Chng 1 Gii thiu

Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach Featuring the Internet,

3rd edition. Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley, July 2004.

Introduction

1-1

Chng 1: Gii thiu

Mc tiu:
Lm quen vi cc

Tng quan:
Internet l g? Giao thc l g? Cc vn lin quan n mng Cc vn ct li ca mng Cc thit b vt l Cu trc Internet/ISP Hiu sut: mt mt, tr Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh

thut ng Chi tit cui kha hc Tip cn: Dng Internet nh th no

dch v M hnh mng

Introduction 1-2

Chng 1
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Cc vn lin quan n mng 1.3 Cc vn chnh ca mng 1.4 Cc thit b vt l 1.5 Cu trc Internet v ISP 1.6 S tr & mt mt trong cc mng chuyn mch gi 1.7 Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.8 Lch s
Introduction 1-3

Internet l g?
Hng triu thit b tnh

ton kt ni vi nhau: hosts = cc h thng u cui chy cc ng dng mng Phng tin truyn thng

router server

workstation mobile

ISP a phng

Cp quang, cp ng, sng radio, v tinh Tc truyn = bng thng

ISP vng

routers: chuyn gi (cc

on d liu)
Mng cng ty
Introduction

1-4

Mt s thit b internet
Web-enabled toaster + weather forecaster IP picture frame http://www.ceiva.com/

Worlds smallest web server http://www-ccs.cs.umass.edu/~shri/iPic.html

Internet phones
Introduction 1-5

Internet l g?

Giao thc iu khin vic gi v

nhn cc thng ip V d:TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP, PPP

router server

workstation mobile

ISP a phng

Internet: mng ca cc mng

Cu trc khng cht ch Internet c tnh cng cng, ngc vi intranet c tnh ring t

ISP vng

Cc chun Internet RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force

Mng cng ty
Introduction

1-6

Internet l g?
H tng truyn thng cho

php cc ng dng phn b:

Web, email, tr chi, ecommerce, chia s file

Cc dch v truyn thng: Connectionless khng tin c y connection-oriented tin cy

Introduction

1-7

Giao thc l g?
Giao thc con ngi: whats the time? I have a question introductions xc nh cc thng ip gi xc nh cc hnh ng xy ra khi thng ip nhn, hoc cc s kin khc Giao thc mng: Gia cc my mc ch khng phi con ngi Tt c cc hnh vi truyn thng trong Internet u c qun l bi cc giao thc

Giao thc nh ngha dng thc cho cc thng ip gi v nhn gia cc thc th trn mng v hnh ng xy ra tng ng
Introduction 1-8

Giao thc l g?
So snh gia giao thc con ngi v gia hai thc th mng Hi Hi
Got the time? TCP connection request TCP connection response
Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross

2:00 time

<file>

Q: Cc giao thc khc ca con ngi?

Introduction 1-9

Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
Introduction 1-10

Mt ci nhn cn cnh v cu trc mng:

Lin quan: cc ng

dng v cc host Li:

routers Mng ca cc mng

Truy cp mng,

thit b vt l: cc lin kt truyn thng

Introduction 1-11

Vn lin quan:
H thng u cui

(hosts):

Chy cc chng trnh ng dng V d: Web, email Ti ngoi bin ca mng client tip n cc yu cu, nhn cc dch v t server V d: Web browser/server; email client/server ti thiu (hoc khng) dng server ring V d: Skype, BitTorrent, KaZaA

M hnh client/server

M hnh peer-peer:

Introduction

1-12

Dch v connection-oriented
gia cc h thng u cui Bt tay: thit lp (chun b) trc cho vic truyn d liu

Mc tiu: truyn d liu

TCP service [RFC 793]

Tin cy, an ton truyn d

liu theo dng byte

Mt mt: thng bo v truyn li bn gi khng ln t bn nhn bn gi gim tc truyn khi mng b nghn

Hello, hello back human protocol thit lp trng thi trong 2 hosts truyn thng

iu khin lung:

TCP - Transmission

Gii quyt tc nghn:

Control Protocol

Dch v connectionoriented ca Internet

Introduction

1-13

Vn lin quan: dch v khng kt ni

Mc tiu: d liu c
truyn gia cc h thng u cui

Cc ng dng dng TCP:

HTTP (Web), FTP (file

same as before!

UDP - User Datagram

Protocol [RFC 768]: Khng kt ni Truyn khng tin cy Khng iu khin lung d liu Khng gii quyt tc nghn

transfer), Telnet (remote login), SMTP (email)

Cc ng dng dng UDP:

streaming media, hi

tho t xa, DNS, in thoi Internet

Introduction 1-14

Chng 1
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Cc vn lin quan n mng 1.3 Cc vn chnh ca mng 1.4 Cc thit b vt l 1.5 Cu trc Internet v ISP 1.6 S tr & mt mt trong cc mng chuyn mch gi 1.7 Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.8 Lch s
Introduction 1-15

Cc vn chnh
li cc router ni kt vi

nhau

Cu hi chnh: d liu
c truyn thng qua mng nh th no? Chuyn mch: mch chuyn dng: mng in thoi Chuyn gi: d liu truyn qua mng vi cc gi ri rc chunks
Introduction 1-16

Chuyn mch
Cc thit b u cui dnh ring cho gi
lin kt bng thng,

kh nng chuyn mch Ti nguyn c quyn: khng chia s Hiu sut bo m Yu cu thit lp cuc gi

Introduction

1-17

Chuyn mch
Ti nguyn mng (nh bandwidth) phn chia thnh cc mnh
Mi mnh c cp pht chia bng thng lin kt

thnh cc mnh Chia theo tn s Chia theo thi gian

cho mi cuc gi Mnh rnh ri nu khng s dng cho cuc gi (khng chia s)

Introduction

1-18

Chuyn mch: FDM vTDM

V d: FDM 4 users Tn s Thi gian TDM

Tn s Thi gian

Introduction

1-19

V d
Tn bao nhiu thi gian gi 1 file dung

lng 640,000 bits t host A n host B thng qua mng chuyn mch?
Tt c lin kt l 1.536 Mbps Mi lin kt dng TDM vi 24 slots/giy 500 mili giy thit lp mch gia hai thit b u cui

Hy gii bi tp ny!
Introduction 1-20

Chuyn mch gi
Mi dng d liu c chia thnh cc gi Cc gi A, B chia s cc ti nguyn mng mi gi dng ht bng thng lin kt Cc ti nguyn c dng theo nhu cu
Bng thng chia thnh cc mnh Cp pht c quyn Dnh sn ti nguyn

Tranh chp ti nguyn: tng s yu cu ti nguyn c th vt qu lng c sn Tc nghn: hng i cc gi, ch dng lin kt Gi li v chuyn tip (store-and-forward): cc gi dch chuyn qua 1 hop ti mt thi im

Nt nhn ton b gi trc khi chuyn tip

Introduction

1-21

Chuyn mch gi: Statistical Multiplexing

A B
100 Mb/s Ethernet

statistical multiplexing
1.5 Mb/s

Hng i cc gi ch xut i

Chui cc gi A & B khng c khun mu c nh m chia s theo yu cu statistical multiplexing. TDM: mi host ly cng slot theo chu k TDM frame.
Introduction 1-22

Chuyn mch gi: store-and-forward

L R R R

Tn L/R giy truyn

(y qua) gi c L bits ln ng lin kt R bps Ton b gi phi n router trc khi c th truyn sang lin kt k tip: store and forward delay = 3L/R (gi s tr khi lan truyn trn mng bng 0)

V d: L = 7.5 Mbits R = 1.5 Mbps delay = 15 giy

Introduction

1-23

Chuyn gi v chuyn mch

Chuyn gi cho php nhiu ngi dng chung mt mng
Lin kt 1 Mb/giy Mi ngi c: 100 kb/giy khi kch hot kch hot 10% thi gian chuyn mch: 10 ngi dng chuyn gi: Vi 35 ngi dng, xc sut kch hot > 10 s nh hn 0.0004

N ngi dng Lin kt 1 Mbps

Lm sao tnh ra c gi tr 0.0004?

Introduction

1-24

Chuyn gi v chuyn mch

Chuyn gi l ngi chin thng tt c?
Tuyt vi i vi vic bng n d liu

Chia s ti nguyn n gin nht, khng cn thit lp cuc gi Tc nghn qu mc: gi tr v mt cc giao thc cn thit cho truyn d liu tin cy v gii quyt tc nghn Hi: Lm th no h tr cho dng chuyn mch? Bo m bng thng cn thit cho cc ng dng audio/video Cn 1 vn cha gii quyt (xem chng 7)
Hi: so snh vi con ngi trong vic d tr ti nguyn (chuyn mch) v cp pht theo yu cu (chuyn gi)?
Introduction 1-25

Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
Introduction 1-26

Truy cp mng v thit b vt l

Lm sao kt ni h thng u cui vo router?
cc mng truy cp ring cc mng truy cp c t

chc (trng, cng ty) cc mng truy cp di ng

Lu :
bandwidth (bit/giy) ca

cc mng truy cp? chia s hay c quyn?

Introduction 1-27

Truy cp ring: point to point (im im)

Quay s qua modem

Truy cp trc tip vo router, tc ln n 56Kbps Khng th va truy cp va gi in ti cng thi im

ADSL:

Ti ln 1 Mbps (thng < 256 kbps) Ti xung 8 Mbps (thng < 1 Mbps) FDM: 50 kHz - 1 MHz cho ti xung

4 kHz - 50 kHz cho ti ln 0 kHz - 4 kHz cho in thoi thng thng

Introduction 1-28

Truy cp ring: cable modems

HFC: hybrid fiber coax

Bt ng b: ti xung vi 30Mbps, ti ln vi 2 Mbps Mng ca cp ni t nh n router ca ISP chia s ti nguyn vi router Phn phi: sn sng thng qua cp ca cc cng ty truyn hnh cp

Introduction

1-29

Truy cp ring: cable modems

Diagram: http://www.cabledatacomnews.com/cmic/diagram.html

Introduction

1-30

Kin trc mng cp: Tng quan

T 500 n 5,000 nh

Trung tm Mng phn b cp (n gin) nh

Introduction

1-31

Kin trc mng cp: Tng quan

server

Trung tm Mng phn b cp nh

Introduction

1-32

Kin trc mng cp: Tng quan

Trung tm Mng phn b cp nh

Introduction

1-33

Kin trc mng cp: Tng quan

FDM:
V I D E O 1 V I D E O 2 V I D E O 3 V I D E O 4 V I D E O 5 V I D E O 6 D A T A 7 D A T A 8 C O N T R O L 9

Cc knh

Trung tm Mng phn b cp nh

Introduction

1-34

Truy cp ti cng ty: mng cc b (local area network)

mng cc b-local area

network (LAN) ca cng ty/trng hc ni h thng u cui vi router Ethernet: lin kt chia s hoc c quyn ni h thng u cui vi router 10 Mbs, 100Mbps, Gigabit Ethernet LAN: chng 5
Introduction 1-35

Cc mng truy cp khng dy

mng truy cp khng dy chia

s kt ni h thng u cui vi router

Thng qua thit b c s gi l access point

router Trm c s

LAN khng dy (wireless): 802.11b/g (WiFi): 11 hoc 54 Mbps Truy cp khng dy din rng H tr bi cc cng ty in thoi 3G ~ 384 kbps Chng no thnh hin thc?? GPRS chu u v M

Hosts di ng

Introduction

1-36

Mng gia nh
Cc thnh phn tiu biu gm: ADSL hoc cable modem router/firewall/NAT Ethernet access point khng dy
wireless laptops wireless access point
Introduction 1-37

n/t trung tm

cable modem

router/ firewall Ethernet

Phng tin vt l
Bit: lan truyn gia thit b

truyn v nhn Lin kt vt l: l ci g nm gia thit b truyn v nhn Phng tin dn ng:

Cp xon (TP) 2 dy ng c lp

Loi 3: dy in thoi, 10 Mbps Ethernet Loi 5: 100Mbps Ethernet

Cc tn hiu lan truyn trn cc thit b: dy ng, cp quang, cp ng trc

Phng tin khng dn

ng :

Tn hiu lan truyn t do, v d sng radio

Introduction 1-38

Phng tin vt l: cp ng trc, cp quang

Cp ng trc:
2 dy dn bng ng

Cp quang:
si thy tinh mang giao

cng tm tn hiu truyn 2 chiu Bng tn c s:

ng nh sng, mi giao ng l 1 bit Hot ng tc cao:

Knh n trn cp legacy Ethernet

Truyn point-to-point tc cao (10-100 Gps)

Bng tn rng: a knh trn cp HFC

T l li thp: truyn c

nhng khong cch rt xa; khng b nhiu in t

Introduction

1-39

Phng tin vt l: sng radio

tn hiu mang di dng

Cc kiu lin kt radio:

vi sng mt t Cc knh tc n 45 Mbps LAN (nh Wifi) 11Mbps, 54 Mbps Din rng (cellular) V d 3G: hng trm kbps V tinh Knh t Kbps n 45Mbps (hoc chia nhiu knh nh) tr 270 msec gia 2 thit b u cui gi khong cch c nh vi mt t, cao thp Introduction 1-40

sng in t khng c ni dy vt l truyn hai chiu cc tc ng mi trng lan truyn:

b phn x b cc chng ngi vt cn tr b nhiu

Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
Introduction 1-41

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

roughly hierarchical khng c th bc Trung tm: lp-1 l cc ISP (v d: MCI, Sprint, AT&T,

Cable and Wireless), bao trm cc quc gia/ton th gii i x nh nhau

Lp-1 cung cp cc kt ni ring (peer)

Lp 1 ISP

NAP

Lp-1 cng cung cp cc kt ni cng cng (network access points-NAP)

Lp 1 ISP

Lp 1 ISP

Introduction

1-42

Lp-1 ISP: v d Sprint

Mng Sprint US backbone
DS3 (45 Mbps) OC3 (155 Mbps) OC12 (622 Mbps) OC48 (2.4 Gbps)

Seattle Tacoma

POP: point-of-presence

to/from backbone
Stockton San Jose Cheyenne

Kansas City .

peering

Chicago Roachdale

New York Pennsauken Relay Wash. DC

Anaheim

Atlanta

to/from customers Fort Worth

Orlando Introduction 1-43

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Lp-2 cc ISP nh hn (thng l ISP vng) Ni kt mt hoc nhiu ISPs lp-1, cng c th mt s ISP lp-2

ISP Lp-2 gip ISP lp-1 ISP kt ni vi phn cn li ca Internet Lp-2 ISP l khch hng ca ISP lp-1

Lp-2 ISP

Lp-2 ISP

Lp-1 ISP

NAP

ISP Lp2 cng kt ni ring vi nhau, ni lin vi NAP Lp-2 ISP

Lp-1 ISP
Lp-2 ISP

Lp-1 ISP
Lp-2 ISP

Introduction

1-44

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

ISP Lp-3 v ISP a phng (local ISP) hop cui cng truy xut)mng (gn cc h thng u cui nht)
local ISP ISP a phng v lp-3 l khch hng ca cc lp cao hn, kt ni chng vi phn cn li ca Internet Lp-3 ISP Lp-2 ISP local ISP Lp-2 ISP

local ISP

local ISP

Lp 1 ISP

NAP

Lp 1 ISP
Lp-2 ISP local local ISP ISP

Lp 1 ISP
Lp-2 ISP local ISP

Lp-2 ISP local ISP

Introduction 1-45

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Mt gi phi i qua nhiu mng!

local ISP

Tier 3 ISP Tier-2 ISP

local ISP

local ISP Tier-2 ISP

local ISP

Tier 1 ISP

NAP

Tier 1 ISP
Tier-2 ISP local local ISP ISP

Tier 1 ISP
Tier-2 ISP local ISP

Tier-2 ISP local ISP

Introduction 1-46

Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
Introduction 1-47

Mt mt v tr xy ra nh th no?
Cc gi xp hng trong b m ca router
t l cc gi n ln hn kh nng xut i cc gi xp hng, ch n lt xut

Gi chun b truyn (tr)

A B
Cc gi xp hng (tr) B m cn rnh (sn sng): cc gi n s b b (mt mt) nu khng cn ch rnh

Introduction

1-48

4 nguyn nhn ca tr
1. x l ti nt: kim tra li xc nh ng xut 2. xp hng thi gian ch i truyn ph thuc vo mc tc nghn ca router

A B

Truyn Lan truyn

X l ti nt Sp hng
Introduction 1-49

4 nguyn nhn ca tr
3. Truyn tr: R= lin kt bandwidth (bps) L=chiu di gi (bits) thi gian gi cc bit= L/R
Truyn Lan truyn

4. Lan truyn tr: d = di ca ng lin kt vt l s = tc lan truyn trong thit b (~2x108 m/s) tr lan truyn = d/s
Ch : s v R c n v tnh khc nhau!
Introduction

A B

X l ti nt Sp hng
1-50

So snh vi on xe
100 km 10 xe ng l ph ng l ph 100 km

Cc xe lan truyn vi tc

Thi gian hon thnh

100 km/g Thi gian ng l ph mi xe l 12 s (thi gian truyn) xe ~ bit; on xe ~ gi Mt bao lu on xe mi n im ng l ph th 2?

ng l ph cho c on l = 12*10 = 120 s Thi gian xe cui cng lan truyn t v tr 1 n v tr 2 l: 100km/(100km/s)= 1 s p n: 62 pht
Introduction 1-51

So snh vi on xe
100 km 10 xe ng l ph ng l ph 100 km

Cc xe by gi lan

C! Sau 7 pht, xe th nht

truyn vi tc 1000 km/g Thi gian ng l ph mi xe l 1 pht C xe no s n c v tr th 2 trc khi c on xe ng xong l ph?

n c v tr th 2 v 3 xe vn cn ti v tr 1. bit th 1 ca gi c th n ti router th 2 trc khi gi c truyn xong ti souter 1!

Xem Ethernet applet ti AWL Web site

Introduction 1-52

Tr ti nt
d nodal d proc d queue d trans d prop
dproc = tr x l khong mt vi micro giy hoc t hn dqueue = tr xp hng ph thuc tc nghn dtrans = tr truyn = L/R, ng k vi cc lin kt tc thp dprop = tr lan truyn mt vi micro giy hoc hng trm mili giy

Introduction

1-53

Tr xp hng
R=lin kt bandwidth

(bps) L= di gi (bits) A=t l gi n trung bnh

Cng lu thng= La/R

La/R ~ 0: tr trung bnh nh La/R -> 1: tr ln La/R > 1: nhiu vic n qu kh nng phc v,

tr trung bnh v hn!

Introduction 1-54

Tr v dn ng trn Internet thc t

Tr v mt mt trn Internet thc t ging nh

th no? chng trnh Traceroute: gip o c tr t ngun n ch. Vi tt c I:

gi 3 gi s n router I trn ng ti ch router I s tr v cc gi cho ngi gi

3 gi thm d

3 gi thm d

3 gi thm d
Introduction 1-55

Tr v dn ng trn Internet thc t

traceroute: gaia.cs.umass.edu n www.eurecom.fr
Ba gi tr tr t gaia.cs.umass.edu n cs-gw.cs.umass.edu
1 cs-gw (128.119.240.254) 1 ms 1 ms 2 ms 2 border1-rt-fa5-1-0.gw.umass.edu (128.119.3.145) 1 ms 1 ms 2 ms 3 cht-vbns.gw.umass.edu (128.119.3.130) 6 ms 5 ms 5 ms 4 jn1-at1-0-0-19.wor.vbns.net (204.147.132.129) 16 ms 11 ms 13 ms 5 jn1-so7-0-0-0.wae.vbns.net (204.147.136.136) 21 ms 18 ms 18 ms 6 abilene-vbns.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.11.9) 22 ms 18 ms 22 ms 7 nycm-wash.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.8.46) 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms trans-oceanic 8 62.40.103.253 (62.40.103.253) 104 ms 109 ms 106 ms link 9 de2-1.de1.de.geant.net (62.40.96.129) 109 ms 102 ms 104 ms 10 de.fr1.fr.geant.net (62.40.96.50) 113 ms 121 ms 114 ms 11 renater-gw.fr1.fr.geant.net (62.40.103.54) 112 ms 114 ms 112 ms 12 nio-n2.cssi.renater.fr (193.51.206.13) 111 ms 114 ms 116 ms 13 nice.cssi.renater.fr (195.220.98.102) 123 ms 125 ms 124 ms 14 r3t2-nice.cssi.renater.fr (195.220.98.110) 126 ms 126 ms 124 ms 15 eurecom-valbonne.r3t2.ft.net (193.48.50.54) 135 ms 128 ms 133 ms 16 194.214.211.25 (194.214.211.25) 126 ms 128 ms 126 ms 17 * * * * khng c phn hi (thm d b mt, router khng tr li) 18 * * * 19 fantasia.eurecom.fr (193.55.113.142) 132 ms 128 ms 136 ms
Introduction 1-56

Mt mt gi
hng i (b m) x l lin kt c kh nng

hu hn khi gi n hng i y, gi b b ri (ngha l mt) mt gi c th c truyn li t nt trc , ti h thng u cui ban u hoc khng truyn li g c

Introduction

1-57

Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
Introduction 1-58

Giao thc cc lp
Cc mng rt phc tp! nhiu mnh: hosts Routers cc lin kt hoc cc phng tin khc cc ng dng cc giao thc phn cng, phn mm C hy vng no t chc cu trc ca mng khng?

Introduction

1-59

T chc theo kiu hng khng

V (mua) Hnh l (kim tra) Cng (ti) ng bng ct cnh Chuyn chuyn Chuyn chuyn V (than phin) Hnh l (i hi) Cng (khng ti) ng bng h cnh Chuyn chuyn

mt chui cc bc
Introduction 1-60

Cc lp chc nng ca vn ti hng khng

ticket (purchase) baggage (check) gates (load) runway (takeoff) airplane routing
Ga i

ticket (complain) baggage (claim gates (unload) runway (land) airplane routing airplane routing airplane routing
Ga n

ticket baggage gate takeoff/landing airplane routing

Cc trung tm iu hnh trung chuyn

Cc lp: mi lp thc hin mt nhim v thng qua cc hot ng ca lp bn trong ca n ph thuc vo cc dch v cung cp bi lp bn di

Introduction

1-61

Ti sao phi phn lp?

Nhm x l vi cc h thng phc tp:
cu trc r rng nhm xc nh quan h gia cc

mnh ca h thng Tho lun phn lp m hnh tham chiu m-un ha lm d dng vic bo tr, cp nht h thng thay i vic hin thc cc dch v ca lp l trong sut vi phn cn li ca h thng v d: thay i th tc kim tra cng khng nh hng n cc phn cn li ca h thng kho st nhng iu c hi ca vic phn lp?
Introduction 1-62

Chng giao thc Internet

application: cung cp cc ng dng

mng

FTP, SMTP, HTTP

application transport network link physical

transport: x l d liu truyn TCP, UDP network: dn ng cho cc gi tin

t ngun n ch

IP, cc giao thc dn ng

link: d liu truyn gia cc lp ln

cn

PPP, Ethernet

physical: cc bit trn ng dy

Introduction 1-63

ngun
message segment Ht datagram Hn Ht frame Hl Hn Ht
M M M M

application transport network link physical

ng gi

link physical switch

ch
M Ht Hn Ht Hl Hn Ht M M M

application transport network link physical

Hn Ht Hl Hn Ht

M M

network link physical

Hn Ht

router

Introduction

1-64

Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
Introduction 1-65

Lch s pht trin Internet

1961-1972: Thi k c cc nguyn l chuyn gi
1961: Kleinrock chng 1972:

minh hiu qu ca chuyn gi 1964: Baran chuyn gi trong cc mng qun i 1967: ARPAnet hnh thnh t Advanced Research Projects Agency 1969: nt ARPAnet u tin hot ng

ARPAnet ph bin rng ri NCP (Network Control Protocol) giao thc host-host u tin chng trnh e-mail u tin ARPAnet c 15 nt

Introduction

1-66

Lch s pht trin Internet

1972-1980: Internetworking, cc mng ring v mi
1970: ALOHAnet mng v tinh

Hawaii 1974: Cerf v Kahn kin trc s ca mng ton cu 1976: Ethernet ti Xerox PARC nhng nm 70: kin trc: DECnet, SNA, XNA Cui nhng nm 70: chuyn cc gi di c nh (tin thn ca ATM) 1979: ARPAnet c 200 nt

Nguyn l mng ton cu ca Cerf v Kahn: yu cu ti thiu, t qunkhng thay i bn trong no c i hi m hnh dch v tt nht nh tuyn phi trng thi iu khin tp trung nh ngha kin trc ca Internet ngy nay

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Lch s pht trin Internet

1980-1990: cc giao thc mi, s gia tng pht trin
1983: xut bn TCP/IP 1982: nh ngha giao Cc mng quc gia mi:

thc email SMTP 1983: DNS nh ngha cch chuyn i tna ch IP 1985: giao thc FTP c nh ngha 1988: iu khin tc nghn TCP

Csnet, BITnet, NSFnet, Minitel 100,000 hosts c kt ni vo lin minh cc mng

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Lch s pht trin Internet

1990, nhng nm 2000: thng mi ha, Web, cc ng dng mi
nhng nm u 1990: ARPAnet

ngng hot ng 1991: NSF chm dt nhng hn ch ca NSFnet (ngng hot ng, 1995) nhng nm u 1990: Web hypertext [Bush 1945, Nelson 1960s] HTML, HTTP: Berners-Lee 1994: Mosaic, Netscape nhng nm cui 1990: thng mi ha Web

cui nhng nm 1990 nhng nm 2000:

Nhiu ng dng ra i: tin

nhn nhanh, chia s file P2P bo mt mng c lng khong 50 triu host, hn 100 triu ngi dng lin kt backbone chy vi tc Gbps

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Tng kt
Nm vng cc vn ! Tng quan v Internet Giao thc l g? Vn lin quan, li v truy cp mng Chuyn gi v chuyn mch Cu trc Internet/ISP Hiu sut: mt mt, tr Phn lp v m hnh dch v Lch s Bn c th: Suy xt, hnh dung v cm nhn v mng Nhiu vn chi tit hn c trnh by chng sau!

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