Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6

i hc Nng - 2008

THIT K M HNH WETLAND NHN TO NNG CAO HIU SUT X L NHIM TI CC H TH

DESIGN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND TO IMPROVE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT IN SOME URBAN LAKES. SVTH: H TH KIM THANH
Lp : 04CSM, Khoa Sinh- Mi trng.

GVHD: Th.S ON THANH PHNG

Khoa Sinh- Mi trng.
TM TT Nghin cu tp trung vo vic thit k wetland nhn to gii quyt vn nhim ti cc h th (ch yu do ph dng) t hiu sut x l cao v thn thin vi mi trng. H cng vin 29/3 p dng m hnh ny kt hp vi trng cy chui hoa (canna indica Bail) trong h hiu kh tng hiu qu x l v to cnh quan cho h. ABSTRACT Research focuses on designing constructed wetland to resolve pollution issues in urban lakes (essentially due to eutrophication) with high treatment efficiency and friendly to environment. 29 Mar Park Lake is designed basing on above model which is combined with canna indica Bail in aerobic pond that improves treatment efficiency and makes a nice view.

1. M u: Ao h l ti sn v gi ca cc thnh ph trn th gii. H th ni chung v h Cng vin 29/3 ni ring khng ch l thng cnh, l di tch lch s mang li nhiu gi tr tinh thn cho ngi dn sng trong khu vc ni th m cn c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic iu tit nc ma, iu ha kh hu, cha v lm sch nc thi. Tuy nhin hin nay cc h th u b nhim ch yu do ph dng[2]. Mt khc, cng vi th ha, cc h b thu hp din tch ly mt bng xy dng, do nhng chc nng trn b suy gim, nh hng ln n kinh t, cnh quan mi trng sinh thi ca cc thnh ph. Vic nh gi, kim sot cht lng nc h th c bit l tnh trng ph dng trn c s xut cc phng n x l l mt trong nhng cng tc cn thit duy tr chc nng ca h th v nhn mnh tm quan trng trong pht trin xy dng th, trnh c hin trng san lp h ly mt bng v h b nhim. Wetland nhn to c nghin cu v ng dng rng ri trong lnh vc x l nc thi cc nc trn th gii nh mt gii php thn thin vi mi trng bng cng ngh sinh thi, t hiu sut cao, chi ph thp v n nh. Ti Vit Nam, phng php x l nc thi bng wetland nhn to cn kh mi m, cha c p dng ph bin. Xut pht t c s trn chng ti chn ti: Thit k m hnh wetland nhn to nng cao hiu qu x l nhim ti cc h th. 2. i tng v phng php nghin cu 2.1 i tng nghin cu: H Cng vin 29/3, phng Thc Gin, qun Thanh Kh, thnh ph Nng 2.2. Phng php nghin cu - Phng php thng k, hi cu s liu - Phng php ly mu v phn tch mu

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Bng 3.1: Cc ch tiu v phng php phn tch mt s ch tiu nh gi cht lng nc h Cng vin 29/3 Ch tiu pH, DO SS, TDS COD BOD NO3PO43N tng Cd Zn Phng php phn tch Winkler Phng php trng lng Da vo KMnO4 Phng php pha long mu nc v lm bo ha oxy ha tan Xc nh bng Natrixalixilat Thuc th Sunpho Molypdic Da vo chun H2SO4 tiu tn trong nh phn (NH4)2B4O7 Thuc th difenylthiocacbazon Thuc th dithizon

- Phng php thit k wetland nhn to 2.3. Quy trnh nghin cu Bc 1: Xc nh mc ch i tng nghin cu. Bc 2: Ly mu v phn tch mu nc mt h Cng vin 29/3. Bc 3: Phn tch s liu. Bc 4: Tham kho mt s m hnh wetland nhn to ph hp vi h Cng vin 29/3. Bc 5: Thit k m hnh wetland nhn to nhm ti u ha vic x l nhim. Bc 6: Tnh hiu sut x l 3. Kt qu v tho lun 3.1. Kt qu kho st cht lng nc h Cng vin 29/3 qua 2 ma Cht lng nc hai ma dao ng ng k, cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng nc vo ma kit (thng 8) cao hn so vi ma ma. Cc ch tiu ha hc (BOD, COD) vt qu tiu chun gii hn cho php. Vo ma ma lng nc h c pha long v i lu ca h ln nn kh nng tip nhn ca h ln, cht lng nc sch hn.
SS(mg/l)

mg/l 140
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1/8/2007 27/10/08 23/1/08

DO BOD5(mg/l) COD(mg/l) PO43- (mg/l) NH4+ NO3TN TP Pb Zn Cd thi gian

Biu 3.1: Kt qu phn tch mt s ch s nh gi cht lng ngun nc mt h Cng vin 29/3 qua 3 t
BOD5

12 10 8 7.1
mg/l

9.98 8 6.2 2.9 2.6

70 60 mg/l 50 40 30 20 10 0 08/01/2007 27/10/08 23/1/08 TCVN

6 4 2 0 1/8/2007 27/10 N tng P tng 23/1/08 thi gian

Biu 3.2: Kt qu phn tch BOD qua 3 t

so snh vi TCVN ct B

Biu 3.3: Kt qu phn tch N tng,

P tng qua 3 t so snh vi TCVN ct B
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Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6

i hc Nng - 2008

- BOD ma kh cao hn ma ma 4.11 ln v cao hn TCVN chng t lng cht hu c c

kh nng phn hy sinh hc trong nc ln, nc c mc nhim cao. - Nito v Photpho l hai ngun dinh dng quan trng cho cc sinh vt thy sinh. Vi nng xut hin trong h chng l mi trng tt cho s pht trin ca to, gy ra ph dng h. 3.2. Ci to h Cng vin 29/3 da trn m hnh wetland nhn to 3.2.1. Thit k h thng thot nc Thit k h thng thot nc hai mng knh ring bit: - H thng thot nc thi sinh hot - H thng thot nc ma chy trn 3.2.3. Thit k wetland nhn to da trn vic ci to h Cng vin 29/3. Bng 3.2: Thng s thit k ci to h cng vin 29/3 da trn m hnh wetland nhn to Phn 1: h k kh Ma kit Ma ma 0.8 4 5 32000 40000 Phn 2: h ty nghi Ma kit Ma ma 2,2 1 1.5 22000 33000 180x128x1 180x128x1.5 Phn 2: h hiu kh Ma kit Ma ma 8 0.5 0.7 40000 56000 339x175x0.3 339x175x0.5

Din tch (ha) su Th tch b(m3) Kch thc b(m) 110x67x4 110x67x5 di*rng*cao Cng trnh ph p trn

p trn

Di chui hoa Vi phun nc

0.7m 0.5m

a: ma ma - b: ma kit
Hnh 3.1: Mt ct dc cc h sinh hc (h k kh, h ty nghi, h hiu kh)

GHI CH L: 0.4-0.5 m w: 0.2-0.4 m h: 0.3-0.4

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Hnh 3.2: Kch thc p trn

Lp nc 3050cm Lp 40cm ct

Lp si 60cm

Hnh 3.3: H cng vin 29/3 thit k da trn m hnh wetland nhn to
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GHI CH 1: cng nc thi tp trung 2: p trn 3. di thc vt : ng i ca dng nc : vi phun nc : dng nc thi ra ngun tip nhn.

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6

i hc Nng - 2008

3.2.Tnh ton hiu sut x l nc qua h thng h sinh hc:

Bng 3.3: Nng cc cht dinh dng gim khi qua h thng h sinh hc
nng vo h TN (Nito tng) Ma kit Ma ma Ma kit Ma ma 7.4 13 3.62 10.08
TN
14 12 10 13 12 10 7.4 4.7 2.5 1.9 2 0 ma kit nng vo h K kh H ty nghi ma ma H hiu kh ma kit nng vo h K kh H ty nghi ma ma H hiu kh 8.2

H k kh

H ty nghi

H hiu kh Khng trng chui hoa 2.3 4 0.98 2.74

TP
10.08

C trng chui hoa

4.7 8.2 2 5.6

2.5 4.3 1.4 3.92

1.9 3.2 0.7 1.9

TP (Photpho tng)

mg/l

8 6 4 2 0

mg/l
4.3 3.2

8 5.6 6 4 3.62 2 1.4 0.7 3.92 1.9

mg/l

mg/l

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 H K kh H ty nghi H hiu kh

5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

50 40 30 20 10 0 H K kh HIU SUT H ty nghi ma ma H hiu kh

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 H K kh HIU SUT H ty nghi ma ma H hiu kh

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

% 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 H K kh HIU SUT H ty nghi ma ma H hiu kh

HIU SUT

ma ma

a) Hiu sut x l TN trong ma kit

b) Hiu sut x l TN trong ma ma

a) Hiu sut x l TP trong ma kit

b) Hiu sut x l TP trong ma ma

Biu 3.4: Hiu sut x l TN v TP qua ma ma v ma kit sau khi qua wetland nhn to Sau khi qua wetland nhn to, hm lng TN v TP tng c gim ng k, khng gy nhim ngun tip nhn. 4. Kt lun v kin ngh 4.1. Kt lun - Cht lng nc trong hai ma c s dao ng ng k, nc h ang c du hiu b nhim. - H cng vin c thit k ci to da trn m hnh wetland nhn to gm 3 h( k kh, ty nghi, hiu kh), to iu kin thun li cho h vi sinh vt hot ng, kt hp trng cy chui hoa (Canna indica Bail) lm tng hiu sut ca qu trnh x l nc. - Cc cht dinh dng sau khi c vi sinh vt chuyn ha, thc vt hp thu, nng cn li thp khng gy nhim cho ngun tip nhn. 4.2. Kin ngh - Phi c nhng nghin cu c th v lu lng nc thi, nng , thnh phn nc thi vo h trc khi p dng x l a ra phng n x l ti u (quyt nh qui trnh x l ha hc hay sinh hc).

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mg/l
6 5 4 3 2 1 0

mg/l

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6

i hc Nng - 2008

- Vn hnh m hnh wetland nhn to nhm ci to cht lng nc h cng vin cn ch n duy tr bo dng cho hiu qu x l t tt nht: no vt bn nh k, thay th, thu vt thc vt trong h hiu kh trnh tnh trng khi cht i gy bi lp, gi ha h cng vin - C phn mm thit k tng qut c th p dng cho tt c cc h ni thnh vi chc nng x l nhim. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Nguyn Vit Anh. B Ti nguyn mi trng. 2007. X l nc thi sinh hot bng bi lc ngm trng cy dng chy thng ng trong iu kin Vit Nam. http://www.nea.gov.vn [2] Nguyn Ln Dng. Cng ngh mi lm sch ao h trong thnh ph, 30/07/2005. http://vietsciences.net [3] Hong n. X l nc thi bng bi lc trng cy, cng ngh mi em li nhiu li ch cho mi trng. http://www.nea.gov.vn [4] L Vn Khoa. 2005. t ngp nc, Trang 4. NXB Gio Dc. [5] Nguyn Th Loan. i hc Khoa hc T nhin, i hc Quc gia H Ni. 2007. Nghin cu s dng cc h thng wetland nhn to x l nc thi ti lng giy Phong Kh http://www.nea.gov.vn. [6] Joe Gelt, College of agriculture and life sciences the university of Arizona, Constructed Wetlands: Using Human Ingenuity, Natural Processes to Treat Water, Build Habitat.

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