The World Bank

Transport and Urban Development Department

TUDTR

ROad Cost Knowledge System

ROCKS

FINAL R !ORT
ROAD WORKS CLASSIFICATION DATA COLL CTION FOR-

IN!UT DAT A

DISBURS - NTS -ODUL

ROCKS DATABAS S
ICRA*RACA*IBRD*INDA*T+AA*!OLA*B,DA*AR-A*,+AA*U,AA

.I W -ODUL

STATISTICS -ODUL

OUT!UT * R !ORT STATISTIC DATA S S A. RA, RAN, AND UNIT COSTS

Al"erto Nogales Rodr#go Ar$hondo %Callao An#l Bhandar# &'ne ())(

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this document are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organi ations, or to members of its Board of !xecutive Directors or the countries they represent" The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any conse#uence of their use"

ACKNOWL D, - NT

The $%&'( system )as developed in the Transport Unit * TUDT$ of the World Bank by a team led by +nil Bhandari and comprising $odrigo +rchondo*&allao and +lberto ,ogales under the direction of -ohn .lora, Director of the Transport and Urban Development Department" This initiative )as funded by the Dutch Trust .und T./012/3" The system benefited from the inputs of an +dvisory 4roup comprising +lain 5abeau, +ntti Talvitie, &esar 6ueiro , &hristopher 7oban, Ter8e Wolden, and William D"%" 9atterson" +ssistance from staff of TUDT$, particularly, Benedictus !i8bergen, -erry 5ebo, :irtha +rau8o, Tipa)an Bhutaprateep, and Barbara +" 4regory, is also ackno)ledged" (trategic guidance )as received from the Transport (ector :anagers; !va :olnar, 4uang <he &hen/ -itendra Ba8pai, -ose 5uis =rigoyen/ and :aryvonne 9lessis>.raissard? and overall advice and support from the follo)ing transport staff in head#uarters and in the regions; +" '" ()aminathan, +lok ,ath Bansal, +mer Durrani, &hinnakorn &hantra, !lena 'astlerova, 4evorg (argsyan, =mogene $" -ensen, -ean>&harles &rochet, 'a i :ahbub>+l :atin, 5abite @ictorio %caya, :ohi U <aman 6ua i, ,atara8an $aman, ,ga Thi 6uynh Dang, $ami +l>+ssar, $obert 'ietlinski, (ally 5" Burningham, (tein 5undebye, (u8it Das, Ta)ia +ddo>+shong, Thach ,goc 9han, Ait hak +" 'amhi, and <hi 5iu" + selected group of road agencies contributed to the development of the system, provided access to the data, and tested the system; the $oads ((&& +gency in +rmenia, the $oads and 7igh)ays Department * $7D in Bangladesh, the 4hana 7igh)ay +uthority * 47+? the &entral $oad $esearch =nstitute * &$$=, and ,ational 7igh)ays +uthority * ,7+= in =ndia, the Department of 9ublic Works and 7igh)ays * D9W7 in the 9hilippines, the 4eneral Directorate of 9ublic $oads * 4DD9 in 9oland, the Department of 7igh)ays * D%7 in Thailand, the $oad +gency .ormation Unit * $+.U in Uganda, and the 9lanning and =nvestment Department of the :inistry of Transport in @ietnam"

TABL OF CONT NTS

Se$t#on I0 1 CUTI. SU--AR2
# 4 4 B B C C 0 0 0 5 3 D E E F 4) B/ B/ B/ BB 45 B3 BD 69 0F 3/ 5( 3C 33 32 5< 31 2/ 2B 86

Se$t#on II0 US R3S -ANUAL

40 O. R.I W B"B" Background B"C" %b8ective B"0" 'ey &oncepts B"3" $%&'( &omponents B"2" $%&'( Dissemination 9ackage B"D" (ystem Development (tatus B"E" Basic $eference (ource for Definitions and +bbreviations (0 FRA- WORK * K 2 CONC !TS C"B" &oncept B" $oad Works &lassification C"C" &oncept C" Unit &ost per 5ength and Unit &ost per +rea C"0" &oncept 0" :inimum Data $e#uirements C"3" &oncept 3" +lternative &lasses of =nput Data C"2" &oncept 2" (ingle &urrency and (ingle $eference Date 60 IN!UT R 7UIR - NTS AND OUT!UTS 0"B" (ystem $e#uirements 0"C" Data =nput $e#uirements 0"0" Data &ollection and Technical 6ualifications 0"3" (ample %utputs 50 DATABAS -ANUAL 3"B" The Database file, entries, and meaning of colors 3"C" Database (ections 80 DISBURS - NTS -ODUL 2"B" Description 2"C" Disbursements :odule =nstructions :0 .I W -ODUL D"B" Description D"C" @ie) :odule =nstructions D"0" (ample @ie) and %utputs ;0 STATISTICS -ODUL E"B" Description E"C" (tatistics :odule =nstructions E"0" (ample (et of $eports AL!+AB TICAL IND 1 ANN 1 40 Set o= Stat#st#$s Re>orts

RO ROad Cost Knowledge System

ROCKS S CTION I0 1 CUTI. SU--AR2

I0 INTRODUCTION

$oad agencies, contractors, consultants and financial institutions re#uire road costs information, )hich in general is locally available, but many times this information is scattered, proprietary of some organi ations, and collected in unsystematic and unstructured )ays" These entities need to assess costs differences among states and regions, but no frame)ork to compare road costs exists" =n BFFF, in response to this demand, the World Bank made a first attempt to collect this information from DE =mplementation &ompletion $eports of Bank*financed pro8ects that )ere implemented in the period BFF2 * BFFF" The study (C///) found that the level of detail provided in these type of documents )as limited and that there is a )orld)ide need for a frame)ork to collect this type of information" &onse#uently, the Bank decided to develop a simple system to collect road costs and to explore other sources of information"

II0

SU--AR2 OF R SULTS AND !RODUCTS

With the funds provided by the Dutch Trust .und (T./012/3), and primarily based on the experience of Bank staff and the information contained in roads and high)ays pro8ects in selected road agencies in developing countries, the Transport Unit of the World Bank developed the ROad Costs Knowledge System ?ROCKS@" The ma#n o"Ae$t#Be o= the system #s to deBelo> an #nternat#onal knowledge system on road work $osts *to be used primarily in developing countries* to esta"l#sh an #nst#t't#onal memory/ and o"ta#n aBerage and range 'n#t $osts "ased on h#stor#$al data that $o'ld 'lt#mately #m>roBe the rel#a"#l#ty o= new $ost est#mates and red'$e the r#sks generated "y $ost oBerr'ns " The main outputs of this initiative are the follo)ing five products; !RODUCT 40 The ROCKS Framework is based on =#Be key $on$e>ts that characteri e the system, and provide the foundation to achieve its ob8ective and intended outputs" The =#rst $on$e>t seeks to systemat#$ally $lass#=y the different road work ty>es and predominant )ork activities in order to be able to organi e them and match them )ith typical civil )orks contracts" The road )orks have been classified in t)o categories; 9reservation and Development" The details on )ork classes, types and predominant )ork activities are presented in the tables belo)"

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page i of xiv

the se$ond, defines a shared $on$e>t o= 'n#t $ost as the fundamental cost element, and depending on the type of )ork suggests to use GHkm, or GHmC? the th#rd $on$e>t, establishes a m#n#m'm set o= data re#uirements that is generally available in any country and that allo)s the system to )ork? the =o'rth $on$e>t seeks to add =leC#"#l#ty to the system by defining a set of highly recommended data, and a series of optional data that allo) the users to select the levels of detail or criteria to be used, and adapt the system to their needs and data available, and the =#=th $on$e>t suggests to collect the data on any currency and reference date, but to convert all data to a s#ngle $'rren$y and a s#ngle re=eren$e year to allo) for data comparisons"
!redom#nant Work A$t#B#ty =or !reserBat#on Works

Con$e>t 40
Work Ty>e $outine :aintenance !redom#nant Work A$t#B#ty $ecommended Unit &ost GHkm>year +lternative Unit &ost

Work &ategory !reserBat#on

Work &lass $outine

Routine Maintenance 1L Road Routine Maintenance Unsealed 2L Highway Routine Maintenance Block 2L Highway Routine Maintenance Bituminous 2L Highway Routine Maintenance Concrete 2L Highway Routine Maintenance Bituminous > 2L Highway Routine Maintenance Concrete > 2L Highway Routine Maintenance Bituminous Ex ressway Routine Maintenance Concrete Ex ressway Light !rading Hea"y !rading Regra"elling Concrete #a"ement #re"enti"e $reatment %og &eal Re'u"enation &lurry &eal or Ca e &eal &ingle &ur(ace $reatment )ou*le &ur(ace $reatment $ri le &ur(ace $reatment +s halt ,"erlay - ./ mm +s halt ,"erlay ./ to 01 mm +s halt ,"erlay 2/ to 31 mm +s halt ,"erlay 4/ to 11 mm +s halt ,"erlay > 11 mm Mill and Re lace Bonded Concrete ,"erlay Un*ounded Concrete ,"erlay Concrete &la* Re lacement Concrete &la* Re air Concrete )iamond !rinding Reconstruction Unsealed Reconstruction Block Reconstruction Bituminous Reconstruction Concrete

9eriodic

4rading 4ravel $esurfacing &oncrete 9avement 9reventive Treatment Bituminous 9avement 9reventive Treatment (urface Treatment $esurfacing

GHkm GHmC GHmC GHmC GHmC GHkm GHkm GHkm GHkm

+sphalt :ix $esurfacing $ehabilitation (trengthening

GHmC GHmC

GHkm GHkm

&oncrete 9avement $estoration $econstruction

GHmC

GHkm

GHmC

GHkm

N'm"er o= Lanes

B5 > %ne 5ane C5 > T)o 5ane

35 > .our 5ane D5 > (ix 5ane

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page ii of xiv

Con$e>t 40

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page iii of xiv

Con$e>t (0

!redom#nant Work A$t#B#ty =or DeBelo>ment Works

Work Category DeBelo>ment Work &lass =mprovement Work Ty>e 9artial Widening !redom#nant Work A$t#B#ty $ecommended Unit &ost GHkm

#artial 5idening to Unsealed 2L #artial 5idening to Block 2L #artial 5idening to Bituminous 2L #artial 5idening to Concrete 2L #artial 5idening to Unsealed 2L and Reconstruction #artial 5idening to Block 2L and Reconstruction #artial 5idening to Bituminous 2L and Reconstruction #artial 5idening to Concrete 2L and Reconstruction 5idening +dding Bituminous 1L 5idening +dding Bituminous 2L 5idening +dding Bituminous .L 5idening +dding Concrete 1L 5idening +dding Concrete 2L 5idening +dding Concrete .L 5idening +dding Bituminous 1L and Reconstruction 5idening +dding Bituminous 2L and Reconstruction 5idening +dding Bituminous .L and Reconstruction 5idening +dding Concrete 1L and Reconstruction 5idening +dding Concrete 2L and Reconstruction 5idening +dding Concrete .L and Reconstruction U U U U U U grading Unsealed to Unsealed 2L Highway grading Unsealed to Block 2L Highway grading Unsealed to Bituminous 2L Highway grading Unsealed to Concrete 2L Highway grading Block to Bituminous 2L Highway grading Block to Concrete 2L Highway

9artial Widening and $econstruction

GHkm

Widening

GHkm

Widening and $econstruction

GHkm

Upgrading

GHkm

,e) &onstruction

,e) B5 $oad

6ew Unsealed 1L Road 6ew Block 1L Road 6ew Bituminous 1L Road 6ew Concrete 1L Road 6ew Unsealed 2L Highway 6ew Block 2L Highway 6ew Bituminous 2L Highway 6ew Concrete 2L Highway 6ew Bituminous .L Highway 6ew Concrete .L Highway 6ew Bituminous 2L Highway 6ew Concrete 2L Highway 6ew Bituminous .L Ex ressway 6ew Concrete .L Ex ressway 6ew Bituminous 2L Ex ressway 6ew Concrete 2L Ex ressway

GHkm

,e) C5 7igh)ay

GHkm

,e) 35 7igh)ay ,e) D5 7igh)ay ,e) 35 !xpress)ay ,e) D5 !xpress)ay N'm"er o= Lanes B5 > %ne 5ane C5 > T)o 5ane 35 > .our 5ane D5 > (ix 5ane

GHkm GHkm GHkm GHkm

CONC !TD UNIT COST ! R L N,T+ E UNIT COST ! R AR A It #n$l'des It does not #n$l'de all $#B#l works $ostsD other agen$y $ostsD :obili ation * 9avement >Drainage Design :a8or (tructures > 5ine markings &ontingencies Taxes 5and +c#uisition $esettlement (upervision ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page iv of xiv

Con$e>ts 6 and 50

ROCKS % ROad Costs Knowledge System .ers#on (0) ?)9F)9F)(@

Se$t#ons 4 thro'gh 8 % Cost and Work Des$r#>t#on
Re$ord Co'ntry (tate, Department or 9rovince User &lassification B User &lassification C User &lassification 0 World $egion; !roAe$t or So'r$e Name (ection $eport Type $eport 5ocation Cost Date Cost So'r$e C'rren$y Code &ost .inancing B=D Type &onstruction :ethod Taxes (AH,) Work Des$r#>t#on Work Ty>e Work 9redominant +ctivity Base &ost (:G) 9hysical &ontingencies (:G) 9rice &ontingencies (:G) Total &ost (:G)

Cost Ty>e USG C$hange Rate &ontract Type &ontractor Type !conomic &ost .actor &ontingencies (AH,)

Se$t#on : % Road Work Cost >er Length

5ength (km) Duration (months) Total Cost >er K#lometer ?GFkm@ Total &ost per 'ilometer (C/// U(GHkm)

Se$t#on ; % Road Work Cost >er Area

Total Cost >er Carr#ageway Area ?GFm(@ Total &ost per &arriage)ay +rea (C/// U(GHmC)

Se$t#on < % Road Work Chara$ter#st#$s

9avement Width (m) (houlder Width (mm) N'm"er o= Lanes $esurfacing 5ayer Thickness (mm) Depth of :illing (mm) (urface Thickness (mm) Base Thickness (mm) (ubbase Thickness (mm) (tructural ,umber Terrain Type :obili ation (I) Demolition and (ite &learance (I) !arth)orks (I) Drainage,9 Works,&ulv"J:in" Bridges (I) :a8or Bridges and (tructures (I) +ccesses and -unctions (I) 9avement &ourses (I) (houlder Works (I) 5ine :arkings and (igns (I) !nvironment (I) Day)orks (I) %ther (I) &ontingencies (I) Taxes (I) Total (I) 5abor (I); :aterials (I); !#uipment (I); Total (I); .oreign &urrency (I); 5and +c#uisition (I); $esettlement (I); 5and +c#uisition J $esettlement (I); :inimum and $e#uired Data (et &limate Type 9avement Type (urface &lass (urface Type (urface :aterial Base :aterial 9atching or &rack (ealing Unit &ost (GHmC) 9atching or &rack (eal" 6uantity (mCHkm>year) (pot $egravelling or $egravell" Unit &ost (GHm0) (pot $egravelling 6uantity (m0Hkm>year)

Se$t#on 9 % Road Work Cost Deta#ls ?H o= Road Work Cost@

Drainage and 9rotective Works(I) &ulverts and :inor Bridges (I) (ubbase (I) Base (I) (ubbase and Base (I) (urface (I)

.oreign &urrency &ode Design (I); (upervision (I);

Se$t#on 4) % Other Add#t#onal Road Agen$y Costs ?H o= Road Work Cost@

7ighly $ecommended Data (et

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page v of xiv

!RODUCT (0 The ROCKS Com>onents consists of a Database, and a set of three complementary :odules to vie) the information collected, and generate statistics" The modules )ere designed as :icrosoft !xcel spreadsheets to make sure that they are accessible to any road agency in any region of the )orld" ROCKS Data"ase" =t is the main element of the system and the primary tool to collect and input the data" =t also includes detailed instructions provided in the UserKs :anual" ROCKS .#ew -od'le0 This module can be used to filter, sort, vie) and print the information stored in the $%&'( Databases" ROCKS Stat#st#$s -od'le0 =t is used to filter, generate statistical reports, and analy e the information stored in the $%&'( Databases" ROCKS D#s"'rsements -od'le" =t is a tool to translate a series of actual current disbursements into a single constant cost for a selected base year"

!RODUCT 60 The ROCKS DeBelo>ment Network )as identified and established by the World Bank Transport Unit )ith a selected group of road agencies )orld)ide ROAD WORKS in order to further develop the system and properly test its features" CLASSIFICATIO N =n ,ovember DATA C//B the =#rst Bers#on of the system )as tested, installed and staff DISBURS - NTS IN!U from the road agencies )ere trained in five countries (Bangladesh, =ndia, COLL CTION T -ODUL Thailand, @iet ,am, 9hilippines) in the So'th As#a ((+$) and ast As#a and FORDAT the !a$#=#$ (!+9) Reg#ons"
A

=n :arch C//C an improved se$ond Bers#on )as installed and tested in four ROCKS DATABAS countries (4hana, Uganda, 9oland, +rmenia) in the S A=r#$a (+.$) and astern ICRA*RACA*IBRD*INDA*T+AA*!OLA*B,DA*AR-A*,+AA*U,AA 'ro>e and Central As#a (!&+) reg#ons"

+ll these road agencies that have contributed to this effort have designated a contact person to provide access to the re#uired data and to coordinate activities to further develop the system (see table belo))" .I W -ODUL STATISTICS -ODUL COUNTR2
Armen#a Bangladesh ,hana Ind#a !h#l#>>#nes !oland Tha#land Uganda .#etnam

A, NC2
+rmenia $oads ((&& $7D * $oads and 7igh)ays Department 47+ * 4hana 7igh)ayDATA +uthority OUT!UT * R !ORTS &$$= * &entral $oadSTATISTICS $esearch =nstitute and ,7+= D9W7 * Department of 9ublic Works J 7igh)ays 4DD9 * 4eneral Directorate of 9ublic $oads D%7 * Department of 7igh)ays $+.U * $oad +gency .ormation Unit A. RA, AND :inistry of Transport * 9lanning J =nvestment Depart" RAN, UNIT COSTS

Conta$t
7akob 9etrosyan :" +bdul 6uadir -ames +" ," 'lu D" :ukhopadhyay +nita &orrea !l bieta ,o)icka +pirak (ucharit D" 5uyimba i ,guyen Danh 7ai

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page vi of xiv

!RODUCT 60 The ROCKS DeBelo>ment Network )as identified and established by the World Bank Transport Unit )ith a selected group of road agencies )orld)ide in order to further develop the system and properly test its features" =n ,ovember C//B the =#rst Bers#on of the system )as tested, installed and staff from the road agencies )ere trained in five countries (Bangladesh, =ndia, Thailand, @iet ,am, 9hilippines) in the So'th As#a ((+$) and ast As#a and the !a$#=#$ (!+9) Reg#ons" =n :arch C//C an improved se$ond Bers#on )as installed and tested in four countries (4hana, Uganda, 9oland, +rmenia) in the A=r#$a (+.$) and astern 'ro>e and Central As#a (!&+) reg#ons"

+ll the road agencies that have contributed to this effort have designated a contact person to provide access to the re#uired data and to coordinate activities to further develop the system (see table belo))"

EXISTING ROCKS DEVELOPMENT NET!ORK

SAR
8ndia Bangladesh

EAP
7iet 6am $hailand #hili ines

AFR
Uganda !hana

ECA
+rmenia #oland

SYSTEM TESTING - DATA COLLECTION DATA USER PARTNER DEVELOPER

T E !ORLD "ANK TRANSPORT UNIT

S#$%e& De$ig' ( Deve)o*&e'% Da%a Co))e+%io' ( Da%a Co'$o)i,a%io' Roa, Age'+# T-ai'i'g
A, NC2
+rmenia $oads ((&& $7D * $oads and 7igh)ays Department 47+ * 4hana 7igh)ay +uthority &$$= * &entral $oad $esearch =nstitute and ,7+= D9W7 * Department of 9ublic Works J 7igh)ays 4DD9 * 4eneral Directorate of 9ublic $oads D%7 * Department of 7igh)ays $+.U * $oad +gency .ormation Unit :inistry of Transport * 9lanning J =nvestment Depart"

COUNTR2
Armen#a Bangladesh ,hana Ind#a !h#l#>>#nes !oland Tha#land Uganda .#etnam

Conta$t
7akob 9etrosyan :" +bdul 6uadir -ames +" ," 'lu D" :ukhopadhyay +nita &orrea !l bieta ,o)icka +pirak (ucharit David 5uyimba i ,guyen Danh 7ai

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page vii of xiv

!RODUCT 50 The ROCKS Worldw#de Data"ase created )ith data collected primarily from World Bank financed pro8ects has more than 4/8)) re$ords" +ll data has been compiled into a single file that it is available and provides the basis for future data collection" Des$r#>t#on o= the Data #n the $onsol#dated Data"ase WORLD0 (ources of =nformation; :ainly from World Bank =mplementation &ompletion $eports, 9ro8ect +ppraisal Documents, and actual &ivil Works &ontracts, but also from 9ro8ect (upervision $eports, 9avement :anagement =nformation (ystems, and 9rocurement and Disbursements $eports" There are 300 records for 9rograms and B,/EF records for (ections, )ith a very good distribution bet)een the number of estimates, contracts and actuals"
COST T2! S ,umber of $ecords 9ercentage st#mates 223 0EI Contra$ts 223 0EI A$t'als 3/3 CEI

The existing database has data from D2 developing countries" .or the ma8ority of countries only a fe) lines of data are available, and for some others such as Bra il, &hile, $ussia, 9oland, 4hana, Uganda, =ndia, Thailand, 9hilippines and Bangladesh, there is a large set of data"
+lbania +lgeria +rgentina +rmenia Bangladesh Barbados Bolivia Bots)ana Bra il &had &hile &hina &olombia &omoros &osta $ica &yprus Dominican $epublic !stonia .i8i 4hana 4uatemala 4uinea 7aiti 7onduras =ndia =ndonesia -amaica 'a akhstan 5atvia 5ebanon 5ithuania :adagascar :ala)i :alaysia :ali :auritius :exico :orocco ,epal ,icaragua ,igeria 9akistan 9anama 9apua ,e) 4uinea 9eru 9hilippines 9oland $omania $ussian .ederation (amoa (ierra 5eone (pain (ri 5anka Tan ania Thailand Tunisia Turkey Uganda Uganda Uruguay @ietnam West Bank and 4a a Aemen, $ep" <ambia <imbab)e

N'm"er o= Re$ords >er Cost Date 49<5 B 4994 3 499; BEB 49<: E 499( CD 499< BD2 49<; / 4996 E3 4999 BD0 49<< E 4995 3/ ())) 0C3 49<9 B3 4998 D0 ())4 C30 499) B 499: BCD ())( C1

!er#od <5%9) 94%98

!er$entage (H (6H

9:%)(

;8H

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page viii of xiv

!RODUCT 80 The Set o= !rel#m#nary ABerage and Range Un#t Costs )hich is the main output of the system provides costs for a selected number of predominant )ork activities in the selected single currency (U( dollars) and single reference date (year C///)"

!R S R.ATION WORKS !R LI-INAR2 A. RA, AND RAN, UNIT COSTS USGFkm ?2ear ()))@
Work Ty>e $outine :aintenance !redom#nant Work A$t#B#ty $outine :aintenance Unsealed C5 7igh)ay $outine :aintenance Bituminous C5 7igh)ay 5ight 4rading C5 7igh)ay 7eavy 4rading C5 7igh)ay $egravelling C5 7igh)ay .og (eal C5 7igh)ay ABerage F1F C,BFF BB/ 2CC B2,033 1,F3D -#n#m'm CEE D2D 2B 0C0 B,FFE C,1/2 -aC#m'm B,E3/ 2,21/ C/2 1ED D2,/01 B2,E10 Co'nt E 3/ BC D B0/ B1

4rading

4ravel $esurfacing Bituminous 9avement 9reventive Treatment (urface Treatment $esurfacing

(lurry (eal or &ape (eal C5 7igh)ay (ingle (urface Treatment C5 7igh)ay Double (urface Treatment C5 7igh)ay +sphalt %verlay L 3/ mm C5 7igh)ay +sphalt %verlay 3/ to 2F mm C5 7igh)ay +sphalt %verlay D/ to EF mm C5 7igh)ay +sphalt %verlay 1/ to FF mm C5 7igh)ay +sphalt %verlay M FF mm C5 7igh)ay $econstruction Unsealed C5 7igh)ay $econstruction Bituminous C5 7igh)ay $econstruction &oncrete C5 7igh)ay

B/,E0C B1,F0E CE,2/C 0E,02C DE,DBF 1F,F00 B0E,332 B32,120 0D,/D1 C00,3CD CDC,FFC

3,32C 2,CF2 B/,D13 BC,1E1 CB,/CB CE,3E0 01,210 E0,333 B/,/3D C/,BD2 32,/DF

CE,2C/ 01,D/E 32,CEE 1C,0C/ BCD,B0B B2E,F13 3/0,DF3 CE0,2BD F0,C/E D12,B/2 D2E,E3E

00 01 22 CD B21 0E B/1 2D C3 3BC BE

+sphalt :ix $esurfacing (trengthening

$econstruction

D . LO!- NT WORKS !R LI-INAR2 A. RA, AND RAN, UNIT COSTS USGFkm ?2ear ()))@
Work Ty>e 9artial Widening 9artial Widening and $econstruction Widening !redom#nant Work A$t#B#ty 9artial Widening to Bituminous C5 ABerage B2/,FC2 -#n#m'm B02,FD3 -aC#m'm BDB,DEE Co'nt D

9artial Widening to Bituminous C5 and $ec"

0E1,BD/

0/E,CCC

3C3,FC1

B0

Widening +dding Bituminous C5

31D,F0/

CF/,EED

DE/,BF2

CC

Widening and $econstruction

Widening +dding Bituminous B5 and $ec" Widening +dding Bituminous C5 and $ec" Widening +dding Bituminous 35 and $ec" Upgrading Unsealed to Unsealed C5 7igh)ay Upgrading Unsealed to Bituminous C5 7igh)ay Upgrading Unsealed to &oncrete C5 7igh)ay Upgrading Block to Bituminous C5 7igh)ay ,e) Bituminous C5 7igh)ay ,e) &oncrete C5 7igh)ay ,e) Bituminous 35 7igh)ay ,e) &oncrete 35 7igh)ay

3B/,C2E B,/EE,3BF B,1DD,C/E 2C,BED CFD,3DD 0B3,C// 0C2,B2/ B,C2D,00B B,/C0,121 C,EF1,/31 0,C3F,D1E

CDC,20C E/2,2/C B,2D1,02F BC,2FC E0,3E/ FC,D2B CEC,2CE D33,E1D 2EC,2/C C,BC0,CF1 C,E/D,F2D

2D3,2E2 B,3BE,EE1 C,/FD,3B2 F0,C/2 103,3C1 3DF,1B2 013,0FC B,1E2,B/3 B,2B2,102 3,//D,B0B 0,EFC,3B1

F CB 1 B3 22 2 0 CD BC B/ C

Upgrading

,e) C5 7igh)ay

,e) 35 7igh)ay

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page ix of xiv

The fre#uency histograms are the basis for obtaining the average and range of units costs" The graph belo) presents a histogram )hich has been prepared using mainly the data for t)o lane high)ays (C5), and it includes some data from one lane (B5), intermediate lane (B"25), )ide t)o lane (05), and four lane (35) high)ays for )hich e#uivalent C lane costs )ere calculated"
FreI'en$y +#stogram o= Cost >er km Do'"le S'r=a$e Treatment (L +#ghway
9 < N'm"er o= O"serBat#ons ; : 8 5 6 ( 4 )
B/ ,D 13 B0 ,0 32 BD ,/ /D B1 ,D DE CB ,0 C1 C0 ,F 1F CD ,D 2/ CF ,0 BB 0B ,F EC 03 ,D 00 0E ,C F3 0F ,F 22 3C ,D BD 32 ,C EE
-aC#m'm B/"13 C"B/ 3"2F 2"CF D"B3 BB"C1 BF"BD CB"/D 01"02 3C"/1 B0"0C FE"1E F0"FD Co'nt B0/ B1 00 01 22 CD B2D 0E B/3 2D C3 3BC BE

USGFkm ?2ear ()))@

$%&'( also provides unit costs per mC calculated based on the )idth of the main carriage)ay, and excluding the )idth of shoulders, bicycle lanes or median" The system generates average and range unit costs per mC for some )ork activities"

!R S R.ATION WORKS !R LI-INAR2 A. RA, AND RAN, UNIT COSTS USGFm( ?2ear ()))@
Work Ty>e 4ravel $esurfacing Bituminous 9avement 9reventive Treatment (urface Treatment $esurfacing +sphalt :ix $esurfacing (trengthening !redom#nant Work A$t#B#ty $egravelling .og (eal (lurry (eal or &ape (eal (ingle (urface Treatment Double (urface Treatment +sphalt %verlay L 3/ mm +sphalt %verlay 3/ to 2F mm +sphalt %verlay D/ to EF mm +sphalt %verlay 1/ to FF mm +sphalt %verlay M FF mm $econstruction Unsealed $econstruction Bituminous $econstruction &oncrete ABerage C"3C B"BB B"DC C"DB 0"1C 2"B1 F"1B BC"E3 B1"DD C/"1F 2"B2 00"02 01"BB -#n#m'm /"CF /"02 /"E3 /"1B B"20 B"13 0"// 0"FC 2"2B B/"3F B"33 C"11 D"F0

$econstruction

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page x of xiv

III0

SA-!L S T OF OUT!UTS

=t is expected that these preliminary average and range unit costs can be further enhanced in the future )ith an increased number of data, and more in depth level of detail for each data in order to; monitor country road cost variations at different stages, from estimate to contract and actual costs? assess road costs variations overtime? compare road costs among states and regions, different financing sources, procurement methodologies (advertisement), etc? establish relationships )ith different types of terrain, climate, regions, construction technologies, etc"? and generate the data that is needed for other road cost related studies like life cycle analysis applied in 7D:>3"

Sam>le O't>'t 40 Un#t Costs >er Km #n -#ll#on USG ?2ear ()))@ =or Sele$ted Work A$t#B#t#es #n Tha#land and Cost AdA'stment Fa$tors "y Reg#on and Terra#n Ty>e
WORK ACTI.IT2 REGION NORT+ RN R ,ION /"/BB /"/32 /"/D1 /"/E/ /"/1B /"/F3 Flat /"3E/ /"01/ /"3D2 /"01/ /"00E /"D2/ /"103 C"213 C"FB0 Roll#ng /"312 /"0F/ /"3D0 /"0F/ /"02B /"D12 /"1D2 C"3/D C"EFD -o'nt0 /"EC2 /"2/0 /"231 /"2/0 /"2DE B"/E2 B"02E 0"D12 3"BCF Flat /"231 /"3DC /"2DC /"3DC /"01E /"E32 /"F2D C"EDC 0"BB3 NORT+ AST RN R ,0 /"/BB /"/2/ /"/EE /"/FC /"B/3 /"BB1 Roll#ng /"2D0 /"3EC /"2D2 /"3EC /"3/B /"E1B /"F1D C"20F C"FDB -o'nt0 /"1C0 /"2FD /"D2E /"2FD /"D03 B"C/B B"2B1 0"1DC 3"0CE Flat /"31F /"0F/ /"3E/ /"0F/ /"02C /"DE1 /"1E/ C"DC/ C"FD/ C NTRAL R ,ION /"/BB /"/32 /"/D1 /"/EB /"/1C /"/F3 Roll#ng /"2/3 /"3// /"3E3 /"3// /"0DD /"EB3 /"F/B C"330 C"13C -nt0 > > > > > > > > > Flat /"3D3 /"0E0 /"32C /"0E0 /"00C /"D30 /"1C3 C"2E2 C"F/C SOUT+ RN R ,ION /"/BB /"/32 /"/D1 /"/E/ /"/1/ /"/F0 Roll#ng /"3EF /"010 /"322 /"0E2 /"03E /"DE1 /"122 C"0F1 C"E12 -o'nt0 /"EC/ /"3FD /"23/ /"3FD /"2D0 B"/DE B"03E 0"DEE 3"BB1

(lurry (eal or &ape (eal ($eseal) +sphalt %verlay 3/>2F mm (2/ mm) +sphalt %verlay 1/>FF mm (1/ mm) $econstruction Bitum" (2/ mm +&) $econstruction Bitum" (1/ mm +&) $econstruction Bitum" (B// mm +&) T RRAIN T2! Widening +dding Bitum" C5 (C5 to 35) Widening +dding Bitum" C5 (35 to D5) Widening +dding Bitum" C5 (D5 to 15) Widening +dding Bitum" C5 (15 to B/5) ,e) Bituminous C5 7igh)ay ,e) Bituminous 35 7igh)ay ,e) Bituminous D5 7igh)ay ,e) Bituminous 35 !xpress)ay ,e) Bituminous D5 !xpress)ay

COST AD&UST- NT FACTORS B2 R ,ION E T RRAIN T2! =?FLAT J 40)@

R ,ION T RRAIN T2! Widening +dding Bitum" C5 (C5 to 35) Widening +dding Bitum" C5 (35 to D5) Widening +dding Bitum" C5 (D5 to 15) Widening +dding Bitum" C5 (15 to B/5) ,e) Bituminous C5 7igh)ay ,e) Bituminous 35 7igh)ay ,e) Bituminous D5 7igh)ay ,e) Bituminous 35 !xpress)ay ,e) Bituminous D5 !xpress)ay NORT+ RN R ,ION Flat B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// Roll#ng 40)6 40)6 40)) 40)6 40)5 40)8 40)5 )096 )09: -o'nt0 4085 406( 404< 406( 40:< 40:8 40:6 4056 405( NORT+ AST RN R ,0 Flat B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// Roll#ng 40)6 40)( 40)) 40)( 40)5 40)8 40)6 )09( )098 -o'nt0 408) 40(9 404; 40(9 40:5 40:4 4089 405) 4069 C NTRAL R ,ION Flat B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// Roll#ng 40)6 40)( 40)4 40)( 40)5 40)8 40)5 )096 )09: -nt0 > > > > > > > > > SOUT+ RN R ,ION Flat B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// B"// Roll#ng 40)6 40)6 40)4 40)) 40)5 40)8 40)5 )096 )09: -o'nt0 4088 4066 40() 4066 40:9 40:: 40:5 4056 405(

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page xi of xiv

Sam>le O't>'t (0 ABerage and Range Un#t Costs >er m( #n USG ?2ear ()))@ Sele$ted Works =or B#t'm#no's S'r=a$e Class % Worldw#de Data
32
5(0)<

3/
6<068

02

0/

:aximum +verage :inimum

C2

(40):

C/

()0<9 4<0::

4904:

B2
4(0;5 440(<

B/

90<4

4)059

2
(04) 4044 )068 Fog Seal

5089 40:( )0;5

80(9 (0:4 )0<4

:045 60<( 4086

804< 60)) 40<5 As>halt As>halt OBerlay K OBerlay 5) 5) mm to 89 mm As>halt -#C Res'r=a$#ng 609(

8084

Sl'rry Seal S#ngle Do'"le or Ca>e S'r=a$e S'r=a$e Seal Treatment Treatment S'r=a$e Treatment Res'r=a$#ng

As>halt As>halt As>halt OBerlay :) OBerlay <) OBerlay L to ;9 mm to 99 mm 99 mm Strengthen#ng

!aBement !reBent#Be Treatment

Sam>le O't>'t 60 Cost Breakdown #n Ty>#$al B#ll o= 7'ant#t#es and Other Agen$y Costs ?H@ Ind#a st#mates * W#den#ng (L to 5L and Re$onstr'$t#on Road Work Cost Deta#ls ?H o= Road Work Cost@
:obili ation (I); Demolition and (ite &learance (I); !arth)orks (I); Drainage,9 Works,&ulv"J:in" Bridges (I); :a8or Bridges and (tructures (I); 9avement &ourses (I); 5ine :arkings and (igns (I); &ontingencies (I); Total ?H@D 5and +c#uisition (I); $esettlement (I); (upervision (I); ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page xii of xiv /"2I /"2I BB"FI BD"1I 2"EI 3F"2I 2"1I F"CI 4))0)H 2"BI 0"/I D"EI

Other Road Agen$y Costs ?H o= Road Work Cost@

Sam>le O't>'t 50 Com>ar#son "etween A$t'al Cost at $om>let#on and st#mated Costs at A>>ra#sal =or World Bank =#nan$ed !roAe$ts * All Co'ntr#es +ll &ountries
0/ C2 C/ B2 B/ 2 / /"/ /"C /"3 /"D /"1 B"/ B"C B"3 B"D B"1 C"/ C"C C"3 C"D C"1 0"/ Works costs per km; +ctual &ost H +ppraisal !stimate
9robability L B"/ N 01 I 9robability M B"/ N DC I

Sam>le O't>'t 80 ABerage and Range Un#t Costs >er Km #n Tho'sands USG ?2ear ()))@ Sele$ted DeBelo>ment Works % Worldw#de Data
Tho'sands 5/8))

5/)))

[be WcY

6/8))

6/)))

:aximum +verage :inimum

WXY

d[6

W\Y

(/8))
B_S BIS BFS Q^G N! QRG MC QH O] OP OZ
Add#ng B#t'm#n0 4L Add#ng B#t'm#n0 (L Add#ng B#t'm#n0 5L

(/)))

[ne AO nsV

4/8))

4/)))
j K h
and Re$onstr'$t#on Add#ng B#t'm#n0 (L

nV T` 2 TU T
Unsealed to Con$rete Unsealed to B#t'm#no's

8))
k" ef i@
Only

MN Mg

1a 1r 1
B#t'm#no's Con$rete

n*

B#t'm#no's

!art#al W#den#ng to B#t'm#no's (L

W#den#ng Only W#den#ng and Re$onstr'$t#on U>grad#ng (L +#ghway

New (L +#ghway

New 5L +#ghway

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page xiii of xiv

Con$rete

I.0

ROCKS DISS -INATION !ACKA,

The entire $%&'( system including all the data collected and modules developed are part of the $%&'( Dissemination 9ackage contained in a compact disc (&D) )hich is ready to be distributed )orld)ide free of charge" =t includes the follo)ing files;

-#$roso=t C$el Do$'ments ?Cls@ $%&'( * Database * W%$5D (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * Database * !:9TA (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * :odule > Disbursements (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * :odule > @ie) (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * :odule > (tatistics (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * Documentation * Data &ollection .orm (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * Documentation * $oad Works &lassification (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * Documentation * +nnex B > (et of (tatistics $eport (@ersion C"/B) -#$roso=t Word Do$'ments ?do$@ $%&'( * Documentation > !xecutive (ummary (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * Documentation > UserKs :anual (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * Documentation * $ead :e .irst (@ersion C"/B) $%&'( * Documentation * 9o)er9oint 9resentation (@ersion C"/B)

-#$roso=t !ower !o#nt Do$'ment ?>>t@

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page xiv of xiv

For more #n=ormat#on $onta$tD

The World Bank Trans>ort E Ur"an DeBelo>ment De>artment 4<4< + St0 NW Wash#ngton/ DC ()566 FaCD 4%()(%8((%6((6 Rodr#go Ar$hondo%Callao Te$hn#$al S>e$#al#st %ma#lD rar$hondo$allaolworld"ank0org An#l Bhandar# Lead S>e$#al#st %ma#lD a"handar#lworld"ank0org Al"erto Nogales Cons'ltant %ma#lD anogaleslworld"ank0org

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Page xv of xiv