Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chemistry Qualitative Analysis Idenitfication of Acidic Radicals Manual
Chemistry Qualitative Analysis Idenitfication of Acidic Radicals Manual
No. 1.
Test Colour
Observation Blue or bluish green Light green Dark brown Green Pink White
Inference Cu+2 may be present Fe+2 may be present Fe+3 may be present Ni+2 may be present Co+2 may be present Shows the absence of the above radicals NH4+ may be present CH3COO- may be present 1. If coloured, it may be Cu(NO3) 2 , FeCl3. 2. If colourless, it may be Zn(NO3) 2,Chlorides of Zn+2,Mg+2 etc.
2.
Odour
3.
Deliquescence
No. 1.
Observation Brisk effervescence (CO2 gas) Reaction: CO3-2 + H2SO4 SO4-2 + H2O + CO2
CT for CO3-2 Salt + dil. HCl Observation:Brisk effervescence & evolution of CO2 gas Reaction: CO3-2 + HCl 2. Test for Cl-, Br- & NO3-: Salt + conc. H2SO4 (2 ml) Cl- + H2O + CO2 CO3-2 is confirmed Cl- may be present
Colourless gas (HCl) with pungent smell, white fumes (of NH4Cl(s)) with aqueous NH4OH. [HCl + NH4OH Reaction: Cl- + H2SO4 HCI(g)+ HSO4NH4Cl(s) + H2O(l)]
Reddish brown gas with pungent smell. It does not turns FeSO4 solution black. Reactions: Br- + H2SO4 2HBr + H2SO4 HSO4- + HBr Br2(g) + SO2(g) + 2H2O
Important Note: If no brown fumes are observed, add one Cu chip and heat. Reddish brown gas (NO2) with pungent odour, turns FeSO4 solution black. Reactions: NO3- + H2SO4 4HNO3 + C(paper pellet) HNO3 + HSO44NO2 + CO2 + 2H2O
(brown gas) No gas / vapour evolved the above radicals are absent.(go for independent radical tests i.e.SO4-2 & PO4-3)
CT for ClSalt + water + AgNO3 solution (2-3 drops) Observation: White ppt.is formed which is soluble in ammonium hydroxide Reaction: Cl- + AgNO3 AgCl + NO3Cl- is confirmed.
CT for BrSalt + water + AgNO3 solution. (2-3 drops) Observation: A light yellow ppt.( AgBr(s)) is obtained which is partially soluble in NH4OH(aq). Reaction: Br-(aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgBr + NO3-(aq) Br- is confirmed.
1. Salt + Water + Diphenyl amine (5-7 drops) Observation: Deep blue colouration. Reaction: NO3- + H2SO4 H2C2O4 + HSO4NO3- is confirmed.
FeSO4 solution (1ml -freshly prepared) + few drops of conc.H2SO4 along the side of the test-tube.
Formation of brown ring at the junction of two liquids Reaction: NO3- + H2SO4 6FeSO4 + 3 H2SO4 FeSO4 + NO + 5H2O HSO4- + HNO3 3Fe2(SO4) 3 + 4H2O + 2NO [Fe(NO)( H2O)5]SO4 (Brown ring) 2. Test for SO4 : Salt + water + BaCl2(aq)
-2
NO3- is confirmed.
White ppt.( BaSO4) insoluble in dil. HCl Reactions: SO4-2 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + Cl-
CT for SO4-2: Lead Acetate test: Salt + Water + (CH3COO)2Pb(aq) Observation: White ppt. of PbSO4 Reaction: SO4-2 + (CH3COO)2Pb(aq) 4 Test for PO4-3 (as well as CT): Ammo. Molybdate test Salt + water + conc. HNO3 + boil + Ammonium Molybdate (excess) + boil PbSO4 + CH3COOSO4-2 is confirmed
Deep yellow ppt Reactions: PO4-3 + 3(NH4) 2MoO4 + HNO3 + H2O (NH4) 3PO4.12MoO3.6H2O PO4-3 is confirmed
This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.win2pdf.com. The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only. This page will not be added after purchasing Win2PDF.