07.

qxp

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. x + = 0
1 .
 x + = 0
.

x + = 0

0 , , x = .

0,
= 0
= 0, ,
x

:
) 2(x 3) 5 = 5x + 2
) 3(2 x) + x = 5 2x
) 5(2 3x) 2(1 x) = 8 13x

) :
2(x 3) 5 = 5x + 2 2x 6 5 = 5x + 2
2x 5x = 6 + 5 + 2 3x = 13 x =

13
3

x =

13
.
3

157

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) :
3(2 x) + x = 5 2x 6 3x + x = 5 2x
3x + x + 2x = 5 6 0x = 1, .
) :
5(2 3x) 2(1 x) = 8 13x
10 15x 2 + 2x = 8 13x
15x + 2x + 13x = 10 + 2 + 8 0x = 0,
.

x + = 0
x + = 0 , ,
.

 \,
(2 4)x + 2 = 0.

:
(2 4)x + 2 = 0 (2 4)x = 2
( 2)( + 2)x = + 2.
:
2 2, :
x=

+2
1
=
.
( 2)( + 2) 2

= 2, 0x = 4 .
= 2, 0x = 0 .

, (2 3)x = 3
.

158

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(, ). :
2

3 = 0 ( 3) = 0 = 0 = 3

= 3
= 3
3 = 0

, = 3.

1
, 1 ,
1 .

I. , ( ),
1 ,
= 0, = 0 = 0 = 0.

:
)

3
2
x 4
= + 2
x + 2 x x + 2x

) x3 + 18 = 2x2 + 9x

) x 0 x 2 x2 + x = x(x + 2).
:
x(x + 2)

3
2
x 4
= x(x + 2) + x(x + 2)

x+2
x
x(x + 2)

3x = 2(x + 2) + x 4 3x = 2x + 4 + x 4
3x 2x x = 4 4 0x = 0, .
x  \ , x 0 x 2.

159

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) :
x3 + 18 = 2x2 + 9x x3 + 18 2x2 9x = 0
x2(x 2) 9(x 2) = 0 (x 2)(x2 9) = 0
(x 2)(x 3)(x + 3) = 0 x 2 = 0 x 3 = 0 x + 3 = 0
x = 2 x = 3 x = 3

II. A f(x) = g(x) , , x = x = x = , f(x) = g(x)

f(x) = g(x).

:
) 3x 5 = 3 2x

) x 1 = 3

) 3x 5 = 3 2x 3x 5 = 3 2x 3x 5 = (3 2x).
:
3x 5 = 3 2x 3x + 2x = 3 + 5 5x = 8 x =

8
8
x=
5
5

3x 5 = (3 2x) 3x 5 = 3 + 2x 3x 2x = 3 + 5 x = 2
E ,

4
2.
5

) :
x 1 = 3 x 1 = 4 x 1 = 3

:
x 1 = 3 x = 4 x = 4 x = 4
x 1 = 3 x = 3 + 1 x = 2
x 0 x  \ .
, 4 4.

160

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. f(x) = g(x)
g(x) 0 1 ,
f(x) = g(x) f(x) = g(x).

3x 5 = 4x 1.

4x 1 0 x

1
(1).
4

:
3x 5 = 4x 1 3x 5 = 4x 1 3x 5 = 4x + 1

3x 4x = 5 1 3x + 4x = 5 + 1
x = 4 7x = 6
x = 4 x =

6
7

A x =

6
,
7

(1).

I:

9x 2 30x + 25 = 4x 1 ,

9x2 30x + 25 = (3x 5)2, :

(3x 5)2 = 4x 1 3x 5 = 4x 1,

V. f(x) + g(x) = , > 0

V
x
.

161

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x + 1 + x 2 = 3 (1).

1
x = 1 x = 2, :

:
x 1 , x + 1 + x 2 = x 1 x + 2 , (1) :
x 1 x + 2 = 3 2x = 2 x = 1, .
1 < x < 2, (1) :
x + 1 x + 2 = 3 0x = 0, ,
x (1, 2).
x 2, (1) :
x + 1 + x 2 = 3 2x = 4 x = 2, .
(1) x [1, 2].
2 ()
x + 1 d(x, 1),
x 2 d(x, 2)
d(1, 2) = 3, d(1, x) + d(x, 2) = 3 = d(1, 2).
x [1, 2].

1.1. x = ;

, , 162

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. ,
x = . ,
, :
(2x 1)(3x + 1) (x 2) = 0,
:
2x 1 = 0 3x + 1 = 0 x 2 = 0. :
x=

1
1
x=
3
2

x = 2.

1.2. M x + = 0 ;

x1 , x2 x1 x2 .
.
: x1 + = 0 x2 + = 0.
:
(x1 + ) (x2 + ) = 0 x1 + x2 = 0
(x1 x2) = 0 = 0, x1 x2 0.
= 0 = 0.
, , .
, .
x + = 0 .

1.3. x+ = 0;

()
().

1.4. (x 2)(2x + 3) = (x 2)(x + 1).

, x 2.

163

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.
:
(x 2)(2x + 3) = (x 2)(x + 1) (x 2)(2x + 3) (x 2)(x + 1) = 0
(x 2)(2x + 3) (x + 1) = 0 (x 2)(x + 2) = 0 x = 2 x = 2.

1.5. N :
)

1x
2x 1

2 = x+1
3

) (5 + 3x)2 (2 x)2 = 0

) x3 6x2 + 9x = 0
) (x + 1)2 + x2 1 = 0

) x(x2 1) x3 + x2 = 0

2x 1
1x
2x 1
1x

=x+16
6
= 6x + 6
3
2
3
2
2(2x 1) 3(1 x) = 6x + 6 4x 2 3 + 3x = 6x + 6
4x + 3x + 6x = 2 + 3 + 6 13x = 11
11
x = 13 , .

) x3 6x2 + 9x = 0 x(x2 6x + 9) = 0 x(x 3)2 = 0

x = 0 (x 3)2 = 0 x = 0 x = 3, .
) (5 + 3x)2 (2 x)2 = 0
(5 + 3x) (2 x)  (5 + 3x) + (2 x) = 0
(5 + 3x 2 + x)(5 + 3x + 2 x) = 0
(4x + 3)(2x + 7) = 0 4x + 3 = 0 2x + 7 = 0
3
7
x= 4 x= 2 .
) (x + 1)2 + x2 1 = 0 (x + 1)2 + (x + 1)(x 1) = 0
(x + 1) (x + 1) + (x 1) = 0 (x + 1)(x + 1 + x 1) = 0
(x + 1)  2x = 0 x + 1 = 0 2x = 0 x = 1 x = 0.

164

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) x(x2 1) x3 + x2 = 0 x(x 1)(x + 1) x2(x 1) = 0

(x 1) x(x + 1) x2 = 0 (x 1)(x2 + x x2) = 0
(x 1)  x = 0 x 1 = 0 x = 0 x = 1

x = 0.

1.6. N :
)

2x
1
= 2
x+2
x 4

8
x2
4

2
=0
x
2x
x 2x

) E:

2x
1
=
(x 2)(x + 2)
x+2

EK = (x 2)(x + 2), : x 2 x 2.
:
(x 2)(x + 2) 

1
2x
= (x 2)(x + 2)

x+2
(x 2)(x + 2)

x 2 = 2x x = 2, , x 2.
) H :

x2
4
8
+

= 0.
x
x2
x(x 2)

= x(x 2), : x(x 2) 0 x 0 x 2.

x(x 2) :
x(x 2)

x2
4
8
x (x 2)
+ x(x 2)
=0
x
x2
x(x 2)

(x 2)2 + 4x 8 = 0 (x 2)2 + 4(x 2) = 0

(x 2)(x 2 + 4) = 0 (x 2)(x + 2) = 0
x 2 = 0 x + 2 = 0 x = 2 x = 2.
x = 2.

1.7. N :
) ( + 2)x = 2 4
) 2x 2 = 3(x 3)
) (x 1) = x + 2 5 (, )

165

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 x = . :
+ 2 0 2, :
( + 2)( 2)
2 4
x=
x=
x = 2, .
+2
+2
+ 2 = 0 = 2, 0  x = 0,
, x  .

2x 2 = 3x 9 2x 3x = 2 9
( 3)x = ( + 3)( 3)

(1)

( 3) 0 0 3, (1) :
x=

( + 3)( 3)
+3
x=
, .
( 3)

( 3) = 0 = 0 = 3:
 = 0 (1): 0  x = 9, .
 = 3 (1) : 0  x = 0, .
)

: x = x + 2 5 x x = + 2 5
( 1)x = + 2 5 (2)
1 0 1, (2) :
x=

+ 2 5
, .
1

1 = 0 = 1, (2) : 0  x = 1 + 2 5
0  x = 2 4.
 2 4 0, 2, .
 = 2, 0  x = 0, .

1.8. N 3x 2 = 6x 4
, .

: 3x 6x = 2 4 3( 2)x = 2( 2)

166

(1)

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2 0, 2, : x =

2( 2)
2
x= 3 ,
3(2)

.
2 = 0, = 2, (1) :
0  x = 0, . (1) .
, , (1) .

1.9. N :

x4
x8
3x 7
x5
+
=
+
x6
x 10
x9
x7

(1)

x 6, x 7, x 9, x 10.
H (1) :

x4
x5
x7
x8

x6
x7
x9
x 10

( )

(x 4)(x 7) (x 5)(x 6)
(x 7)(x 10) (x 8)(x 9)
=

(x 6)(x 7)
(x 9)(x 10)

2
2
=
(x 6)(x 7)
(x 9)(x 10)

(x 9)(x 10) = (x 6)(x 7)

x2 19x + 90 = x2 13x + 42 x = 8, .

1.10. 2x(x + 1) + 5 6 = 2(x2 + 1) + 4x,  \.

, :
) .
) .
) 2.
) x =

1
.
4

: 2x2 + 2x + 5 6 = 2x2 + 2 + 4x
2x 4x = 2 5 + 6 (2 4)x = ( 2)( 3)
( 2)( + 2)x = ( 2)( 3) (1).

167

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(1) , , :
( 2)( + 2) = 0
=2

( 2)( 3) 0
2

= 2

= 2.
3

= 2 (0  x = 20).
)

, :
= 2 = 2
= 2.
= 3 = 3

2, x = 2 (1), :
( 2)( + 2)  2 = ( 2)( 3) ( 2)2( + 2) ( 3) = 0
( 2)(2 + 4 + 3) = 0 ( 2)( + 7) = 0
= 2 = 7.

1
x = 4 , 2 0 2,
x =

3
. :
+2

1
3
4 =
2 = 4 12 5 = 10 = 2,
+2
, 2. (1)
1
x = 4 .

1.11. 15. ,
27. .

x . T
15 x. O :
= (15 x)  10 + x

168

(1).

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Page 169

, :
= 10  x + (15 x) 27

(2).

A (1) (2) :
10  x + 15 x 27 = (15 x)  10 + x
162
10x x 12 = 150 10x + x 18x = 162 x = 18 = 9.
69.
: E 6 + 9 = 15 96 69 = 27.

1.12. 8
, S = 720 km. 1 + 2 = 180 km/h, .

x . T:
() = 1  x () = 2  x. : () + () = 1  x + 2  x
S = (1 + 2)  x
x =

S
x= + .
1
2

720
= 4 h. ,
180

. 12 .

1.13. :
) = 0 +  t .
)

P 1V 1
P 2V 2
=
( Boyle Mariotte) 1 .
1 + 1
1 + 2

) E =

( 1 + 2 ) 
( ) 2 .
2

) 0 =  t =

0
.
t

169

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I:

.
) : (1 + 1)  P2V2 = P1V1  (1 + 2)
1 + 1=
1 =

P 1V 1
P 2V 2

 (1 + 2) 1 =

P 1 V 1 +P 1 V 1 2 P 2 V 2
P 2V 2 

P 1V 1
P 2V 2

 (1 + 2) 1

) : 2 = (1 + 2)  1 + 2 =

2
2
2 = 1.

1.14. 44 14.
.

x
. 44 + x 14 + x .
:
2  (14 + x) = 44 + x 28 + 2x = 44 + x
2x x = 44 28 x = 16.
, 16 ,
. , 60 30 .

,

32 8 cm2.

1.15. x

x
A

x
B

T : = 4x, A = 2x,
: =  = 4x  2x = 8x2.
T x2. :
8x2 2x2 = 32 8 2x2(4 ) 32 + 8 = 0
2x2(4 ) 8(4 ) = 0 2(x2 4)(4 ) = 0, (4 0), :
170

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x2 4 = 0 (x 2)(x + 2) = 0
x=2

x = 2, , x > 1.

, x = 2 cm.

1.16. :
) 6x 3 2 2x 1 = 4

x + 4
2 x + 3
3 x + 1

=
3
2
2

) E: 6x 3 2 2x 1 = 4 3(2x 1) 2 2x 1 = 4
3 2x 1 2 2x 1 = 4 2x 1 = 4.
:

2x 1 = 4 2x 1 = 4.

2x = 5 2x = 3.
3
5
x=
x= .
2
2

) = 6 :
6

x + 4
2 x + 3
3 x + 1
6
=6

3
2
2

2  (2 x + 3) 3(3 x + 1) = 3( x + 4)
4 x + 6 9 x 3 = 3 x + 12

9
,
4 x 9 x 3 x = 12 6 + 3 8 x = 9 x =
8
, x  0.

1.17.

x 2 1
2 x 2 1
1
.
=
+
2
2
3

x 2 = y  0 :
2y 1
y1
(2y 1)
(y 1)
1
1
6
=6
+6

=
+
2
3
3
3
2
2
2(2y 1) = 3 + 3(y 1) 4y 2 = 3 + 3y 3
4y 3y = 2 y = 2 x 2 = 2.
: x 2 = 2 x 2 = 2, x = 4 x = 0.

171

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1.18. :
) x x +2x = 2

) 1 2x 3 x 1 1 = 0

) : 1 2x = 2x 1 , :
2x 1 3 x 1 1 = 0

(1). O x

1
: x = 2 , x = 1.
(E
1 2x = 2x 1 .)

.
A x <

1
, (1) :
2

2x 1

x1

1
2
0

1
+

(2x 1) + 3(x 1) 1 = 0 2x + 1 + 3x 3 1 = 0 x = 3,
, x <
A

1
.
2

1
 x < 1, :
2

2x 1 + 3(x 1) 1 = 0 x = 1, .
A x  1, :
2x 1 3(x 1) 1 = 0 x = 1, .
x = 1.
) x  x , x x = x + x , :

x + x +2x = 2 x + x = 2.
A x  0, x + x = 2 x = 1, .
A x < 0, 0  x = 2, .
x = 1.

172

+
+

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Page 173

() ()
() () :

1.19. x + = 0 , x = .

1.20. 3 5x 15 = 1.

1.21. H 2x + x = 3x + 5 .

1.22. 2(x 1) x = x 2 .

1.24. ( + 2)x = ( + 2) x = .

1.25. 0 ( 1)x = 2 + 1.

1.26.  \ 2x = 5 9x .

1.29. 2x + 1 = 2 .

1.30. x + 3 = 2 .

1.31. 2x 2 + x 1 = 0 .

1.32. ( x 1)( x + 2) = 0 .

1.33. H x = 1 x .

1.23. ( + 1)x + + 1 = 0
 \ .

1.27.  \ (x ) = x 2
.

1.28. ( + 2)(1 2)x = 42 1 ,

=

1
.
2

1.34. (2 4)x = + 2 (1). A = 2, (1)

2015.

1.35. x 2 4x + 4 = x 2 + 1 .

173

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1.36. ( + 3)x = 2 9, .
.

1.37. (2 1)x = 2 4 + 3 ,
( + 1)x = 2 1 .

1.38. (x + y 2) + x y = 0, ,
, x = y = 1.

1.39. N :
) 3(1 2x) 4(2 x) = 4 x

x
1x

=x
3
2

1.40. N :
)

2x + 3
x+1
+
=x
4
2

) 3(x + 1) + x = 4(x 1) + 1

) x2 + 10 + 7x = (x + 2)(x + 5)

1.41. N :
) 9x2 25 (3x + 5)2 6x + 10 = 0
) 3x3 3x2 6x = 0
x (9x 1)
x (x 3)2
x3
)
+
=
3
2
2

1.42. N :
) 5x 5x3 = 7(1 x2)

) 5(x2 2x + 1) = 4(x2 1)

) (x 3)(2x + 1)2 (x2 9)(x + 3) = 0

1.43. N :
) 3(x2 4)(x 1) = (x2 1)(x 2)
) (3x + 5)2 (9x2 25) + 6x + 10 = 0

174

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1.44. :
) x 3 = 4
) x + 1 = x

) 3x + 8 = 23
) 3x 2 = 1

1.45. :
) 3x + x = 8
) x 1 + x2 x = 0

) x + 4 = 3 x + 1
) x2 + 1 + 3 x = 5 + x2

1.46. :
)

x + 2
1 x
2 x 3

=
2
2
4

2 x 3
+
3

4x

3 x 1
5 x 3
=
3
2

1 2x
2
+
2
3

= 6x 3 +

11
6

1.47. N :
) 1 x = 3x 5
)

9x 2 + 6x + 1 = 5x + 3

) 2x + 3 3 2x = 16
) x 2 4x + 2 = 2

1.48. N :
)

x1
x2
=
3x 6
3x + 1

8
x2 + 4
5=
x2
x2

1
x
= 2
x1
x x

1.49. N :

175

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2x + 1
1
1
+
= 2
x+1
x1
x 1

3x
2
1

=
x2
x+1
x2 x 2

1
2x + 1
x

= 2
2
x
x x
x 2x + 1

x2 3x 12
1
1

+
=0
3x
x+3
x2 9

1
x+ 3

3
x 3

1.50.

9
x2 3

5
.
18

1
.
2

1.51. 50 14. ;

1.52. 182 cm2. .

1.53. 1966 m , 20 sec

. .

1.54. 204 ,
, 7 12.

1.55. 65%
20% . ()
, 100 47% ;

1.56. :
) F = m

2
R.
R

) = 0(1+ ) .

176

) E = + 2 .

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Page 177

1.57. ( 1)x = + 2. , :
) .
) .
) .

1.58. x + 6 = 2x + 3:
) x .
) x.

1.59. 4 ,
2
3

6
. .

1.60. 11. ,
27. .

1.61. 6 . 10 .
;

1.62. 12 ( ) ;

1.63. x 7 + x 15 = x 9 + x 13 .
x9

x 17

x 11

x 15

1.64. :
) 2( + 1)x 5 = 3x 2(1 + )
) (2 4)x = 2 + 2

1.65.

2( x1)
5
+
= 2x + 3.
2
2

1.66. :
) 2(x 1) + 6x + 2 = (5x 1)
) 2(x 1) 4(4x + 1) = 5
) ( 3)(x 1) = 3 4 2x

177

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Page 178

1.67. :
( )x = 2 ( + )x (, ).

1.68. x 3 = 3 x, , 0.
1.69. 2x + 4 = 2(1 + x).
, :
) .
) x = 2.
) 1.

1.70.

x +
x2
 \.
= 2
x
x 2

1.71. x
1.72.

2
1
= 2 (4x + 1), ( 0).
3

(x 2)4 + x 2 = 0.

1.73. x < 3, :
= x 3 + 2 x 4 x + 3
= 13.

1.74. x 1 + x 2 = 1:
)

1.75. x x + 2 x + x = x + 5.

1. 2x + 5 = 25x + ,  \.
) = 1, = 5, = 5.
) ;
)
;
)
;
178

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Page 179

1
. N

5
4
2x + 3
= 2
.
x+3 x
x + 3x

. N

x x
= 2 , , 0.
2

2
N :
i)
iii)

x 4 = 7

ii)

x +2 x 2 = 5

iv)

2 x +1 = x + 5
x 2
x +3

1
6

3
N :
i)

x 3 x +1 = 2 x +1 x 4

ii)

x x = 2 1,  \.

4
. N x 1 = x 2
.
. N 5x 6 + 5 = 6x.

179

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