
17
20
25
25
30
33
38
42
53
63
68
71
75
75
78
81
83
2 - -
2.1 x + = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

. . . . . 94
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
2.5 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

- 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3 -
3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
1/15/13 4:21 PM
3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
- 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
4 -
4.1 y = x2 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
4.2 y = x2 + x + 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

- 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5 -
5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
5.2 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

- 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
-
1 -
1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

- 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
2 -
2.1 0 # # 180. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
2.4 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

- 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1o
A
1.1
( )

1 .2
1 .3

1 .4
1 .5
1 .6

1 .7
1 .8 ... ...

1 .9
1 .10
1

1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.1
( )
4 ,
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4 .
4 .
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5
3
5 , w
.. , , 7,34, w
2, 3, , w
4, 0,5, 1 + w
3, 6,1010010001...
2
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3, 6,1010010001...
3

3,8
x9
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u u
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3
3
= 4
: u 2 u = 2, u 2 u = 2, u 0 u = 0,
4
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+7 + 5 = +12
7 5 = 12
12
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.1
,
,
.
+5 7 = 2
5 + 7 = +2
,
+
,

(+5) ? (+7) = +35

(5) ? (7) = +35
(+5) ? (7) = 35
(5) ? (+7) = 35
+=+
+ ( + ) = ( + ) +
+0=
=
( ) = ()
?1=

1
? = 1, 0
+ () = 0

( + ) = +
:
? 0 = 0.
A ? = 0, = 0
= 0.
A ? 0, 0 0.
3 , 3
, .
4
, .
, 5

.
,
5 7 = 5 + (7) = 2

5 (7) = 5 + (+7) = 12
.

= + ( )

( : , 0),
.
1
: = ?

5 : 15 = 5 ? 1 = 5 = 1
15
15

1
= ?

13
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1

1 N :
( ) (
) (
) ( )
( ) (
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1
3 + }
2
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1
2}
3
1
3
1
1
) ( 3) ? 2 + 3 + 3 ?
3
2
( )
3
9
1
1
1
1
1
) ( 3) ? 2 + 3 +
?
=+2 +
3
=
3
2
3
6
3
2
1
27
12
9
1
1
18
=+2 +
3+ 6 = 6 + 6
+ 6 = 6 =2
3
6
5
1
6
1
}
}
3 + }
+}
2
2
2
2
15
3
)
1 = 6 1 = 5 = 10 = 2
}
2}
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3
3
3 3
2 + = 3 + = 5,
= ( 2) + 2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2
+ 2 + 2 = ( )
2 + 2 = ( )
2( + ) ( + ) = ( )
2(3) (5) =
6+5=
1
= ( 2) + 2

.
2
E
1 x .
3
1
2
0,3
0,8
w
3
w
16
3,14
22
7
2 :
) 3 + 7 = .....
1
) (2) ? 3 = .....
) (6) :
12
= .....
5
) 6 + 6 = ..... ) 2 9 = .....
5
2
4
) 0 ?
= ..... )
?
= .....
4
7
5
4
8
4
)
: (+4)= ..... )
: + 3 = .....
5
3
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
14
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.1
3 :
) (3 ? 2 5)x = ........
) 2(x ... .....) = ..... + 6
) 3(2 5x) = ........

) 3(2 5)x =........
) (3 + x)(2 + y) = ........ ) 4(... + ...) = 12x + 8
4 :
i) A , :
) )
) ) .
ii) A , :
) )
) ) .
5 (), (),
:
) .
) .
) .
) .

1 N :
) 2 + 3 ? 4 12 : (4) + 1 ) 2 + 3 ? (4 12) : (4 + 1)
) 3 ? (2) 5 + 4 : (2) 6 ) 8 : (3 + 5) 4 ? (2 + 6)
2
.
(5 4) (+2) + (6 + 4) (7) =

4 ( 2 + 6 3) + (9 + 6) =
14 + (6 + 5 3) ( 4 1) ? (2) =
(3) ? (2) + 4 (+5) (1) : (1) =
3 , x9x
. = 5
km,
.
B
x9
15
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1
4 :
)
) (
) (
1
1
1
2

+
+
12
4
2
3
) 5
2
1
1
2
5
3
2
2
3
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3
5 11
1
5
1
+ 2
+
+ 3
2
6
6
3
2
2
7
4
1
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: 5 +
3
2
5
2
5
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5 :
1
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+ 1
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3
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1
1
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6
2
2 3
1

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1
2 3

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1
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1
2 +
3

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:
1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1.

.
7 (+ ).
) 12 ... 5 ... 20 = 3 ) 8 ... 9 ... 1 = 0
5
) ... 3 ... 10 = 3 ) 0,35 ... 6,15 ... 8,50 = 2
4
4
4
8 :
) 8 ( ) + ( 5 ) = 3
) 2 ( + ) (4 + ) (2 ) = 0
) 2 ( 3) + (7 + 9) 3 (+2) = 0
9 x + y = 5 + = 7, :
= 4 (x ) (y ) = ( 5 x + ) + ( 8 + y) ( 4)
10 , , 56 ,
, 32,
= (9 2) (15 2).
11

7, 6, 5, 3,
1,
2,
4,
+
5,
,
.

+
+
=

+
+
=
16
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.1

23 = 2 ? 2 ? 2 = 8
(3)2 = (3) ? (3) = 9

$ 2
.
= ? ? ? ... ?

1 =
0 = 1 0
1
= 0
,
:
? = +
: =
23 ? 24 = 23+4 = 27
35 : 33 = 353 = 32
() =
(2) 2 = 22 2 = 4 2
2
( )
=()
(
)

( )
(23) 2 = 2 6 = 64
( ) =

23
8
=
3 =
3
3 27
( 3 2 ) = ( 23 )
4

1 N :
)
(2)2 ? (3)3
(3 ? 2 2)2
) x2 ? (x ? y2)3 : (x2 ? y3)2
(2)2 ? (3)3
22 ? (33)
22 ? 33
3
3
=
=
= 2 =
2 2
2
2 2
2
4
(3 ? 2 )
3 ? (2 )
3 ?2
4
2
2 3 2 3
5 6
2
2 3
x x (y )
x y
x (xy )
) x2(xy2)3 : (x2y3)2 =
=x
2 2 3 2 =
2 3 2 =
(x ) (y )
x 4y 6
(x y )
)
2 A x3 ? y2 = 3, = x2 ? (x2 ? y3)2 ? (x1)3.

A = x2 ? (x2 ? y3)2 ? (x1)3 = x2 ? x4 ? y6 ? x3 = x2 ? x4 ? x3 ? y6 = x9 ? y6 =
= (x3 ? y2)3 = (3)3 = 27.
17
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1
3 N :
A = (2)2 ? (3) + 2 ? 32 52 ? (2) : 5 6 B = (2 ? 5 32) + 2 ? (23 4) 12 : (3)
H
.

.
,

.

,

.
= (2)2 ? (3) + 2 ? 32 52 ? (2) : 5 6 =

= 4 ? (3) + 2 ? 9 25 ? (2) : 5 6 =
= 12 + 18 + 50 : 5 6 =
= 12 + 18 + 10 6 =
= 10
= (2 ? 5 32) + 2 ? (23 4) 12 : (3) =
= (2 ? 5 9) + 2 ? (8 4) 12 : (3) =
= 10 9 + 2 ? 4 12 : (3) =
= 1 + 8 + 4 =
= 9 + 4 =
= 13
E
1 (), (),
:
) + + + = 4.
) ? ? ? = 4.
) (5)6 56 .
8
8
) 2 3 .
3
2
( )
( )
) (3)2 = 92.
) ( 5)2 .
) 32 .
2 (= ).
) (1)6 ... 1
) 52 ...
1
25
) 32 ... 9
( 25 )
... 0
) 42 ... 16
( 12 )
...
1
32
( 52 )
...
2
5
) (7 + 2)2 ... 72 + 22
3 .
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2
i) H 2
:
3
4
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9
4
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9
4
4
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18
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.1
ii) H f(2)0g :
) 6
) 23
) 1
) 23

3
iii) H 23 + 32 :
) 17
) 56
) 65
) 55

4 ,
.

. (2 )
. (25)2 ? 210
. (2)2
. (24 : 23) ? 22
4 1

1. 1

}
4

2. 2 4
3. 4
4. 23
5. 2 4

6. 1

1 N :
) 2 5 ? 28 ) 34 : 3 2 ) 2 3 ? 53 ) (52)4
1
(6)6
) 32 ? (3)4 )
) 42 : 34 ) 27 ? 34 ? 5
6
3
2
2 N :
( )
( ) ( )
2
) (2 2)3 ? 28 ) (3)2 ? (3)4 ) (0,75)2 ? 3
4
12
2 14
2
) (2,5)4 ? (4)4
) 412 : 220 )
?
3
3
3 N :
) (x2)3 ? 5x4 ) (xy3)2 ? x3y
2 3
) 3 x : x2 ) (3x2)3 ? (2x3)2
) 363 : (12)3
) (0,01)3 ? 105
) (2x)2 ? (2x2)
)
3
3 3
x : x
2
2
4 N :
= 3 ? (2)2 + 4 (7)0 ? 2 8 ? (21 1) 2 ? 32 = ( 4)2 : 2 5 (3) ? 22 (2)4

= (2,5)2 ? (1,25)3 ? (4)2 ? (8)3 =
(257 ? 84) : (57 ? 404)
5 ,
;
19
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1

x
w
x 25 = 5, 52 = 25
x. .. w
0 = 0.
w
2
(5)2 = w
25 = 5 = u 5 u .
(5) = 25, w
, x :
w
(7) 2 = u 7u = 7,
w
x2 = x
w
72 = 7
,
.
9 )2 = 32 = 9, (w
9 )2 = 9.
: (w
x
0,
(wx )2 = x
1. (= )
w
4 ...
4
w
4 ? w
100 ... w
4 ? 100
w
100
100
2. :
2 ...
2
w
2 ? w
5 ... w
2 ? 5 w
w
5
4 100 :
w
4 ? w
100 = w
4 ? 100
w
4
w
100
100

2 5. ,
,
. .
, :

w
? w
= w
.

.
w

w
>0
20
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.1
,
.
2
2
2
2
? w
) = (w
) ? (w
) =
(w
) =
(w
, w
? w
w

, .
? w
= w
.
w
.
16 + w
9 = 4 + 3 = 7, w
16 + 9 = w
25 = 5
w
16 + w
9 w
16 + 9.
w
:
+ w
w
+
, , w

20 = 2w
5 ,
1 N w
w
2 = w
.
20 = 4 ? 5 = 22 ? 5 w
20 = w
22 ? 5 = w
22 ? w
5 = 2w
5.
2
2
= w
? w
= w
.
w
20
.. 20 = 2 ? 10,
2 N :
3 + 2w
3 = 5w
3
) 3w
) w
3 ? w
24 = 6w
2
) w
50 w
18 = 2w
2
) :
3 + 2w
3 = (3 + 2)w
3 = 5w
3
3w
3 ? w
24 = w
3 ? 24 = w
72 = w
36 ? 2 = w
36 ? w
2 = 6w
2
) w
50 w
18 = w
25 ? 2 w
9 ? 2 = w
25 ? w
2 w
9 ? w
2 = 5w
2 3w
2 = 2w
2
) w
5
, ,
3 N
w
3
.
o
.
5w
3
5 ?w
3
5
5w
3
=
=
=
3
3 )2
w
3 ? w
3 (w
w
3
21
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1
4 12 m2 3 m2 .
.
2 = 12 m2,
12 m.
= w
T 2 = 3 m2,
3 m.
= w
:
12 ? w
3 = w
12 ? 3 = w
3 6 = 6 m 2.
= ? = w
:
12 + w
3=
= + = + = w
w
4 ? 3 + w
3 = 2w
3 + w
3 = 3w
3 m.
12 m2
3 m2
E
1 :
3 + w
3 = .....
) 3w
12 ? w
3 = .....
) w
) 5w
2 3w
2 = .....
) w
18 : w
2 = .....
) w
5 + 4w
5 5w
5 = .....
) 3w
2 ? w
8 = .....
2
.

w
25
w
25
w
25
w
52
w
(5)2
w
52
1. 5
4
1
9 16
64 36
w
w
3. 5
2.
3 :
w
+ w
+ w

w
w
? w
22
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.1
4 (), (),
.
2 ? w
3 = w
6
) w
) w
2 + w
3 = w
5
9 = 3
)
2
4
(3)2 = 3
) w
2
1
1
)
= 2 1
2 1
) w
5 w
10.
) w
12 w
3.
5 50 m2.
2 m;
5w

1 N :
) 3w
5 7w
5 + 2w
5 ) 5w
7 8w
3 2w
7 + 4w
3
58 37 ? 127
5 ?
)
2
145 ? 107 + 212 ? 143
2 N :
) 3w
2 w
50 + w
32 6w
8 = 10w
2 ) w
27 w
20 + w
12 w
5 = 5w
3 3w
5
3 ? w
18 w
2 ? w
48 +
) w
w
120
= w
6
w
5
3 N :
86+2
12+w
52w
)
16 )
9
) w
3,6 ? w
4,9 w
0,8 ? w
0,2 = 3,8
6
12
3w
4 N
, . ;

5w
2
w
2
4w
2
2w
2
3w
2
3w
2
23
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1
5 N :
) w
2 (w
18 + w
8 ) ) w
6 (w
27 w
3)
) (w
75 + w
45 w
300 ) : w
15
) (w
7 w
5 )(w
7 + w
5)
6 N , ,
.
2w
3 + w
6
) 1 ) 4 ) 5 )
w
3
w
6
w
2
5
2w
7 N :
) w
5 + x = 3w
5 x ) w
6 x = w
24
) x = w
32
) 3w
3 x = w
27
w
2
3 1)(w
3 + 1) = 2. 8 N (w

.
w
31
, , -
9 , E
50 m2 8 m2 ,
98 m2.
50 m2
8 m2
10 = 3 cm = 6 cm ,
, , = 2 cm AE = 1 cm.
= 3.
= 4 cm = 4 cm.
)
5 cm.
4 + 4w
) 4
:
20 , 4 + 2w
20 , 8w
5 , 2(2 + w
20).
4 + w
;
4 cm
11 ( = ),
4 cm
24
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.2
4

4

4
M
.

.
.
1.
5
5
2.
x
x
x
x

.
2x2 + xy.
x = 5 y = 8,
;
A
, - 6 ? 5 + 2 ? 8,

.
, ,
.
.
4x,
2 ? 52 + 5 ? 8
2 + 2,
2x
,
y3
x 2,
2x 2 + xy
, ,

2x + 32, 1 + 2 , 4 R 3
2
3
.
A
,
.
, 2x2 + xy x = 5 y = 8,
2 ? 52 + 5 ? 8 = 90.
25
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1
,

,
.

,

.

. , .. x1=x,

1.

.
4x,
x 2,
2
, w
2 x 4y 2 3
3
2x 3 y
2x3y :
3 x
1 y
4 x y
.
2 x 3y 2, 5x3y2, x3y2, .
5
,
, .
2x 3y 2x 3y .

. , 0
, . ,
5 .

1 N
) 3x 2y 3 , x = 2 y = 1
) 22 3 + 6 = 3 = 8.

) H 3x 2y 3 x = 2 y = 1 :
3 ? (2)2 ? (1)3 = 3 ? (+4) ? (1) = 12.
) 22 3 + 6 = 3 = 8 :
2 ? (3)2 3 ? 8 + 6 = 2 ? (+9) 24 + 6 = 18 24 + 6 = 0.
26
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.2 M
2 T ( ) , ( cm)
= 100 + t , t ( ) (
10
= 0,9 = 0,8).
, 30
1,77 m.

T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,
= 0,9 ? 177 100 + 30 = 0,9 ? (177 100 + 3) = 0,9 ? 80 = 72 .
10
T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,

= 0,8 ? 177 100 + 30 = 0,8 ? (177 100 + 3) = 0,8 ? 80 = 64 .
10

3

,
. , .

= 10.

T 2, (2)2 = 42.
2, 42 2.
42 2
42 2 = (4 )2
4 2.
= 10 cm, ,
(4 3,14) ? 102 = 0,86 ? 100 = 86 cm2.
E
1 ;
3
) 3x2y
) 3 + x2y
x y

2
) 2x2y3 ) (3 w
2 )3 ) 2 3
3
2 :
) 6x2y2 )
3 3
xy ) x3y
5
3
) xy
) x2y2 ) yx3
7
) 5y3x
yx 3
4
) 5 y 2x 2
2
) w
2xy3
27
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1
3 N :

x
y
x y
5xy 4
xy 2
1
x 2y 5
7
w
3 x4
1
4 3 xy23.
.
5 .
O
1. 1. .
2. 7x4y5 x
( ). 4.
2. 8, 5, 0, 3. 3. 3.
3x2 y.
4. 2x2y 2. .
6
5. x3y, 3x3y. 4. 5xy2, w
25 xy2.
2
6. O xy. 5. E 425, 25.
7. xy2 4xy2 6. H ......... 2x2y
( ). x = 2 y = 1 8.
8. . 7. 6, 3, 7.
8. .
28
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.2 M

1 N :
) 2xy3 + x2y 4 x = 2 y = 1
1
2
) x2 + 3 x = 3 = 2
2
3
5
2 7 , .
, 2 5.
3 , 3xy2
) x
) x y
) 48, x = 2 y = 1.
4 , , , 4x3y, xy2 :
)
5
.
,
.
, = 10;
6 9 .

,
2 1 .
.
, x = 12;
29
1/15/13 4:21 PM
M - 1

.. 5x3 + 2x3

5x 3 + 2x 3 = (5 + 2)x 3 = 3x 3
:

.
, 12x2y 3x2y = 15x2y.
A , 3x 5y, 3x + 5y
.

.. (2x)(3x2y)
(2x)(3x 2 y) = (2)x ? 3x 2 y = (2) ? 3(xx 2 )y = 6x 3 y .
:
:

.
(3x 4y 3)
( 25 x ) = 65
3
x 5 y 3 4.

.
,
-12 4y 2
y
2
12 4
4
2
2
(12x y ) : (4x y) =
? 2 ? y ?
= 3x 2.
=
2
4x y
7 y 4
7y 3
= x2
: (7xy ) : (x y) =
x3y
4
,
.
30
1/15/13 4:21 PM
1.2 M

1 N :
) 7x2
) (
2
1
1
x2 + 4x2 ) xy2 ? x3y2
3
4
2
( 34 ) : ( 12 )
1
14
8
1
1
7
) 7x2 2 x2 + 4x2 = 7
+ 4 x2 =
+
x2 =
x2
2
2
2
2
2
)
)
) (
1
2
2 2
1 4 4
xy
xy ? 4 x3y 2 = 12 x4 y4 =
3
6
2
( 34 ) : ( 12 ) = 34 : ( 2 ) = 34 ? ( ) =
3
63
32
3 =
4
22
2 .
t sec
,
, .

A
1 2
gt , g = 10 m/sec2 . = 5t2.
=
2
A ,
t
sec

2
=
( )
5 2
t2
1
t 2 1
=
?g?
=
t.
? 10 ?
4
4
2
2
2
H = = 5t2
20
15
5 2
5 2
t = 4 t2
t = 4 t 2.
4
4
3 M , ,
. -

. ;

V1 = 2.
,
V2 = (2)2 = (42) = 42.
V2 V1 = 42 2 = 32,
2 .
.
31
1/15/13 4:21 PM
:
) 5x2 + 2x2 = .......... ) 5x2 ? 2x3 = ..........
) 4x2y yx2 = .......... ) 2xy ? y2 = ..........
12x3 y
4x2
) 5x43 (.....) = 10x64 )
=
........
y
) 3x 2y + 2x = ..........
) 6x3y : 3xy = ..........
) 3x2y ..... = 4x2y

1 N :
) 7x2y + 4x2y
) 4x2 6x2 + x2 ) 6x3
) 0,25 0,35 + 0,5 )
2 N :
3
2
2
) 6x ?
) 3x ? 5x
1 3
? 43
3
2 2 4
xy 1,2xy24
5
) 123 : (3)
) (0,84x25) : (0,12x3)
) 3w
2x2 + 4w
2x2 w
2x2
) 2xy3 ? (3x2y)
x3
4
1
) 3 x32 ? x3
4
3 N :
9 3
x
2
) 3x2y ? (2xy4)
5
2 3
xy ? (3x2) ? 6 y3
5
) ( 65 )
7
1
)
) (x ) : ( x ) ) (0,5 ) : (
10
4
) 8x2y : (2xy2)
3
1
) 3 35 :
3 7
2 2
2 2
4 :
1 2 2
x y ? (6xy3)
3
) (2x2y3)3 : (8x3y4)
) (2xy43)2 ? (x2y)3
1. 3

4 M ,
.
4 M .
A
1. .
2. .
;
3. ,
.
,
.
,
, . .. 3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3
K
.
3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

3x2y, 2xy4, 5x3y3.
E,
3 2 2
,
2 2 3 + 4
, .

, .
3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

3 x,
4 y,
6 x y.
. , ,
, .
, ,
.
33
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
3x + 2x2 + 5 x
(x) Q(x) A(x) ...
(x) = 3x + 2x2 + 5
, .
, (x) = 2x2 3x + 5.
T, , x.
H (x) x = 5, (5) :
(5) = 2 ? 52 3 ? 5 + 5 = 50 15 + 5 = 40.
,
.
3x2 5x + 1 x2 + x + 1
, = 3 = 5.

,
, .

.
22 3 + 42 5 =
22 + 42 3 5 = 62 8
,
,
.

.
, (x) = 3x3 2x2 7x 5 (x) = 2x3 x2 + x
:
(x) + B(x) = (3x3 2x2 7x 5) + (2x3 x2 + x) = ( )
=
3x3 2x2 7x 5 + 2x3 x2 + x = ( )
=
5x3 3x2 6x 5.
, :
(x) B(x) = (3x3 2x2 7x 5) (2x3 x2 + x) =
=
3x3 2x2 7x 5 2x3 + x2 x =
=
x3 x2 8x 5.

1 ) (x) = 4x2 8x + x3 5
x .
) (x) Q(x) = x2 + x + ,
, , , ;
34
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.3 o

) (x) = 4x2 8x + x3 5, x
(x) = x3 + 4x2 8x 5. To P(x) , 0
, = 0.
) (x) = x3 + 4x2 8x 5 Q(x) = x2 + x + ,
= 0, = 4, = 8 = 5.
2 x
500 C , 10 C
1 2
(, , ...)
x C (,
10
...). x ;
, 50 ;

10 C,
x 10x C. C,
1 2
x + 10x + 500
(x) =
10
50 :
1
1
(50) = 10 502 + 10 ? 50 + 500 =
2500 + 500 + 500 = 1250 C
10
3 (x) = x2 3x + 4, Q(x) = P(2x) P(x).

o (2x) , (x) , x 2x, :
(2x) = (2x)2 3(2x) + 4 = 4x2 6x + 4
(x) , (x) , x x, :
(x) = (x)2 3(x) + 4 = x2 + 3x + 4. :
Q(x) = P(2x) P(x) = (4x2 6x + 4) (x2 + 3x + 4) =
=
4x2 6x + 4 x2 3x 4 = 3x2 9x
E
1 ;
1
) 3x4 7x2 12
x
1
) x3 + 2x2y w
2 x2y 5xy + y2 +
x y2 + 3y3
) w
3
) 4x3 5x2 + 2x
2 2 x;

) 7 3x 2x2 ) 3x2 5x 3x2 + 10

) 4x3 + x2 3x3 + 2x x3 + 6 ) 2xy 3y + 9
35
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
3 4x3 8x2 + x + 7 x3 6x + 2

4x3 8x 2 + x + 7 4x3 8x 2 + x + 7
+ x3 6x + 2 + x3 + 6x 2
5x3 8x2 5x + 9 3x3 8x2 + 7x + 5
E ; .
4 .
2x2 + 5x + 7
8x2 + 4x 5 :
) 6x2 + x 2 ) 10x2 + 9x + 2 ) 6x2 x 12 ) 6x2 + x + 12.
5 T (x), B(x) (x) 2, 3 2 .
) (x) + B(x).
) A (x) + (x) , ;

1 N x.
) P(x) = 3x 5x2 + x4 + 10 + 2x3 ) Q(x) = 6x + 2x3 + 1

) A(x) = 3x2 + 7 + 2x3 + 7x ) (x) = x x4 5
2 = 2xy2 + y3 + 2x3 xy2.
) x = 2 y = 1.
) y.
x y;
3 A (x) = 2x2 + 2x 9, :
) (3) = (2)
) 3(1) + (3) = 0
, 100 2x .
) .
)
, 60 .
100 m
2x
36
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.3 o
5 N :
) (2x2 x) (x3 5x2 + x 1) ) 3x2y (2xy yx2) + (3xy y3)

) (22 3) (2 + 4) (2 + 2) ) 22 f4 3 (2 + 5)g
)
( 12 x
) (
3
1
1
x+1
x + x2
4
3
6
) (0,4x3 + 2,3x2) + (3,6x3 0,3x2 + 4)
6 A (x) = 2x3 x2 + x 4, B(x) = 3x3 + 5x 2 (x) = 4x2 3x + 8,

:
) (x) B(x)
) (x) + (x)
) (x) fA(x) + B(x)g
7 N :
) (... ..... 4x ... .....) + (x2 ... ..... + 4) = 6x2 8x + 7

) (x3 ... ..... + 8) (... ..... + x2 ... .....) = x3 x2 + 5x + 9
8 . ( , ).
2x2+2x3 7x2+3x 4
9x23x+2
4x2+4x5
9 A P(x) = (5x2 + 4x 3) (x2 2x + 1) + (3x2 + x) Q(x) = x2 + x + ,

, , , (x) Q(x) .
10
t sec
= 2 m/sec2.
,
10 sec .

.
,
t = 5 sec;
37
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.4

:
4
4
1. ( + )
3x2(2x3 + 6x).
2. ( + )( + )
(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5).

3x2(2x3 + 6x) 3x2
2x3 + 6x, ,
3x2(2x3 + 6x) = 3x2 ? 2x3 + 3x2 ? 6x = 6x5 + 18x3
:
, .

(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5)
3x2y + 2y 2x2 + 5, ,

(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5) = 3x2y ? 2x2 + 3x2y ? 5 + 2y ? 2x2 + 2y ? 5 =
=
6x4y + 15x2y + 4x2y + 10y = 6x4y + 19x2y + 10y

:
,

.
,

.
38
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.4

1 N :
)
2 2
1
x y x y3
3
3
) 4x(2x 2 + 3x 1) 3x 2(2x + 5)
) (2x 2 5x + 6)(x 2)
) 2x 2 (x + 4)(x 1)
2
2
1
2 2
x y x y 3 = x 3 y + 9 x 2 y 2 + 2x 2 y
3
3
3
) (2x2 5x + 6)(x 2) = 2x3 4x2 5x2 + 10x + 6x 12 = 2x3 9x2 + 16x 12

) 4x(2x2 + 3x 1) 3x2(2x + 5) = 8x3 + 12x2 4x + 6x3 15x2 = 2x3 3x2 4x
) 2x2 (x + 4)(x 1) = 2x2(x2 x + 4x 4) = 2x2(x2 + 3x 4) = 2x4 6x3 + 8x2
O

. ,
()
(2x2 5x + 6)(x 2)
:
2x2 5x + 6
x 2
2 ? (2x2 5x + 6)
4x2 + 10x 12
x ? (2x2 5x + 6) + 2x3 5x2 + 6 x

2x3 9x2 + 16x 12
x
x
2 ,
.
,

.
x+10
2x

H 2x + y 4x + 10,
(2x + y)(4x + 10).
y x + 10,
y(x + 10).
,
:
(2x + y)(4x + 10) y(x + 10) = 8x2 + 20x + 4xy + 10y xy 10y =
=
8x2 + 20x + 3xy
39
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
E
1
, .

B
1. x2 x
x(x + 1)
2. x2 + 1
(x + 1)(x 1) 3. x2 + 2x + 1
x(x 1)
4. x2 + 2x + 3
2
(x + 1)(1 + x) 5. x + x
6. x2 + 3x + 2
(x + 1)(x + 2)
7. x2 1

2 (), ()
.
) (x) 3 Q(x)
2, (x) ? Q(x) 6.
) (x) ? Q(x) 7
(x) 3, Q(x) 4.
3 :
) x(2x + .....) = ..... + 4x ) 3x2(..... 2) = 3x 3y .....

) (x + 5)(..... + 3) = 2x2 + ..... + 10x + ..... ) (x2 + y)(x .....) = ..... x2y 2 + ..... y3
4 .
i) O
:
) 3x + 1 ) x3 + 1 ) x3 + x2 ) x3 + x
ii) T :
) 6x2 + 4x + 1 ) 4x2 + 6x
) 6x2 + 4x + 2 ) 6x2 + 4x
5 O

:
) (x + 2)(x + 3) ) 2x ? 3x
) x2 + 6 ) x2 + 5x + 6
x
x+1
;
40
1/15/13 4:22 PM
N :
) 3x 2 y(5x + 2y)
) 5x(2x 3) 3x(2 3x)
N :
) (2 3)(4 + 2)
) 3x2(2x + 3)(5 x)
) (2x2 3x 4)(3x2 + x)
) 4x(2x 2 x + 2) 8x
) 2xy(x2 3y2) 4x(x 2 y 2y 3)
) (x 2 2x + 4)(x + 2) 8
) (4 3x)(5 2x) 6x(x 4)
) (3x2 2xy 5y 2)(4y x)
N :
) 2x(x2 x + 1)(x 2) (x 1)(2x 3)(x + 2)
) (3x 2)(x2 x)(4x 3)
) (2x + y)(x2 3xy) (3x y)(4x + y)(2x 3y)
N :
) (x2 4x + 4)(x2 + 4x + 4) x2(x2 8) 16 = 0
) (3 + 8)( ) ( + 2)( 3) = 62
(x) = 2x2 + 5x 3 Q(x) = 4x 5, :

) fP(x) 2g ? fQ(x) + 3g
) (x) ? Q(x)
) P(x) ? f3Q(x) + 11x 12g
1. 5
4 .
4 .
4 .
1. 3x = 12, x + y = 7, 4 = 3 + , x(x + 2) = x2 + 2x,

;
2. ) .

)

;
i) x2 + 9 ii) (x + 3)2
iii) x2 + 6x iv) 6x + 9
) N

.
3
3
x
3
x
x
x
3
Y
. , 3x = 12, x = 4
x. O, x + y = 7, x = 1
y = 6, x = 3 y = 4, x = 4 y = 5.
Y ,
: + = + , 4 = 3 + , x(x + 2) = x2 + 2x.
.

.
T ,
. :
42
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.5 A
)
( + )2 ( + )( + )
, :
( + )2 = ( + )( + ) =
=
2 + + + 2 =
=
2 + 2 + 2
( + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2

( + )2.
, (y + 4)2 ,

y 4, :
(y + 4)2 = y2 + 2 ? y ? 4 + 42 = y2 + 8y + 16.
H , ,
,
, ..
(2x + 3y)2 = (2x)2 + 2 ? 2x ? 3y + (3y)2 = 4x2 + 12xy + 9y2

( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
)
( )2 ( )( )
,

( ) 2 = 2 2 + 2
( )2 = 2
:
( )2 = ( )( ) = 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2
, (y 4)2 ,
y 4,
:
(y 4)2 = y2 2 ? y ? 4 + 42 = y2 8y + 16
O, (3x 4y)2
:
(3x 4y)2 = (3x)2 2 ? (3x) ? (4y) + (4y)2 = 9x2 24xy + 16y2

( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2

.
+ ,
:
(1)
= ( + )2

.
= 2 + + + 2
= + 2 +
2
(2)
(1) (2)

( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2.
+ 2
43
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
)
( + )3 ( + )( + )2 + ( + )2, :
( + )3 = ( + )( + )2 =
= ( + )(2 + 2 + 2) =
= 3 + 22 + 2 + 2 + 22 + 3 =
= 3 + 32 + 32 + 3

( + ) 3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3

3
3
2
2
3
( ) = 3 + 3
:
(x + 2)3 = x3 + 3 ? x2 ? 2 + 3 ? x ? 22 + 23 = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8
(2x 5)3 = (2x)3 3 ? (2x)2 ? 5 + 3 ? (2x) ? 52 53 = 8x3 60x2 + 150x 125.
)
( + )( ) :
( + )( ) = 2 + 2 = 2 2

( + )( ) = 2 2

. , :
(x + 2)(x 2) = x2 22 = x2 4
(3 + 2)(3 2) = (3)2 (2)2 = 92 42
)
( )(2 + + 2) :
( )(2 + + 2) = 3 + 2 + 2 2 2 3 = 3 3

( )( 2 + + 2) = 3 3

2
2
3
3
( + )( + ) = +

. :
(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) = (x 2)(x2 + 2x + 22) = x3 23 = x3 8

(x + 3)(x2 3x + 9) = (x + 3)(x2 3x + 32) = x3 + 33 = x3 + 27
44
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.5 A

1 ) ( + + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2.
) (3x + 2y + 4)2.

) ( + + ) = ( + + )( + + ) =
= 2 + + + + 2 + + + + 2 =
= 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2.
2
) ,
(3x + 2y + 4)2 :
(3x + 2y + 4)2 =
= (3x)2+(2y)2+42+2 ? 3 x?2y+2?2y?4+2?3x?4 =
= 9x2 + 4y2 + 16 + 12xy + 16y + 24x.
(++)2 = 2+2+2+2+2+2
2 )
2 + 2 = ( + )2 2 3 + 3 = ( + )3 3( + ).
4
2
8
) x + x = 3, x2 + x2 x3 + x3 .

) :
( + )2 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2 + 2
( + )3 3( + ) = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3 32 32 = 3 + 3.
( )
4
2
) x2 + x2 x2 +
x

2 + 2 = ( + )2 2 :
2 2
2 2
4
2
x2 + x2 = x2 + x = x + x 2x ? x = 32 2 ? 2 = 9 4 = 5.
( ) (
( )
8
2 3
H x3 + x3 x3 +

x
3 + 3 = ( + )3 3( + ) :
2
2
2 3
2 3
8
x3 + 3 = x3 +
= x+
3x ? x ? x + x = 33 3 ? 2 ? 3 = 27 18 = 9
x
x
x
( ) (
3 ,

,
;

To 2. ,
45
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1

+ , ( )( + ) = 2 2.
, 2 2 2,
2.

3 w
5

3 + w
5 , (3 w
5 )(3 + w
5 ) = 32 (w
5 )2 = 9 5 = 4.
2(3 +w
5)
3 +w
5
2
2(3 +w
5)
.
=
=
=
2
4
5 )(3 + w
5)
(3 w
5
3 w
5 ) ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = 2.
) 2007 ? 2009 + 1
, .

) ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = (2 12 ) + 1 = 2 1 + 1 = 2.
) = 2008, 1 = 2007 + 1 = 2009.
:
2007 ? 2009 + 1 = ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = 2 = 20082.
, 2007 ? 2009 + 1 2008.

..
99 ? 101 = (100 1)(100 + 1) = 100 2 1 2 = 10000 1 = 9999
1032 = (100 + 3) 2 = 100 2 + 2 ? 100 ? 3 + 3 2 = 10609
6 :
) (2x 3)2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1)
) (x 2y)3 (x y)(x2 + xy + y2).
) (2x 3)2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1) = f(2x)2 2 ? 2x ? 3 + 32g 2f(3x)2 12g =

=
(4x2 12x + 9) 2(9x2 1) =
=
4x2 12x + 9 18x2 + 2 = 14x2 12x + 11
) (x 2y)3 (x y)(x2 + xy + y 2) = fx 3 3 ? x2 ? 2y + 3 ? x ? (2y)2 (2y)3g (x3 y 3)=
=
x3 6x 2y + 12xy 2 8y3 x3 + y3 =
=
6x 2y + 12xy 2 7y3
46
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.5 A
7 (2 + 2)(x 2 + y 2) = (x + y)2 + (y x)2

( T Lagrange).
1 :
(2 + 2)(x2 + y2) = 2x 2 + 2 y 2 + 2x 2 + 2 y 2
2 :
(x + y)2 + (y x)2 = (x)2 + 2(x)(y) + (y)2 + (y)2 2(y)(x) + (x)2 =
=
2x 2 + 2xy + 2y 2 + 2y 2 2xy + 2x 2 =
=
2x 2 + 2y 2 + 2x 2 + 2y 2
(2 + 2)(x2 + y2) = (x + y)2 + (y x)2.

= , :

( 1, 2, 5)
1
= .

2
= .
= = = ( 7).
E
1 ;
) 0x = 0
) x + y = 0
) 2 = 3
) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 9
) = 0
2 .
i) (x + )2 :
) x2 + 2 ) x2 2x + 2 ) x2 + x + 2 ) x2 + 2x + 2
ii) (2 + 1)2 :
) 22 + 4 + 1 ) 42 + 1 ) 42 + 4 + 1
) 42 + 2 + 1
iii) (y 2)2 :
) y2 2y + 4 ) y2 4 ) y2 4y + 4
) y2 + 4y + 4
3 (), (),
.
) (x y)2 = x2 2x(y) + (y)2
) ( + )2 = 2 2 + 2
) (5 + 4)2 = 252 + 16
) (3x y)2 = 3x2 2 ? 3x ? y + y2
47
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
4 .
i) T (x + 1)3 :
) x3 + 3 ? x ? 1 + 13 ) x3 + 13
) x3 + 3 ? x2 ? 1 + 3 ? x ? 12 + 13 ) x3 + x2 ? 1 + x ? 12 + 13
ii) T ( 2)3 :

) 3 3 ? ? 2 + 23 ) 3 23
) 3 2 ? 2 + ? 22 23 ) 3 3 ? 2 ? 2 + 3 ? ? 22 23
5 () (),
.
) (x y)3 = x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3

) (2x + 3)3 = 2x3 + 3 ? 2x2 ? 3 + 3 ? 2x ? 32 + 33
) (3x 1)3 = (3x)3 3(3x)2 ? 1 + 3(3x) ? 12 + 13
) (x + 2)3 = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8
6 .
i) T (y 3)(y + 3) :
) y 2 3 ) 9 y 2 ) y 2 9 ) 3 y 2
ii) T (y + x)(x y) :
) y 2 x2 ) x2 y 2 ) (x y)2 ) x2 + y 2
iii) T ( 2)( + 2) :
) 2 22
) 2 + 42 ) 42 2
) 2 42
iv) T (5 x)(52 + 5x + x2) :

) 53 + x3 ) x3 53 ) 53 x3 ) 25 x3
v) To (x + 2)(x2 2x + 42) :

) x3 + 23
) x3 (2)3 ) x3 23
) x3 + 83
7
, .

1. x2 2xy + y 2
2. x3 y3

. (x + y)2
3. x3 3x 2y + 3xy 2 + y3
2
. (y x)
4. y2 x2
2
2
. (x y)(x2 + xy + y2) 5. x + 2xy + y
2
2
6. x y
. (x +y)(x2 xy + y2)
7. x3 + y3
3
. (x y)
8. x3 3x 2y + 3xy 2 y3
. (x + y)(y x)
48
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.5 A

1 N :
) (x + 2)2 ) (y + 5)2 ) (2 + 1)2 ) ( + 2)2

) (3y + 2)2
) (x2 + 1)2 ) ( y2 + y)2 ) (2x2 + 3x)2
1 2
4 2
) (x + w
2)2 ) (w
x + w
y )2 ) + 2 ) +
2 N :
) (x 3)2 ) (y 5)2 ) (3 1)2 ) (2 )2

) (3y 2)2
) (x2 2)2 ) (y2 y)2 ) (2x2 5x)2
2 2
3 2
) (x w
3 )2 ) (w
x w
y )2 )
)
3 X :
3 + 1)2 ) (w
6 + w
5)2
) (w
4 :
) (x ... .....)2 = ..... + ..... + 9

) (..... .....)2 = 16x2 ... 8x ... .....
) (w
2 3)2 ) (1 w
7)2
) ( ..... ... 4)2 = y2 ..... ... .....

) (..... ... 2)2 = ..... 4x2 ... .....
5 :
) (x + 1)3 ) (y + 4)3 ) (2 + 1)3 ) (3 + 2)3

) (x2 + 3)3
) (y2 + y)3 ) (x 2)3 ) (y 5)3
) (3 1)3 ) (2x 3y)3 ) (y2 2)3
) (2 2)3
6 :
) (x 1)(x + 1)
) (x + 4)(4 x)
) (2x + 7y)(2x 7y)
) (y 2)(y + 2) ) (3 )(3 + )
) (x y)(x y)
) (x + y)(x y)
2 )(x +w
2 ) ) (w
x + w
y )(w
x w
y)
) (x w
7 (x) = (x 3)2 + (3x + 1)2 10(x 1)(x + 1)

.
8 ) ( )( + )(2 + 2)(4 + 4) = 8 8.
) : 9 ? 11 ? 101 ? 10001.
9 , ,
.
1
12
6
5
)
)
)
)
w
51
w
3
+ w
6
2
w
7 w
3
2
3 + w
49
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
10 :
) (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
) (2 + 1)(42 2 + 1)
) (y + 2)(y 2 2y + 4)
) (1 )(1 + + 2)
11 :
) (x 4)2 + (2x + 5)2 ) (x2 1)2 (x2 3)(x2 + 3)

) (x + y)2 (x 2y)(x + 2y) + (2x y)2 ) (3x 4)2 + (3x + 4)2 2(3x 4)(3x + 4)
) (2 + 1)3 + (2 1)3 ) ( + 2)3 ( + 2)(2 2 + 4)
) (2 + )3 (2 )3 ) (4 1)3 (8 + 1)(8 1)
12 :
) (x 2y)2 (2x y)2 + 3x2 = 3y2

) ( 3)2 + (3 + 2)(3 2) (3 )2 = 2 + 42
) (x 1)(x + 1)3 2x(x 1)(x + 1) = x4 1
) (2 + 2)2 (2)2 = (2 2)2
) ( 4)2 + (2 3)2 = 2 + (2 5)2
) (2x2 + 2x)2 + (2x + 1)2 = (2x2 + 2x + 1)2
5 y = 3 w
5, :
13 A x = 3 + w
) xy
) x2 y2 ) x2 + y2 ) x3 + y3
5
) ( 5 ) = 20
1
1
) x = (2005 + 401 ) (2005
401 )
(
14 ) +
15 A ,
.
5x+2
16 .
.
3x+2
.

4x+1
.

.
4
. ;
2 + 2 ( )2
.
2
) ,
10 cm, 2 cm.
17 ) =
50
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.5 A
18
,
.

;
.

+
1 (+)0= 1
1 1 (+)1= 1 + 1
1 2 1 (+)2= 12 + 2 + 12

1 3 3 1 (+)3= 13 + 32 + 32 +13
1 4 6 4 1 (+)4= 14+ 43 + 622 + 43 +14
5
1

1 (+) = .... + .... + .... + .... + .... + ....
6
1

1 (+) = .... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... .... ...

+ .
1.
,
.
Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)
.
1.

;
2. ( + )5
( + )6,
.
3. ( )6,
,
, +.
.. ( )2 = 2 2 + 2, ( )3 = 3 32 + 32 3
4. ;
51
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
A , ,
, ,
2 = 2 + 2 (1)

;
, , ,
(1), .
5, 4, 3 52 = 42 + 32.
, , ;
(6 ..)
2 1
2 + 1
,
, , ( = 3, 5, 7, ...)
2
2
.
) ;
) .
(5 4 ..)
2
2
1, , ( = 4, 6, 8, ...)
+ 1,
4
4
.
) ;
)
.
O (3 ..)
,
(
). 2 + 2, 2 2, 2,
, , .
) ;
)
.

:
(,
...)
( ,
...).
52
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.6
1. :

) 7,32 25 + 7,32 75
1
7
) 347 6 347 6
R=32,50 m
2. R = 32,50 m
= 7,50 m.

.
=7,50 m
, , ,
,
.
, ,
, .
, R2 2
(R2 2) (R + )(R ) = R2 2,
:
R 2 2 = (R 2 2 ) = (R + )(R )
R2 2 (R + ) (R
). (R+), (R )
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
53
053-084.indd 53
3/26/13 2:50 PM
M - 1
)

,

.
3 + 3 3
3( + )
, 3 + 3 3
3, :
3 + 3 3 = 3( + ).
22 2 + 2, 2 2 + 2 1,
2.
,
:
22 2 + 2 = 2( + 1).
,
2.

:
22
=
(22) : (2) =
2
2
(2) : (2) =
=
2
2
(2) : (2) =
=1
2
N :
) 12x2 y 30xy2 + 6x 2y 2 ) ( x) + 3(x )
) 3(2x 1) + x(4x 2)
) 12x 2y 30xy 2 + 6x 2y 2 =
6xy, = 6xy 2x - 6xy 5y + 6xy xy=
: = 6xy(2x 5y + xy)
) , ( x)
3(x ). ( x) + 3(x ) =
x, = ( x) 3( x) =
3( x), : = ( x)( 3)
) A 3(2x 1) + x(4x 2) =
2, = 3(2x 1) + 2x(2x 1)=
2x 1, : = (2x 1)(3 + 2x)
) ()
x + y + 2x + 2y,
. ,
54
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.6
2,
x + y. , :
x + y + 2x + 2y = (x + y) + 2(x + y) = (x + y) ( + 2)
T .
. , :
x + y + 2x + 2y = ( + 2) + y( + 2) = ( + 2) (x + y)
N :
) 3x3 12x2 + 5x 20 ) 3 3 + 9
) 3x2 + 5xy + 2y2

) 3x3 12x2 + 5x 20 = 3x2(x 4) + 5(x 4) = (x 4)(3x2 + 5)
) 3 3 + 9 = ( 3) 3( 3) = ( 3)( 3)
) 3x2 + 5xy + 2y2 = 3x2 + 3xy + 2xy + 2y2 =
= 3x(x + y) + 2y(x + y) =
= (x + y)(3x + 2y).
M ,

.. 5xy = 3xy + 2xy
)

( + )( ) = 2 2, :
2 2 = ( + )( )
,
, .. 2 9 = 2 3 2 = ( + 3) ( 3).
N : ) 42 25
) (3x 1)2 81 ) 2 7.

) 42 25 = (2)2 52 = (2 + 5)(2 5)
) (3x 1)2 81 = (3x 1)2 92 =
= (3x 1 + 9)(3x 1 9) =
= (3x + 8)(3x 10)
7 ) = ( w
7 )( + w
7)
) 2 7 = 2 (w
2
55
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
)
( )(2 + + 2) = 3 3 ( + )(2 + 2) = 3 + 3
:
3 3 = ( )(2 + + 2)
3 + 3 = ( + )(2 + 2)
,
, ..
x 3 64 = x 3 4 3 = (x 4) (x 2 + x 4 + 42) = (x 4) (x 2 + 4x + 16)
y 3 +27 = y 3 + 3 3 = (y + 3) (y 2 y 3 + 32) = (y + 3) (y 2 3y + 9)
N :
) x3 27
) x3 + 64
) 83 3
) x3 27 = x3 33 = (x 3)(x2 + x 3 + 32) =
= (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
) x3 + 64 = x3 + 43 = (x + 4)(x2 x 4 + 42) =
= (x + 4)(x2 4x + 16)
) 83 3 = (2)3 3 = (2 )(2)2 + 2 + 2 = (2 )(42 + 2 + 2)
)
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 ( )2 = 2 2 + 2 :
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
2 2 + 2 = ( )2
,
O (x + 2)2
( ), ..
(y 3)2
x 2 + 4x + 4 = x 2 + 2 x 2 + 22 = (x + 2) 2
,
y 2 6y + 9 = y 2 2 y 3 + 32 = (y 3) 2
(x + 2)2 = (x + 2)(x + 2)
(y 3)2 = ( y 3)( y 3)
N :
) 42 + 12 + 9 ) 2 10 + 252
) 4y2 + 4y 1

) 42 + 12 + 9 = (2)2 + 2 2 3 + 32 = (2 + 3)2
56
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.6
) 2 10 + 252 = 2 2 5 + (5)2 =
=
( 5)2
) 4y2 + 4y 1 = (4y2 4y + 1) =
=
(2y)2 2 2y 1 + 12 =
= (2y 1)2
2
+ 2 + 2 2 2 + 2
) x2 + ( + )x +
(x + )(x + ) x2 + ( + )x + ,
(x + )(x + ) = x2 + x + x + = x2+ ( + )x + .
, x2 + ( + )x +

x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )
, x2 + 8x + 12
12 ( ) 8 ( x).
Y 12 (.. 1 12, 2 6, 3 4 ...).
, 2 6 8. :
2 + 8 + 12 = 2 + (6 + 2) + 6 2 = ( + 6)( + 2)
N :
) x2 8x + 12 ) x2 + 5x 6 ) 3y2 + 12y 9
) x2 8x + 12,
( 2)+( 6)
12
8. x 2 8x + 12 = (x 2)(x 6)
,
( 2)( 6)
.
2 6.
x2 8x + 12 = (x 2)(x 6)
) x2 + 5x 6,
, 6 5.
6 1, x2 + 5x 6 = (x + 6)(x 1).
) 3y2 + 12y 9, 3, y2 1,
3y2 + 12y 9 = 3(y2 4y + 3)
y2 4y + 3,
3 4. 3 1,
3y2 + 12y 9 = 3(y2 4y + 3) = 3(y 3)(y 1).
57
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1

1 ) 3x2 18x.
) 3x2 = 18x.

) H 3x2 18x : 3x2 18x = 3x(x 6).
) 3x2 = 18x 3x2 18x = 0
3x(x 6) = 0. 3x(x 6) ,
3x = 0 x 6 = 0, x = 0 x = 6.
x
2 A ,
1
.
.
1
y
1
y
,
,
, = x 1 + y 1 + xy + 1 1 = x + y + xy + 1.
x
, x + y + xy + 1=(x + xy) + (y + 1) =
= x(1 + y) + (1 + y) = (1 + y)(x + 1).
, 1 + y 1 + x.
1
y
3
:
) 786 45 + 786 55 ) 20052 19952 ) 565 499 + 565 66 4352.
) 786 45 + 786 55 = 786(45 + 55) = 786 100 = 78600

) 20052 19952 = (2005 1995)(2005 + 1995) = 10 4000 = 40000
) 565 499 + 565 66 4352 = 565(499 + 66) 4352 = 5652 4352 =
(565 435)(565 + 435) = 130 1000 = 130000
4 :
) 3x 2 y 12y 3
) 16 3 54
) 5x 2 y + 10x 2 + 5xy + 10x ) x 4 16y 4

) x 2 4x + 4 y 2
) 3x 3 + 12x 2 15x
) 3x2 y 12y 3 = 3y(x2 4y2 ) = 3y x2 (2y)2 = 3y(x 2y)(x + 2y)
) 5x2 y + 10x2 + 5xy + 10x = 5x(xy + 2x + y + 2) = 5x y(x + 1) + 2(x + 1) =

= 5x(x + 1)(y + 2)
58
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.6
) x 4 16y 4 =(x2)2 (4y2 )2 = (x2 + 4y2)(x2 4y2 ) = (x2 + 4y2) x2 (2y)2 =

=
(x2 + 4y2 )(x 2y)(x + 2y)
) 163 54 = 2(83 27) = 2(2)3 33 = 2(2 3)(42 + 6 + 9)
) x 2 4x + 4 y 2 = (x2 2 x 2 + 22) y2 = (x 2)2 y2 = (x 2 + y)(x 2 y).
) 3x3 + 12x2 15x = 3x(x2 + 4x 5)
To x2 + 4x 5 , 5
4, 5 1.
, 3x3 + 12x2 15x = 3x(x2 + 4x 5) = 3x(x + 5)(x 1).
E
1 ;
) 2(x y)(x + y) ) 2 + (x y)(x + y)
) (x + 2y)x y
) (x + 2y)(x y)
) ( + )( + 3) + 1.
) 4( )2 ) 4 + ( )2
) ( + )( + 3)
2 .
) 8x + 16 = 8(.............) ) 3y y 2 = y(.............)
) 6x2 + 12x = .............(x + 2) ) 4x2 + 8x = 4x(.............)
2x + w
2 = w
2(.............)
) (x 1)2 (x 1) = (x 1)(.............)
) w
3 .
3x3 + 3x2 + x + 1 :
) 3x2(x + 1) ) (x + 3)(3x2 1) ) (x + 1)(3x2 + 1) ) x(3x2 + x + 1).
4 (), (),
.
) x2 22 = (x 2)(x + 2)
) 1122 122 = 100 124
) 4x2 2 = (2x )(2x + )
2
) x 9 = (x 9)(x + 9)
2
) 4y 1 = (4y 1)(4y + 1)
) 2 ( 1)2 = ( + 1)( 1)

5
(x y)(x + y), ;
.
6 .
) 2 =
) 3 + 33 =
) (2x)3 1 =
) 1 + (5y)3 =
3
y
x
y
( 2)(................................)
( + 3)(................................)
(2x 1)(................................)
(1 + 5y)(...............................)
59
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
7 (), (),
.
5x + 25)
) x3 53 = (x 5)(x2
3
2
) 8 + = (2 + )(2 2 + 2)
) (3y)3 + 1 = (3y + 1)(3y2 3y + 1)
) 1 (2)3 = (1 2)(1 + 2 + 42)
8 .
) x2 + 6x + 9 = (.............)2 ) 42 4 + 1 = (.............)2
) y4 2y2 + 1 = (.............)2 ) 25 + 10x3 + x6 = (.............)2
2 + 2 + , > 0,
) + 2 ) 2 + 1 ) + 1
) ( + 1)
10 .
x 2 + ( + )x +
(x + )(x + )
x 2 + 3x + 2
x 2 3x + 2
x 2 + 5x 6
x 2 + 5x + 6
x2 x 2
x2 + x 2
11 .
) x2 + ( + 2)x + 2 = (x + .....) (x + .....)
) x2 + (w
2 + w
3 )x + w
6 = (x + .....) (x + .....)

1 N :
) 3 + 6 )
2x
8 ) 82 + 6
) 2x2 2xy + 2x
) 9x2 6x ) 82 + 42
2 xy w
18 y + w
8 y2
) 2 + 2 ) 23 42 + 62 ) w
2 N :
) x( ) + y( )
) 2( 2) 3(2 )
) (x + y) + (x + y) ) (3x 1)(x 2) (x + 4)(x 2)

) 4x(x 1) x + 1
) 2x2(x 3) 6x(x 3)2
60
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.6
3 i) :
) x2 + x ) 2y2 5y ) ( 3) 2(3 ) ) (3 + 1) 4
ii) :
) x2 + x = 0 ) 2y2 = 5y ) ( 3) 2(3 ) = 0 ) (3 + 1) = 4
4 :
) x2 + xy + x + y ) x3 x2 + x 1 ) x3 5x2 + 4x 20
) 2x3 3x2 + 4x 6 ) 4x2 8x x + 2 ) 9 182 + 10 5
2 x2 + x + w
2 ) w
6x2 + 2w
2x w
3x 2
) 12x2 8xy 15x + 10y ) x3 + w
5 :
) 72 + 10 + 32 ) 5x2 8xy + 3y 2 ) 3x2 xy 2y 2
6 ) 2 + 2 .
) , 2 + 2 = + ,
, .
7 :
) 22 2 + + x x
) 2 4 + 5 10 + 2 4
8 :
) x2 9 ) 16x2 1 ) 2 92
) 362 ( + 5)2
) 4(x + 1)2 9(x 2)2
) 22 4
1
) x2
) x2 3 ) x2 2y2
16
9 :
) 2x2 32 ) 28 7y2 ) 2x3 2x ) 5x2 80
10
, :
) = 53, = 28
) = 26, = 10
) = 0,37, = 0,12
11 :
) x2 49 = 0
) 9x3 4x = 0
) 2(x 1)2 8
) x(x + 1)2 = 4x
) (x + 2)3 = x + 2
12 :
) x3 27 ) y3 + 8 ) 3 + 64 ) 8x3 1 ) 27y3 + 1
13 :
) 3x3 24 ) 164 + 2
4
4
R3 3 ) 4 + 4
3
3
14 :
) x3 ..... = (x 3)(..... + ..... + 9) ) ..... + y3 = (2x + y)(4x2 ..... + .....)

) 3 ..... = ( 2)(..... + ..... + 42) ) 3 + ..... = ( + 5)(..... ..... + 252)
61
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
15 :
) x2 2x + 1 ) y2 + 4y + 4 ) 2 6 + 9 ) 2 + 10 + 25
) 1 4 + 42 ) 9x4 + 6x2 + 1 ) 4y2 12y + 9 ) 16x2 + 8xy + y2
1
y2
) 252 10 + 2 ) ( + )2 2( + ) + 1 ) 2y + 9 ) x2 + x + 4
9
:
16
) y2 + 4y 4 ) 22 8 + 82
) 43 + 122 + 9
) 3x2 + 24x + 48
17 :
)
.
)

.
x
2x
18 ,

19 :
) x2 + 3x + 2 ) y2 4y + 3 ) 2 + 5 + 6
) y2 y 12 ) 2 9 + 18
) x2 7x + 12
x+2
) 2 + 6 + 5
) 2 + 3 10
20 :
3)x + 2w
3
) x2 + (2 + w
) x2 + (2 + 3)x + 6 ) x2 + (3 w
2)x 3w
2
21 :
) 22 + 10 + 8
) 32 12 15
) x2 7x + 6
22 .
) 1453 1821 1453 821
) 999 1001 + 1
) 8012 + 199 801 ) 9982 4

) 972 + 6 97 + 9
) 9992 + 2 999 + 1
23 :
) x2y2 4y2 x2 + 4 ) x4 1 + x3 x ) x3(x2 1) + 1 x2

) (x2 + 9)2 36x2 ) 2 2 + 2 +
) x2 2xy + y2 2
) 1 2 + 2 2 ) y2 x2 10y + 25 ) 2(x1)(x24)5(x1)(x2)2
) (y2 4)2 (y + 2)2 ) (2 + 2 2)2422 ) (x2+9)(2+4) (x+6)2
24 E x, y
,
.
xy x 2y + 2,

.
62
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.7
4
(x) (x).
4
(x) (x).
1. A 325
19 , ;
.
2. (x) (x) = x2 x,
(x) = 2x2 3x 1 (x) = 7x 4.
, () ()
0 : ,
() (), :
= +
<
= 0, = .
.
, = 325 = 19,
325 : 19, = 17 = 2,

325 = 19 17 + 2 2 < 19
3 2 5 1 9

19 17
1 3 5

133

2
, (x) () (x) () (x)0

(x) : (x),
(x) () (x) (), :
(x) = (x)(x) + (x)
(T )
(x) (x).
,
(x) = 2x2 5x3 + 2x4 4 + 8x (x) = x2 x.
63
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1

2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x

x.
2x4
4
3
2
2
2x4
x2 x2 = 2x2 2x 5x + 2x + 8x 4 x x

22
2
To 2x
.
2x2,
, x2 x
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2x2(x2 x) = 2x4 2x3
2x 4 + 2x3
22
.

3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
,

1 = 3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4.
3x3
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2
1 x
2x 4 + 2x3
22 3
3x3
x2 = 3x . 3x

3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
.
4
3
2
2
3x, - 2x 5x + 2x + 8x 4 x x
4
3
2x + 2x
22 3
, x2 x

3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
3x(x2 x) = 3x3 + 3x2 3x3 3x2
1

x2 + 8x 4
2 = x2 + 8x 4.
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
4
3
2231
2x + 2x

3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
( )
3x3 3x2

x2 + 8x 4
x2 x ( ),

2
.
7 4
, :
2x4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 = (x2 x) (2x2 3x 1) + (7x 4)
() = () ()
+ ()

.
64
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.7
(8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5) : (2x2 + 3x 1), :
8x 4 + 8x3
+ 17x 5 2x2+3x1
2 ,
4
3
2
422+5
, - 8x 12 + 4

4x3 + 4x2 + 17x 5
,
+ 4x3 + 6x2 2
-

102 + 15x 5

102 15x + 5
.

, ,
:
8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5 = (2x2 + 3x 1) (4x2 2x + 5)
() = ()
()
T = 2x2 + 3x 1 = 4x2 2x + 5
= 8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5.

,
: , , = ? .

1 ) (4x4 + 3x2 1) : (2x 1).
) 4x4 + 3x2 1.
)
, :
) 4x4 + 3x2 1 2x 1
4
2
3
2
2x3+x2+2x+1 4x +3x 1=(2x1)(2x +x +2x+1).
4x4 + 2x3

1
2x3 + 3x2
:
2x3 + x2
2x3 + x2 + 2x + 1 =

4x2
1
= x2(2x + 1) + (2x + 1) =

4x2 + 2x
= (2x + 1)(x2 + 1).

2x 1
E,
2x+ 1
4x4 + 3x2 1
0
:
4x4 + 3x2 1 = (2x 1)(2x + 1)(x2 + 1).
65
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
2 = 3x + 2
= 3x3 4x2 2x + 23.
,
: . : .

3x3 4x2 2x + 23 3x + 2
:
3x3 2x2
3x3 4x2 2x + 23 =
6x2 2x + 23 x2 2x + 2
= (3x + 2)(x2 2x + 2),

6x2 + 42x
3x + 2

+ 32x + 23

32x 23
3x3 4x2 2x + 23

0
E
1 :
i)

ii)

iii)

4x + 7 :
) 1 ) 2 ) 3 ) .
To x2 4x + 9
:
)
5 ) 3x 2 ) x2 + 3 ) 4x.
(x) 2x2 + x + 5 x4 + x 2,
(x) :
)
4 )
6 ) 8 ) .
2 :
8
7
3
6
2
3
3 (), (),
:
) (2x + 1)(x + 3) 2x + 1 x + 3.
) x + 6 x2 + 2.
) 6 2 ,
3 .
) x 4 x2 16.
) To (x3 + 1) : (x + 1) x2 x + 1.
66
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.7

1 N
.
) (2x3 + x2 3x + 6) : (x + 2) ) (6x3
) (6x4 x2 + 2x 7) : (x 1) ) (4x3
) (9x4
) (x5 x4 + 3x2 + 2) : (x2 x + 2)
) (8x4 6x2 9) : (2x2 3) ) (3x5
x2 10x + 5) : (3x + 1)
+ 5x 8) : (2x 1)
x2 + 2x 1) : (3x2 x + 1)
2x3 4) : (3x2 1)
2 N , .
) 6x2 + ..... + ..... ..... + 2 ) ..... + ..... + 2x + 20 x + .....

6x2 ..... 2x + ..... ..... 6x2 2x2 + ..... .....
18x + ..... 4x2 + ..... + 20

18x ..... ..... .....
0
10x + .....

..... + .....

.....
2
3 x x + 1 2x + 3 3x + 2;
4 N Q(x) (x), :
) (x) = 6x3 7x2 + 9x 18
) (x) = 2x4 x2 + 5x 3
Q(x) = 2x 3
Q(x) = x2 + x 1.
5 ) (x4 2x3 8x2 + 18x 9) : (x2 9)
) N x4 2x3 8x2 + 18x 9.
6 ) x + 1 x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1.
) N x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1.
7 3 + 3
, + .
, ;
8 (x) = (x3 + 2)(x2 5) + 4x2 6x + 7. N

) (x) : (x3 + 2) ) (x) : (x2 5)
9 (6x3 + ) : (x 1) ,
.
10 2x3 x2 4x + 3
(x 1)2, .
y
x
11

, 45 ,
56 16 .
5x + 4y, ;
y
y
67
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.8
... ...
4 :

.
1. 12, 24, 300

... ... .
2. ... ...
12x3y2, 24x2y3, 300x4y
3(x y)(x + y), 18(x y)2, 9(x y).
... ...
.
, 12, 24 300,
, :
12 = 2 2 ? 3
24 = 2 3 ? 3
300 = 2 2 ? 3 ? 5 2
,
...(12, 24, 300) = 23 ? 3 ? 52 = 600 (
).
...(12, 24, 300) = 22 ? 3 = 12 (
).
, ... ... . :
(...)
,
.
(...)
,
.

. , ...,
...
... ... .
68
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.8 ... ...
,
12x 3y 2, 24x 2y 3,
300x 4y
... = 600x 4 y 3 ... = 12x 2 y

3(x y)(x + y), 18(x y)2,
9(x y)
... = 18( y) (x + y) ... = 3( y)

2

1 N ... ... 6x 3y, 9x 2y 2, 3xy 4.

O 6, 9, 3 ... = 18 ... = 3,
... = 18x 3y 4 2 ... = 3xy.
2 N ... ... :
= 12x2 12, B = 18x2 36x + 18 = 9x2 9x.

= 12x2 12 = 12(x2 1) = 12(x 1)(x + 1)
= 18x2 36x + 18 = 18(x2 2x + 1) = 18(x 1)2
= 9x2 9x = 9x(x 1)

.
...
...
.
...
... .
12, 18, 9
... = 36 ... = 3.
, ,
... = 36x(x 1)2(x + 1) ... = 3(x 1).
E
1 , ... .

B
1. 6x2(x + 2)2
. x4(x + 2)2, x(x + 2)3

. x3(x + 2),
. 6x (x + 2), 2x(x + 2)
2
2. x3(x + 2)3
x(x + 2)3
2
3. 6x2(x + 2)
4. x4(x + 2)3
69
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
2 , ...
, .
4x 3
2 x(x 1)
9(x 1)2
6x 2
x 2 (x 1)
8x 5
3 , ... .

. 6x3(x + 1)2,

. 2x2(x + 1)3,
. 3x (x + 1),
2
B
1. 6x2(x + 1)2
3x(x + 1)3
3x4(x + 1)2
6x (x + 1)
3
2. 3x(x + 1)2
3. 3x2(x + 1)
4. x2(x + 1)2
4 ...
, .
B
6 x(x 2)2
2 x 3 (x 2)
3x3(x 2)3
3x 2
x 4 (x 2) 2
6(x 2)3

1 ... ... :
) 12x 3y 2 2, 18x 2y 3, 24x 2y 3 4

) 15xy 3, 10x 2 2, 5y2
) 2x2(x + y)2, 3xy3(x + y)2, 8x2y(x y)(x + y)
2 ... ... :
) 6(x2 y2),
) 2 3 + 2,
) 3 2,
4(x y)2,
2 4,
(2 )(2 1),
12(x y)3
3 4
3 22 +
70
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.9
4
.
4 .
3
1. x + 4 x = 0;
x1
M x = 1;
2. ;
6 ? 2 + 7,
3?2
6?2?7 ,
3+2
6?2?7
3?2
3. ;
6x + y ,
3x
6x y ,
3+x
6x y
3x
3

M .. x + 4 , xy , 2 2
x1
x+y x +4
, .

, .
3
, x + 4 , x 1.
x1
, ,
.
, , ,
.
, 6x + y , 6x y ,
3x
3x
3x. A
,
6y
6y : 3x
2y
=
=
= 2y
1
3x
3x : 3x
H , ,

3 ? 2y
6 y
=
= 2y
3
3x
71
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
A ,
:

.
,
5x 10
:
x2 4
5(x 2)
5
5(x 2)
5x 10
= x2 22 =
=
x+2
(x 2)(x + 2)
x2 4

1 ;
)
x2 + 6
x2 + y2
x2 + 7x + 2
)
)
x+2
xy
x

) H

x2 + 7x + 2
, x
x
, x 0.
) O
x2 + 6
, x + 2 0, x 2.
x+2
x2 + y2
, x, y ,
xy
x y 0, x y.
2 N :
2
)
3x 3
x2 2x y + y2
12x 3 y 2
) 6x 2 6x )
3
x3 y3
8xy
3
2
) 12x y
,
8xy 3
12x 3 y 2
3x 2 2

=
8xy 3
2y 2
)
3(x 2 1)
3(x 1)(x + 1)
3x 2 3
x+1

=
=
=
2
6x(x 1)
6x(x 1)
6x 6x
2x
)
xy
x2 2xy + y2
(x y)2
=
3
3
2
2 = x2 + xy + y2
x y
(x y)(x + xy + y )
72
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.9
E
1
, .

1
.
}

x
. x 1

}

x+1
.
x

}
x2 1

2(x 1)
. }

x1
.
3

}
x2 + 1
B
1. x 1
2. x 0 x 1

3. x 1

4. x 1 x 1

5.
6. x 0
2 (), (),
.
x2/ + 1
= x + 1
)
x
x (x + 1)
=x+1
x
(x + 2)(x + 1)
x+2
=

4
4(x + 1)
x + 2(x + 1)
x+2
=
4(x + 1)
4
x2 y2
= x + y
xy
(x y)2/
=x+y
xy
3 :
)
)
( + )(............)
7
7x
=
)
= 1
x
2
x(............)
( )(............)

x(x + 1)
............
=x+1
............
1

=
2
+
2(+)
)
)
x(x + 1)
............
3(x + 2)
............
=x
=
3
x+2
4 x,
x
1
x
=

,
x(x
4)
x
4
x (x 4)
x 4. ;
73
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1

1 :
)
1

x 4
y+3
2
)

2y 5
( + 1)2
6x + 1
x(x 3)
2 :
2
)
4x

6x
x+4

4+x
3y
5 2 3
2x2
)
)

12y
10 2
8x 2
2
( )( )
y1
)

2 )
(2 )
( )( )
1y
3 :
6x
3y 9
5 2 20
x2 + x
) 2
)
) 2x2 + 4x ) 2

y 3y
( 2)2
+ x
)
x2 16
x2 4x
y2 1
6x2 + 3x
)

2
y + 2y + 1
4x 2 2
2 + + 2
3 3
4 :
)
y2 5y + 4
x2 + 3x + 2
3 22 +
) y2 6y + 8 )
2
x + 4x + 4
3
5 :
)
x(x 1) + 4(x 1)

x2 + 2x 3
y(y 3) + y 2 9
4y 2 9
(2 + 1)2 ( + 2)2

4 1
( + 1)( 2)2 4( + 1)
3 + 2

5 m/sec.

4 m/sec2.
t sec

5
m/sec
t +
2
74
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.10
4
.
4 .

A
3
1. : 4 ? 5 , 5 ? 4 , 5 : 7
2. :
3xy
2x ? 5 ,
3x 2
2 2
3x 2
9x
,
?
:
2
9xy
5y + 5
y+1
, .

? =

? =

.
3x ? 5x2
5x2
15x3
=
=
, 3x ?
2y
2y
2y
(x2 1) ? 2x
2x
x2 1
2x
2x(x 1)(x + 1)
?
=
=
=
x1
3x + 3
(3x + 3)(x 1)
3
3(x + 1)(x 1)
,
.
: = ? =

. ,
x(x2 1)
x (x 1)(x + 1)
x2 1
x
x
2x 2
x1
=
: 2
=
? 2x2 =
2 =
2
(x + 1) ? 2x
2x (x + 1)
x+1 x 1
x+1
2x
75
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
:
, ,

.
22
}
2 2x 2
x
x
= 4x = 2
,
4
}
x2
3x
2
N : ) (5x + 5x) ? 2x + 2

) (5x2 + 5x) ?
3x
(5x2 + 5x)3x
=
=
2x + 2
2x + 2
x
x
:

x2
x
2
5x(x + 1)3x
15x2
=
2(x + 1)
2
2 x2
2
2 + 2x
x2 2 x3 3
(x 2 2)x 2
x2 2
(x )(x + )x 2/
x2
=
:
=
?
=
=
2
x
x
x(x3 3)
x
x(x )(x2 + x + 2)
x3 3
x2 2x + 1 x2 + 2x
?
3x + 6
x1
x2 2x + 1 x2+2x
(x 1)2/ x(x + 2)
(x 1)x
(x22x+1)(x2+2x)
x2 x
?
=
=
=
=
3x + 6
3(x + 2)(x 1)
x1
3
(3x + 6)(x 1)
3
2 N :
)
(x + )x
x 2 + x
=2
=
x + x + 2
x2 + x + 2
2 x2
( 2 x 2)
x
( x)( + x)
2
= 2
=
=
2/
2
(2 + 2x)
2 + 2x
2 ( + x)
76
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.10
E
1 (), (),
.
1
x
) x ? y =
xy
1
) x ? y =
2
) 3x : x =
2
3x2
) 3x : x = 2
3
2
x
y
5
5
x1
?
=
x1
y
y
x2
) x ?
= x 2 2
x
x
2 + 1
?
= 0
2 + 1
= 1
:
+2
+2
2 :
2
) 3x ?
6x
..........
=
y
y
x
1
1
4x ..........
) y ? .......... = y2 )
=
:
y
y
x + 2 ..........
x
..........
x+2
x
= 1 ) x + 2 :
=
) x 1 ?
:
= 1 )
x+2
..........
..........
y ..........
x1

1 :
)
9x
1
x
1
1
2
2 ? y ) 4y ? 3x ) 12x ? 9x
x
3
4
6
23
3
?
) (52) ?
)
? 2

2
2
32
4
10
2 :
x2
3
2
x3
1
6
) 8x : x ) 2 :
) 3 : 32 )
:

42
y
y
) (
3 :
) (
x
x 3 2
2 3 ?
2
x
x 2
y5
2+y
2x + 6
4x
? x + 3 )
? 5 y
y+2
x2
x2 + x x2 + 5x+6
4y2 9
y2 + 3y
+3
2 4
?
)
)
?
?
2

4y 12y+9
x2 + 3x
x2 4
2y2 + 3y
2+2
2+ 6
4 :
)
x+4
x+4
2y 1
1 2y
: 15 )
:

5
1+y
y+1
( + 1)2
+1
x+y
x2 + xy
:
:
)

xy
2
x2 xy
5 :
)
( xx+ 21 ? 4xx ++24 ) : 8xx + 28
+2
: ( + 2)
x2
x2 4
) x3+8 : x2 2x+4
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2
? x+3
:
x1
x1
( xx+ 12 : 2xx +16 ) ? xx ++ 23

77
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
11 ,
1. : 79 + 19
9
9
3
1
1.
+
2
6
3
2. :
1
1
3
.
+ 6
3
2
3x
7+x
2x 1
,
x 2 +
x2
x2

+
+ =

. ,
3x + (2x 1) (7 + x)
3x
2x 1
7+x
=
=
x 2 +
x2
x2
x2

4(x 2)
3x + 2x 1 7 x
4x 8
=
=
=
=4
x2
x2
x2
A ,
...
, .
5
2
2
,
+
3x 3x

.
...
.
M
.
6x
3x 3
3x 2 3x = 3x(x 1) 3x 3 = 3(x 1)

... = 6x(x 1)
x1
2
2x
2
2
5
2
2
5
+
=
+
=
2
3x 3
6x
3x(x 1)
3x 3x
6x 3(x 1)

E
.
1
4+ 5(x1) 4x 4+ 5x 5 4x
x 1
=
=
=
6x
6x(x1)
6x(x1)
6x(x1)
78
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.10
15
9x + 6
:
)
2

2x 2
x 1
1
2
4
2
2
2
x + x
x x
x
2

) , :
x2 1 = (x 1)(x + 1) 2x 2 = 2(x 1)
T ... 2(x 1)(x + 1).
x+ 1
2

2(9x + 6) 15(x +1)
15
9x + 6
15
9x + 6
=
=
=
2
2(x 1)(x +1)
(x 1)(x +1) 2(x 1)
2x 2
x 1
=
3(x 1)
18x + 12 15x 15
3x 3
3
=
=
=
2(x 1)(x +1)
2(x 1)(x +1)
2(x 1)(x +1)
2(x +1)
) , :
x2 2 = (x )(x + ), x2 x = x(x ), x2 + x = x(x + )
... x(x )(x + ).
x
x +
x

1
2
2
1
4
4
2
2
=
=
2
2
x(x
+ )
x(x
x
x
x + x
(x )(x + )
x
=
4x 2(x + ) (x )
x
4x 2x 2 x +
1
=
=
=
x(x )(x + )
x(x )(x + )
x(x )(x + )
x(x + )
x
50.000 . x1
,
m2
m2 m2 .
x
( m).
A
x+1
1
1
A 50000 ,
100000 . x(x 1) m2,
x(x + 1) m2 (x2 1) m2. m2
50000
50000

,
x(x +1)
x(x 1)
100000
. :

x2 1
x+1
x 1
50000
50000
+
=
x(x +1)
x(x 1)
50000(x +1) + 50000(x 1)

x(x 1)(x +1)
100000x
100000
=
x(x 1)(x+1)
x2 1
, m2 m2
m2 .
79
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
E
1 (), (),
.
x
1
= 1
) x + 1 +
x+1
)
1
2
1
) x + y = x + y
+
+
) + = 0
+4
4 = 1
) 1 +
1+x
x
=

2
+2

x
x
x
2
. ;
=
+
=
)
=1

2x 1
3x + 2 2x 1
3x + 2
x+1
=1
=

=
x+1
x+1
x+1
x+1
3 N :
)
x
.......... = 0
x+6
) ..........
x
+.......... = 1
x+6
5
1
2x 1
)
+.......... = 2
=

x+2
x+2
x
) ..........+
)
x
2x
=
x+1
x+1
3x + 8
.......... = 3
x

1 :
)
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
) 2 ) 2 2
)
+
y
x
+1
y
y
x
x+1
2 :
)
3
4
y6
3 + 6
2x
4
) 2
) 2
x
3
y
+
2
y + 2y
4
2x 6
2 4
x
9x
3
3
1
+7
+
+
) 2
) 2
2
2
36
x
x
x
+
1
2x + 12
+ 4 + 3
3 :
)
1
x}
x
)
1
1+ }
x

1
y2+}
y

1
y}
y

1
+1 + }
1
1}
3
1
1
} }
} }
80
1/15/13 4:22 PM
1.10
4 :
2
8
3
2x + 16y
+
)

x 2y
x 2x
x + 2y
x2 4y2
x2
4
+
x
x2
2
2xy2
3
x2
y2 6
y2
+
)
+

y2
x2 y2
y3
xy
y2 5y + 6
x+y
5 :
)(
x3
1
x2 3
x+3
x
x+3
:
+
) 2x + 1
1+
) 2

2
(x 1)
4x 3
x 1
(x 1)2
2x 1
) 1
2
2
+ 2
)(
) (
2
+
1 :
+
+
)

x3 y3 + xy = (x + y)2.
6 )
xy
)
563 443
+ 56 44.
12
x2 1
2x
, 2 + 2 = 1.
=
)
=
7
x2 + 1
x2 + 1
200 , 9999
) 1,
10001 10001
.
1
1
= 3 (1 + )2 + 4
+ 2
) (
1
2004
) , = 32 = 3.
2004 0
( ... 2002).
2 , :
) ( + 3)2+1 + ( 3)2+1 = 0 ) (x y )2 (y + x)2 = 0
x
3 y = 2 , :
=
2x3 2xy2 + 3y3

4x2 6xy + y2
B =
2
2
x2y + y3
x +y
4 (x) = 2x2 + 2x + 800.
) (1 x) = P(x).
) (100) (99).
81
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
5 ) 3 + 3 + 3 3 = ( + + )(2 + 2 + 2 ).
( uler).
) + + = 0, + + = 3.
) (x y)3 + (y )3 + ( x)3.
3
1
6 A + = 3 = 3 , :
) 2 + 2 =
43
2
2
9 ) (3 + 1) + (3 + 1) + 9( + ) = 40
7 A x, y
x, y .
) x4 2y2 = x2(y2 2) ) x3 + y3 = x2y + xy2
8 ) x2 + 4x + 3, x2 + 2x 3.
1
1
1
) = x2 + 4x + 3 + 2
+ 2
x + 2x 3
x 1
9 = x(x + 3) = (x + 1)(x + 2).
) = + 2 + 1 = (+1)2.
) x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) + 1.
10 ) 16x4 + 8x2 + . .
)
4x 4x2 1.
11 ) A , 2 + .
) ,
6, 1.
) 8.
12 ) (x6 1) : (x 1)
7 6 1 6.
) (x5 + 1) : (x + 1)
215 + 1 9.
1
13 ) (x 1)x = x 1 x .
) x 2, 3, 4,
1
2007
1
1
1
+
+
+ ... +
=
..., 2008
2?3
2007 ? 2008 2008
3?4
1?2
82
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
E 1o K
.

.. 2x 2 3y + 4
,
.

.

..
3x 2y (3 , x 2y ).
, .. 3x 2y , 72y, x2y
,
.
, .

.. 2x 2y + 32y 2y = 42y
A
.
.. 6x 2 + 2 42 + 3 = 22 + 5

.
, . .. (3x 2y) ? (2y3) = 6x3y4

.
12x4y
.. (12x 4y) : (32y) =
= 4x2
32y
,
, .. 3x 2y 5y + 2 ( 3x 2y, 5y, 2 ).
.
- .

)
,
.
)
,
.
(x) (x) (x) 0
(x) : (x), (x) (x)
: (x) = ()() + () ( )
(x)
(x). A (x) = 0, (x) (x)
(x).
83
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 1
.
.
:
( + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
( ) 2 = 2 2 + 2
( + ) 3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3
( ) 3 = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3
( + )( ) = 2 2
( ) ( 2 + + 2 ) = 3 3
( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) = 3 + 3
.
.
:
x + x = x ( + )
x + y + x + y =
= (x + y) + (x + y) = ( + )(x + y)
2 2 = ( + )( )
3 + 3 = ( + ) ( 2 + 2 )
3 3 = ( ) ( 2 + + 2 )
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + ) 2
2 2 + 2 = ( ) 2

x2 + ( + )x +
x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )
.
,
.
..
2x 2 5
+ 4

. ,
.
.
84
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2o
2.1 x + = 0
2.2 2
2.3
2
2.4
2.5

2

1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.1
x + = 0
4 .
4
.

, . 1 km
1 km .
B

,
:
) 15 km;
) ;
) ;
, 3x = 12, 4y + 11 = 0,
...
1.
1 ( ).
3x = 12,
, x = 4. O 4,
3x = 12, .
, 0x = 3 0x = 0,
.
0x = 3 x, 0x
3. ,
, .
, 0x = 0 x
.
:
, 0x = 0 x

0,
x + = 0 x =

.

= 0, x + = 0 0x =
(),
0,
:
= 0, ( ).
86
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.1 x + = 0
x1
2x + 1
=x+1
2
6

x1
2x + 1
=x+1
2
6

... .
2x + 1
x1
6
=6x+61
6
2
.

.

3(x 1) (2x + 1) = 6x + 6

3x 3 2x 1 = 6x + 6
.

3x 2x 6x = 6 + 3 + 1
.

5x =
10

10
5x
=

.
5
5

x =2
x = 2
2 N :
) 3(x + 2) 3 = 3x + 5
) 2(x 1) x = x 2
) 3(x + 2) 3 = 3x + 5

) 2(x 1) x = x 2

3x + 6 3 = 3x + 5

2x 2 x = x 2

3x 3x = 5 6 + 3

2x x x = 2 2

0x =
2

0x = 0
H
x, . x, .
E
1 .

. 3x = 7

. 0x = 0
. 0x = 5
. 5x = 0

1.
2.
3.
87
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
2 (), (),
.
1
) 3 x= 2 x = 6.

) 4x = 0 .
) 0x = 0 .
) 0x = 6 x = 6.
) 5(x + 1) = 5x + 5 .

1 :
) 3(x + 2) 2(x 1) = 8 + x
) 5( + 2) 4 = 6 5
) 4y 2(y 3) = 2y + 1
) (2x + 1)2 + 5 = 4(x2 10)
2 :
)
x1
y+5
1
3y
x+3
y
=x
=1
)
2
5
3
10
6
2
+1
2( 1)
5
=
) 0,2(3x 4) 5(x 0,4) = 0,4(1 10x)
2
3
6
3 To 5
10. ;
4 :
, .
, , 65 C;
5 :
.
10.
2 .
5,
.
;

16 km/h. ,

12 km/h
. 44 km,
;
88
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2. 2
4

4

4

.

.
.
9 m
1 m.
.
) .
9m
1m
,

, .
)
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
34 m2.
)
.
89
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2

2.
x2 = 9,
2 3 = 0,
2 + 15 16 = 0

2 ( ).

2 x
x 2 + x + = 0 0
, , .
. O :
x2 9 = 0 : = 1 = 0 = 9
x2 3x = 0 : = 1 = 3 = 0
x2 + 15x 16 = 0 : = 1 = 15 = 16

.
= 0 = 0 = 0
E x2 + x = 0 0
x2 = 3x :
x2 = 3x
x2 3x = 0
.
x(x 3) = 0
.
x(x 3) ,
x = 0 x 3 = 0.
x = 0 x 3 = 0
x = 0 x = 3

, x = 0 x = 3
E x2 + = 0 0
x2 9 = 0, :
1 :
.
.
(x 3)(x + 3) ,
x 3 = 0 x + 3 = 0
x2 9 = 0
x2 32 = 0
(x 3) (x + 3) = 0
x 3 = 0 x + 3 = 0
x = 3 x = 3

, x = 3 x = 3
90
085-120.indd 90
3/26/13 2:52 PM
2.2 E
2 :
,
x = w
x2 = , x = w
x2 9 = 0

x2 = 9
x = w
9 x = w
9
x = 3 x = 3
x2 + 16 = 0, ,
x2 = 16. H (),

16.
, x2 = ()
x2 = 0 x = 0. H , x2=0
x x = 0, x = 0 x = 0 ( ).
E x2 + x + = 0 0
9x2 6x + 1 = 0 :

2 2 + 2 = ( )2
(3x 1)2 ,
3x 1 = 0
9x2 6x + 1 = 0
(3x)2 2 3x 1 + 12 = 0
(3x 1)2 = 0
1
3x 1 = 0 x =
3
, x =
1
3
x2 + 15x 16 = 0
:
x 2 + 15x 16 = 0

4x 2 + 60x 64 = 0
4, x2.
(2x) 2 + 2 2x 15 = 64
M
(2x) 2 + 2 2x 15 + 152 = 64 + 152

(2x + 15) 2 = 289
2 + 2 2 2.
2x + 15 =w
289 2x + 15 = w
289
2x + 15 = 17 2x + 15 = 17
2.
2x = 2
2x = 32

x = 1
x = 16
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
,
2 2 + 2 = ( )2
x = 1 x = 16
x2 + 15x 16 = 0
.
91
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2

1 N : ) 2x2 = 7x ) 3x2 75 = 0 ) 2x2 + 8 = 0
2x2 = 7x ) 3x2 75 =
0 ) 2x2 + 8 = 0
75
2x2 = 8
2x2 7x = 0 3x2 =
25 x2 = 4
x(2x 7) = 0 x2 =
25 x = w
25
x = 0 2x 7 = 0 x = w
7
x = 0 x = 2 x = 5 x = 5

( )
2 N x2(2x 1) 6x(2x 1) + 9(2x 1) = 0

2
B 2x 1. x (2x 1) 6x(2x 1) + 9(2x 1) = 0
(2x 1)(x2 6x + 9) = 0
O (2x 1)(x 3)2 = 0
.
2x 1 = 0 x 3 = 0

1
x =
x = 3 ( )
2
E
1 (), (),
.
) 0 x2 4x + 3 = 0.
) O 3 x2 4x + 3 = 0.
) O (x 2)(x + 1) = 0 x = 2 x = 1.
) x2 = 16 x = 4.
) H x2 = 9 .
) (x 2)2 = 0 x = 2.
2 (), (),
.
) H 5x 6 = x2 2 .
) x2 + 3x + 8 = x(x + 2) 2 .
) ( 2)x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
i) 1o , = 2
ii) 2 , 2.
3 x2 = 6x x
x = 6. x = 0. x = 0;
92
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.2 E

1 :
) (x 4)(x + 1) = 0
) y(y + 5) = 0 ) (3 )(2 + 1) = 0
y
1
(2 1) = 0
)
) 3y 3 2 = 0
2
) 7x(x 7) = 0
2 :
7x
) x2 =
) y2 =
9y
) 2t2 18 = 0
) 0,22 + 3,2 = 0
3 :
) (2x 1)2 1 = 0
(x 9)2
)
=
27
3
4 :
) (3x + 1)2 = 5(3x + 1)
) 3(x + 2)2 = 12
) (3x 1)2 4x2 = 0
) 0,5(1 y)2 = 18
) 22 72 = 0
z2
)
0,5z = 0
6
) (x + 1)2 = 2x
) (x + w
3)2 3 = 0
) (22 + 1)(2 16) = 0
5 :
) x(x 4) = 4 ) y2 + y 12 = 0 ) 2 2 15 = 0
) 5z2 3z 8 = 0
) 2t2 7t + 6 = 0 ) 32 + 1 = 4
6 :
) 25x2 + 10x + 1 = 0 ) y2(y 2) + 4y(y 2) + 4y 8 = 0

) 2 + 2006 2007 = 0
7 :
3 1)x w
3=0
) x2 ( + )x + = 0 ) x2 ( w
8
1
1
2
3
4
O:
1. M x2 = 12x
x2 + 225 = 30x
2. x(x + 4) + 8(x + 4) = 0
3. x2 10x + 9 = 0
4.
x2 = 25
H x2 = 32x
:
1. x2 20x + 100 = 0
2. To x(x 15) = x 15
3. To (x 5)2 (x 5) = 0
4. M x2 144 = 0
5. x2(x 12) + 2007(x 12) = 0
93
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2

x2 + 15x 16 = 0.
,
x2 + x + = 0 0. :
x2 + x + = 0
4.
4 x2 + 4 x + 4 = 0
.

(2x + )2.
2x +
2.
4 2x2 + 4x = 4
(2x) 2 + 2 2x = 4
(2x) 2 + 2 2x + 2 = 2 4
(2x + ) 2 = 2 4
2 4 ,
(2x + )2 = :
> 0, : = 0, :
(2x + )2 = 0
2x + = w
2x + =
0
2x = w
w
x=
2x =
2

x =
2
, ,
x =
+ w
x =

2
2
x =
< 0, ().

2 4, , x2 + x + = 0 0,
. ,
= 2 4
:
x2 + x + = 0 0.
w
> 0, x =
2
= 0, x =
< 0, ().
94
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.2 E

1 N :
) 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
) 6x2 5x + 2 = 0
) 16x2 + 8x 1 = 0
) 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 = 2, = 5, = 3,

= 2 4 = 52 4 2 3 = 25 24 = 1 > 0.
5 w
1
w
5 1
,
=
=
, x =
2
4
22
5 + 1
5 1
3
x =
= 1 x =
=
4
4
2
) 6x2 5x + 2 = 0 = 6, = 5, = 2,
= 2 4 = (5)2 4 6 2 = 25 48 = 23 < 0.
().
) 16x2 + 8x 1 = 0 = 16, = 8, = 1, = 2 4 = 82 4 (16) (1) = 64 64 = 0.
8
1
=
=
, x =
2
4
2 (16)
2 N :
2x
) 9x2 (5x 1)2 =

) 9x2 (5x 1)2 =
2x
2
2
9x (25x 10x + 1) = 2x
x(x + 3)
x6
1
=
3
6
2
x(x + 3)
x6
1
=
3
6
2
x(x + 3)
x6
1
6
9x2 25x2 + 10x 1 2x = 0 6
=6
3
6
2
16x2 + 8x 1 = 0
2x(x + 3) (x 6) = 3
1
x=
( )
4
2x2 + 6x x + 6 3 = 0
( 1) 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0

3

x=
1 x =
( 1)
2
3 ) 2x2 8x + 6 = 0.
) 2x2 8x + 6.
) 2x2 8x + 6 = 0 = 2, = 8, = 6,

= 2 4 = (8)2 4 2 6 = 64 48 = 16 > 0.
(8) w
16
w
84
,
, x =
x=
=
2
4
22
x = 3 x = 1.
) 2x2 8x + 6 = 2(x2 4x + 3) = 2(x2 3x x + 3) = 2 x(x 3) (x 3) =

= 2(x 3)(x 1)
95
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2

:
2x2 8x + 6 = 0 3 1.
2x2 8x + 6 :
2x2 8x + 6 = 2(x 3)(x 1)

1, 2 x2 + x + = 0 0,
x2 + x +
x2 + x + = (x 1)(x 2)
, 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 1
3
( 1).
2
2x2 + 5x + 3
( 32 )g = 2(x + 1)(x + 32 )
2x2 + 5x + 3 = 2fx (1)g fx
1
O 16x2 + 8x 1 = 0 , x = 4 ( 1).
16x2 + 8x 1
1
1
1
16x2 + 8x 1 = 16 x 4 x 4 = 16 x
4
)(
E
1 A x2 + x + = 0 0, () ().

. > 0 1. .

. = 0 2. .
. $ 0 3. .
. < 0 4. .
2 N (), (),
.
) 2 , .
) 2 ,
.
) 2x2 + 4x 6 = 0 1 3,
2x2 + 4x 6 2x2 + 4x 6 = (x 1)(x + 3).
96
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.2 E
3 N

) 2x2 = 7x ) 3x2 2x + 8 = 0
) 2x2 + 50 = 0 ) 5x2 + x 4 = 0

1 x2 + x + = 0
.
E
x 2 + x + = 0
x (x 1) = 2
3x2 + 4 = 2(x + 2)
(x 1)2 = 2(x2 x)
2 :
) x2 x 2 = 0
) 2z2 3z + 1 = 0
) 3x2 + 18x + 27 = 0
) 4y2 + 3y 1 = 0 ) 22 + + 6 = 0
) 25t2 + 10t 1 = 0
) 4x2 12x + 9 = 0
2
) x 4x = 5 ) x2 3x + 7 = 0
3 : ) x2 7x = 0 ) x2 16 = 0
i)
ii)
4 :
) 3x2 2(x 1) = 2x + 1
) (2 3)2 ( 2)2 = 22 11
5 :
2
)
x 1
x+3
= x 2
3
5
) 0,5t2 0,4(t + 2) = 0,7(t 2)
) (y + 2)2 + (y 1)2 = 5(2y + 3)

) (8 ) (3 + 1)( + 2) = 1
)
)
y2
6y + 1
y2
=
2
6
4
3
(w
3 7) = w
3
2
6 :
) x2 + 4x 12
) x2 16x + 64
) 3y2 8y + 5 ) 22 + 5 3
) 9y2 + 12y + 4
) 2 + 10 25
7 , 0,

) x2 + ( + )x + = 0
) x2 x + 1 = 0
8 ( + )x2 2x + ( ) = 0, , ,
. ,
.
97
1/15/13 4:22 PM

( 1650 ..)
(*):
, 870.
.
,
, (
).

x, x2 x = 870.
O B
:
1
1.
2
1
1
1
2 2 , .
4
1
1
4 870 870 4 .
1
1
870 4 , 29 2 .
1
1
29 2
( )
2
30.
To 1 x.
( ).
, (.. x2 x)
,
(.. x2 + x)
N
2 .
;

.
3
, . ;
4
(*) . : ,
, 9, 1997.
98
085-120.indd 98
3/26/13 2:53 PM
2. 3
2
, , ...
1
400 m2.
N ,
41 m.
x, 41 x,
41 m. 400 m2,
x(41 x) = 400 41x x2 = 400 x2 41x + 400 = 0.
= 1, = 41, = 400,
= 2 4 = (41)2 4 ? 1 ? 400 = 1681 1600 = 81 > 0.
, x =
41 w
41 9
81
,
=
=
2
2?1
2
x = 25 x = 16.
A x = 25, 41 x = 41 25 = 16, x = 16, 41 x = 41 16 = 25.
E, 25 m 16 m.
2
x
1 2

x + 20x + 500 . 10
60 C, , 3500 C;
x , 60x C,
1
60x 10 x2 + 20x + 500 C.
3500 C
1 2
60x
x + 20x + 500 = 3500
10
1
60x 10 x2 20x 500 = 3500
600x x2 200x 5000 = 35000
x2 400x + 40000 = 0
99
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
H
= 2 4 = ( 400)2 4 ? 1 ? 40000 = 160000 160000 = 0.
400
= 200.
, x = 2 =
2?1
, 3500 C, 200 .
3
h
. ,
0,5 m/sec2.
, 84 m.
.
:
:
h m,
1
t sec, h = 2 gt2 g = 10 m/sec2 .
, t
1
s = 2 t2.
t sec,

1
1
h = 2 gt2 = 2 10t2 = 5t2, g = 10 m/sec2.

1
1
1
h9 = 2 t2 = 2 ? 0,5 ? t2 = 4 t2 , = 0,5 m/sec2.
E h + h9 = 84,
1
5t2 + 4 t2 = 84 20t2 + t2 = 336 21t2 = 336
t2 = 16, t = 4 t = 4.
h9
84 m
h
t , t > 0,

t = 4 sec.
100
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.3 2

1 x .
)
E = 20 m2
10
w2
m
E = 314 m2
x+1
x+2
2 , :
) .
) , 2 , 24.
) , 3 .
3 10 .
2,5 dm ,
. (1 = 1dm3)
4 150 m2.
5 m ,
.
5 , 74.
. , :
,
, 506.
;
7 -
( ). 240
, ;
8 4 cm, 6 cm 8 cm. x cm, . x.
101
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
.
, :
5 ,
5 1200. ,
.
;
10 T
6 cm. A
,
,
3 . 8
.
11

3 m.

, .
12 6 m,

251,2 m2 .
.
13 ,
,

5
9
.

(g = 10 m/sec 2).
102
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2. 4
4 , .
+8
1. 4x + 43 = x 12
2. ... x + 2, x, x2 + 2x
x
4
x+8 .
+
= 2
x+2
x
x + 2x
E x ;
,

.
4
+8,
+
=
4
4
+8
+
= 2
x+2
x + 2x

.

.
,
:

.
.

...
.
x
+ 4 = x2 + 8
x+2
x
x + 2x
x + 4 = x+8
x
x (x + 2)
x+2
x 0 x + 2 0
x 0 x 2
x(x + 2 ) 0
:
x(x+2)
x
x+8
4
+ x(x+2)
= x(x + 2 )
x
x+2
x (x + 2)
103
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
x 2 + 4(x + 2) = x + 8
x 2 + 4x + 8 = x + 8 x 2 + 3x = 0
x( x + 3) = 0, x = 0 x = 3.
, .
x = 0 ,
x 0 x 2,
x = 3.
N : ) x + 1 x = 1 ) x 2 x = x2 2x

) x 0 x 1. To E.K..
x(x + 1) 0
x
8
= x(x + 1) ? 1
x(x + 1) ? x + 1 x(x + 1) ?
x
8
9x = 8 x =
9
8
( ). x = 9
x2 8(x + 1) = x(x + 1)
x2 8x 8 = x2 + x
) 2
1
1
=
(1).

x(x 2)
x2
x
x 0 x 2.
... x(x 2) 0 (1)
1
1
2
x(x 2)
x(x 2) = x(x 2)
x
x2
x(x 2)
x (x 2) = 2 x x = 2 2 0x = 0.
, 0 2.
2 42 km
.
, , 1 km/h , 1
.

10

x km/h, 42 km
104
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.4 K
42
x . 1 km/h ,
42
(x + 1) km/h, x + 1 .
1
42
1
42
10 ,
=
+
(1).
x+1
10
x
O , x > 0.
...
10x(x + 1) 0 (1)
42
42
1
10x(x + 1) ? x = 10x(x + 1) ? x + 1 + 10x(x + 1) ?
10
420(x + 1) = 420x + x(x + 1) 420x + 420 = 420x + x2 + x x2 + x 420 = 0
H = 2 4 = 12 4 ? 1 ? ( 420) = 1681 > 0.
, x =
1 w
1 41
1681
,
=
=
2
2?1
2
x = 20 x = 22.
E x > 0, 20 km/h.
3
4 9 .
.
: , R1, R2 , R
1
1
1
=
+
.
(x + 9)
R2
R
R1
x ,

(x + 4) (x + 9) .
1
1
1
+
=
(1)

x+9
x+4
x
(x + 4)
O , x > 0.
...
x(x + 4)(x + 9) 0 (1)
1
1
1
+ x(x + 4)(x + 9) ?
= x(x + 4)(x + 9) ?
x(x + 4)(x + 9) ?
x
x+9
x+4
x(x + 9) + x(x + 4) = (x + 4)(x + 9) x2 + 9x + x2 + 4x = x2 + 4x + 9x + 36
36. x = 6 x = 6.
x2 = 36 x = w
A x = 6 .
6 .
105
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
E
1 (), , ()
.
)
4
6
+ = 8 x 0 x 1.
x
x1
x
1
+
=
2.
x
x+1
) 0
3
5
+ 2 = 2,
x
x
5x + 3 = 2.
x3
= x
x2 + 1
x 0 .
2 A x 2 -
3 .
4
;
x
3
3
x
3
3
x+2
x
=
)
=
)
=
)
=
)
2x
4
4 x 2
4
4
x
x+2
x+2
x+4
3 H x 1 + x + 1 = 6
) x = 1
) x = 1
) x =
0
2x 1
) x = 2
4 x 1 = x 1 , 2x 1 = 1 ,
x = 1. H ;

1 :
9
4 + 1
=
2
2
2
1
=
x1
2
7
1
=
2y 3
3
2
3
7
+
=
10
5
7
2x + 1
=2
3x
x3
) 1
6y
5
=
2y
y2
106
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.4 K
2 :
5
4
+
=2
y
y1
4
3
2 =1
x
x
x+2 x+1
3
4
6
= 1 )
=
+
2
x+3
x
2
( 2)
x(x + 3)
3 :
6
7
3
= 2
+2
y+3
2
y1
=
y(y + 1)
y+1
y
x+5
3
=
2
x 25
x+5
y+1
1
=0
y y2
y2
1
2 + 5
+5
=
2
1
1
+
=
2 2
4
22
=3
+2
+ 2
4 :
1
1
2
=0
y
y y
) 1
)
1
2x 1
= 2
x 4x + 4
x 4
2
4
=
4
3
x}
x
x
6 :
m
) p =
) R =
l S
1
1
1
=
+
R
R1
R2
R
1
1
1
= 2 + 2 2
2
) 1 +
5 :
)
3
+4
= 2
2
3 + 2
3
1+}
x
) =
2
x6
= 2
x3
x 9
R
4R
PV
P1V1
= 2 2 T1
T2
T1
1
2
1
)
= +
) S =
7 ) 17 .
4
) 3
5
4 .
5
) 3 .
4
107
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
8 84 C.
3 ,
,

, 9 C
.
;

9

240 C. ,
4 C ,
2 . .
10 12 gr 15 gr -
25 cm3 . ,
0,2 gr/cm3 .
11 O 120 -
. 2 ,
3
.
.
12 O

210 km .

.
, , 10 km/h

.
.
108
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.4 K

H
,
;
( 4 ..)
.
,
. :
) 34 + 21 34 .
34
21
T ;
;
:
AB = ,

.
34 + 21 = 1,62
34
)
= (1).
) (1) x .
5 + 1 1,618...
) = = w
2
1,618...

.
,
, .
,

.
,
=
109
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2. 5
4
4

4

.

.

.
.
,
2.
.. 2 > 4,
3 < 2,
> w
w2
x9

, .
:
.
.
.

;
. .. 5 3, 5 > 3, , 5 3 = 2 > 0.
, 2 4, 2 > 4,
, (2) ( 4) = 2 + 4 = 2 > 0.
, 3 5 4 2, 3 < 5 4 < 2,
, 3 5 = 2 < 0
( 4) (2) = 4 + 2 = 2 < 0. :
> > 0
< < 0
,
,
.
> 0 >
< 0 <
= 0 =
110
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.5 A
0, 8, 2, 4, 5, :
1. , 3
2. ,
i) 3
ii) 2
iii) 2

;
O
. :
) ,
.
.. 8 > 4, 8 + 3 > 4 + 3 8 3 > 4 3. :
> + > + >
+ + ,
. :
( + ) ( + ) = + = . > , > 0.
( + ) ( + ) , + > + .
> .
)
, .
4
8
> . :
.. 8 > 4, 8 ? 2 > 4 ? 2
2
2

> > 0 > >

, . = ( ) (1).
> 0 > 0, > . ,
, ( ) > 0. (1)
, > .
>
111
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
)
, .

.. 8 > 4, 8 ? (2) < 4 ? (2)
8 < 4 . :
2
2

> < 0 <

<

) ,
.
.. 3 > 2 7 > 4, 3 + 7 > 2 + 4. :
> > + > +

:
> > >
.. 3 > 1 1 > 2,5 3 > 2,5.
)
, .
.. 3 > 2 > 0 7 > 4 > 0, 3 ? 7 > 2 ? 4. :
, , , > > >

E > > 0, () > (1)
E > > 0, > (2)
(1), (2) > .
:
1)
:
, 2 + 2 = 0, = 0 = 0.
2) ,
.
6>4
,
,
3 > 1
3 > 3 2 > 4, .
112
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.5 A
.
3
3x + 1
, x
> ,
4
2
, :

... .
( ... = 4 > 0,
,
).

A .
.
( , ).
.

. (
2 < 0
, ).
3x + 1
3
>
2
4
4?x4?
3
3x + 1
> 4 ?
4
2
4x 2(3x + 1) > 3
4x 6x 2 > 3

4x 6x > 3 + 2

2x > 5
2x
5
<
2
2
x <
5
2

1 > 4
;
) 3 + 2 < 10 ) 5 1 > 4 ) 2( + 2) < 12
4

)
> 4
3 < 12
3 + 2 < 12 + 2
3 + 2 < 10
( 3)
( 2)
113
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
> 4
( 5 )
4
5 ? > 5 ? 4
4
4
5
> 5 ( 1)

4
5
5
1 > 5 1, 4 1 > 4

4
)
> 4 ( 2)
+ 2 > 4 + 2
+ 2 > 6 ( 2)
2( + 2) < 2 ? 6
2( + 2) < 12
2 ,

4 # # 6 2,5 # # 4,5.

) ; ) ;

) = 2 + 2.
4 # # 6
8 # 2 # 12
2,

2,5 # # 4,5
5 # 2 # 9

8 + 5 # 2 + 2 # 12 + 9 13 # 2 + 2 # 21 13 # # 21.
13
21.
4 # # 6
) = .

2,5 # # 4,5
,
4 ? 2,5 # # 6 ? 4,5 10 # # 27 10 # # 27.
10
27.
3 x, y,
x2 + y2 $ 2xy. ;

x2 + y2 $ 2xy,
, x2 + y2 2xy $ 0 (x y)2 $ 0.
H ,
.
(x y)2 = 0, x y = 0 x = y.
114
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.5 A
4 O
.
15
25, 10%.
12 45
(, ...).
25,
;

x,
x > 25.
10
3
15x 100 15x = 15x 2 x ,
12x + 45 .
,
3
15x 2 x < 12x + 45 30x 3x 24x < 90 3x < 90 x < 30.
E 25 30,
, 30, .
30, .
E
1 (), (),
.
) < 6, 6 < 0.
) > , < .
) < 0, > 0.
) 3x > 12, x > 4.
y
x
) 4 > 4 , x > y.
) x > 0, x + 5 > 0.
) > 6 > 4, + > 2.
) x > 2 y > 3, xy > 6.
2 >, <, $ , #,
.
) > 3, 3 ... 0
) < < , ...
115
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
... 0
) 0, 2 ... 0
) > 0 < 0,
) < 0 # , ...
) # 0 # 0, + ... 0
3 , 3x 4 < 7
11
3x < 7 + 4 3x < 11 x < 3 ;
4 x > 3
;
) x + 4 > 7
) x 2 > 1
) 5x > 15
) 6x < 18
5 A > 12 > 3,
;
) + > 15 ) > 9
) > 36
) > 4
6 = , = .
;
> , > .

1 A 3( ) > 2( + ), > 5.
2 x > 6
;
) 5x 30 < 0
) 3x + 18 > 0
) 2(x + 4) > 4
3 A 2 < < 6,
) 2
) 2 5
) 1 3
4 A < ,
) 5 3 < 5 3
) 2 + 4 > 2 + 4
5 A 1 < x < 3 2 < y < 5, :

) 3 < x + y < 8
) 4 < 2x + y < 11
6 A x > 2 y > 3, :
) xy > 6
) (x 2)(y 3) > 0
) <
+
2
+
<
2
) 4 < x y < 1
) (x + 2)y > 12
7 A , > , 2 > 2.
116
1/15/13 4:22 PM
2.5 A
8 :
) > 1, 2 >
) x > 2, x3 > 2x2

1
9 A > , , < .
10 A x > 3 y < 2, :
) (x 3)(y 2) < 0
) xy + 6 < 2x + 3y
11 x, y, :
) x2 + 1 $ 2x ) (x + y)2 $ 4xy ) x2 + y2 + 1 $ 2y
.
12 :
) x > 0, x +
1
$2
x
) x < 0, x +
1
# 2
x
13 114 135 ,
15, 6.
14 30 35 C 22
25 C. 2 3 ,
;
15 51 (
50 ).
60 kg 100 kg, 4 kg 15 kg
13,25 t, .

20 t;
16 :
) 11 3x < 7x + 1
3 4x 3x
6x
>

)
10
5
2
) 2x 9 > 5x + 6
2x + 1
3 2x
)
x<
6
3
17 :
7x 1 < 8 + 6x
)
3x 2 > x 10
) 4(3x 5) > 3(4x + 5)

x+4
2
1
x+
<
) 1
6
3
2
2x + 5 < x + 2
2
)
)
x1
1
1 x < 2x + 7
+1>x+
2
3
4x + 3 < 9 + 5x
18 x,
31
x
<
40
x+1
x+1
31
>
x+2
40
117
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
2
1 A , :
) (x + )2 (x + )2 = 2 2 )
x+ x+
=
1.
3y 2
2
.
x+2
x+1
x, y.
2y
3 To ,
, 7 23. .
4 , 0.
2
)
2x
x
2
+
= 2
x+
x
x 2
1
3
6x
+ 2
= 2
x + x
x x
x 2
2
5 x2 + ( 5)x + = 0 1, .
6 (x) = x3 + 3x2 13x 15. N P(x) = 0,
x 3 (x).
7 N ,
1.
8 N ,
2 m 399 m2.
9 ( A = 90)

. = x,
= 2x + 9 = 3,
x.
2x + 9
10 N (1 + )(1 + ) 1 + + .
11 ) ( )2 + ( )2 + ( )2 = 2(2 + 2 + 2 ).
) , , 2 + 2 + 2 = + + ,
= = .
118
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
12 ( + 2) ( + 1)( + 2) > ( + 1) .
13 , , , :
) 2 + 2 > 2 2
) 2 + 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 + 2
) 2 + 2 < 2 + 2
14 , , ,
2007 = 2008 = 2009.
15 > 4, ( + 1)x2 (3 2)x + + 1 = 0

.
16 , ,
2 + 2 + 2 2 4 6 + 14 = 0. ( ... 1995).
17 = 2 10 + 272 8 + 8.
, ; ( ... 2001).
18 :
x 19
x 17
x 15
x 13
+
+
+
= 4.

2001
2003
2005
2007
O :
, 2020 .
;
:
x 2020
x 2020 + 2001
x 19
=
=
+ 1, ...
2001
2001
2001
19 N
1. x2 + x + = 0 0.
2. .
3.
.
4. 2 .................
x2 5x + 6 = 0.
5. (x 1)2 = 0.
6. H 2 .......................... .
7.
.
1. 2 .
2. x2 + x + = 0, 0 2 4 > 0 .................... .
3. .
4. x + = 0 0 .................... .
5. .
6. 0x = 7.
119
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 2
E 2o K
1 .

x + = 0 0, .. 3x + 18 = 0
. .. x = 6
3x + 18 = 0, 3 ? (6) + 18 = 0.
x + = 0
x + = 0

x =
0
=0

0
= 0
()
()

3
4 + 3 = 0 4 = 3 =

4
0x = 2 ()
0 = 0 ()
2 .
x2 + x + = 0 0,
.. 2x 2 5 + 3 = 0 = 2, = 5 = 3
x2 =
x2 =
> 0
x = w
x = w
x = 2 x = w
2 x = w
2
< 0
()
x2 = 4 ()
= 0
x = 0 ()
x2 = 0 x = 0 ( )
x2 + x + = 0 0
= 2 4
x 2 + x + = 0 0

+w

> 0
, x =
2

, x =
= 0
2

< 0
()
x =

2
:
1, 2 x2 + x + = 0 0, x2 + x + = (x 1)(x 2)
3 .
.
( ) .
4 . NI
: > 0, >
< 0, <
= 0, =

A > , + > +
>

A > > 0, >

>

A > < 0, <

<

A > > , + > +
A > > , > ( )
A > > 0 > > 0, >
: 2 $ 0.
, 2 + 2 = 0, = = 0.
.
120
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3o
3.1

3.2

3.3

3

1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.1
4
.
x y, 6.
) x y.
) (1, 8), (0, 6), (2, 7), (2, 2) (3, 0), (3, 5)
;
)
.
.
)
.
x + y =
x, y
x + y = .
, 2x + y = 6 , = 2, = 1 = 6.
x = 1 y = 4 2x + y = 6 ,
2 ? 1 + 4 = 6, x = 3 y = 5 , 2 ? 3 + 5 = 11 6.
(1, 4) 2x + y = 6,
.
x + y = (x, y)
.
2x + y = 6 (1, 4), .
, x
y, (x, y) .

x = 1
x = 0
x = 2
x = 3
2?
2?
2?
2?
(1) + y = 6,
0 + y = 6,
2 + y = 6,
3 + y = 6,
y = 8.
y = 6.
y = 2.
y = 0 ...
x 1
y 8
0
6
2
2
3
0
(1, 8), (0, 6), (2, 2), (3, 0), ... 2x + y = 6.
122
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.1
A

2x + y = 6,
.
y
(1, 8)
,
, .. (4, 2), 2x + y = 6,
2 ? 4 + (2) = 6.
(x, y)
.
2x + y = 6
: 2x + y = 6.
(0, 6)
:
2x
+y
=6
(2, 2)
4 x

A ,
.
A
,
.
(3, 0)
1
(4, 2)

y = k.
A 0x + 2y = 6,
y
x + y = = 0,
(1, 3)
(1, 3) 3
(3, 3)
:y=3
x y = 3.
, (1, 3), (1, 3),
(3, 3), ... .
1
, 0x + 2y = 6

0
1
1
3
x
y = 3 . x9x
y9y (0, 3). y = 3.

H y = k k 0 x9x
y9y (0, k), y = 0
x9x
123
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3
x = k
y
: x=2
3
(2, 3)
(2, 1)
A 3x + 0y = 6,
x + y = = 0,
y x = 2.
, (2, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), ...
.
, 3x + 0y = 6
x = 2
.
y9y x9x
(2, 0).

x = 2.
(2, 2)

H x = k k 0 y9y
x9x (k, 0), x = 0
y9y
x + y = = = 0
0x + 0y = 7 , (x, y)
( ).
0x + 0y = 0
(x, y). , (1, 0), (0, 1),
(2, 1), (2, 2), ... ( ).
,
.
0x + 0y = 0 ,
.
(2, 2)
(1, 0)
(0, 1)
(2, 1)
(0, 0)
x
(1, 1)
, 2x + y = 6, 0x + 2y = 6, 3x + 0y = 6, 0x + 0y = 7, 0x + 0y = 0,
o x, y.
.
x,y .

x, y
x + y = 0 0.
124
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.1

1 ) : 2x 3y = 12.
) 2. ,
;
)
: 2x 3y = 12
.
x = 0 3y = 12, y = 4.
y = 0 2x = 12, x = 6.
2x 3y = 12
(0, 4)
(6, 0).
y=
0
2
B(6, 0)
12
3
x
M(3, 2)
A(0, 4)
) ,
. y = 2 x
2x 3(2) = 12 2x + 6 = 12 2x = 6 x = 3.
x = 3.
2 A : x y = 1 (2, 5),
.
: x y = 1 (2, 5),
x y = 1. 2 5 = 1
2 = 6 = 3. 3x y = 1.
x = 0 3 ? 0 y = 1 y = 1 y = 1,
y9y (0, 1).
1
y = 0 3x 0 = 1 3x = 1 x = ,
3
1
x9x 3 , 0 .
3 40 m.
) x, y.
) A y 10 m,
x;
y
x
x
x
x
x
) 5x + y + 3x + y,
5x + y + 3x + y = 40 8x + 2y = 40 4x + y = 20 (1).
) y 10 m, y 10
, y $ 10. A (1) y = 20 4x,
20 4x $ 10 4x $ 10 20 4x $ 10 x # 2,5.
x 2,5 , 2,5 m.
125
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3
E
1 (3, 2), (1, 5), (0, 6), (3, 10), (2, 8)
4x + 3y = 18;
2 N (), (),
.
) (3, 2) : 3x y = 7.
) H : 5x + y = 10 x9x (2, 0).
) : 2x + 5y = 0 .
) H : 3x + y = 6 y9y (0, 3).
3 N
:
1. y =
1 2. x = 1
1
0
( )
( )
( )
4. x = 1
3. y =
x
( )
4 O 1, 2 . .
y
y
1
i) 1 : ) x = 1
ii) 2 : ) x = 1
) y = 1
) y = 1
) y = x
) y = x
) y = x
) y = x
5 .
i) H (4, 3) x9x
:
) y = 4 ) x = 4 ) x = 3 ) y = 3 ) 4x 3y = 0
ii) H (4, 2) y9y
:
) y = 4 ) x = 4 ) x = 2 ) y = 2 ) 4x 2y = 0
126
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.1

1 :
) 1 : 2x y = 2
T ;
) 2 : 4x + 2y = 10
) 3 : 10x 5y = 20
2 : 6x + 2y = 8 2.
) , .
) = 4 .
3 : 4x + 3y = 12 x9x y9y
, :
) .
) , .
4 ) 1 : 2x = 4, 2 : 3y = 6
.
) ;
1 : 2x y = 6, 2 : 3x + y = 10 3 : 5x + 3y = 16
5 ) o :
x = 1, x = 5, y = 2 y = 3
) .
6 , ( 2)x +( 1)y = 6
:
) x9x ) y9y.
N .
4 km/h
2 km/h
.

, :
)
x, y.
) A 3 km, ;
8 x y .
25 , x, y.

.
127
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3. 2
4 M
.
1.
1 : x + y = 5 2 : 2x + y = 8.
2.
.
x, y,
.. x + y = 5 2x + y = 8
(x, y)
,
x y.
(3, 2)

3+2=5
x + y = 5
,

2x + y =
8 2 ? 3 + 2 = 8
(3, 2) .

x y
(x, y) .

x, y; (x, y)
;
x, y
.

..
:
h 2x + y = 8
x+y=5
128
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.2
y
1
:x
y=
5
2:
8
y=
2x+
1 : x + y = 5
2 : 2x + y = 8,

.
(3, 2)
.
(3, 2)
, x = 3 y = 2
, (3, 2)
. 1, 2
,
. (3, 2)
.
A (3, 2)
3 4
y
4

3x y = 6

6x 2y = 12

1 : 3x y = 6
2 : 6x 2y = 12,
, ,
().

.
.
2:
6y
24
1:
2x
=
3y
2 :
6x
2y=
12
1 :
3x
y=6

2x 3y = 6
4x 6y = 24

1 : 2x 3y = 6
2 : 4x 6y = 24,

.
, .

.
129
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3
2x + 3y = 14
() :

x 2y =
0
) 1 : 2x + 3y = 14,
2 : x 2y = 0 xx.
1 )
)
(1, 4)
4
1 : 2x + 3y = 14 0
y=
x 2
.
:
2
x = 1 2 + 3y = 14
3y = 12, o y = 4.
2
(4, 2)
1 :
x = 7 2 7 + 3y = 14
2x
+3
1
(2,
1)
3y = 0, y = 0.
y=
14
1
0
x
B(7, 0)
1
2
(1, 4) (7, 0).
(4, 0)

2 : x 2y = 0 .
x = 0 2y = 0, y = 0.
x = 2 2 2y = 0 2y = 2, y = 1.
2 (0, 0) (2, 1).
1, 2 (4, 2),
() (x, y) = (4, 2).
) 1, 2 xx ,
= 7 = 2.
72
= 7 .
=
2
2 N :
1 : x y = 0, 2 : x + y = 0,
:
xy =0
x y = 0
(2) :
(1) :
x + y = 0 x + y = 3
3 : x + y = 3.

1 : x y = 0 .
x = 0 y = 0 x = 1 y = 1. 1
(0, 0) (1, 1).
2 : x + y = 0 .
x = 0 y = 0 x = 1 y = 1. 2
(0, 0) (1, 1).
130
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.2
3 : x + y = 3.
x = 0 y = 3 y = 0
x = 3. 3
(0, 3) (3, 0).
:x
y=
:
1
y
x
y=
x+
(1,1) 3
(1, 1)
(1)
(0, 0), 1 2
(0, 0), (2)
, 1 3
.
(3, 0) x
(0, 3)
E
1 .

2x + y = 1
) (3, 2)
x y = 5
) (1, 1)
) (1, 4)
) (2, 3)
2 1
2,
, .

. 1, 2 .

1. To .
. 1, 2 . 2. .
3. .
. 1, 2 .
2x + 3y = 12
y = 0
2x 3y = 0
)
2x + 3y = 12
=0
3y
x
y=
x+
2x 3y = 0
)

2x + y = 4
2x
+3
1
1
y=
12

x=0
)
2x 3y = 0
131
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3

1 :
x = 3

y = 3

)
)

x + 2y = 7
2x + y = 1
x+y=0
xy=0
3x + 6y = 9
2x y = 10
3x y = 2
)
)
)

x y = 0
2x + 4y = 6
4x 2y = 1
2
:
x 3y = 2
x + 2y = 5
)
)

x + 2y = 1
2x 6y = 4
.
:
) .
)

;
x+y=2
x + 3y = 6
m/sec
B
20
15
10
5
0
4 6
8 10
sec
y
300
0x
y
:1
1 :
20
60
xy
=0
3: y=300

:
240
20 C
.
180
60 C 120
10 C.
300 C .
60

0
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
x

1, 2, 3.
) .
) ,
;
) 12 ,
;
) 15
, ;
) , ;
132
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.3
4

4

:
) )
.
, 30
10, .
3 , 1
. 44 ,
;

,
.
, ,
( )
.
,

. :
x + y = 20

x + 3y = 44
:

.
A

,
, .
T
,
.
.
x + y = 20
x x = 20 y
x 20 y
x + 3y = 44 :
(20 y) + 3y = 44
20 + 2y = 44
2y = 44 20
2y = 24 y = 12
y = 12 x = 20 y
:
x = 20 12
x =
8
x = 8, y = 12,
(x, y) = (8, 12)
133
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3
, x = 8 y = 12 8 + 12 = 20
(8, 12) ,
8 + 3 12 = 44.

y.
)
A , , , .
3x + 2y = 12
y
,
5x 2y = 4
, y .
:
3x + 5x = 12 + 4 8x = 16, x = 2.
x , .. ,
:
3 2 + 2y = 12 2y = 6 y = 3.
x = 2, y = 3, (x, y) = (2, 3).
3x + 5y = 1

2x + 7y = 8
:
,

.

,
.
x,

2
3, :
3x + 5y = 1 (2)
6x 10y = 2
2x + 7y = 8 3
6x + 21y = 24
6x 10y + 6x + 21y = 2 + 24
11y = 22, o y = 2
y = 2, 3x + 5y = 1
:
3x + 5 2 = 17 3x + 10 = 1

3x = 9 x = 3

x = 3, y = 2,
(x, y) = (3, 2)
x = 3 y = 2
3 (3) + 5 2 = 1
(3, 2) ,
2 (3) + 7 2 = 8
.
134
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.3 A

1 N ,
12.
, , + = 180.
, = 3 + 12. ,
.
= 180
3 + 12 + = 180
3 + = 180 12

=+ 3
+ 12 = 3 + 12 = 3 + 12
=
42
= 42

4==3168
+ 12 = 3 42 + 12 = 138
= 138 = 42.
2
(x + 2y) + y = 7
N

x + 2y =
4

x + 2y 4 , :
y = 7 4
y = 3
y=3

x4 ++ 2yy ==7
4 x + 2y = 4 x + 2y = 4 x + 2 3 = 4
y = 3
y = 3

xy += 63
= 4 x = 4 6 x = 2
x = 2, y = 3, (x, y) = (2, 3).
3x y
x+y
=1
2
8

2x 1
y3
+
=2
5
2
, , :
x+y
3x y
8
8
= 8 1
4(3x y) (x + y) = 8
8
2
2x 1
y3
2(2x
1)
+
5(y
3)
=
20
10
+ 10
= 10 2
5
2
12x 4y x y = 8
11x 5y = 8

4x12x24y+ 5yx 15y ==8 20
4x 2 + 5y = 20 4x + 5y = 37
135
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3
O y ,
: 11x + 4x = 8 + 37 15x = 45 x = 3.
x = 3 :
4 3 + 5y = 37 12 + 5y = 37 5y = 25 y = 5.
x = 3, y = 5, (x, y) = (3, 5).
4 O
50 1 . , 126
90 . ;

x 50 y 1 ,
x + y = 126 (1).
H 0,50 x + 1 y,
0,50 x + 1 y = 90 (2).
(1) (2):
x + y = 126
x + y = 126

0,50 x + 1 y = 90 ( 2)
x 2y = 180
M y 2y = 126 180 y = 54 y = 54.
A y = 54 :
x + 54 = 126 x = 126 54 x = 72.
72 50 54 1 .
x + y = 6
x y =
4
) (2, 4) ) (7, 1) ) (6, 2) ) (5, 1)
5
3x + 2y =
2x + y =
7
:
) x; ) y;
) x; ) y;

3x + 5y = 1

2x 5y = 9
;
) 3x = 1 ) 2x = 9 ) 5x = 10 ) 5x = 10
3 A
136
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.3 A
4 M
y ;
5x + 4y = 9
.....
4x 3y = 1
.....
3x
+ 2y = 1 ..... 2x + 5y = 4 .....
5 M ;
2x + 5y = 7
y = 3x + 2
5x + 3y = 2
7x + 4y = 8
)
)
)
)

y = 3x 5
5x 5y = 18
y = 5x + 8
3x 2y = 4
5x 7y = 4
2x + y = 5

(2) :
(1):

2x y = 3
5x + 7y = 4
,
. ;

1 :
x + 3y = 2
4x y = 10
3x + y = 4
x 2y = 1
)
)
)
)

y = 4
2x + y = 0
x + 3y = 9
x + 2y = 3
2 :
2x y = 3
3x 2y = 0
2x + 3y = 5
3x y = 7
)
)
)
)

2x + y = 4
5x + 2y = 6
2x + 3y = 0
6x 9y = 3
3 :
)
2x + y
= 3
4
3x y
= 4
2
x1
y = 1

4
)
y
x
+ 4 = 1
6
4 :
x 5 2y + 1
+
= 3
2
3
x+4
y6
= 4
3
2
x(y + 4) = y(x 6) 15 + 3x
4x 3(2x + 3y) = 20 x + y
)
)

2(x 2y) + 5(x 2) = 3y + 4
(x 1)(x + 2y) = (x + y)2 y(y + 1)
5 :

0,2 = 1,5
2,5x + 3,2y = 1,8
1,3 0,8 = 2,1
) 4
)
)

0,9 + 0,4 = 0,5
3 + 1,4 = 1
1,6x 2,4y = 5,6
137
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3
6 :
)
2
1
y = 0
x
x + y = 3
1
2
1

+
= 6
)
3
4
5
+

=
1
1
2
=
3
9
6
+
=1
7 1 : 2x + 5y = 10 2 : x y = 1.
y
8 O :
3y
2
1:
:x
3 : 3
x y
=14
1 : 2x 3y = 14
2 : x + y = 2
3 : 3x y = 14
.

;
4
1
y=
9 A 3 + 3 + 3 + ... + 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 + ... + 5 = 410

100,
3 5.
10 A
x2x+yy==78

, .
x = 1 y = 2,
11 x + y = (1, 2) (3, 2).

, .
12 , , x2 + ( )x + 2 = 0
1 3.
13
180 cm

.
.
180 cm
14 2,5

800 2 5 .

.
138
1/15/13 4:22 PM
3.3 A
15 O
16.
2 , 4
.
;
16 12 cm.
,
58 cm. .
17 ,
8 , 4 .
.
18 400 38% vol, -
32% vol 48% vol .

;
19

= 0 t, t

. 2 sec 12m/sec 2sec
4 m/sec, 0 .
;
20 945 -
1810 C.
2 C
1,2 C,

.
21 10
, . 7
64 , 4 28
.
;
139
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3
3
1 N
=1
, k .
xx ++ yy =
k
2 A 1 : ( + )x + y = 7 2 : x + ( + 3)y = 1
(2, 1), .
xy=3
2x + y =
, (2) :

2x + y = 9
3x y =
, , .
3 (1):
4 x, y :
) (x + y 2)2 + (2x 3y + 1)2 = 0
5 :
) 2x2 + y2 2xy + 4x + 4 = 0
(3x 4y)(x + 2y) = 8

(2x 3y + 4)(x + y)=0
)
)
)
x
+ y = 2

2x + y = 4
2
x2 + y2 = 2xy
x+y=7
6 , 100 , 4 15.
7 (2 3)x = + 1 , , .
8 18 cm.
72 cm2, .
9 , 5 ,
11
4
.
3
10 , 18 C
6 C . 350
4500 C, .
11 , 10
, 18 .
12 ,
6 3.
, 4
9. ;
140
1/15/13 4:22 PM
M - 3
13 2 m
5 m, 94 m2. ,
4 m 6 m,
104 m2. ;
14 55 km.
80 km/h
60 km/h

80 km/h
.
B
A
55 km

60 km/h .
;
15 45 km.
3 ,
, 20 .
;
16 .
,

180 m
,
12 sec.
930 m
42 sec.
.
17 R1, R2, , 2,4 .
R2 12 ,
R1. R1, R2.
E 3o K
1 .
x, y x + y = ,
.. 3 + 2y = 7.
x + y = (x, y)
.
.. (1, 2) 3 + 2y = 7, 3 1 + 2 2 = 7.
x + y = , 0 0.
141
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 3
4
:
5y
: y=2
5
2
10
1
0
: x=3
0 0,
x+y=

.
, .
.. (3, 4) : y = 0, 3 4 = 0.
,
. .. (0, 2) : 4 5y = 10, 4 0 5 (2) = 10.
=0,
y= -

xx xx.
=0,
x=
yy yy.
2 .
x, y :
1x + 1y = 1
3 + 2y = 4
() :
..
2x + 2y = 2
3y = 5
() (x, y)
. .. (2, 1)

3 + 23 yy == 45
,
2(1) = 4
322 + 3(1)
= 5
x, y :
)
1, 2.
2:
2x+
2:
8
y=
5
y=
+
:x
1
6
x
y=
3 4
1, 2 ,

. ..
x + y = 5

2x + y = 8
(x, y) = (3, 2).
3
x
2
x
(3,2)
24
2 : 6
x2y
=1
1 : 3
xy= 2
6
2
1:
3y
=6
1, 2

,
.
.
1, 2 ,
,
.

.
)

1 .
142
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4o
4.1
y = x 2 0
4.2
y = x 2 + x +
0
4
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4.1
y = x2 0
4

4
4

.
y = x2 0.
y = x2
.
1. :
y x y = ................
To y x y = ..........
To y x y = ..............
2. , x 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
y;
3. (x, y)
y = x2 > 0
x, y
, , x y. , y = x2 ,
x y.
.. x = 1 y = 12 = 1,
y

x = 2 y = 22 = 4 ...
9
(3, 9)
(3, 9)
,
8
(x, y), y
x,
7

y
M(x, y)
M(x, y)
.
6

y = x2
5
x.
(2, 4)
x 3 2
y 9
4
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
4
3
9

.

y = x2.
(2, 4)
3
2
(1, 1)
3 x 2
(1, 1)
x
1 (0,0)
144
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4.1 y = x2 0
A :
(0, 0) x9x ,
x y $ 0.
H y = x2 y = 0, x = 0.
x = 3 x = 3 y = 9 (3, 9) (3, 9)
y9y. x
y, y = x2 y9y.
y = x2 < 0
M
y = x2,
.
:
(0, 0)
x9x ,
x
y # 0.
H y = x2
y = 0, x = 0.
x
y,
y = x2 y9y.
3 x 2
1 (0,0)
(1, 1)
3 x
(1, 1)
3
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
5
6
y
M9(x, y)
M(x, y)
7
8
(3, 9)
(3, 9)
y = x 0.
2

(0, 0) y9y.
A > 0, < 0,
x9x
x9x
y = 0, x = 0. y = 0, x = 0.
y
O (0, 0)
y=x
>0
y=x2
<0
O(0, 0)
145
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 4
y = x2
. :
y
y=2 2
x
y=
1x 2
y= 2
x
y= 2
x
y=
2
1x
x
y=2 2
x
)

y = x2
x9x,

.

, .
) y = 2x y = 2x
,
x9x.
2
:
y = x2 y = x2
x9x.
y=2x2
x
y=2x2

1 N , y = x2
(1, 3).
y = x2 (1, 3), , y = x2.

, x = 1 y = 3, 3 = (1)2, = 3.
2 N y = 2x2 2 # x # 2
y.
9
;
2
y = 2x2.
x 2 1
y 8 2
0
0
1 2
2 8
146
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4.1 y = x2 0
M 2 1
.
, x, 2 2
(2 # x # 2) y 8
0 ( 8 # y # 0).
(1, 2)
, y 0, x = 0
y 8, x = 2 x = 2.
y =
(1, 2)
9
:
2
9
3
9
2 = 2x2 x2 = 4 , x = 2 .
2
y = 2x
9
2
9
9
3
3
, 2 2 , 2 .
2

,
9
y = 2x2.
:y=
2
(2, 8)
(2, 8)
3 A ,
1
t S, S = 2 gt2 (g 10m/sec2).
N - .
S g = 10 m/sec2
1
S =
? 10 ? t2 = 5t2.
2
20
(2, 20)
15
S = 5t
(0, 0)
(1, 5), (2, 20) ...
,
-

1 .
2
10
5
0
(1, 5)
E
1 y = 2x2;
) (1, 2)
) (2, 8)
) 1 , 1
2
2
) (2, 8)
147
143-158.indd 147
3/26/13 2:58 PM
M - 4
2 o ;
) y = 4x2 ) y = 4x2 ) y = (4x)2 ) y = (4x)2.
3 (), (),
:
) H y = 6x2 (0, 0).
) x9x y = x .
) y = 8x y = 8x
y9y.
) y = 3x2 y = 0.
) y = 2x2 y = 0.
) y = x2 (1, 2),
(1, 2).
2

1
y = x2.
4
)
.
)

1
y = x2.
4
5 A y = x2 (2, 4), :
) =
2
) = 1
) = 4
) =
1
8
6
.
1
1) y = x2
3
2) y = 3x2
)
3) y =
)
x
4) y = x2
1 2
x
3
148
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4.1 y = x2 0

1 N :
) y = 2x2 ) y = 2x2
) y = 3 x2 ) y = 2 x2
4
3
2 N :
) y = x2, y = 1 x2 y = 3x2
3
) y = 3 x2 y = 3 x2
2
2
y
3 N
.

x9x
.
2
x
(2, 1)
4 N y = 4x2 9.
2
5
N , y = ( + 2)x
1, 1
.
2 2
6 y = 1 x2
(2, ), .
m = 1 m2.
2
) -
1, 2 4 .
) = 2,
.
) = 3 ,
2
, .
149
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4. 2
y = x2 + x + 0
4
y = x 2 + x + 0.
1. y = x2 4x + 3
:
x 1
y
2. y = x2.
3. N y = x2 (2, 1)
x = 2.
y = x2 4x + 3 ;
y = x2 y = x2, ,
y = 3x2 1, y = 2x2 + 8x, y = x2 4x + 3 ...,
.

T y = x2 + x + 0.
, y = x2 4x + 3
,
x.
3
0
4
3
5
8

.

y = x2,

2
1 .

y = x2 4x + 3.
y
8
4x +3
2
1
y = x2
1
0
y = x2
0
3
x =2
x 1
y 8
3 2 1 O
1
2 3
1
K(2, 1)
150
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4.2 y = x2 + x + 0
y = x2 4x + 3 ,
(2, 1) x = 2.
H y = x2 + x + 0
:
K 2 , 4 , = 2 4

x = 2
y = x2 4x + 3 (2, 1)
x = 2.
,
4
( 4)2 4 ? 1 ? 3
=
2
= 1.
2
2?1
4?1
4
y
O,
y = x2 2x + 3 y = x2 ,
(1, 4)
2
1
1
3
x = 1
(2)2 4 ? (1) ? 3
4 =
= 4.
4 ? (1)
3 2 1 0
2x +
2
2 =
= 1
2 ? (1)
4
3
y = x 2
x = 1,
K(1, 4)
y = x2 4x + 3 y = x2 2x + 3,
, :
y = x2 4x + 3 > 0
(2, 1) y = 1, x = 2.
y = x2 2x + 3 < 0
(1, 4) y = 4, x = 1.
A > 0, y = x2 + x + y = 4 , x =
2
A < 0, y = x2 + x + y =
, x =
2
4
151
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 4

1 N y = x2 2
xx.

H y = x2 2 y = x2 + x + = 1, = 0 = 2,
0
02 4 1 (2)
2 =
= 0 4 =
= 2.
21
41
y

(0, 2)
x = 0, yy.

.
x 3 2
y 7
2
1
0 1
1 2 1
2
2
3
7
y = x2
2
w2
3 2 1 0
1
w
2

2
y = x2 2 xx y = 0 (
xx 0) x2 2 = 0 x2 = 2,
2 x = w
2. , xx
x = w
2, 0) (w
2, 0).
(w
y=x 2
2
+2
+2
2
, y = x2 + 2,
(0, 2)

y = x2 2 (
,
0).
+2
2 +2
y=x 2
+2
y=x 2
y = x2 2,
(0, 2),
y = x2
2 (
,
0).
2 N y = (x 2)2
yy.

H y = (x 2)2 y = x2 4x + 4 y = x2+ x+
= 1, = 4 = 4, :
152
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4.2 y = x2 + x + 0
y
(4)2 4 1 4
2 =
=
2
=
= 0.
21
4
41
x 1
y 9
0
4
1
1
2
0
3
1
4
4
y=(
x=2
x 2) 2
,
(2, 0)
x = 2.

.
5
9
1 0 1 2 3 4 5

x
y = (x 2)2 yy, x = 0 (
yy 0), y = (0 2)2 = 4. ,
yy (0, 4).
, y = (x + 1)2,
(1, 0),

y = x2 1
( ,
0).

1
+2
4 3 2 1 0
+2
2) 2
+2
+2
y = (x
y = x2
+ 1) 2
y = (x
:
y = (x 2)2,
(2, 0),
y = x 2
2 (
,
0).
+2
2 3 4
5 x
3 N y = x2 4x x y < 0.

H y = x2 4x y = x2 + x + = 1, = 4
(4)2 4 1 0
4
= 2 4 =
= 4.
= 0, 2 =
41
21
, (2, 4)
x = 2.

.
153
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 4
4
0
5
5

y
x
0 4. , y < 0, 0 < x < 4.
4x
1 2 3
3 4 3
y = x2
0
0
x=2
x 1
y 5
1 0
1 2
4 5
3
4
K(2, 4)
) .............................
........................
.......................................
) ..............................
y = ................., x = ..................
2 1 0
1
) xx
................., ................... yy
.................. .
2x
y = x2 2x 3. N
.
y = x2
1
1
3 4
2
3
4
2 . y = 4x2 + 2 :
i)
) (4, 2) ) (0, 4) ) (0, 2)

ii)
) (2, 0)
) y = 2
) x = 2
) y = 0
) x = 0
3 (), (),
:
) y = 2x2 5x + 4 .
) y = x2 x + 2 yy (0, 2).
) yy y = 3x2 7.
) y = (x + 1)2 xx.
) H y = x2 + 2 yy.
154
1/15/13 4:23 PM
4.2 y = x2 + x + 0
4
.
1. y = (x + 1)2
)
2. y = x2 1
3. y = x2 + 1
1 0
1
4. y = (x 1)2
1 0
3 2 1 0
3 x
1
1 x
1 0
5 O y = x2 + x + < 0 .
x 2 1
y 5 0
0
3
1
4
2
3
3
0
4
5
:
)

........................... ...........................
) y = ....................., x = ..................
) x9x .............,

........................... y9y ...........................

1 :
) y = x2 + 2x 3
) y = 2x2 + 4x + 6
2 :
) y = 3x2 12x + 11
) y = 4x2 8x + 1
) y = 2(x 6)2 + 7
3 y = x2 + 2x 4 # x # 2
x, x 2 + 2x = 3.
4 y = x2 2x + 2
x2 + 2 > 2x x.
155
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 4
5 y = x2 + 3x + .
) (1, 6)
;
) = 2, 4 x 1
.
6 y = x2 6x + 5. , ,
, .
7 , y = x2 + x + x = 4
y = 7.
8
,

10 m 40 m.
)
1
y = 40 x2 + x,

10
5
0
5 10
20
A
30
40
0 x 40.
) ,
, 30
;
4
1
, ,
9y2 = 4x4.
N , y = (2 1)x2 y = (1 42)x2
xx.
y = x2, y = 2x 3
.
, (2, 3)

yy (0, 5).
156
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 4
( = 90)

10 cm.
) y
1
= x y = 2 x2 + 5x, 0 < x < 10.
) .
) ,
.
, 6 m 3 m.
,

.
,
;
6m
= 10 cm
3m
.
,
;
6 m
, 8 m,
.
6 m ,
:
)

1
y = 2 x2 + 2x + 6, 0 # x # 6.
)

6 m ;

= 16 m
= 6 m.
)

3
y = 32 x2 + 6, 8 # x # 8.
8
6
6m
O
16 m
) ,
3,2 m .
157
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 4
E 4o K
) y = x2 0

y = 0, x = 0
>0
(0, 0)
x=0
<0

y = 0, x = 0
y = x2 + x + 0
>0
, )
( 2
4
x=
2
<0
y = ,
x
4

x=

2
y = ,
x
4

x=

2
158
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.1
5.2

5.3
5

1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.1
4

4

4

.

.

.
.
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;

. ,
, ,
... , (, ,
, , , , ...),
(, , , ...) . , , , .
.

(, , , ...)
:
)

. ..
= h, , , , , , j, 2004
= h2, 0, 4j, ...

.
, ,
160
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.1
. ..
= h, , , ..., x, y, j,
N = h0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...j.

, N. :
[
)
= h0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ...j,
, :
= h j = hx[N, x j

.
) Venn
.
..
,
Venn.

= h, , , j = h j,
= h, , ,
j .
, = .

, .

= h, , , j = h, , , , , , j,

.

# .

o ,
.
161
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5
:
.
, .
:
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
= ..., 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
1
3
2
4
, , , 0
T
,
.
.
.. = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

, A = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , B = 2, 4, 6 ...

= ,
.
.
2
3
= 1, 2, 3, = 2, 3, 4, 5,

.

.
= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

, , ,
.
162
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.1
)
= 1, 2, 3, = 2, 3, 4, 5,

.
,
.
= 2, 3 .

, , .
)
= 1, 2, 3, 4
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,

6
. 0
.
2
1
7
= 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
8
3 4

5
Venn, :
9
A A = =

1 N :
= x, 3 x < 2 , =
= x, x3 = x .

T x,
3 x < 2, = 3, 2, 1, 0, 1.
, = 1, 3, 5, 7, ....
x3 = x x3 x = 0
x(x2 1) = 0 x(x 1)(x + 1) = 0.
x = 0 x = 1 x = 0, o =1, 0, 1.
2 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
= x, x = x, x 1821 .
) ,
Venn.
163
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5
) , , .
) ( ) = ( ) = .

) ,
:
= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 = 1, 8, 2.
Venn .
) :
= 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 , = 2, 8 ,
= 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 = 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 .
4
3
) = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 , ( ) = 3, 5, 7, 9 .
= 3, 5, 7, 9 , ( ) = .
= 2, 8 , ( ) = 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 .
= 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 , ( ) = .
E
1 (), (),
:
) = 1, 2, 3 = 3, 2, 1 .
) = 6, 7 = 67 .
) = , = , , , , .
) = x, 0x = 2 .
) =
.
) = .
2
, .

. x, x2 = 4

. x, x2 = 4
. x, 3x = 4
. x, x 2

1. 0, 1, 2
2.
3. 2, 2
4. 2
5. 1, 2
164
159-182.indd 164
3/26/13 3:00 PM
5.1
3 A Venn

:
= ............................................................................
= .................................. = ..................................
= ................................. = .................................
= ........................... = ...........................
5
7
4
, = , , , , .

.

. , ,
. , , , ,
.

1. , , , ,
2.
3. , ,
4. ,
5. , , ,
6. ,
5 Venn
:
) : ..................................................................
) : ..................................................................
) : ........................................................................
) : ........................................................................
) ( ): ...............................................................
)( ): ...............................................................

1 :
) = x, x2 = 25 ) = x, x2 = 25
) = x, 2 < x 4 ) = x, x 12
2 = 0, 2, 4 , = 1, 0 , = 1, 2, 3, = (1, 2), (4, 5) :

) = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ;
) = 6;
) =x, x2 + x = 0;
165
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5
3 N :
h 2123 j
=
.
4 N :

h (x, y), x, y[N x + y = 4 j

=
5 N :
) = h 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ...j ) = h , , , , , j ) = h 0, 2 j
6 = h1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 j, = h1, 2, 4, 5 j
= h 2, 4, 6 j. Venn
:
) < ) > ) 9 ) 9
7 :
= h j,
= h j
= h j.
) , ,
Venn.
) < , > , > .
) > ( < ) = ( > ) < ( > ).
8 :
= h 2004 j.
= h 2004 j.
:
) .
) .
) .
) .
9 = h j = h j
:
) < ) > ) 9 ) 9
) > 9
) 9 > ) 9 > 9
166
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.2
4

4

4

,
.
,
.

.
1.
;

) . ;

) .
;

) . ;

) 2.
;

) 1 2.
;
) . ;
2. ,
; ;

, , . :
A ,
100 K.
2,
.
, ,
.
. ,

,
h1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6j
.
167
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5
, ()
(), = h , j.
N ( ) .
.. () = 6, () = 2.

, ,
.

, .
, 1
2, :

...
1
M ,
,
.
O

1 2, :
= h111, 112, 121, 122, 211, 212, 221, 222j,
8 (() = 8).
A
,

,
.

, :
= h (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), ..., (6, 5), (6,6) j,
36 (() = 36).

1

1

2

111
112
121
122

1

2

2

211
212
221
222
2
1
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
168
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.2
E
, = h1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 j.
= h 2, 4, 6 j, ,
.
, = h 1, 2, 3 j 4.
6, = h 2, 4, 6 j,
.
6 2
4. 2, 4, 6
.
, ,
, (). = h 2, 4, 6 j () = 3.

, 7
= h1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6j.
.
6 \.

.

, , Venn.
. :
,
< ,
, .
.. = h 2, 4, 6 j = h1, 2, 3 j,
< = h1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 j.
,
> ,
.
.. = h 2, 4, 6 j = h1, 2, 3 j,
> = h 2 j.
1
2
1
2
169
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5
9 , .
..
= h 2, 4, 6 j, 9 = h 1, 3, 5 j.
1
4
6
5

,
,
> = \.
.. , = h 1, 3 j
= h 2, 4, 6 j ,

.
.
1
3
4
6
, > = \ .

1 ,
.
,
;

To (),
() ().

,
.
To :
= h, , , , , , , ,
, , , , j
I
I

H

N
I

N
II
INH
INI
INN

H

H
N
I
I

N

H

N
I

N
NH
NIH
NII
NIN
NNH
NNI
NNN
170
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.2
2 4 1 4.
, ,
.
) .
) .
. .
.
.
. 3.

) 16
, :
= h (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), ..., (4, 3) (4, 4) j.
2
1
1
2
3
4
(1,1)
(2,1)
(3,1)
(4,1)
(1,2)
(2,2)
(3,2)
(4,2)
(1,3)
(2,3)
(3,3)
(4,3)
(1,4)
(2,4)
(3,4)
(4,4)
)
.
: = h (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4) j.

.
: = h (2, 1) (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2) (4, 3) j.

3.
: = h (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4), (1, 3), (2, 3), (4, 3) j.
E
1 :
) .
) .
) .
) .
2
.

. ;
171
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5

2, 3, 5,

, .
;
4 = h 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 j,
;
) = h 4, 8, 10 j ) = h 0, 2, 3, 6 j ) = h 4, 7, 8, 10 j
) = h 6 j
5 6. :
) = h 2, 4, 6 j ) = h 1, 3, 5 j ) = h 4, 5, 6 j ) = h 1, 2, 3 j
6 , .
;
) . ) .
) . ) .
7 .
;
) 31 .
) .
) .
) 27 .
8
() ().

. <

. >
. 9

1. .
2.
, .
3. .
4.
.
172
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.2

1 (), (), ()
(), ().

.
;
2 . ;
3
, , ,
( ).
.
, ,
4
.
.
) ;
) ;
) .
;
5 4 (, , ,
) 3 (, , ).

. :
) .
) : .
: .
6 = h 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 j.
Venn
= h x[, x 9 j = h x[, x < 6 j
, :
) , .
) .
) .

2. 6 8 9
4 7.
) ;
) :
: 7.
: 6 8.
173
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5. 3
4 .
4 .

.
6
6. ;
,
= h 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 j.

,
.
,
.

6, = h 0, 2, 4 j 0 2 4,
6 = {6, 8}
6 8. 5
, 3
2 .
3
60%

5
3
60%,
() =
5
2
40%.
(B) =
5
,
() = 3 () = 2,
, () = 5.
, ,

()

= ()
() =

, 25 , 11
14 , ,
174
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.3
: : :
() =
11
()
= 25 44%
()
() =
14
()
=
56%.
25
()
:
()
()
() =
= 1 () =
=0
()
()
0
1,
. :
0
() 1

,
= h 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 j 6 .
= h1, 2 j
1
()
2
() =
=
= 3 .
()
6
2
5
4
2
(9)
9 = h3, 4, 5, 6j (9) =
= = .
6
3
()
1
2
() + (9) = + = 1.
3
3
, 9 () + (9) = 1.
= h 1, 2 j, = h 2, 3, 5 j
, :
< = h 1, 2, 3, 5 j > = h 2 j.
3
4
2
1
P(> ) = .
() = , (B) = 6 , P(A< ) =
6
6
6
: (A< ) + P(> ) =
A
1
2
5
1
3
4
5
5
2
=
() + (B) =
= ,
+
+
6
6
6
6
6
6
(A< ) + P(> ) = () + (B).
, (A< ) + P( > ) = ( ) + (B)

.
175
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5

1 .
:
: .
: .
: 31 .

12 ,
() = 12.
= h , j,
() = 2.
()
1
2
=
=
16,7%.
() =
()
6
12
= h , , j, () = 3.
1
(B)
3
25%.
(B) =
=
=
4
()
12

= h , , , , , , j,
( )
7
58,3%.
( ) = 7. ( ) =
=
()
12
2 M .

45%,
60%
27%, :
) .
) .

.
> , :
27
45
60
.
( > ) =
() =
,
() =
100
100
100
) ,
9. () + (9) = 1, :
55
45
45
.
(9) =

+ (9) = 1 (9) = 1 100
100
100
55%.
176
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.3
)
,
, , < .
( < ) + ( > ) = () + (), :
( < ) +
27
60
45
=
+
100
100
100
78
45
27
60
( < ) = 100 +
= 100 .
100 100
78%.
E
1 ;
) 12 , 4 ,
4 4 , .
) 12 , 5 ,
5 2 , .
) .
) .
2 ,
:
1
7
1
17
) 2 ) 24 ) 24 ) 24
N .
3 (), (),
.
) () = 1,02.
) 80%, () = 80.
) 1
0.
) 32%,
68%.
3
4 5 ,

:
5
2
) 3 ) 1
5 ) 5
N .
4
) 4
5
5 , () = 11 , () = 11 ( > ) = 11 .
( < ) = 6 . ;
11
.
177
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5

1 1 13.
:
)
) 4;
2 1200 .
% 6 ;
3 52 12 .
, ;
4 20 , 8 , 7
5 . .
:
: .
: .
: .

9
1
5 25
10
2
.
12
3
,
13
2
:
14
4
) 15
15
3
16
2
) 14
17
2
) 16
18
3
) 19 20
19
2
20
1
6 .
;
7 . :
: 6.
: .
: 5.
8 25 12 .
, ;
178
1/15/13 4:23 PM
5.3

,
;
9
. ;
3
7
5
10 , () = 10 , () = 10 ( < ) = 10 .
( > ).
5
11
11 () = 14 , (9) = 14 ( < ) = 2 , ( > ).

12 42%,
21% 15%.
;
13 ,
24 , 18 , 14 20
. ,
;
,
. .
, ,
4 , 1 , 2 1
.
1 25%, 2 50% 1 25%.

4
4
4

179
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5
5
1 = x, x 8 , A = x, x
= x, x 8 .
) , ,
Venn.
) , , .
) A , :
i) ii)
iii) iv) .
2 12 , 3 , 3 ,
3 3 .
; 1
, 2 1 .
;
3 80
. 18 30
, 36 .
) :

) . :
i)
ii)
iii)
iv) .
4 25, 36, 65, 92 , -
.
, ;
5 8, 12, 16, 20 .

;
6 1, 2, 3, 4
180
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5
.
.
) ) .
7
7 , ( < ) = 10
(9) + (9) =
11
, ( > ).
10
8 , ,

8 7.
;
( )
.
, , , ,
:

1

1 1

1 2 1

1 3 3 1

2 = 21
4 = 22
8 = 23
N :
) 5 .
) 5 .
) , 6 .
E 5o K
.
, .

Venn.
, .
,
# .
\.
181
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 5
,
< .
,
> .

9.
,
.
.
.
,
.

.
.
<
<

, .

.
9

.
, > = \.
() =

()
=

()
0 # () # 1.
() = 1 (\) = 0.

() + (9) = 1
, (< ) + ( ) = () + ().
182
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1o
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

1
185
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.1
4

4

4

( ) .

.
.
A , ,
1, 2, 3, 4.
H
2
1.
1, 2, 3, 4 .
2. :
= ....., = ....., = ....., = .....,
= .....
= .....
, ,
, , .
A + B + = 180

, .. , .

..
.
:
,
.
A,
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186
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.1

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187
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 1
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4 cm
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m
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( = = 4 cm, = = 5 cm)
( = = 70).
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= , = = .
, , .
:
.
188
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.1
2 ( ).
= = .
9
9
,

.
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( = = 60, = = 40).

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6600
8 cm
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40
60
40
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:
.
3 ( ).
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,
,
. E
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6c
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,
,
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A = = 6 cm = = 5 cm.
,
= , = = .
cm
189
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 1
9
2
1 ,
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2

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.
.
,
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3 ,
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4 5 ,
,
180.
.

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190
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.1

1 ( = ) .
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:
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1 = 2, .
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= .
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,
.
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3
.
191
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 1
()
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:
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4 .
z xOy
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= .

:
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192
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.1
= ....., = ..... = ...... .
cm
45
7 cm
.
.
80
8 cm
60
60
45
7 cm
75
7 cm
60
45
70
70
50
5 cm
= ..... , = ..... = .....
5 cm
7 cm
60
5 ;
8 cm
60
7 cm
8 cm
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50
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70
80
70

= ..... = .....
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193
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 1
8

;

.
55
8 cm
8 cm
35
5 cm
50
6 cm
cm
B
m
4c
4c
8 cm
11
5 cm
40
10

.

.
40
5 cm
6 cm
9

.

.
1 = = .
= .
xOy. =
, = .
A
x
3 , , = .
= .
4 = = .
= .
194
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.1
3c
m
5 K
8 cm. = = = 3 cm,

.
m
3c
3 cm
6 ,

= .
= .
7 .
= = .
8 .
9

. :
) =
B
) .
9
30
30
70
70
B9
10

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.
11 ,
,
12
195
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 1
13
.
= = , :
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) .
B9
14
. = ,
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15 ( = )
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= , = .
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17 ( = 90) . ,
= .
18 () .
, ().
19 =
= .
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) .
20 , ,

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21
. ,

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196
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.1

A ,
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= .
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,

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.

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, , 2.500
.
= ; ;

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197
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1. 2
4

4
4

4

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.

.
M
.
1. .
2. 9 ,
9;
1, 2, 3
9
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1
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2 9
B
2
.
1
9 1, 2, 3
2 9
9, 9, 9 , 3
99, 99 .
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99 99 :
9 = 9 9 = , 9 =
9, 9 = .
29 = 29 2, 3
9.
19 = 19 9, 9
9.
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99 = 99. , , :
,
.
198
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.2
, ( // )

, , , ,
,
. = .
, ,
//
// , , ,
,
. = .
, , :
()

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= 5 cm
, 1,66... cm,
.

,
y

:
x

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x
, , ,
, , y .
x ,
. = = .
4, 5, 6, ..., .
H
,
, 4 ? = 4 ? .
:
= 4.
199
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1

4.
()
4 ? AB
, ,
1
, 3 ? :
1
1
?
= .
=
3
3
:
2
2
= 3.
= 3 ?
1
3 ,
2 .
3
, , :

, = ? .
= 3 cm
= 6 cm,
1
2 ,

3 cm
6 cm
1
3 cm
= 2
6 cm
,
.
, = 120 cm ZH = 1,5 m,
120 cm
4
120 cm
= 1,5 m = 150 cm = 5
, ,
.
= 2,
..
,
, = 80 cm = 40 cm = 18 cm
= 9 cm ...
200
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.2

9 cm
6 cm
3 cm
2 cm
= 9 cm = 3 cm,

= 3. , = 6 cm
= 2 cm,
= 3.
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= 3,
.
, , .
, , ,
= .
=
, , , .
, ,
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.
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= = =
= = =
+
+
201
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
.
) , .
) , , .

) O 1, 2, 3, 4 1,
. = = .
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1
A
3
A
A
2
= ,
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=
=1

3
2 ,
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2
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, = . = 2 , =
2
:

3 ( = 90)
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) =
2
) // , .
) // , . ,
= .
202
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.2
= 2 , = 2 . :

.
4 , , , = 2 cm,
= 4 cm = 3 cm, ,
, .
2 cm
4 cm
3 cm
1
2 cm
3 cm
1
E =
=
= .
= 2
4
cm
6
cm
2
=
,

, .
1 1 // 2 // 3.
x.
2 A 9 // 9 // 9
4 cm,
.
9
9
9
3
;
.
4 :
)
4 cm
12 cm
203
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
5 = = =
:
)
6 (), (),
.
2
) = 8 cm = 12 cm, = 3 .
)

= , = 2 = 3.
3
) 1.
2
)
= , .
5
) 2.
) ,
= .
2
)
1
3 .
7 = 4 = 1 = 4,
.
;
1 // //
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2 )
= 7 cm .
2
,
=
5
6
4
= = .
5
5
) :
ZH
AB
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
i)
ZH
ZH
204
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.2
1 cm
)
)
)

2 cm
4 ( = 90) = 6 cm = 10 cm. :
)
)
)

5 4 cm.
.
6 -
, // .
:
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.
) ,
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7 = = 90.

A ,
= .
.
,

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.
;
205
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1. 3
4

.
1. ,
.
2. 9 ,
9
, ;
1, 2, 3
9
, , ,
9
1
= 2 ? .
9
9 1, 2, 3
B
9
9, 9, 9 , 2
99, 99
9
3
. 99 = 2 ? 99.
,
1, 2, 3, 1, , 2, 3
, 9.
99 = 99 = 99 99 = 2 ? 99.
, = 2 ? 99 = 2 ? 99, :
2 ? B
=
2 ? 99
99
= 99 .
99
,
99, 99.
,

. :
B
= 99 =
1 // 2 // 3
99
99
.

B
.
=
=
99
99
99
99
206
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.3
,
99
99 .
=
=
99
99
, , //
// ,
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.
= ,
=
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()
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=
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= // .

1 = 9, = 4 = 6.
// x, y.

// ,
:
9
x
=
=
10x = 36 x = 3,6.
10
4
y = 9 3,6 y = 5,4.
2 M -
60
= 50 m = 60 m
22 m

, 10 m E
10 m
,
Z
. = 22 m = 18 m,

18 m
, , .
// // :
207
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
60
= 50
22
50 ? = 1320 = 26,40 m.
E // //
=
= 60 50 ? = 1080 = 21,60 m.
50
18
= 60 (26,40 + 21,60) = 12 m.
1 A , , , ,
:
)
=
=
)
) =
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:
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=
)
2 A // , -
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.
; .
4 1 // 2 // 3.
5
7
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1.
2.
3.
4.

.
BK
.
K
9
9
5 // // . -
3
1
3
1
2
3
2
3
B
3
208
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.3
1 . .
18
14
.
.
3 // . x.
18
18
21
4 o 1 // 2.
14
10
5 // , // .
x.
12
6 o // // . .
18
7 // // .
10
x, y.
18
12
cm
cm
34
28
cm
65
,
.
;
8 K -
68
cm
209
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1. 4
4 .
4 .
1. .
2. , , , 9, 9, 9,
9 , , , . 9999

.
3. , , , 0, 0, 0,
0, , , , . 0000
. ;

,
9, 9 = 2 ?, O
9 = 2.
1
0 , 0 = 2 ? ,
O
1
0 = 2 .

. ,
. .

= 2

99, 9, 9
. 9 = 2 ?
9
9
=
= 2, // 99.
9 = 2 ? ,
.
A99
= 2.
99 , 99 = 2 ?
A
210
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.4 O
1
A 00 = 2 , :
1
00
1
= 2.
00 = 2 ?
A
x9
x y
(.. = 2),
x,
y 9, 9, 9 , , .
x9 9y9, x y.

, x y = x9 9y9.
9
y9
9
= 2,
0
0
9999,
O
0
0
9, 9, 9, 9
, , , .
9999
9
, :
99
99
99
A99
= =
=
= 2 9 = , 9 = , 9 = , 9 = .
9999 = 2
1
. 0000 = 2 ,
:
00
1
00
A00
00
=
=
= = 2 0 = , 0 = , 0 = , 0 = .
1
0000 = 2
.

.

.
9 , 9
, > 1
, 0 < < 1
, = 1.
211
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
(, )

O
(.. = 2),

, 9 9 .
(9, 9), 9 = 99,
(, ). 99
= 2, 99 = 2 ? , 9 = 2.

1 M , 1,5 cm
= 3, .
B9
, , ,
9 = 3 ? ,
9 = 3 ? , 9 = 3 ? , 9 = 3 ? .
To 9999
= 3,
99
99
99
A99
=
=
=
= 3.
:
1,5 cm
9
9
, 99 = 3 ? = 3 ? 1,5 = 4,5 cm.
O 99 = 99 = 99 = 4,5 cm
E , 9999 .
9999 ,
.
.
E
1 .

) = 5 ....... ) = 2 .......
3
1
) = 3 ....... ) = 5 .......
212
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.4 O
2 ;
(. 1)
(. 2)
(. 3)
3 :

1 3 cm.
1
) : i) =
ii) = 2.
2
) .
2 , = 12 cm

2

3
.
= 9 cm. =
3 N
= 3.
.
2c
45
4 (, )
= 3.
.
213
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
5 , , , :
1
.
3
2.
2
3 .
3.
6 .
2 :
) ) ) .
(1, 1), (2, 2) (0, 2).

) 999
= 2. .
;
) 000 (1, 1),
= 2 .
;
8 , , ,
=
1
1
1
= . // = .
3
3
3

9, 9
, .
A9
A
B
214
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.5
4 .
4 .
,
9999 ( 9)

( )
.
1. -
O
9
0000 ( 0 )
= 2.
2. 9.
3.
9
9;
9
9
,
. 9
9.
:
.
9,
, ;
( ) 9999 ( 9), 9
.
0000 ( 0) = 2,
9 0 ,
. 0 , 2 ,
9 , 9 .
9 .
9999 , :
99
99
99
A99
=
=
=
= 2 (1) 9 = , 9 = , 9 = , 9 = (2)
A
.
A
, .
215
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1

A99
..
= 2 , .
A
,
, :
,
.
A (1) :
=
99
99
99
A99 + 99 + 99 + 99
9
A99
=
=
=
=
=
.
+++

A
o .

,
. .
,
.
1 : 2000000 ,
1
, 1 cm 20 km
=
2000000
.

1 N .

.
99999
, :
=
=
=
=
99
A99
99
99
99
.

360
= 180 5 = 180 72 = 108.
216
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.5 O

, .
2 -
4 cm

270 m.

.
;
5 cm

T
9999, .
A
=
= (1).

99
A99
.
2 ? 4 + 2 ? 5 = 18 cm, 9999
, 270 m 27000 cm.
18
1
A
1
=
=
=
.
=
27000
99
1500
A99
1500
:
A99 = 1500 ? = 1500 ? 4 = 6000 cm A99 = 60 m.
99 = 1500 ? = 1500 ? 5 = 7500 cm 99 = 75 m.
, 60 m 75 m. 1
1 : 1500.
=
1500
E
1 (), (),
.
) .
) .
) , .
) .
) , .
) .
217
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
5
6
3 .
AEZH
4 A 9999
12
15 c
cm
cm
, :
)
9999 ......................
9
) 9999
......................
) 110, ....... 110.

A99 + 99 + 99 + 99
.......
) =
+++
) ....... cm.
3 cm
; .
)
)
6 cm
2 cm
120
6 cm
60
5 cm
4c
9c
6 cm
218
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.5 O
2 , x
:
)
cm
B
E
130
6,3
9 cm
6 cm
3 24 cm 18 cm.

20 cm, 4 cm.
; .
4 .
, ,
, .
1
5 = 4 , // // .
:
)
.
)
.

,
.

.

640 m,
. ;
M 1 cm
1 cm
219
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 1
=
=
2c
m
, ,
, ,

.
3c
m
= , = ,
= .

; .
,
( = = ).
A ,

, 99 , 9
. 99 // :
2
2
2
9
9
=
=
9 =
? 9 =
?
3
3
3
99
2 , 99 . , 99 , .
3
, .
, , ,
.

1 .
4 .
3 m
8 m, 12 m, .

99 ,
= 9 = 90
. , ,

,
=
(1).
99
9
8m
12 m
220
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.5 O
4 , 99 = 5 ? 3 = 15
8
m. (1)
=
20 ? = 120,
8 + 12
15
= 6 m.
2 = 10 cm = 8 cm
.
. .
, = = 90
. , ,
.
.
= = 90 =

=
=
10
cm
8 cm
(1).
(1) =
10
8
=
.
8
10 ? = 64, = 6,4 cm. = 10 cm = 6,4 cm

= 10 6,4 = 3,6 cm.
E
1 ;
)
50
50
60
60
60
50
60
80
30
60
221
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
2 N
30
75
3 N .
)
4 N (), (),
.
) .
) , .
) .
) .
) 40, .
) ,
.
5 )
.
)
, ;

1 x :
)
x
m
6c
12 c
cm
9 cm
4 cm
cm
8 cm
8 cm
12 cm
222
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.5 O
2 ( = 90) .
. = 4 cm = 9 cm,
.
3 = 8 cm = 12 cm
, = 2 cm = 3 cm. N
:
) //
) , .
4 ,
= 12 m, = 15 m, E = 60 m
= = 90.
5 ,
x.
6
3x
6 M 0,4 m
= 0,5 m.

, ,

,
= 16,8 m.
;
0,5 m
16,4 m
0,4 m
32 cm
7 // ,
12 cm
// // . ,
x.
18 cm
57 cm
223
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
8 1,36 m.

;
7 ..
(624 - 547 ..),
,
, ,
.

. , , :

,
o

.
, , ,
.
, ,

9;
224
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1. 6
4 M
.
1 : 50.
60 cm x 30 cm.
1. .
2.
.
3.
.
,
. 9999
,
= 3.
9, :
9 = 3 ? 3 = ?
:
3 ? 3
9
=
= 32
?
B9
,
.
, ,
,
3
3
, = 5 = 5 ,
,

3
5 .
3
= 5 .
() () :
1 ? ?
}
3 3
3 2
()
2
=
=
?
=
?
=
.
5
5 5
1 ? ?
()
}
2
( )
225
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
, , ,
.
, ()
(9)
2 cm 4 cm .
1
2
() (9) = 4 = 2 ,
1 2 1
= 2 =4.
9
9
( )
4 cm
2 cm
1 ,
2
= 3 . -
.
18 cm2,
.
1 = ,
, .
, ,
2
= 3 . () ()
=
()
2
=
3
()
( )
4
()
= 9 () = 8 cm2.
18
T () = 18 cm2 8 cm2 = 10 cm2.
2 , ,
.

;
o 2.
226
1/15/13 4:23 PM
1.6
()
=
()
1
= 2
( )
1
= 4.
E, () = 4(),
.
E
1 1, 2 ,
1, 2.
2 cm
4 cm
1
2
4 cm
E1 = ...E2
2 cm
E1 = ...E2
E1 = ...E2
2 N :
) ,
....................... .
) o ,
....................... .
) 6 cm
3 cm, .......................
.
2
3 1 2 5 .
1 16% 2.
;
3c
()
()
2c
1 // .
2 // B.
18 cm2,

.
3 cm
5 cm
227
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
3 = 1 cm = 5 cm,
.
.
4 , , , , ,
:
()
()
) () )
()
5 , //
8 cm
4 cm
// , 1, 2,
4
1
2
3 : 1 = 9 , 2 = 9 3 = 1.
B
6
4 cm
.
:
()
()
)
)
()
()
3 cm
. , ,
, , , :
) .
)
3
4 .
8 40 cm2.
, :
) 120% ) 75%.
9 30%, %
.
10
20%,
. %
.
228
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
1
, = .
2 ,

, = .
: ) = ) .
3 , .
.
= .
4 999 = 99, = 9
99 . 999 .
5 // // .
) . O
) 2 = ? .
6 cm
5 cm
A 3 cm
6 6 cm. N
.
8 cm
7 .
.
.
8 ,
x, .
()
) () .
) () = 200 cm2, x.
229
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M B - 1
3c
m
9 //
9
() =
16
(). x.
5c
2c
// // . :
16
) = ) () = 49 ? ()
10 // ,
B
E 1o K
. I

.
. :
( ).
( ).
( ).
. :
.
.
, ,
.

= ? .
, , , = .

. , ,
.
9
9 = ? .
.
.
.
.
,
.
.

.
, :
.
.
230
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2o
T
2.1

2.2

0 # # 180

2.3
2.4

2
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.1
0 # # 180
4

4

4

.

0 # # 180.

.
xy
, x .
1.
2. .
2
1
3 4

, . ,
:
=
=
= =
O .
y
xy
(4, 3) x9x
B
M(4, 3)
y9y, = 4 = =
3.
3
= x O
5
2
=
.
1

= 2 = 42 + 32,
1 2 3 4
x
42 + 32 = w
25 = 5.
= w

3
=
5 =

4
=5 =

3
=4 =
232
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.1 0 # # 180

.
,
xy,
,
x
2 .
(x, y), ,
=
= w
x2 + y 2
y
M(x, y)
O :

y
=
=
x

=

=

y
= x
:
, x>0, y>0, >0, : >0, >0, >0.
, x<0, y>0, >0, : >0, <0, <0.
= 0 = 90 = 180.
,
0, 90 180.
y
M(0, 1)
M(1, 0)
M(1, 0)
x
= 0
A x
.. (1,0), =xM=0
==1. :
x
= 90
A y
.. (0,1), =xM=90
==1. :
x
= 180
A x9
.. (1,0), =xM=180
==1. :
y
y
y
0
0
1
=
0 = =
= 1 =0
1 = 0 90 =
1 = 1 180 =
1
x
0
x
=
0 = = 1 = 1 90 =
= 0 180=
1
y
0
0 = x = 1 = 0 90 180 =
( x=0)
1
x
=
= 1
1
y
0
x = 1 =0
233
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 2

30, 45 60
.
30
45
60
w
2
w
3
w
3
w
2
w
3
w
3

3).
1 xy (4,
= xO.

= :
x 2 + y 2 = w
( 4)2 + 32 = w
25 = 5.
= w
y
3
M(4, 3)
x
y
3
4
4
=5
: = = 5 , = =
5
y
3
3
= x =
= .
4
4
xy
2 o
z, xOz = 135. z
1.

xO = 135.
135
B(1,0)
x9x y9y. xO = 135 x Oy = 90
O = 45, .
= = = 1 y = 1.
x 2 + y 2 = w
( 1)2 + 12 = w
2.
(1, 1) = w
x
y
y
1
1
w
2
w
2
1
= 1.
135= =
=
, 135= =
=
135= =
x
2
2
1
w
2
w
2
1 (5, 12) = = 13. = x O

:
= ....... = .......
= .......
234
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.1 0 # # 180
2 = x O ,
> <.
... 0 ... 0
... 0
3
.

. 90

. 180
1.
. 0
. 90
2.
. 0
. 180
3.
. 0
. 180
0
1
4 (), (),
.
) 1 # # 1.
) , < 0.
) > 0, .
) .
1 = x O, :
) (3, 4)
) (5, 12)
) (0, 3)
2 y = 2x.
) N
1.
) = x O.

x 30. 10 .
30
x
235
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 2
y
4
.
:
) .
)
120.
120
60
B(2, 0)
x
y
.
)
3, 1).
(w
)
150.
M
2
150
30
6 = 4 .

1,
:
) .
) .
1.
1 2,

;
20
16
12
8
( ).
4
12
16
20
236
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.2
:
4 .
4 .
xy (3, 4).
1. 9,
y9y;
2. N xO = xO9 = .
3. N
.
xy (3, 4)
9(3,
4) y9y.
A
xO,
y
x9O9 = , = xO9
9(3, 4)
= 180 ,
(3, 4)
4
, + = 180.
3

2
9 + 16 = w
25 = 5, :
= = 9 = w
1
4
4
3
= 5 , = , = 3

5
4
3
4
= 5 , = 5 , = .
3
x9
3 2 1 0
, :
, = 180
.
180 :
(180 ) = (180 ) = (180 ) =

, .
,
1
150 = (180 30) = 30 =
2
w
3
150 = (180 30) = 30 =
2
w
3
150 = (180 30) = 30 =
3
30
150
237
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 2
150 30,
, . :
0 180,
.
, x = 35 0 # x # 180, x = 35 x = 180 35,
x = 35 x = 145.

1 N = 140 + 170 40 + 10.
140 40 , ,
140 = 40.
170 10 ,
, 170 = 10. :
= 140 + 170 40 + 10 = 40 10 40 + 10 = 0.
2 , , = 80 = 70
: ) ( +) =
) ( +) =
, ,
180, :
80 + 70 + = 180, = 30. :
) ( + ) = (80 + 70) = 150 = (180 30) = 30 = .
) ( + ) = (80 + 70) = 150 = (180 30) = 30 = .
E
1 (), (),
:
) 150 = 30
) 135 = 45
) 100 = 80
) 75 = 105
) 110 = 70
) 140 = 40
2 x 0 # x # 180, :
)
)
)
x = 60,
x = 20,
x = 30,
x = ...............
x = ...............
x = ...............
238
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.2
3
.

. 140

. 140

1. 40
2. 40
3. 40
4. 40
5. 40
6. 40
. 140

1 :
) 120
) 135
) 150
2 :
) 108 + 77 72 + 103 = 0
) 122 58 ? 135 = 0
3 :
) 245 + 2135 = 1
) 230 + 260 + 2120 + 2150 = 2
4 : (140 + x) = (40 x) (158 x) = (22 + x).

5 x, :
w
2
) x = 1 x
2
1
) x = w
3
) x = 2

) x =
) x =
w
3
2
) 2x = 1 + x
6 .
;
7 = = 90. :
) + = 0
8 cm
) + + = 0
8 -
6 cm
9 6 cm
, = 2 cm.
.
6 cm
2 cm
239
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.3
4

4

.

.
1 2
.
1. = xO.
2. ()2 + ()2
.
3. .

(x, y)
y
(x, y)
x 2 + y 2 2 = x 2 + y 2.
= w
A 2, :
2
x2
y2
= 2 + 2
2
( x )
( ) =1
+ y
(1).
E = y = x , (1)
()2 + ()2 = 1 2 + 2 = 1.

2 + 2 = 1
A = y = x ,
0, :
y
= x
=
=
= x
A 0

=

,

.
240
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.3
1 = 5 , .

A 2 + 2 = 1
3 2
2 = 1 2 2 = 1
5
( )
2 = 1
9
4
16
2 =
= .
25
5
25
< 0, =
4
.
5
3
3
5
=
= 4 , = .
4
2 = 2, .

= 2
= 2, = 2 (1).
2 + 2 = 1 2
(2)2 + 2 = 1 42 + 2 = 1 52 = 1 2 =
=
1
,
5
1
w
5
.
=
5
w
5
> 0, =
(1) = 2 ?
3 N :
w
5
.
5
w
5
2w
5
=
.
5
5
) (x x)2 + 2xx = 1
1
) 1 + 2 = 2

)
(x x)2 + 2xx = 2x 2xx + 2x + 2xx = 2x + 2x = 1
)
1 + 2 = 1 +
2
2 + 2
2
1
=1+
=
=
2
2
241
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 2
E
1 (), (),
.
3
2
.
) 2 = , 2 =
5
5
) = 0, .
) 2 = 2 1.
5
5
12
) =
=
, =
13
12
13
2 O , = 0 = 0.
; .
3 :
) = 1, = .............
) = 0, = .............
3
4 . = 5 , :
)
2
5
4

5
2
5
2

5
4
5
4
5
1 = 13 , .
2 = 3 ,
.
3
3 = 4 , .
4 = 5 , :

2
1
1
.
+
3
10
3
242
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.3
5 :
) 3 + 2 =
) 2 4 = 22
6 x = 3 y = 3, :
) x + y = 3
7 N :
) 2 2 = 22 1
) x2 + y2 = 9
) 22 + 22 + 2 = 1
8 N :
) ( + )2 + ( )2 = 2
) ( + )2 + ( )2 = 2 + 2
9 N :
) 2x 2x + 2x = 1
x + x
= x
1 + x
10 N :
)
2x
= 1 x
1 + x
) x +
1
x
=
x
1 + x
11 N :
) 50130 50130
) 214 + 2114 + 2166 + 266
12 N :
) 7070 110110 = 0
) 240240 + 2140 = 1
13 = 30 = 60, :
2x + 2x =
14 , ,

w
3
4
+1
+3
2w
3
.
+3
243
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.4
4
.
1. ,
10

,
. 100 m
.
= 45 B = 30.
45
30

; ,
A .
45
30
2. ,
;

,
.
;

. :
= (1)
=
= (2)
(1), (2)

=
.
=
.
, :

= =
244
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.4
, ,
,
( ).
B
670
6 ? 0,94
=
= 0,705.
8
8
= 45.
70
,
6
8
=
=
8 = 670
70
=8
,
,
,
.
,

: 2 = 2 + 2 (1).
= , (1) :
2 = 2 + ( )2 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 ? (2).
= .
2 + 2 = 2 =
(2) : 2 = 2 + 2 2
.

2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
245
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 2
,
,
.
cm
, = 9 cm,
A
= 7 cm = 6 cm, .
.. :
2 = 2 + 2 2
B
= 9 cm
72 = 62 + 92 2 ? 6 ? 9 ?
49 = 36 + 81 108 ? 108 = 68
68
= 108 = 0,629. = 51.
cm
1 = 120, = 45 = 30 cm. N
+ + = 180
120
120+ 45+ = 180
= 180 165 = 15.

45
B
= 30 cm

30
=
? 120 = 30 ? 45 (1).
45
120
w
3
w
2
45=
(1)
120 = (180 60) = 60=
2
2
:
w
2
30w
2
30w
6
w
3
=
= 10w
6 cm.
?
= 30 ? 2 =
2
w
3
3
1, 2 10 .
,
. x, y
.
x
1
59
75
10
12 + 59 + 75 = 180,
= 46.
y
10
x
=
=
.
46
75
59
246
1/15/13 4:23 PM
2.4
10
10 ? 75
10 ? 0,966
x
=
=13,44 .
x=
x=
46 75
46
0,719
y
10 ? 59
10 ? 0,857
10
=
=11,92 .
y=
y=
46
0,719
46 59
1 13,44 2 11,92 .
3 = 60, = 4 cm = 2 cm. N
, .
= + 2 = 4 + 2 2 ? 4 ? 2 ? 60
1
2 = 16 + 4 16 ? 2 2 = 12.
2
60
cm
= w
12
4
=
=
2c
= 2w
3 cm.
:
3)2 2 ? 2w
3 ? 2 ?
2 = 2 + 2 2 42 = 22 + (2w
16 = 4 + 12 8w
3 ? 8w
3 ? = 0 = 0, = 90.
+ + = 180 = 60, = 90, = 30.
4 F1 = 4 N F2 = 3 N
= 60. F.

H F F1, F2,
,
.

= F1, :
F2 = F12 + F22 2F1F2 (1).
60
, = 60
(1) :
F1
F2
60
F2 = F12 + F22 + 2F1F260 F2 = 42 + 32 + 2 ? 4 ? 3 ?
F1
1
F2 = 37,
2
F = w
37 N F = 6,08 N.
247
1/15/13 4:23 PM
M - 2
E
= =
80
30
2 :
) = =
30
) = =
20
70
3 (), (),
:
) = .
) = 60, = 100,
=
.
100
20
) 2 = 2 + 2 2.
) = 70, = 80,
2 = 2 + 2 280.
) = 60, 2 = 2 + 2 .
4
:
x2 = .................. y2 = ..................
2 = ..................
75
60
x
60
10
) x ..................
..................
) x ..................
..................
) x ..................
..................
) x ..................
..................
x
12
4
50
x
6
4
x
5
60
10
70
248
1/15/13 4:24 PM
2.4

1 x :
)
)
45
75
15
45
x
45
120
30
2 x :
)
30
5w
3
3w
6
4
120
60
3 , :
2 = 30 ) = w
2 , = w
3 = 60.
) = 2, = w
3,
4 = 30, = 10, = 10w
.
5 N x

. ( ).
130
30
200 m
6 :
= 12, = 6, = 60 .
;
:
, .
;
F1
7 F1, F2 F = 10 N
F1 28 F2
35. F1, F2.
( ).
28
35
F2
249
1/15/13 4:24 PM
M - 2
E Z = 46. 30 m, 26
1,40 m
E = 26. ,
30 m
1,4 m.
( ).
46
9 x :
)
3w
2
7
3
45
30
2w
3
12
13
x
10 , , = 120
3.
= 3w
11 R = 10 cm,
120. .
c
10
120
12 =4, =3
= 120.
13 -
100 m
154 m.
M = 73,
100 m 73
. ;
; (
).
B
154 m
250
1/15/13 4:24 PM
2.4
14

.
= 0,70 m, = 1,30 m
= 1,80 m.
, , ,
.
, ; (
).
1,30
0,70 m
80
1,
m
Fire
STOP
Y .
, ,
, ...
2
1 :
) (1 x + x)2 = 2(1 x)(1 + x)
x
1 + x
2
+
1
+
x = x
x
2 xy (4, 0)

5, 13.
O, .
3 = 30 cm, = 45 = 75.
,
.
4
, :
)
1 2
=
)
) =
=
2
251
1/15/13 4:24 PM
M - 2
5 )
=
1
.
2
20
12
)

.
28 m
6 ) 2 = 2 + 2,
.
) (+) + ( ) = 2,
.
7 :
) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0
) 2 2 = ( )
) = +
2 + 2 + 2
+
+
=
2
8 ,
, =
3
.
4
,
. 30 m

,
. (
).
54
58
49 52
30 m B
252
1/15/13 4:24 PM
M - 2
E 2o K
0 # # 180
xy, = x Oz,
(x, y) z,
, :
y
x
y
x2 + y2 = , = , = .
= = w
2
2w
5
,
=
5
w
5
1
w
5
z
(x, y)
12 + 22 = w
5,
.. (1, 2), = w
=
2
w
5
, = 1 = 2.
5

0 # # 180
:
0
90
180

+ +

+

. ,
(180 ) = (180 ) = (180 ) =

.. 160 = 20 160 = 20
160 = 20
:
2 + 2 = 1
( ).
( 0)
.. 235 + 235 = 1, 35 =
35
35
=
=
: 2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
253
1/15/13 4:24 PM
1 - 89
( )
0,0175
0,0349
0,0523
0,0698
0,0872
0,1045
0,1219
0,1392
0,1564
0,1736
0,1908
0,2079
0,2250
0,2419
0,2588
0,2756
0,2924
0,3090
0,3256
0,3420
0,3584
0,3746
0,3907
0,4067
0,4226
0,4384
0,4540
0,4695
0,4848
0,5000
0,5150
0,5299
0,5446
0,5592
0,5736
0,5878
0,6018
0,6157
0,6293
0,6428
0,6561
0,6691
0,6820
0,6947
0,7071
0,9998
0,9994
0,9986
0,9976
0,9962
0,9945
0,9925
0,9903
0,9877
0,9848
0,9816
0,9781
0,9744
0,9703
0,9659
0,9613
0,9563
0,9511
0,9455
0,9397
0,9336
0,9272
0,9205
0,9135
0,9063
0,8988
0,8910
0,8829
0,8746
0,8660
0,8572
0,8480
0,8387
0,8290
0,8192
0,8090
0,7986
0,7880
0,7771
0,7660
0,7547
0,7431
0,7314
0,7193
0,7071
0,0175
0,0349
0,0524
0,0699
0,0875
0,1051
0,1228
0,1405
0,1584
0,1763
0,1944
0,2126
0,2309
0,2493
0,2679
0,2867
0,3057
0,3249
0,3443
0,3640
0,3839
0,4040
0,4245
0,4452
0,4663
0,4877
0,5095
0,5317
0,5543
0,5774
0,6009
0,6249
0,6494
0,6745
0,7002
0,7265
0,7536
0,7813
0,8098
0,8391
0,8693
0,9004
0,9325
0,9657
1,0000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
( )
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
0,7193
0,7314
0,7431
0,7547
0,7660
0,7771
0,7880
0,7986
0,8090
0,8192
0,8290
0,8387
0,8480
0,8572
0,8660
0,8746
0,8829
0,8910
0,8988
0,9063
0,9135
0,9205
0,9272
0,9336
0,9397
0,9455
0,9511
0,9563
0,9613
0,9659
0,9703
0,9744
0,9781
0,9816
0,9848
0,9877
0,9903
0,9925
0,9945
0,9962
0,9976
0,9986
0,9994
0,9998
0,6947
0,6820
0,6691
0,6561
0,6428
0,6293
0,6157
0,6018
0,5878
0,5736
0,5592
0,5446
0,5299
0,5150
0,5000
0,4848
0,4695
0,4540
0,4384
0,4226
0,4067
0,3907
0,3746
0,3584
0,3420
0,3256
0,3090
0,2924
0,2756
0,2588
0,2419
0,2250
0,2079
0,1908
0,1736
0,1564
0,1392
0,1219
0,1045
0,0872
0,2698
0,0523
0,0349
0,0175
1,0355
1,0724
1,1106
1,1504
1,1918
1,2349
1,2799
1,3270
1,3764
1,4281
1,4826
1,5399
1,6003
1,6643
1,7321
1,8040
1,8807
1,9626
2,0503
2,1445
2,2460
2,3559
2,4751
2,6051
2,7475
2,9042
3,0777
3,2709
3,4874
3,7321
4,0108
4,3315
4,7046
5,1446
5,6713
6,3138
7,1154
8,1443
9,5144
11,4301
14,3007
19,0811
28,6363
57,2900
254
1/15/13 4:24 PM
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 94
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
. . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
. . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
. . . . 42, 43, 44
. . . 145, 151
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
. . . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . 170
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . 240
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . .
124
128
128
144
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
. . . . . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Venn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 94, 95
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . 17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186, 187
.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
. . . . . . . . 145, 151
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
. . . 175
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
. . . . 174
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145, 151

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
. . . . . . 188, 189
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199, 200

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225, 226
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
. . . . . . . . . . . . 122
. . . . . . . . . 128
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
. . . . . . . 145, 151
. . . . . 134
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
. . . . . 91
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 244, 245
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 145
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
. . . . 56, 57, 96
. . . . . . . . . . . . 154, 155
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 169, 170
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162, 163
. . . 233
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
. . . . . . . . . 170
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 145
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
. . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 86
. . . 63
Euler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Lagrange. . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
. . 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . 150
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
. 234
. 232, 233

. . . . . . . . . 237
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
. . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

. . . . . 191, 192
255
1/15/13 4:24 PM

9
.
1 ) 3x2y, ) x2, ) 3 x3, ) 0,4, ) 4 xy24, ) 0
1.1
.
1 ) 18, ) 10, ) 7, ) 20
2 2004
4 ) 1 , ) 1, ) 7 , ) 3
5 )
3 65 km, 25 km
2 ) 15x3,
2
5
9
) x5, ) 6x3y4, ) 6x3y5, ) 4 26,
2
3
) 1 x45, ) x3y44
3
3 ) 42, ) 4x , ) 5 3,
5 5
2
3
1
, ) 25 , ) 5 ) 7x , ) 4x , ) 7
4
22
18
4 ) 2 x5y5,
) x3y5,
) 4x8y116 5 ) 3x2, ) 2xy, ) x2 + xy, ) 4 + x2,

2
) +, ) , + ) , + 8 ), ), )
. ) 2xy + x2 (), (), () 6 .
2
9 =4 ( x + y) + ( + )=2, =1 + (x + y) ( + )=3
10 + = 28, + = 16,
1.3

= 24 + ( + ) + 2( + ) = 36

11 0.
6 1
7 ) +,
1 ) x4 + 2x3 5x2 + 3x + 10,
B.
(3)
4
1 ) 23, ) 36, ) 103, ) 58, ) 32, ) 36, ) 2 , ) 32
2 ) 4, ) 1 , ) 1, ) 27, ) 10.000, ) 16, ) 9 , ) 1
10
3 ) 5x10, ) x5y7, ) 8x4, ) 8x , ) 108x12, ) 2x
27
4 = 0, = 1, = 100.000, = 125
5 .
) 2x3 6x + 1,
) 2x3 3x2 + 7x + 7,
) x4 + x 5
2 ) 9, ) y3 3xy2 + 2x3. x y 3
3 ) (3)= 3 (2) = 3, ) (1)= 5 (3) = 15
4 ) .= 2x + 200, . = x2 + 200x,
) .= 388,4 m, . = 8826 m2
5 ) x3 + 7x2 2x + 1, ) 2x2y + xy y3,
) 2 7 22, ) 32 + + 3, ) 1 x2 11 x + 4 ,
2
12
3
) 4x3 + 2x2 + 4 6 ) 5x3 x2 4x 2,

) 2x3 + 3x2 2x + 4, ) x3 + 5x2 9x + 14
.
7 ) 7x2, +3, 4x ) +5x, 2x3, 1 8 1 : 6x2
1 ) 2w
5, ) 3w
7 4w
3, ) 11 , ) 9 2 ), ), ), )
2x +1 2 : 5x2 + x 2, x2 + 5x 6 3 :
28
2
2
2
3 ) 4 ) 10 ) 6 4 1 : 3x x, 8x 1 9 = 3, = 7, = 4 10 t +20t, 125 m.
12w
2 , 10. 2 : 12w
2 , 16, 3 : 12w
2 , 18, 1.4
w
2
6 )
2, ) w
3 w
5, ) 2
5 ) 10, ) 6w
,
2
1 ) 15x3y 6x2y2,
) 8x3 4x2, ) x2 + 9x,
2w
6
w
5
3
3
2 ) 82 + 16 62, ) x3,
) 2x y + 2xy
, ) 2 +w
, )
2 7 ) x = w
5, ) x = 2,
)
3
2
4
3
2
) 6x 39x + 45x , ) x + 20, ) 6x4 + 11x3 + 9x2 4x,
w
3+1 9
) x = 8, ) x = 0 8
) 3x3 + 14x2y 3xy2 20y3 3 ) 12x4 29x3 + 23x2
2
6x, ) 2x4 + 4x3 5x2 + 11x 6, ) 22x3 + 41x2y 8xy2
50 +w
8 = 7w
2 10 = 3w
5 =w
5,
= w
3y3 4 ) ) N
5, ) 4+2w
20, 2(2+w
20).
o = 3 11 ) =2w
5 ) 8x3 + 30x2 37x + 15, ) 2x3 11x2 + 18x 9,
) 8x3 + 24x2 30x + 10 6 = 6, = 18, = 12, = 0
1.2
7 y. 8 1 = x(x+5) 2 = (x+2)(x1)
1 ) 4, ) 4
2 5 23 3 ) = 0, ) = 3, ) = 4
1.5 A
1 ) x2 + 4x + 4, ) y2 + 10y + 25, ) 42 + 4 + 1,
2
2
2
2
4
2
4 ) = 3, = 2, ) = 4, =3, ) + 4 + 4 , ) 9y + 12y + 4 , ) x + 2x + 1,
) y4 + 2y3 + y2, ) 4x4 + 12x3 + 9x2, ) x2 + 2w

2x + 2,
= 2, ) = 4, = 3, = 2 5 E = 42, V= 4 3, =1256,
) x + 2w
xy + y, ) 2 + + 1 , ) 2 + 8 + 162
3
4
V= 12560 6 x + 9, (x ) 7 x2+ 25, 169 2 ) x2 6x + 9, ) y2 10y + 25, ) 92 6 + 1,

3
256
1/15/13 4:24 PM

) 42 4 + 2, ) 9y2 12y + 42, ) x4 4x2 + 4,
) y4 2y3 + y2, ) 4x4 20x3 + 25x2, ) x2 2w
3x + 3,
) x 2w
xy + y, ) 2 3 + 9 , ) 2 4 + 42
4
3 ) 4 + 2w
3, ) 11 +2w
30, ) 11 6w
2, ) 8 2w
7
4 ) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 9, ) (y 4)2 = y2 8y + 16,
) (4x )2 = 16x2 8x + 2, ) (x2 2)2 = x4 4x2 +
42 5 ) x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1, ) y3 + 12y2 + 48y + 64,
) 83 + 122 + 6 + 1, ) 273 + 542 + 362 + 83,
) x6 + 9x4 + 27x2 + 27, ) y6 + 3y5 + 3y4+ y3,
) x3 6x2 + 12x 8, ) y3 15y2 + 75y 125,
) 273 272 + 9 1, ) 8x3 36x2y + 54xy2 27y3,
) y6 6y4 + 12y2 8, ) 6 65 + 124 83
6 ) x2 1, ) y2 4, ) 9 2, ) 16 x2, ) y2 x2,
) x2 y2, ) 4x2 49y2, ) x2 2, ) x y 7 P(x) = 20
= 8 ) (3 ), )
= 10 = 1
7+w
3)
5(3w
2)
5+1 ) 3(w
9 ) w
)
, ) 2(2w
3 w
6)
2
10 ) x 27,
3
) y + 8, ) 83 + 1,
3
) 1 3
11 ) 5x2 + 12x + 41, ) 2x2 + 10, ) 4x2 2xy +
6y2, ) 64, ) 163 + 12, ) 62 + 12, ) 65 + 23,

) 482 + 13 1
) (2x 3)(x2 + 2), ) (x 2)(4x ), ) ( 2)(9 5),

) (3x 2y)(4x 5), ) (x + w
2 )(x2 + 1), ) (w
3 x + 2)(w
2 x 1)
5 ) ( + )(7 + 3), ) (x y)(5x 3y), ) (x y)(3x + 2y)
6 ) ( + )( 1), ) =
=1 7 ) ( 1)(2 + + x), ) ( 2)(2 + 5 + 2)
8 ) (x 3)(x + 3), ) (4x 1)(4x + 1), ) ( 3)( + 3),
) ( 2)( + 2), ) 5( 1)(7 + 5), ) (x + 8)(5x 4),
3)(x + w
3), ) (x w
2 y)(x + w
2 y)
) x 1 x + 1 , ) (x w
4
4
)(
9 ) 2(x 4)(x + 4), ) 7(2 y)(2 + y), ) 2x(x 1)(x + 1),

) 5(x 4)(x + 4), ) 2(x 3)(x + 1)
10 N : 2 2 = ( )( + )
) 45, ) 0,35, ) 24 11 ) x = 7 x = 7, ) x = 0
x = 2 x = 2 , ) x = 0 x = 1 x = 3, ) x = 2
3
3
x = 3 x = 1 12 ) (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9),
) (y + 2)(y2 2y + 4),
) ( + 4)(2 4 + 16),
2
) (2x 1)(4x + 2x + 1), ) (3y + 1)(9y2 3y + 1)
13 ) 3(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4), ) 2(2 + 1)(42 2 + 1),
) 4 (R )(R2 + R + 2), ) ( + )(2 + 2)
3
14 ) x3 27 = (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9),
) 8x3 + y3 = (2x + y)(4x2 2xy + y2),
12 ), ), )
) 3 83 = ( 2)(2 + 2 + 42),
9 , ), ), ) ) 3 + 1253 = ( + 5)(2 5 + 252) 15 ) (x 1)2,

) (y + 2)2, ) ( 3)2, ) ( + 5)2, ) (1 2)2, ) (3x2 +
13 ) 4, ) 12w
5, ) 28, ) 144 14 )
1)2, ) (2y 3)2, ) (4x + y)2, ) (5 )2, ) ( + 1)2,
2
2
9 , ) ) y 3 , ) x + 1
3
2
= 2005, x = 20 15 16 ) 3(x + 4)2, ) (y 2)2, ) 2( 2)2, ) (2 + 3)2
16 17 ) x2 + 2xy + y2, ) x + y 18 x+1 19 ) (x+1)(x+ 2),

(+)2()2
) (y 1)(y 3), ) ( + 2)( + 3), ) ( + 1)( + 5),
= 4 17 )
) (x 4)(x 3), ) (y + 3)(y 4), ) ( 3)( 6),

9 , )
) ( + 5)( 2) 20 ) (x + 2)(x + w
3 ), ) (x + 2)(x + 3),
( = 24 cm2 ) 18 , ) (x + 3)(x w
2 ) 21 ) 2( + 1)( + 4), ) 3( 5)( + 1),
( )( + ) = 2 2
) (x 1)(x 6) 22 ) N 1453,
1.6

) 999 = 1000 1, 1001 = 1000 + 1,
) 801,) ,
) 9992 + 2 ?999 + 1 = (999 + 1)2,
) 972 + 6 ? 97 + 9 = (97 + 3)2
1 ) 3( + 2), ) 2(x 4), ) 2(4 + 3), ) 3x(3x + 23 ) (x2)(x + 2)(y 1)(y + 1), ) (x + 1)(x 1)(x2 + x + 1),
2), ) 4(2 + ), ) 2x(x y + 1), ) ( + 1), ) (x 1)2(x + 1)(x2 + x + 1), ) (x 3)2(x + 3)2,
2 y(x 3 + 2y) 2 ) ( )(x + y), ) ( )( 1), ) (x y )(x y + ), ) (1 + )
) 22( 2 + 3), ) w
) (x + y)( + ), ) (x 2)(2x 5), ) ( 2)(2 + 3), (1 + ), ) (y 5 + x)(y 5 x),

) (x 1)(4x 1), ) 2x(x 3)(2x + 9) 3 i) ) x(x+1), ) (x 1)(x 2)(3x + 14), ) (y + 2)2(y 3)(y 1),
) y(2y5), ) (3)(+2), ) 3(1) ii) ) x = 0 x = 1, ) ( + )( )( + + )( + ), ) (2x 3)2

) y = 0 y = 5 , ) = 3 = 2, ) = 0 = 1 24 x 2 y
2
1.
4 ) (x + y)(x + ), ) (x 1)(x2 + 1), ) (x 5)(x2 + 4),
257
1/15/13 4:24 PM
1.7
1 ,) 1 , ) 1 5 ) x2 , ) 1 , ) (x+2)2
2
(+1)
x2
2(x1)
2(x+3)2
1 ) (x) = 2x2 3x + 3, (x) = 0, ) (x) = 2x2 x
3, (x) = 8, ) (x) = 6x3 + 6x2 + 5x + 7, (x) = 0,

) (x) = 2x2 + x + 3, (x) = 5, ) (x) = x3 2x +
1, (x) = 5x, ) (x) = 3x2 + x 1, (x) = 0, ) (x)=
4x2 + 3, (x) = 0,) (x) = x3 1 x, (x) = 1 x 4
3
3
2 ) (x) = 6x2 + 22x + 12, (x) = 3x + 2, (x) = 2x + 6,
) (x) = 2x3 + 10x2 + 2x + 20, (x) = x + 3, (x) =
2x2 + 4x 10, (x) = 50 3 2x3 + x2 + 2x + 5 4 ),
) (x): Q(x)
5 ) (x) = x2 2x + 1, (x) = 0, ) (x 3)(x + 3)(x 1)2
6 ) N , ) (x + 1)4
7
(3 + 3) : ( + ) 8 ) (x) = x2 5,
(x) = 4x2 6x + 7, ) (x) = x3 + 6, (x) = 6x + 27 9
(x) = 6x2 + 6x + 6, (x) = + 6 = 6 10 2x + 3
11
45x2 + 56xy + 16y2, = 9x + 4y.
1.8 E.K..

B.
x+y
x2
1y
12
, )
, ) 2 , ) 2 2
,
xy
x(x+1)
y
( +1)
3
1
1
6
2
2 ) 1, ) , )
, )
, )
, )
y
2
2(x6)
x
+3
1 )
3 ) x 1, )
y1
2
1
, )
, )
y+1
+
1
x+2
,
x
3
y+3
2
2
, )
, ) x+y 5 )
, )
, )
,
x2y
y3
2x+1
x+1
1 6
)
) o , ) +
() x = 56, y = 44 7 )
() x = 100
217
24
2 2+1 ,
1 ) ... = 72x3y34, ... = 6x2y2, ) ... =
4 )
3 = 4, = 3
4 )
5 )
(99)=(1100)=(100)
30x2y32, ... = 5, ) ... = 24x2y3(x + y)2(x y), 9 , ) (), )

.. = x(x + y) 2 ) ...=12(x+y)(xy)3, M.K..=2(xy), (), 6 )
) ... = ( 1)( 2)( + 2), ... = 2, 2 + 2 = ( + )2 2, )
) ... = 2( + 1)( 1)2, ... = ( 1).
() 7 ) (xy)(x+y)(x2+2)=0, )
1.9
(xy)2(x+y)=0
3
) =
(x+3)(x1)
1 ) x 4, ) y 5 , ) 1, ) x 0 x 3
8
9
(x+1)(x+3),
(x+3)(x1)
) N ()
10 ) R = 4x2 + 1, ) R = 4x2 + 1 11 ) 2 + = (+1)

1 , ) 1
4
3
4x
2
2
, ), )
3
x
5(+2)
x+4
y1
3
3 )
, )
, )
, () 12 ) x61=(x1)(x5+x4+x3+x2+x+1), x = 7
, ) , ) , )
y
2
x
y+1
x+2
) x5+1=(x+1)(x4x3+x2x+1). 215+1=
3x
1
x+1
y1
1
4 )
, )
,
)
, )
,
)
2x
x+2
y2
+1 =(23)5+1=85+1 x = 8.
x+4
y3
3
4 6
5 )
13 ) .
, )
, ) 2
, )
x+3
2y3
+1
2
y
2 ) 2 , ) , ) , ) , ) 1, ) 1, )
5t + 2t2
=
2t
2t
1.10
2.1. H x + = 0
.
1 )
1
3
4x
, )
, )
,
xy
4y
3
2
1
1
2 ) 4x , )
, ) 2x
, )
3
3
,
2
3 ) 8 , ) 1,
) x = 2, ) , ) , ) x =
2 ) x = 1, ) , ) , ) x = 2
6 4 60 C
23
2
3 O
3y
3
x
3
x, 0x = 0 (T)
y+3 4
x
1
x+1
1
) 3, ) 1, ) , 6 2 .
, ) , )
, )
)
2y3
(x+)
x2
258
1/15/13 4:24 PM
2.2.
4, ) 6, ) 3 3 2 dm 4 50 m 5 5 7 7 5
. 6 22 23 7 16 8 x = 2
9 35 2 10 18 cm, 24cm
11 3 m
12 4 m
.
1
) x = 4 x = 1, ) y = 0 y = 5, ) = 3
= 1 , ) x = 0 x = 7, ) y = 0 y = 6, ) = 1
2
2
( ), 2 ) x = 0 x = 7, ) y = 0 y = 9,
13 6 sec, 180 m.
2.4. K
1 ) x = 5, ) y = 9, ) , ) = 2, ) x
2 ) x = 1
) = 6 = 6, ) , ) = 4 = 4, x3, )
1
x = 3, ) y = 5 y = , ) = 1 = 3, ) = 3
2
) z = 0 z = 3 3 ) x = 0 x = 1, ) x = 0
=
2,
)
,
)
y = 4 3 ) x = 10, ) y
x = 4, ) , ) x = 0 x = 18, ) x = 1 x = 1 ,
5
y2 y1, ) , ) = 1
4 ) x = 1 x = 4 ,
3
4 ) y = 2, ) , ) x=0 x=3, ) = 1
) x = 0 x = 2w
3
3
4
) y = 7 y = 5, ) = 4 = 4 5 ) x = 2 ( 5 ) x = 4 x = 4, ) x = 6 6 ) V = m , ) R= ,
p
4
), ) y = 3 y = 4, ) = 5 = 3, ) t = 2
RR
) S = pl , ) 1 = P1V1T2 , ) R = 1 2 , ) =
,
2
R1+R2
R
3
1
8
P
V
2
2
t = , ) = 1 = , ) z = 1 z =
2
3
5
S
2 2
) 2 =
. 7 ) 4 1 , ) 5, ) 6 8
, ) =
2
2
S
1
4
+
6 ) x = ( ), ) y = 2 y = 2 ( ),
5
8 84 + 9 = 84 , x = 7 9 240 = 240 + 4, x = 10
) 2006 2007 , = 1
x
x3
x
x+2
3 x = 1.
= 2007. 7 ) x = x = , ) x = w
10 12 + 15 = 25, x = 1,2 gr/cm3 11 120 = 120 3,
x
x0,2
x
x2
B.

1 1 : x2 x + 2 = 0, = 1, = 1, = 2. 2 :
3x2 2x = 0, = 3, = 2, = 0. 3 : x2 + 1 = 0,
= 1, = 0, = 1
2 ) x = 1 x = 2, ) y = 1
x = 10 12 210 210 = 1 , 60 km .
x
h
x+10
2
2.5. A

1 3( ) 2( + ) > 0
y = 1 , ) = 2 = 3 , ) z = 1 z = 1 , ) t = 1
4
2
2
5
2 ) 5,
3
( ), ) x = ( ), ) x = 3 ( ), 30, )
2
3
) x = 1 x = 5, ) 3 ) x = 0 x = 7,
18, )
4 ) x = 1 x = 1 , ) y = 1 4
) x = 4 x = 4
3
y = 5, ) = 4 ( ), ) 5 ) x = 2 2 3 ) 0 < 2 < 4, ) 1 < 2 5 <
w
3
x = 8 , ) y = 5 ( ), ) t =1 t = 6 , ) =
3
5
2
5
= 2w
3 6 ) (x 2)(x + 6), ) 3 y 5 (y 1),
3
2
3
2
2
) 2( 1)
, ) (x 8) , ) 9 y +
, ) ( 5)2
2
3
7 ) = (2 1)2 $ 0, ) = ( )2 $ 0
8 = + .
2
2.3.

1 ) x = 10 m, ) x = 7 m, ) x = 4 m, ) x = 6 m 2 )
7, ) 5 > 1 3 > 17
4 ), )
, ) 2 < + , )
+ < 2 5 6
7
> > 8 )
> 1 ,
x > 2 x2
9
N > > 0
10 ) x 3>0 y 2<0,
) xy + 6 2x 3y = (x3)(y2)
11 ) (x 1)2 $ 0. H
259
1/15/13 4:24 PM

x = 1, ) (x y)2 $ 0. : 1, 2 : 2, 3 : 3, ) 24
x = y, ) x2 + (y 1)2 $ 0. , ) 2, ) 90 a, ) 1 :
x = 0 y = 1. 12 ) H (x1)2 $ 0, 6 , 2 :
) (x + 1)2 $ 0
13 126
14 M
6 24 , 3 :
126 a 145 a 15 16,51 < < 19,10 16 ) x > 1, 24 .

) x < 5, ) , ) x < 4, )
x, ) x > 0 17 ) 4 < x < 9, ) x > 2, ) x < 2
18 x = 3.
3.3

1 ) x = 9, y = 4, ) x = 2 , y = 4 , ) x = 3, y = 2,
1 ) x = , ) x = 2 x = 3, y = 5 3 15 16
) x = 1, y = 1 2 ) x = 11, y = 26, ) x = 4 , y = 1 ,
3
3
4 ) x = 2 , ) x = 13
5 x = 2 6 ) x = y = 0, ) 3 ) x = y = 4, ) x = 3,
3
6
y = 2, ) x = 5, y = 4 4 ) x = 0, y = 2, ) x = 3,
(x) : (x 3) 3, 1, 5 7 2 3
y = 3 5 ) = 1, = 1, ) = 2, = 5, ) x = 2,
8 19m 21m 9
y = 1 6 ) x = 1, y = 2, )
, , , x = 9 10
2 , = 2,
, > 0, < 0, = 0 11 )
= 6, )
, )
3 , ==3 7 15 , 8
7 7
() 12 ( + 1)( +
8
(4,
2),
1
2
13
)
2) > 0
+ > , ) 2 3 (3, 5) 3 1
< + + > , ) (8, 10) 9 45 55 10 =5, =1 11 =1, =1
12 = 5, = 7 13 = 20 cm, = 30 cm 14 500
() 14
2 300 5 15 19
>1 >1 15 =5(4)> 0
13 16 35 cm 23 cm 17 = 16, = 24 18 250
16 (1)2+(2)2 + (3)2=0, =1, 150 19 = 20 m/sec = 4 m/sec2 5 sec
=2 =3 17 =(5)2+2(2)2 $ 0,
0 =10 =2 18
= 0,
(x 2020) 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
2001
2003
2005
2007
x = 2020.
20 845 100
1 1 = 1
=2
2 ) = 4 3
) (3, 0), (0, 4),
) = 6 4 ) (2, 2), ) 3 5 )
30
) 15
6 ) = 2, ) = 1
7 ) x + 2y = 4,
) (3, 2), ) (1, 3), ) (0, 0), ) (1, 1), ) ,
8 11 cm 7 cm
9 9 4
10 9 : 50
9 : 300 11 64 12 75 13 32 m 28 m
14
30 15
16 25 m/sec 120 m
15
75 km/h 60 km/h
17 R1 = 4, R2 = 6.
8 2x + 3y = 25, (2, 7), (5, 5), (8, 3) (11, 1).
3.2 H o

1
2 = 5
4 ) x = y = 1, ) x = y = 2
) (x = 1, y = 2) (x = 4, y = 4), ) x = 2
y = 1, ) x = y = 7 6 83 17 7 = 2 = 1
2
3.1 H
1 // 2 // 3
3 =2 = 10
3
1
21 10 2.
2 ) , ) , )
m/sec, 10 m/sec, ) t = 10 sec, = 20 m/sec
3 ) 0
4
4.1 y = x 2 0
1 2 2
4 ) 1
260
1/15/13 4:24 PM
3 y = 1 x2, y = 1 x2
(2
) (
) > 9, ) 9 > 9
4 A 3 , 9 , B 3 , 9
) E
, )
= 0 6 = 2 7 ) , )
, ) , )
= 1 2, = 2, = 22, ) 1
2
, )
(), ) 4 ().

5
4.2 y = x 2 + x +
0
1 ), ) 3 2 )
1, ) 5, ) 7 3 x=1, x= 3
4 y > 0 x
6 10
= 2, ) (1, 0), (2, 0), (0, 2)
, )
.
5.2
1 = {, , , , , } 2 = {, , ,
5 ) , , , , } 3 , , , , , , ,
, , , ,
) = {, , }, )
= 4 7 = 42 + 4 + , = 8 = 9
2
8 ) = 20 (0, 0)
2
(20, 10) , ) 7,5 m (10 , 7,5).
, ) 5 ) = {, , ,
3}, ) 9 = {6, 7, 8, 9}
, , , , , , , , }, ) = {, , ,
, , , , }, = {, , , , , , , ,
}
) < = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9}, ) > = {1,

7 ) {2642, 2672, 2842, 2872,
2942, 2972}, ) = {2672, 2872, 2972}, = {2642, 2672,
2 =0
3 (1, 1), (3, 9) 2842, 2872}.
y = 2 x2
3
4 y = 2x2 8x + 5 5 ) =10x > 0, 5.3
1
) , x=y=5 cm
2 0,5% 3 40
4 () = 7 ,
) 6 , ) 3
13
13
52
20
= 2x220x+100 AB 8 ) () = 15 , ( ) = 13 5 ) 3 , ) 8 , ) 10 , ) 3
20
20
25
25
25 ,
25
= 2 (0, 6), (2, 8) ,
2
2
1
6
11
13 12
) 4 m 9 ) y = x2 + 6 6 8 7 ()= 36 , ()= 36 , ( )= 36 8 25 , 24
(8, 0) , )
1,6 5,76 m.
9 1 25% 10 1 11 1 12 48% 13 12 50%
4
10
14
24
6 E = (6 x)(3 + x), x = 1,5 m
7 = x,
1 ) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8},

={1, 2, 4, 8}, ) < ={0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8}, = {2, 4, 8},
9 = {1, 3, 5, 7}, 9 = {0, 3, 5, 6, 7}, ) i) () = 5 ,
9
1 ) = {5, 5}, ) = {5}, ) = {1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4},
5
3
, iv) ( ) = 6
) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12} 2 # , # , = , = ii) (9) = , iii) ( ) =
9
9
9
3 ={1, 2, 3}. : {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2},
{2, 3}, {1, 3}, , \ 4 = {(0, 4), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (4, 0)}
2 3 , 6
3 ) 1 : 12, 36 - 2 : 18, 14
5 ) = { }, ) = {
12 8
2
}, ) = { 20} ) i) 30 ,
4
ii) 32 ,
iii) 12 ,
iv) 68
80
80
80
80
12
6 ) < = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}, ) > = {2, 4},
5.1
) 9={3, 6}, ) 9={1, 3, 5}
7 ) ={, , , , , },
= {, , , , , }, = {, , , , }, ) < =
3 75% 6 ) 4 , ) 6
4
12
12
2
10
{, , , , , , , }, > = {, , , }, > = {, , }, , , (8) = 5 (7) = 6 .

36
36
8 ) > ,
) > (< ) = {, , , , }
) < ,
261
1/15/13 4:24 PM
9
1.4
1.1
ii) 6 cm
2 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm
2
, ( )
, , ( ) 3
4
, ( )
, ( ) 5
, , ( ) 6 ,
( ) 7 ,
( ) 8
9 )
10 ( )
, 999 ( ), ) ( )
11 , ( ) 12
13 )
, ( )
, 999 ( ), ) (
14 ) , (
)
), ) ( ) 15
16
,
17
,
18
9 , 9
19 )
, 999, ) ( ) 20
, . , .
21 ,
= = 90.
) i) 1,5 cm
A9 = 90, B9 = 9 = 45
99 = 99 = 6 cm,
2 cm
B99 = 6w
) 9(2, 2), 9(4, 4), 9(0, 4).
) 0(3, 1), 0(3, 3), 0(1, 5).

8
1 9
3
9, 9 5
2
1.5

1 9 2 ) x = 4,2 cm, ) x = 50 3 .
4
1 5 )
2
1
, )
4
3
, 6 120 m, 1: 4000.
4
1.2
1

v) 1
3
) i) 2 , ii) 2, iii) 5 , iv) 3 ,

5
6
2
w
5
w
5
3 ) 2, )
, )
2
5
3
4
3
4 )
, ) , )
5
5
4
1 ) x = 6cm, ) x = 6cm, ) x = 3cm
2 A = 6 cm
3 ) = , )
5 x = 4
6 21 m
7 x = 10cm
4 = 48 m
8 1,70 m.
1.6
1
9
25
2 50 cm2
3 25
4 ) 1 , ) 1
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
5
6 ) 16 ,
=
=
3
3
9
, )
=
= 2 7 - ) 16 7 )
25
,
2
()
8 ) 57,6 cm2,
1 , )
= 1
. 8
2
2
()
2
. ) 22,5 cm 9 69% 10 36%.
5
w
3
2
( )
( )
( )
1.3
=7 2 =3,2, =4,8 3 x=12 4 O=15,
= 12 5 x = 7,5 6 = 15, = 9 7 x = 10,8, y = 6
1

8
=
= 62 =31

1
2 ) ,
) = 3
262
1/15/13 4:24 PM

, 999 5
cm
6 6w
2 cm
2.3

) = 9,6 cm OE = 12,8
7 36 cm2
8 ) 2, ) 10 cm
9 1 cm
10 ) ,
) (Z)=( )( )( )( ).
2w
2
12
5
2 =
2
, = 2w
, =
3
13
12
3 = 3 , = 4
4 =0
5
5
5
) , ) 2 6 ), )
1 =
x, y
7 ) 2
1 , )
2
2.1 T
0 # # 180
1 ) = 4 , = 3 , = 4 , ) = 12 ,
8 ), )
2
9 ) 2x = 2x , )
x
x x 10 )
x
2x = 1 2x = (1 x)(1 + x), ) -
5
5
3
13
5
12
= , = , ) = 1, = 0,
13
5
x
2w
5
w
5
11 ) 1, ) 2
12 )
2 ) 2, ) =
, =
, = 2 x = x
5
5
w
3 70= 70 70 + 110 = 180,
3 (5w
4 ) (1, w
,
3, 5)
3), ) 120=
70
2
40
5 ) ) 40= 40 40 + 140 = 180
120= 1 , 120= w
3
2
13
x9x = 1, ) 150= 1 ,
2 = 30 = 60.
2
2w
3 2
w
3
w
3 6
: +1 +
=1
150=
) 3 , ) = 3 ,
, 150=

+3
+3
2
3
4
5
90
=1 = 150.
= 4 7 1(10, 7) 2(20, 18),
5
2.4
) (
12 = 7.
2.2 T
1 ) 2w
2, ) 5w
6, ) 4w
6 2 ) 90, ) 30, ) 90
3 ) A = 45 = 105 A = 135 = 15,
4
) = 45 A = 75
w
3
1
3,
, 120= , 120= w
2
2
5 448 m 6
= w
3
w
2
w
2
7 F1 6,44 N F2 5,27 N
8 29,06 m
9 ) 5,
) 135=
, 135=
, 135= 1,
2
2
) 120, ) 2, ) x = 90 10 = = 3 11 10w
3 cm
1
w
3
w
3
, 150=
) 150= , 150=
12 = w
13, = w
37 13 .
2
2
3
2 ) 108+72=180 77+103 =180, . T
157,19 m 14 126.
) 122+ 58 = 180 3 ), )
1 ) 120=
5 ) 45 135, ) 30
150, ) 30, ) 120, ) 120, ) 45 6

A + = 180
7 ), )
8 = 4 , = 3 , = 4
5
5
3
, 9
3w
21
w
7
3 ,
, =
, = 3w
14
14
.
, =
1 ) , )
1 2 = 5
13
= 15 3 = . = 10w
6 cm.
4 ) ) ,
) = 5 ) A = 120,
() = 60w
3 m2 6 )
, ) ( + ) = ( ) = 1 7 )
, ), ), )
8 =
6, = 5, = 4 = 5, = 6, = 4 9 65 m.
263
1/15/13 4:24 PM
. 3966/2011 ,
, , .. ..
-
.
,

.

7 1129 15/21
1946 ( 1946, 108, ).

(copyright), ,

, / .
1/15/13 4:24 PM

21-0143 - Mathimatika (G Gymnasioy) BM

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9

9 ... / II / 2.2.1. / 2.2.1.:

(+5) ? (+7) = +35

) 3(2 5x) = ........

) x2 ? (x ? y2)3 : (x2 ? y3)2

2 A x3 ? y2 = 3, = x2 ? (x2 ? y3)2 ? (x1)3.

A = (2)2 ? (3) + 2 ? 32 52 ? (2) : 5 6 B = (2 ? 5 32) + 2 ? (23 4) 12 : (3)

= (2)2 ? (3) + 2 ? 32 52 ? (2) : 5 6 =

) (x2)3 ? 5x4 ) (xy3)2 ? x3y

= 3 ? (2)2 + 4 (7)0 ? 2 8 ? (21 1) 2 ? 32 = ( 4)2 : 2 5 (3) ? 22 (2)4

145 ? 107 + 212 ? 143

T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,

) 4x2 6x2 + x2 ) 6x3

) 0,25 0,35 + 0,5 )

3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

3 (x) = x2 3x + 4, Q(x) = P(2x) P(x).

) 7 3x 2x2 ) 3x2 5x 3x2 + 10

5 T (x), B(x) (x) 2, 3 2 .

) P(x) = 3x 5x2 + x4 + 10 + 2x3 ) Q(x) = 6x + 2x3 + 1

2 = 2xy2 + y3 + 2x3 xy2.

) (2x2 x) (x3 5x2 + x 1) ) 3x2y (2xy yx2) + (3xy y3)

) (0,4x3 + 2,3x2) + (3,6x3 0,3x2 + 4)

6 A (x) = 2x3 x2 + x 4, B(x) = 3x3 + 5x 2 (x) = 4x2 3x + 8,

) (x) fA(x) + B(x)g

) (... ..... 4x ... .....) + (x2 ... ..... + 4) = 6x2 8x + 7

9 A P(x) = (5x2 + 4x 3) (x2 2x + 1) + (3x2 + x) Q(x) = x2 + x + ,

) (2x2 5x + 6)(x 2) = 2x3 4x2 5x2 + 10x + 6x 12 = 2x3 9x2 + 16x 12

) x(2x + .....) = ..... + 4x ) 3x2(..... 2) = 3x 3y .....

(x) = 2x2 + 5x 3 Q(x) = 4x 5, :

1. 3x = 12, x + y = 7, 4 = 3 + , x(x + 2) = x2 + 2x,

(2x + 3y)2 = (2x)2 + 2 ? 2x ? 3y + (3y)2 = 4x2 + 12xy + 9y2

(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) = (x 2)(x2 + 2x + 22) = x3 23 = x3 8

) (2x 3)2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1)

) (x 2y)3 (x y)(x2 + xy + y2).

) (2x 3)2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1) = f(2x)2 2 ? 2x ? 3 + 32g 2f(3x)2 12g =

7 (2 + 2)(x 2 + y 2) = (x + y)2 + (y x)2

) (x y)3 = x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3

iv) T (5 x)(52 + 5x + x2) :

) (x + 2)2 ) (y + 5)2 ) (2 + 1)2 ) ( + 2)2

) (x 3)2 ) (y 5)2 ) (3 1)2 ) (2 )2

) (x ... .....)2 = ..... + ..... + 9

) ( ..... ... 4)2 = y2 ..... ... .....

) (x + 1)3 ) (y + 4)3 ) (2 + 1)3 ) (3 + 2)3

7 (x) = (x 3)2 + (3x + 1)2 10(x 1)(x + 1)

) (x 4)2 + (2x + 5)2 ) (x2 1)2 (x2 3)(x2 + 3)

) (x 2y)2 (2x y)2 + 3x2 = 3y2

) 3x2 + 5xy + 2y2

) 83 3 = (2)3 3 = (2 )(2)2 + 2 + 2 = (2 )(42 + 2 + 2)

) 786 45 + 786 55 = 786(45 + 55) = 786 100 = 78600

) 5x 2 y + 10x 2 + 5xy + 10x ) x 4 16y 4

) 3x2 y 12y 3 = 3y(x2 4y2 ) = 3y x2 (2y)2 = 3y(x 2y)(x + 2y)

) 5x2 y + 10x2 + 5xy + 10x = 5x(xy + 2x + y + 2) = 5x y(x + 1) + 2(x + 1) =

) x 4 16y 4 =(x2)2 (4y2 )2 = (x2 + 4y2)(x2 4y2 ) = (x2 + 4y2) x2 (2y)2 =

) (x + y) + (x + y) ) (3x 1)(x 2) (x + 4)(x 2)

) 72 + 10 + 32 ) 5x2 8xy + 3y 2 ) 3x2 xy 2y 2

) 2x2 32 ) 28 7y2 ) 2x3 2x ) 5x2 80

) x3 ..... = (x 3)(..... + ..... + 9) ) ..... + y3 = (2x + y)(4x2 ..... + .....)

) 8012 + 199 801 ) 9982 4

) x2y2 4y2 x2 + 4 ) x4 1 + x3 x ) x3(x2 1) + 1 x2

, (x) () (x) () (x)0

(8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5) : (2x2 + 3x 1), :

) 6x2 + ..... + ..... ..... + 2 ) ..... + ..... + 2x + 20 x + .....