Muscles

Muscles
Are all of Mesodermal in origin Made up of contractile fibers Can only generate force by shortening Muscle fibers are made up of fibrils Fibrils are made up of sacromeres Sacromeres are the functional unit

Muscles

Muscles are made up of fibers.

Fibers are made up of fibrils (these are the cells). Fibrils are made up of sarcomeres. Z lines between sarcomeres produce striations in striated muscle.

Muscles Types
Muscle tissue is divided in the vertebrate body into three types: Skeletal muscle, or striated muscle, is responsible for voluntary movement Smooth muscle is responsible for involuntary body activities Cardiac muscle is responsible for contraction of the heart

Muscle types
fiber type
Smooth muscle Smooth

fiber arrangement
parallel

innervation autonomic

location viscera Skeletal muscle

Striated Striated muscle

parallel

voluntary

Cardiac muscle

Striated

Interconnected

autonomic

heart

Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle
Nuclei

Muscle fiber Sarcomere 100 m

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

Nucleus

Muscle fibers

25 m

Nucleus

Intercalated disk

50 m

Major Categories of Muscles

Somatic Muscles
Orient the body of the organism in the external environment Striated and skeletal Voluntary Myotomal by origin or derivation Innervated by spinal nerves

Major Categories of Muscles

Visceral Muscles
Regulate the internal minlieu Smooth muscles of hollow organs, vessels, tubes, and ducts, the intrinsic musculature of the eyeballs, and the erector muscles of feathers and hair. Cardiac muscle Arise from splanchnopluere Innervated by autonomic nervous system

Major Categories of Muscles

Branchiomeric Somatic Muscles
Striated skeletal muscles of the pharyngeal arches Myotomal in origin Formed from the somitomeres and anterior somites of the head Receive their motor innervation from branchiomeric nerves

Skeletal Muscles as Organs

Epimysium
Consists of collagenous connective tissue and elastic fiber

Fascicle
Major bundles of muscle fibers