i cng cc phng php phn tch quang

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i cng cc phng php phn tch quang

Nguyn tc Bc x in t Tng tc gia bc x v vt cht nh lut Lamber-Beer

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Nguyn tc

Bc x

i tng nghin cu
(Hp thu hay Pht x)

nh tnh nh lng

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Bc x in t (Electromagnetic radiation)
Bn cht
Tnh cht sng Tnh cht ht

Phng truyen

Cc i lng c trng
wavelength (cm, m, nm, A) frequency (s 1) the velocity of light c c = . = 3 x 10 10 cm/s wavenumber (cm 1) = 1/ = /c
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The energy of a unit of radition (photon)

E = h = hc/ = h.c.
E (eV, kcal/mol) h: hng s Planck = 6,626.10 34 J.s = 6,626.10 27 erg.s = 6,59 eV.s
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Cc vng bc x in t (electromagnetic spectrum)

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Cc vng bc x in t (electromagnetic spectrum)

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Cc vng bc x in t (electromagnetic spectrum)

UV-VIS IR NMR

(Gamma rays)

X rays

Ultraviolet

Visible

Infrared

Radio waves

Violet 380 nm

Blue

Green

Yellow

Orange

Red 760 nm

E = h = hc/ = hc

Bc sng ngn, nng lng cao NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

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Ni nng ca vt cht
Nang lng

v 3 v 2 v1 v 0 v3 v2 v1 v0

Trang thai electron (The excited state) kch thch

E1

h
Trang thai electron c ban

J 0

(The ground state)

E0

J J 2 J o1

Cac trang thai nang lng cua phan t hai nguyen t

Et : Nng lng in t (electron energy) Ed: Nng lng dao ng (vibration energy) Eq: Nng lng quay (rotation energy)
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E = Et + Ed + Eq Et = E1 E0

Ni nng ca vt cht

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Thit b
Detector
o Ket qua

Bc xa

Vat chat

Tao tia n sac

Ghi tn hieu

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Thit b

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Ph UV-VIS

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PH IR

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nh lut Lamber-Beer
IR IA IT

Io

IO = IR + IA + IT = IA + IT (b mt chu o nhn)

truyn sut T (Transmittance) T = IT/Io hay T% = 100 x IT/Io

hp thu A (Absorbance) A = log I0/IT = log 1/T = log 100/ T% = 2 log T%

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nh lut Lamber-Beer
IR

A=bC

Io

IA

IT

H s hp thu mol, (L x mol -1 x cm -1) b: b dy cuvet o C: nng cu t, mol/L

H s hp thu ring, (L x g -1 x cm -1) C: nng cu t, g/L

Ty thuc bn cht cu t, di sng o, to

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Tng tc gia bc x v vt cht

Vt cht v cc bc x in t trao i nng lng c tnh cht gin on (E = n h, n = 0, 1, 2) S hp thu lm thay i cng (mt cc ht photon) ca bc x in t m khng lm thay i nng lng (E = h = hc/) ca bc x in t

I I 0

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