fidr; kdys is;

Ydia;%dpdh

.fKa.u irKxlr yshka isks

1963

Page

ixialD;sl fomd;fka;=j u.ska m%ldYs;hs'

fidr; kdys is;

,la nq iiqk taldf,dal l< myk ks .sfha h' ,la iiqkUf <sis <siS ;snqk myka
;rej ks .sfha h' ,l`.kf.a f., me< rejka ofuys w.Ks rejk w;=re oyka h' ,laj
m`jrekaf.a wkQmu woa;Sh m`jrhd fkdfmKS .sfha h' ,laj uyd ix>hd jykafiaf.a ks,
fkd,;a ix>rdc jrhd wmj;a h' isxy, .;a lrejka w;r fY%IaG;u .;alrejd wNdjhg .sfha
h' f,dalfha YajoHd,dm;Ska w;r uq ;hu Yaj oHd,hg lem l< tlu
Wml=,m;sjrhd ke;s .sfha h' foHdoh YajoHd,dm;s idys;HiQ idys;H pl%j;s mQcH
mKa; je,sfha fidr;dNsOdk kdhl udyshdkka jykafia wmj;a jQ fial' wfyda fLohls
ckau ,dNh
,laj nqiiakg me m`jreka keu;s Ksrejka ,nd fok r;akdlrhla n .d
m<df;a .sx.`. winv je,sh keue;s .%dujrfhys we;s Wiia mjq,a w;r l=udris chjOk
mjq, m%Odk ;ekla .Kshs' fldaf rdcOdksh fldg iQ yfjks mrdl%undyq rcqf.a iufhys
f;dg.uq ydrfha niakdhl Oqrh ref f l=udris chjOk mrmqf wdu uq;a;kqfjdah' f
mrmqrg wh;a fodka fcdydksia l=udris chjOk ffjoHdpdh jrhd yslalvqf kdhl
iajdkahka jykafiaf.a .Dyia: YsIHjrfhls' fudyq iqiq jhi meKs l,ays .d,af,a Wkjgqfka
u,aj;a; j,jg wh;a we,sia wurisxy ydfka iu`. merKs isxy, pd;%dkql+,j iqN irK
nkaOkhg we;=,;a h' wm l:dkdhl jrhdf.a ujq msfhda f fofmd,h' fudjqka g ,enqkq
orejka ifokdf.ka qu,a ;sfokd l=vd l, ld,ls%hd l< w;r mq;=ka fofofkla yd jla o j;a
jQy' mq;=ka fofokdf.ka jeuy,a mq;d pkaodi l=udris chjOkh' fudyq Wmkafka 1897 uehs
ui 23 fjks brek uEkshkaf.a .u jQ fldaodf.dvh' pkaodi iajlSh uq;a;kqjka jQ
fldodf.dv w,aia fhia iurl%u uy friag%d rd,yd ,`. k;rj t;=udf.a nEkkqjka jQ
m%ekaisia l%ur;ak .=Kfialr fkd;dia rd<yd isxy, .=rejrfhl= jYfhka ySkhk mdief,a
W.kajoa t;=udf.ka uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,enqfh' f w;r ta wi, msys rkaj,f.dv oHdjOk
msfjfKys o bf.K .;af;a h' fudyq iu`. tys W.;a YsIHhkaf.ka tlaflfkls miq l,l
mqrdoHd flduidiajr fikr;a mrK;dk uy;d'
meu
pkaodig jeuy,a ifydaorhka ;sfofkl= l=vdl, h .sh neka mif<dia ye Tyq
uyK lrKq leu;s l=udrodi fjo uy;d ;ud;a iu`. foHdoh msfjfKa tlg bf.K.;a ;u
;% yslalvqf ;s,ldrdudm;s lyf fmur;k uyd ia:rmdohdkka jykafia g ndr lf<a h'
Wka jykafia 1912'10'15 fjks kg fhkq iqN kel;ska uyK fldg je,sfha fidr; hhs
l=vd fyrK mdkkag k l<y' l=vd l, isg bf.KSfuys w;sYhska olaIl lajQ fidr;
idufKar ku lgmdv lsug ka yeu fmd;la u fndfyda blaukska lgmdv lf<a h'
Oumofha .d:d 423" k lSmhla ;=< lgmdv lf<a h' f kj, uyskao oHd,fha Oumo
Nd.hla meje;aks' ta i|yd m<df;a idufKrjre ;sy y;<syla muK bm;a jQy' fidr;
idufKarhka jykafia o bm;a tys m%uqLhdg ksh; ;Hd.h kd .;ay' fidr; hk kduh
m<df;a NslaIQka jykafia,d w;r ydmqrd lshd me;sr .sfha f Oumo lgmdv Nd.fha
ch.%yKfhka h' iycfhka bf.KSu ms%h l< fidr; idufKrfhda iajlSh .=re yduqrejka
f.ka w: wiajdf.K m%dk m%drN Nd.hg ksh; fmd;a Wf.K tu Nd.hg fmkS isg
,xldfu m%Odkshd f,i mkaif,au ^msfjkla weiqre fkdfldg u& iu: jQy'

Page

1917 jk g Wmimodug iqiq jhi meKsfhka uykqjr u,aj;= ydrfha

Wfmdi:iSud ud,lfha ;u W.;a lu ms<sn| olaIlfuka uykqjr ix> iNdj u; lrjka
Wmimodj ,enQ fidr; ;reK NsCIqjrhdg" foHdoh mfjKdm;sj jeviQ uyf.dv Y%S
{dfkaYajr kdhl udysmdkka jykafia;a lyf Y%S fmaur;k" yslalvqf Y%S fmudkkao hk
uyd ia:rhka jykafia,d foku;a wdpdhjrfhda jQy'

Wmimodu

foHdoh msfjKg meKSu

Wmimod jQ jI_fha u ^1971& foHdoh msfjKg we;=,a jQ fidr; ysfhda wjidk
j.fha bf.KSu lroa u ^1922& tl, foHdoh mfjKdm;sj jev iQ lyf Y%S r;akidr
kdhl udyshka iska wdpdh mohlg o m;a lrK ,oy' 1923 fyj;a wdpdhmohg m;a jQ
jI_fha u m%dk wjidk Nd.fhka b;d Wiia f,i iu:j iajK uqsldj o kd.;a fidr;
yduqrejka jykafiaf.a W.;alu ms<sn| rdjh foHdoh YsIHhka w;r jd;f.fhka fuka me;sr
.sfha h' lyf kdyshkaf.a wejEfuka foHdoh mfjKdm;s mohg m;a jQ noafoa.u Y%S
mshr;k kdyshkaf.a ld,fhys ^1936 & mQcH mKa; je,sfha fidar; iajdmdofhda foHdoh
msfjfKa Wm m%Odk Oqrhg m;a jQy' bka l l,lg miq ,xldKavqf YsIH;ajhla ,en
bkahdjg f.dia l,algd Yaj oHd,fha jI_ lSmhla Ydia;%Sh mfhIKhl fh isg fmr,d
,xldjg jehy'
;s%msgl mj;_kfha m%Odk l;_D Oqrh
2500 nqoaO chka;s ufyda;aijh fjkqfjka rch iska kshu lr.;a ;s%msgl fm<;a iu.
isxy,g ke.Su ms<sn| uKav,fha iNdm;s yehg;a" tu .%ka: ud,df m%Odk l;_Djrhd yehg;a
fidr; kdyshka jykafia m;alr .kq ,enQy' 1954 isg wmj;a jk l,a olajdu Wkajykafia
fuu ldhfhys kshqla; j is fial'
ix> kdhl Oqrhg m;au
l=Yd.% nqoau;a m`jrfhl= jYfhka yd ckms%hd wdpdhjrfhl= jYfhka ,enQ lS;sh
iska fmd,Ujk ,o uykqjr u,aj;af;a ix> iNdj foHdoh msfjfKa Wm m%Odkdpdh
mKa; je,sfha fidr; iajdkahka jykafia g .d fldar,fha m%Odk ix> kdhl moh
mskefuka ish m%idoh m<l<dy' wNskj kdhl mohg m;afuka Y%S fidr; kdhl
iajdkahka jykafia ish ksldfha uyd ix> iNdjg f.!rjhla jQy' kdhl lu ,eu ms<sn|
lsisu W;aijhla" lsisu fYIhla fkd lajQ wm okakd tlu NslaIqka jykafia fidr; kdyshka
jykafia h'
mfjKdm;s Oqrh
noafoa.u mshr;k kdhl udyshdkka jykafia wikSmfhka iQ ld,fha iu
mfjKdm;s Oqrh ord Wkajkafiaf.a wejEfuka ysia jQ foHdoh mfjKdm;s mohg m;a
lrKq ,enQ fidr; kdhl iajdkahka jykafiaf.a uyd mdKa;Hhg;a" l=Yd.% nqoahg;a ,shQ
fmd;a j,g;a wkQmu Nd.Hhg;a mrK ;dmamhlska jgjQ wlalr mylg iSud jQ foHdoh msfjK
m%udKj;a fkdh' furg ,enQ ksoyi;a" tl, mej;s wdKavqj;a" isxy, NdIdj rdcH NdIdj u;a"
fmd ck m%fndaOh;a jeks n, f. lSmhla fidr; kdyshka jykafiaf.a Nd.Hhg wdjvkakg
h' ld,h iska ujk ,o fkdfhl=;a wjYH;dfjda fidr; kdhl yduqrejkaf.a olaI;djg;a
Nd.Hhg;a foHdoh mfjKdm;slu m%udKj;a fkdjk nj lshkakg jQy'

Page

1956 fhka Wod jQ nKavdrkdhl wdKavqj isxy, rdcH NdIdj fldg th ls%hdf fhdojkq
i|yd f rf isxy, idys;Hhg fiajhla isl< merKs" cd;sl wdh;k folla jQ foHdoh
msfjK yd oHd,xldr msfjK;a YajoHd,h ;;a;ajhg m;a lf<a h' fidr; kdhl
iajdkahka jykafia foHdoh YajoHd,fha wm;s mohg w.%dKavqldr;=ud iska m;a lrK
,oy' iqiaidg iqiq ;k;=r ,enqfka h' olaIlu ls%hdf fhdokakg wjia:dj ,enqfka h' ,ys
,ysfha jev wdrN h' mKa; m,kakref u,Ou kdhl yduqrejka jykafia yd wdpdh
wdkkao .=ref.a uy;d jeks w;s olaI iydhlhka fofofkl=f.a Wo ,enqfka h' jI_ fol
;=klg iSudjQ iaj,am ld,hla ;=< w.kqjr wi, .xf.dv, oY_kSh Yd, N+ Nd.hl fo;=ka
uy,a uyd m%dido uejqfkah' weiQ gqjka u; lrka ,ore YajoHd,h wjqre i;rla ;=<
;reK YajoHd,hla njg m;a h' w;solaI YajoHd,dm;s jrfhl=f.ka yd olaI uydpdh

Yaj oHd,dm;s Oqrh

lldpdhjrhkaf.kao t;r f,aLldldjrfhl=f.ka yd m%.;sYS,S .sysme YsIHhkaf.ka o

hq;a foHdoh YajoHd,h wjqre iail m,mqre l ;,;=kdl lshdmdhs' f ish,af,ysu
ksud;Djrhd fidr; kdhl udyshka jykafia h'
.;s.=K
fkdWiafkd Yla;su;a ksfrda. isrerla we;s fidar; kdhl udyshkaf.a ;reK
ld,fhys uqyqfKys Ydka; Ndjh ;=<ska wdvnr nj;a m%;dmj;a Ndjh yd ksNS; Ndjh;a iah'
ks;ru / nq,;a ka uqj ieriS we;' weia fol jg l=reh' .eUqre foa olakd ;r ;shqKqh'
mq,a k,,a ;<fhka hq;a ysi nqoafhka ms we;s nj fmkajhs' .eUqre lgy`v wm;s Ndjh
fmkajhs' l:dj wjxlh" flh' jKkd w;sYfhdala;s rys;h' .uk fyka h' nrh' ;df,gh'
fidr; kdhl yduqrejka jykafia oCI f,aLlfhls' woCI llfhls' m%isoaO iNdj,
lrK l:d ckms%h;ajfhka f;drh' l:d l< hq;af;a msi i;=gq lsughhs Wka jykafia lsis
fgl;a fkdis;+y' Wka jykafiag kE lf<a yDoh idCIshg wkqj i;Hh muKla l:d lsuhs'
tneka ta l:d wjxl Ndjfhka yd i;H fhka ms we;' tfy;a we;e g m%isoaO mqj;a m;a
j,ska mjd fpkhg ,lah' foaYmd,k{fhda;a mQclfhda;a .=rejre;a l=yllka hqla;hhs
m%isoaOh' tfy;a fidar; kdhl yduqrefjda l=yllu l=ulahs fkdoks;s' ksiqka wksla ksiqka
ukskafka ta ta oDIafldkhkf.ks' fidar; kdyshkaf.a .;s.=K yd woyia Woyia flfrys
fkdfhla fokd fkdfhla fkdfhla oDIa fkdakj,ska uek we;e g Wka jykafia .ek jer
wjfndaO we;s lr f.k is;s' l=yl lula ke;s neka Wka jykafia ;=< msys fY%aIaG .;s.=K
fndfydauhla jeiS ;snqfka h' Wka jykafia ksy;udksh' hqla;s .relh' ldreKslh' ;;a;ajfhka
Wiia fjkakg fjkakg wkqlmd iy.;jQy' p;h w;sYhska mish" wysxilh" is,aj;ah'
;fhka je ld,hla .; lf<a;a" wdY%h lf<a;a OuYdia;%Sh fmd;am;a iu.h' Wka jyakfia
kshu h;sjrfhls' ienE uyd;aufhls' uyd;aulu Wkajykafiaf.a hm;=f,a isg ysi olajdu
;snqKs'
ls%hd l,dmh w;sYhska u ir,h' ieye,ah' j<|kakg f.dia Kq ke;" weUq,a ke;" ri
ke;ehs lsis fkl fkdlSy' ;uka j<|k yeu fohla u ;uka ,`. isk yeu fokdgu
wi,ajeis ys;j;a yeu fokdgu fnod j<|kakg mqrej ishy' jkd isjqre fmdrjkakg je
leue;a;la ke;' ;uka yuqjkakg tk wh w;r fyd|u ys;j;dg l< f,dl= ie,ls,a,la k
yl=re;a iu. f;a uhs' ;kshu lsis kl fudfgdafhka fkd.shy' ljqreka fyda wkka
flfkl= yuqjqjfyd;a u. y kxjd .Ks;s' Wkajykafiaf.ka kEu fohla b,ajd .;yels
kEu fohla lrjd .; yels fyd|u f,dj ojd,g j<|d ie;fmkakg hk f,dj w;r
ld,hhs'
ckms%hd wdpdhjrhd
fidar; kdhl yduqrefjda W.ekaug w;soCIh' tl lreKla myod fokq i|yd fkdfhla
fmd; m;ska WodyrK f.k olaj;s' wij,a jpkh ;sfnkafka wij,a fmdf;a wij,a msgqfhhs
lSug ;r fmd;aj, msgq wxl mjd u;lh' isxy," md,s" ixialD; yd m%dlD; NdId j,ska ,sh
we;s merKs yeu fmd;lau lshjd we;' bx.%Sis kjl:d muKla y;aishhla lshjd we;' foHdoh
msfjfKa W.;a YsIHfhl= ;u W.;a lka iEySug m;a jkafka fidar; kdhl yduqrejkaf.ka
tl wjqreoaolaj;a bf.k.;fyd;a muKls' yeu YsIHfhla u ;u fY%aIaG wdpdhjrhd .ek
wdvnr fj;s' jI_ ;sia myla muK jQ ; ld,h ;=< Wka jykafiaf.ka W.;a .sys me
YsIHfhda oyia .Kkla ,laj yeu me;a;lu mdfya Wiia ;eka ,nd is;s' merKs wOHdmkfhka
jevqkq Wka jykafia kk wOHdmk{hl=g wjYH il,dx.hka f.ka imQKhy'

Page

idhk mdKskS;a nqoaOf>daI udys yd .=re f.daka fidar; kdhl udyshka ;=< tljru
lal yels fj;s' oyy;rfjks i;jI_fha iQ f;dg.uqf Y%S rdyq, udys;a oykjfjks Y;jI_fha
iQ yslalvqf Y%S iqux., udys;a is fjks Y;jI_fha iQ je,sfha Y%S fidar; kdhl udys;a

nyqY%e; m`jrhd

tla fkdlu ;=kajrla bmfuka my< jQ mqkrdj;drhla f,i ug yef`.a' Uq,d., uyd ldYHm"
OulS;s" jkr;k" Y%S rdyq," Y%S iqux.,d" merKs isxy, me m` mrmqf wka;su mqrel fidar;
kdyshka f,i ug isf;a' Wka jykafia judk cx.u mqia;ld,hls'
,shQ fmd;aj,ska lSmhla
1' m%dlD; iQla;s u[ac'
2' isxy, oY l=udr p;h'
3' jD;a;r;akdlr ir,djHdLHd'
4' oy fid`vldjH ^ml:dj&'
5' uhqr ifJoY ia;r jKkdj'
6' nq;airK .egmo jrKh' 1" 3 ldKav'
7' mfr ixfoaY ml:dj'
8' ti|eia ,l=Kq i[ajkS jHdLHd'
9' lisKs l,am,;d jHdLHd'
10' fi!kaorkkao ldjH l,am,;d jHdLHdj'
11' wudj;=r .egmo jrKh'
12' l:d;rx.sKS'
13' l:duD;h'
14' mdie,a oji'
15' idys;Hfiajkh'
16' ysrdifJoY ia;r jKkdj'
17' yxiifJoY ia;r jKkdj'
18' ioaOur;akdlr .egmo jrKh ^ldKavhla&'
19' mQcdj,S .egmo jrKh ^ldKavhla&'
20' l=Ycd;l ldjH ix.%yh'
21' ldjHfYaLr .egmo jrKh'
22' o<od myk ^o<od isf;ys ml:dj&'
23' ixialD;YodKjh'
24' Y%S iqux., YofldaIh'

'''

''' wdkkafodaoh

'''

1921 iema;en 15-ldKav 1

Page

ksrela;s

,shQ Ydia;%Sh ,smsj,ska lSmhla

l=ula iemo

'''

''' tu

'''

1922 uehs 10

iajia:;d ixialrKh ''' tu

'''

1922 wf.daia;=-ldKav 2

wfma NdIdj

'''

''' tu

'''

1923 ckjd-ldKav 5

mD:q.Nh

'''

''' tu

'''

1923 Tlaf;dan

uy;aYoh

'''

''' tu

'''

1924 wfma%,a

uqjfood jrKh

''' Y%S Ou Y%S

'''

1923 wf.daia;=

tu

''' tu

'''

1923 Tlaf;dan

tu

''' tu

'''

2923 foien

ksrela;s miNsod

''' tu

'''

1924 wfm%a,a-uehs

isxy,ldrl,laIK

''' foHdoh 1-4

'''

^1926& ckjd-wfm%a,a

fojeks merl=nd rcqf.a .oHlD;sh

'''

1936

fmr ,lajeishd yd ,s n,h

'''

1938

mdjpko m%djpk o@

''' m%dk NdfIdmldr iud.f jdIsl ix.%yh" 1943

md,s fmd;ays jer ;sfnk ;eka lSmhla

'''

1944

fi!JorkJo ldjH

'''

1945

fn!oaO ixialD; .%ka: ''' tu

'''

1945

lisK

'''

1946

''' foHdoh

'''

Page

fidar; kdhl yduqrejkaf.a uq ;hu mrd:h i|yd lem we;' uyK jQ k isg
wmj;a jQ k f;la Wka jykafia f.a ld,h" Yla;sh" {dkh yd Okh imQKfhka u fhfka
iajlSh rg" cd;sh" wd.u yd NdId idys;H i|ydh' ksurd la| bf.k .;ay' Wka jykafiaf.a
wdhqIfhka je yhla fmd;a bf.KSu" W.ekau" fmd;a ne,Su" fmd;a ,su i|yd .; we;'
lE b ysgq wd lsisu bhjl iqj myiqj .ek fkd;el+y' foHdoh msfjfKys we;s
l=vd ldur follska yd biaf;damamqjlska hq;a merKs l=h ;=< jQ wiqkl jd tla mfilska
nq,;a fymamqjla o wfkla miska mlalula o we;=j fmd;a n,ka fyda ,shka iskq ks;r
olakg ,enqks' tys ;sfnk fmd;a w,aud lSmfhysu wjYH w.kd iEu fmd;la u h' ,laj
lla l:d fldg yq`.la jev l< .sys me W;=uka w;r fidar; kdhl yduqrejka o
tlaflfkls' nqka jykafia NslaIQka i|yd kshu l< Ojdl:d wfhd jd ;=KaySNdfjd ^l:d
lrf;d;a Odl l:djla u l<hq;=h ke;sk wdh ksYaYo nj h hq;=h'& hkak fidar;
kdhl udysfhda wl=rgu ms<smeoaody' jhia.; jQjdhska miqj;a iqfLdamfNda.S ;hla .;
lrkakg kE hhs kslugj;a fkdis;+ Wka jykafia ;uka i|yd .xf.dv, YajoHd,h
N+fha ;kjd we;s w,xldr ukarfhys jdih lsu m%;sfCIm fldg th iNdjkSh wuq;a;ka
i|yd fhoug ;SrKh lr.;ay' YajoHd,hdm;sjrhd jYfhka ;uka jykafiag ,enqk
uqo,ska iq .Kkla f.k je fldgila ^re'50"000lg je& Yaj oHd,hg m;Hd. l<y'
foHdoh YajoHd,hSh mqia;ld,h ;j fkdfnda l,lska uq wdishdfu we;s wx. imQK
Yd, mqia;ld,h jkq we;' ta i|yd Wka jykafia fkd.;a W;aidyhla ke;' merKs ,shlsh,s
Ndr fomd;fka;=j i|yd mqia;ld,fhka fldgila ug leu;s jQy' mqia;ld,fhys tla

fiajhg lem l< ;hla

fl!;=l jia;= imhd .kq i|yd Wka jykafia .d" ud;r" Wvrg" l=reKE., wd fkdfhla
m<d;aj, mqrdK ydria:dk j,g f.dia b,a,d f.k jq;a ;ekam;a fldg we;s fl!;=l jia;=
fndfydah' mqrdK ldis j._ rdYshla ,ndf.k we;' Yaj oHd,hdm;s fuka miq Wka jykafia
W.ekau yd fmd;a ,su k;r fldg YajoHd,fhys f.dvke.s,s ;eku i|yd ld,h;a"
Yla;sh;a" nqoah;a fhojQy' tla w;lska muKla fkdj fkdfhla w;ska oCIfhla jQ kdhl
udysfhda .Dy ksudK Ys,amSkago Wmfoia kay' we;e g f.dvke.s,s j, we;e ;eka lvjd
fjkia lrjQy' YajoHd,h N+hg wyiska jefgk j;=r mjd wmf;a fkdhk f,i Yd, j<la
lkjd tajd tys /f|k yehg ie,eiajQy' nKavdrfj, kqjrt,sh jeks m%foaYj,g jeh yeu
.uklu fkdfhla u,a weg me,cd;s f.kjq;a u,a jjkakdg kay' YajoHd, N+h ueo
w,xldr mqIafmdaoHdkhla ;kjd we;' fmd,a me, ;e,s me, ta ta iqiq ;ekays fiajlhka ,jd
ysgqu jeks iq jefvys mjd fhkdy'
YsIHfhda;a wdpdh jre;a" ks,Odyq;a" fiajlfhda;a yeu meKs,a,lau kEu f,djl
Wka jykafia yuq l<y' tajd lror yehg fkdis;+y' Wka jykafiaf.a ldhd,h ,`. uqrg
fiajlfhla fkdisfha h' we;e wh w; Wiaid h kj;ajd we;e la .eK,s lshQy' fun
wjia:d .ek Wka jykafia lsmqfka ke;' foHdoh mjfjKdm;sj is ld,fhysg jvd ish
.=Khlska YajoHd,hdm;s fuka miq ksy;udkS jQy' ,x h yels jQy' wysxil jQy' ldreKsl
jQy' wkqlmd iy.; jQy' Wka jykafia w;sYhska lD;{ jQy' tneka u Yaj oHd,h wdrN
lsf w;sYh w.kd oCI iydhla ka wdkkao .=ref.a uy;df.a yd m%uqLdpdh mKa;
m,kafkdref u,Ou kdhl yduqrejkaf.a ;a fiajh w.h fldg ie,l+y' ta .ek ks;r l:d
l<y'
kk Ydia;% hqKqfjka ilia we;s ldhd,Sh jev l%uh NslaIQkag mqre ke;' merKs
;d,hg mqgqjla fihla ;ndf.k YsIH msilg W.ekau l< msfjKla yisfha kk l%ufha
ish wxf.damdx.hka f.ka hq;a Yaj oHd,hla njg fmr,Su b;d wreu mqu isoahls' foHdoh
YajoHd,hfha ldhd,hSh imdokh;a wOHhk l%u imdokh;a ms<sn|j wdpdh wdkkao
.=ref.a uy;df.ka jQ fiajh wka ljqreka wu;l l<;a lD;{ .=Kfhka wkQkjQ fidar;
kdyshka wu;l fkdl< nj fuys i|yka fkdl<fyd;a Wka jyakfiaf.a p; l:dj imQK
fkdjkq we;'

Page

foHdoh .sys me YsIHhka w;r kdyshka kshu yehg wkd .;af;da iaj,amhls' je
fokd Wka jykafiaf.a kshu ;;ajh fkdo;ay' tfy;a l,a h;ah;a YsIHhkaf.ka fndfyda fokd
wkd .kakg jQy' bka miq YsIHfhda Wka jykafiag uy;a f.!rj wdor olajkakg jQy' Wka
jykafia reishdjg jeh k r;au,dkg meKs .sys me YsIH ixLHdfjka ta nj ys;d .;
yelsh' flfia fyda Yaj oHd,hfha YsIHhka fidar; kdyshka jykafia fydka yek .kakd
g Wka jyakfia j;=ka w;r ke;' foHdoh YajoHd,hfha YsIHhkag ia:djr YajoHd,hla
yd cx.u YajoHd,hhla hhs folla ;snqfka h' bka tlla ke;s h' wksl b;s h'

foHdoh YajoHd,h fpkh lrkakka .xf.dv, Yaj oHd, N+hg meKsh

hq;=h' wjqre fol ;=kla jeks b;d iq ld,hla ;=< uy,a y;r mfya Yd, f.dvke.s,s rdYshla
mek kexf.a l=uk m%d;sydhhl n,hlskahs flfkl= u; jkq we;' oj,a oyhg tfld<yg
muK" uy oj,a uy lg wf l=vhla bi,d f.k f.dvke.s,s ,`. weka bxfkare
jrekag Wmfoia foka tajd mCIdlrK Yaj oHd,hdm;Ska jykafia ta kj, Tn tys .sfhys
k olakg we;' Wka jyakfia jev l< fial' ,dn lS;s m%ixid fkd;ld uykaish fkdn,d
jev l< fial' wkqkaf.a m%fhdackh ;ldu jev l< fial' miq.sh jI_ fol ;=< fld;r uykais
Wkdhs lsh;fyd;a jI_ oyhlg miq ,eh hq;= uy Ndjh Wka jykafiaf.a uqyqK ;=,ska ia
fjkakg h' ksfrda.S ,sfik isrefrys jeye .sh <l=Kq ia fjkakg h' Wka jkafia <ore
foHdoh YajoHd,h ;reK l<y' ;reK Wka jykafia ta ksidu uy nj je<| .;ay' ka
fidar; kdyshka lal yelafla foHdoh msfjfKys fkdf" yslalvqf ;s,ldrdufhys
fkdf" k,d.iafoksfha Y%S kd.drdufhys fkdf' tfia k fldyso@ .xf.dv, foHdoh
Yaj oHd,fhah" foHdoh Yaj oHd,h k fidar; kdysfhdahs' fidar; kdysfhda k
foHdoh YajoHd,hhhs'

olaI .%ka: l;Djrhd

fidar; kdhl udyshka ,shQ .%ka: fndfydah' bka Y%S iqux., Yo fldaIh muKla jqj;a
Wka jykafiaf.a kduh wurKSh ug m%udKj;a h' f .ek fkdfhla fokdf.a m%isoaO
m%ldYj,ska lSmhla fufia h'
isxy,h rcfha NdIdj lsu i|yd fkdfhla m%h;akhka orkq ,nk f ld,
mfofhys isxy,hg m%udKj;a jQ Yo fldaIhla iemhSu w;sYHska W;alDIaG jQ l;jHhls'
rch u.ska iia;rj imdokh lrkq ,nk Yo fldaIh ksu lsug ;j;a > ld,hla .;jk
fyhska kg m%udKj;a Yo fldaIhla fkdue;s lf mdvqj fuu .%ka:h ksujQ g fndfyda rg
msuefia' fuu YofldaIhdf.a imdokh uy;a mY%uhlska fldg we;s ne ldyg;a fmkS hd
hq;=h' Yd, msila > ld,hla .;fldg rcfh;a n,j;a wkq.%yfhka l<hq;= jevla tl
W;=ful= iaj,am fofkl=f.a iydh we;sj wjqre lSmhla ;=< lrk g h iq wvqmdvql
we;su mquhlg lreKla fkdf' Y%S iqux., YofldaIfha wjfYaI Nd.ho blaukska ksujd
uyckhd w;g m;a lr,Su i|yd rcfha fkduiqre m;Hd.ho wdhqrdfrda.H im;a;sho mKa;
fidar; kdhl ia:r mdohka jykafiag ,efjd hkq wfma m%d:khhs' ^'' fywdr' ,xld
Yaj oHd,h'-kK 1952 Tlaf;dan 7 jeks k'&
fndaOj mej;s lisK wd b;du;a jeo.;a isxy, idys;H lD;shlgu Wka jykafia
iska l< ia;r jHdLHd iys; ieliq ksid isxy< NdIdj W.kakjqka fukau W.kajkafkdao
Wkajkafiag uy;a kh .e;sj is;a' Wka jykafia iska imdokh l< miq.sh udifha
m%ldYhg m;ajQ Y%S iqux., YofldaIfhys m%:u Nd.h tu kh ish oyia .=K fhka je lrhs' f
ysmdKka jykafia b;d lror iys; ndrr jevh werf fya;=j YofldaIfhys >
ix{dmkfhys meye<s lr;s' g miais jilg fmr uy;a jEhulska yd houlska werUQ
isxy<YofldaIfhka j;auka mrmqrg jy<la fkdjk nj fmKSu f YofldaIfhys wdrNhg
fya;=j nj thska meye<s fjhs' f werUqu jQfha b;d uE;lh' tk 1946 ueo Nd.fhah' tys
m%:u Nd.h ka W.;=ka bfha h' f YofldaI imdolhka jykafiag inkaO oh
msfjK f,dal m%lgh' ka we;s yeu oHdia:dkhlgu jvd mdrml Ou Ydia;%dOHdmkhg
yd m%dk mdKa;Hhgo iodma;Hudk W,aldjla jeksh' f isxy< YofldaIhg is iqux.,
YofldaIh hk ku ;nk ,oafoa tau yd oHd,hfhys wd l;D jQ yslalvqf is iqux.,
udyshka jykafiaf.a Y%S kduh isys lrughhs is;uq' tfia k th w;sYh m%Yxidyh' f
oaj;a lD;sh imQK jQ g fuhg ta fY%aIaG kdhl udyshka jykafia f.a Y%S kduh ria:dhS
ug .,ska fyda .fvd,ska l< iaurKia:Nhlgo jvd W;a;u lD;shla jkafkauh' ^fikr;a
mrK;dk uy;d' 1952'10'12 isK&'
Yohla ke;s YofldaIh# je,sfha mKa; fidar; kdhl iajdkahka jykafia iska
ilia lrk ,o Y%S iqux., YofldaIh ksu k msg ;sf' fuys ldyg jqj;a fkdwkqudkju
weiSug isjk m%Yakhla k wfma YajoHd,hfha f,dl= uy;=kag Ndrfok ,o YofldaIh ka
ysr ;sfnkafka fld;eko hkakh' ksrela;s iys; ta Yo fldaIh .ek lsisu Yohla fkdue;s
u;a fidar; iajdkaf.a lD;sh ukd fia bgqu;a ksid mek k.sk m%Yak lSmhls' jevla .ek
wdYdjla ke;s ksiqka fudku lghq;a;la j;a ndr .eKSu y ke;' tjeks Wohg tu jef
ndru Bg;a jvd jerh' YajoHd,hg ndrka ta YofldaIh .ek kg udi lSmhlg fmr
m%Yak l< g lshk ,oafoa uqK lghq;=j, wvqmdvql ksid ta jevh m%udo ;sfnk njhs'
tfy;a ta iu.u fy<sjQ ;j;a lreKla k ta jevh ;ju;a ^w&fkka tydg .uka fldg ke;s
njh' ^kK l;_D jdlH 1956 ud;= 10&'

Page

Y%S iqux., Yo fldaIfha m%:u Nd.h t<sh gqf 1952 h' thska m%fhdack ,fjda oa;Sh
Nd.h tk ;=re fkdhsjis,af,ka ishy' 1956 wfmalaIs;hkaf.a ukfod< mqrjka tys oa;Sh
Nd.ho l, t<s neiafia h' rdclSh mKa; fidar; kdys mdfKda idys;ahsl f,dalhdg ykajd
h hq;af;da fkdfj;s' isxyf,ka fujeks lD;shla lsfuys imQK whs;sh yd Yla;sh Wka
jykafiag we;s nj wmCImd; iEu fokdu ms<s.Ks;s' msgq 1199 lska mr; imQK YofldaIh

.jrhlska msh hq;= Ydia;%Sh fiajhla

i|yd Wka jykafia g .; ;sfnkafka wjqre wgls' i yshqla,sm ^1925-27& wdKavqldrhdf.a

ld,fha ,xldKavqj u.ska wdrN l< YofldaIh ljqreka l<;a fldfydu l<;a thska ;ju
ys we;af;a h; wxf.damdx.hka muKs' imQK YofldaIh ;ju ySkhls' f jevh
flrf.k hk f.d fn,s .ufka yehg ljod flfia fl<jr fhs is;d .eka u mjd
Ialrh' ^fo.ueo iqukfcda;s ys' 1956 wf.daia;= 17 ,xldm m;%h&'
fuf;la ofha my<jQ lsisu .sys me flfkl= w;ska fkd,sh jqk ;r fmd;a .Kkla
,sh" f is jk Y;jI_fha ke.S wd ,xld idys;Hg uy;a fiajdjla fidar; kdyshka w;ska
isjQ whqre oh wkd.; b;sydifhys fmkS hkjd we;' furg OuYdiaf;%dkak;sh wrNhd
fidar; kdyshka w;ska ,shjqk fmd;m; ms<sn| f;dr;=re l:dj mfil ;sffhajd' Wka
jykafia l< Y%S iqux., Yo fldaIh j;_udk uyd m`jrfhl= w;ska ysjqkq uyd idys;H
ix.%yh yehg f rf by<skau nenf,kq wmg fmfka' ta w;r ,xld fn!oaO uKav,h werUq
;s%msgl mj;_k iNdf uq,iqk f.k lrk fiajho wu;l fkdjkakls' merKs ms<sfj<ska kk
YajoHd,hg m;ajqkq ixia:dkho fidar; hq.h fjhs' tfyhska foHdoh wkd.;h olskakdg
yslalvqf ku ,`.g je,sfha ku iafjkq fkdje<elah yelsh' wfma rf cd;sl Wreufha
kshu ;;= foHdaoh YajoHD,hfhka we;s l< yelsf imQK Yla;sh fidar; kdyshk
fj; mj;S' ta i|yd fidar; kdyshkag yslalvqf kdyshkaf.a jruo ,efnkq we;' ^mqx
nKavdr ikakia., Y%S iqux., 62 msgqj&'
,shQ .%ka: .ek fl yekaula
m%dlD; iQla;s u[ach kue;s l=vd .%ka:h kdyshka iska ix.%y lrk ,oafoa YsIHhl=
jYfhka bf.k .ksoah' fuys wvx.= m%dlD; .d:d Y%S id;jdyk uyd lhd iska r; .d:d
ima;i;s keue;s .d:d i;aishhlska hq;a m%dlD; fldI .%ka:fhka Wmqgd.;a tajdhs' f .%ka:h
fidar; kdyshkaf.a m%dlD; NdId{dkhg fyd|u idlaIshls' isxy, oY l=udr p;h( fuh
oYl=udr p; kue;s iqm%isoaO ixialD; .oH ldjHfha ixlaIsma; wkqjdohls' f .%ka:fhka
kdyshkaf.a
ixialD;{dkh
m%lg
f'
jD;a;rka;dlr
ir,djHdLHdj(
fuf;la
jD;a;r;akdlrfhys i|yka ixialD; jD;a; yd Pkaoia jgyd .ekSu ixialD; bf.k .kakd
YsIHhkag uy;a Ialr ldhhlaj meje;af;a h' kdyshkaf.a f fY%IaG jHdLHdj ixialD;
bf.k .kakd YsIHhkaf.a is;a ;ka weo f.k we;' fi!kaorkkao ldjHh wYajf>dI yshkaf.a
fY%IaG lD;shla jQ fuh m%:u jrg uqKh fldg bx.%Sishg mj;khla lf<a fcdkaiagka
m`jrhd isks' fidar; kdysfhda fuhg ikakhla ,shka fcdkaiagkag jer we;s ke;ao olaI
f,iska fmkaj;s' fi!Jorkkao ldjHhg fuf;la ,she we;s fyd|u ikakh;a m%ia;djkdj;a
fuh nj;a fuh lshejQ oaj;=ka /ilf.a tlu;sl ;SrKhhs' f .%ka:h fuf;la uqKh fkdu
,laj ixialD; idys;HdNs,dISkaf.a uy;a wjdikdjls' nq;airK( oHdpl%j;Skaf.a lD;shla jQ
f w.kd .oH .%ka:h isxy, W.;=ka w;r m%lgjQfha fidar; kdyshka l< uqKfhka miqjh'
fuys olakg we;s isxy, .oH ffY,sh w;sYhska w.fkah' isxy, ,shkakkag nq;airKh .=re
fmd;la jeks h' fidar; kdyshkf.a olaI ixfYdaOkh ksid f fmd; w;sYhska m%lg h'
fuhg b;d w.kd .egmo jrKhla o ,shd we;' lisK l,am,;d jHdLHdj( lisfKa .S
j, w:h o; fkdyels lka YsIHhka kao lror u. ye .sfha f l,am,;d jHdLHdfjka
miqj h' fidar; kdyshkaf.a isxy, NdId{dkh uek .ekSu i|yd l,am,;d jHdLHdj fyd|u
fldajls' fndfyda fofkl=f.a wpdrl ixfYdOk ksid wdl=, jHdl=, njg m;aj ;=nqKq f uyd
ldjHfhys kshu jkdlu jgyd.; yelafla f lD;sfhka nj wjdofhka ms<s.efka' wudj;=r(
isxy, .oH idys;Hfhys uqka u,a lvla jeks wudj;=r ckms%h lf<a fidar; kdyshka isks'
thg w.kd .egmo jrKhla o Wkajykafia iska ,shd we;'

Page

Y%S iqux., hq.h" Y%S {dfkaYajr hq.h" Y%S r;kidr hq.h" Y%S mshr;k hq.h hhs foHdoh
msfjka b;sydih hq. mylg fnh yelsh' ka b;d ie<lsh hq;= hq. fol Y%S iqux., hq.h yd
Y%S fidr; hq.h;a h' Y%S iqux., hq.h foHdoh msfjfka wd l;Djrhdf.ka wdrNh' Y%S
fidar; hq.h foHdoh YajoHd,fha wd l;_Djrhdf.ka w,xldrh' Y%S fidar; kdyshka my<
jQfha Y%S iqux., udyshka my< jQ mkaif,ysuh' tneka f W;=uka fofokdu tlaflfkla

Y%S fidr; hq.h

fodahs wkqudk l<yelsh' Y%S fidar; hq.fha foHdoh msfjK YajoHd,hla njg m;ah'
wNskj fouy,a f.dvke.s,a,lska tla h' foHdoh .sys me YsIHhka oyia .Kklska ms
.sfhah' merKs md .;sh ke;s .sfha h' foHdoh msfjKg kj jhla ,enqfka h' tneka Y%S
fidar; hq.h foHdoh ,enQ fY%aIaG;u hq.h h' fidar; kdyshkaf.a kdufhka foHdoh
msfjKg uy;a wdYSjdohla ,enqfkah'
isl< fkdfhla Ydiksl fiajd
fidr; kdysfhda fmd;a ,shQy' ta yeu fmd;la u m%fhdackj;a h' mdGlfhda re l<y'
we;e fmd;a fo;=kajr uqKh l<y' thska iEfyk uqo,la ,enqfkah' ta ,enqkq yeu i;hla u
Ydikfha hqKqjg fhojQy' fodIdfrdmK ,eh yels lsis u jevl fkdfhy' iajlSh
ydria:dkhla jQ yslalvqf k,d.iafoksfha ydria:dkh i|yd re' 80"000 la fhdojd th w.kd
ydria:dkhal njg m;a l<y' mdie,a f.dvke.s,a,la ;kjd kay' yslalvqf ;s,ldrduhg re'
8"000 la fhojQy' YajoHd,hdm;s Oqrhg ,enqkq ukdfjka b;d iaj,amhla yer je fldgi
YajoHd,hgu kay' f Wkajykafiag ,enqkq uqo,aj,g l< lS foah'
fyajd;drK ;s%msgl uqK iNdj u.ska uqs; wgqjd fmd;a rdYshla Y=oaOlr kay'
nqoaOchka;s ;s%smsgl mj;k iNdf iNdm;s Oqrh orka Yd, fiajhla l<y' nqreufha mej;s
PGix>dhkdf ,xldKavqf ksfhda; msfia m%Odkshd jYfhka tys f.dia thg iyNd.s jQy'
ta ta l,g fhkq yeu wd.l cd;sl fiajhl u uq,a ;ek .Kska j;udk NslaIq iudcfha
b;du m%fhdackj;a ix> ms;Djrhl= jYfhka jev l<y'
Wkajykafiaf.a yduqrelu W.;a lug hg lf<a ke;' W.;alu;a yduqrelu;a tlfia u
/l.;ay' W.;alfuka uyKlf;a iSudjka blaujd fkd.shy' tneka u uq ,xldju
Wkajykafia kshu ix> ms;Djrhl= f,i ms<s.;af;a h'
fidr; kdyshkaf.a jkdlu
uu ishu" nqreuh yd ldfndach hk f:rjdo fn!oaO rgj,g .sfh' tys fkdfhla
;rd;srf NslaIqkajykafia,d yuq' Tjqka iu. l:d lf<' wdY%h lf<' ta wkqj ud
lshkafka fidar; kdhl yduqrejka ;r wx.imQK m`jrhl=;a" wx. imQK mejrhl=;a
tla fuka ;ekqkq idjfN!u uyd ix> ms;Djrfhla f,dalfha wksla lsisu fn!oaO rgl ke;s
nj hs' fidar; kdhl yduqrejka jykafia f.a wmj;au" f rf NslaIqkajykafia,d oyila tl
g wmj;au ;r ,xld NslaIq idikhg jeKq ure myrls' fidar; yduqrejkag iudk l<yels
flfkla Wkajykafia u yer fjk ke;' rgla" cd;shla iska wdvnr h hq;= fo;=ka
fokdf.ka Wkajykafia o tla flfkls' foHdoh msfjKg mrK;dk uy;d jeks uyd
W.;=ka ks;r ks;r meKsfha fidar; kd yshka yuqug h' Wkajykafiaf.a l=Yd.%
nqoau;aNdjh fidhdf.k h' ;j Y;jI .Kklska fidar; kdys flfkla f rf NslaIqka
w;r my< fj;a o hkq ieliys; h' j;udk m`jreka oyila fidar; kdyshkaf.a mD:q,
mKa; lu ;=< th yelsh' m`jreka oyil nqoah;a mejreka oi oyil wyq mej;;a tl
fidar; kd yshka fohl= lrkakg h;ak orkafka fkdfj' ud f ,shkafka Wkajykafiaf.a
ksia .;s" udkqIsl .=K we;s iefhks' Wka jykafia ksl isu" ug nqudf.k isu" u
n,df.k ksl isu uyd is,aj;a lula yehg fkd ie,l+y' jer jev fkdlr iQ uyd
iS,jka;hd hhs uu ksNhj u lsh' l=yl lu nqoaOd.f i|yka uyd mdmhla nj ienE k"
ud lshkafka fidar; kd yshka ;r l=yl lu b,dj;a ke;s flfkla f rf fjk ke;
lshd hs' wfyda ,la ujqks f Tng jefka ure myrla fkdfo@ msrh fkdyels bjish
fkdyels mdvqjla fkdf o@

Page

merKs mkai,a wOHdmkh ke;s kk wOHdmkh ,laj me;sr hEu;a iu. u NslaIqka
jykafia,d lsis jevla l< fkdyels" f,dalh .ek fkdo;a ksl u isk msila f,i bx.%Sis
wOHdmkh ,;a iuyre is;kakg mgka .;ay' mkai,l msfjKl wm;slula lrkq i

10

NslaIqka jyakfia,dg wdoYhls

YajoHd,hla f rf NslaIqka jykafia fkfll=g md,kh l< yele hs lsisfjla fkdis;+y'

fidar; kdhl ud yssfhda Tjqkaf.a ta u;hg ms<s;=re kay' olaI W.;a NslaIqjlg f rf
fld;r jev l< yelso hkak fidar; kdysfhda fyd|u idlaIshls' NslaIqka md,k Yla;shla
ke;s" jevla yhg l< fkd yels msile hs is;d iskakka .xf.dv,g .sfhd;a u; jkq we;'
tneka Wkajykafia ,laj NslaIq ixy;shg f.k ka f.!rjh .ek ish NslaIqka jykafiag
f.!rjhls knqjls wdvnrhls wdoYhls' f rf yeu NslaIqjlau fidar; kdys flfkl=
jkakg W;aydi .; hq;h
= ' ta i|yd Wkajykafiaf.a fY%IaG ls%hd l,dmh wkq.ukh l< hq;=j
we;'
reishdjg hEu
fidar; kd yshka jykafiag foaY j,g hEug kE lf<a foaYj, we;s YajoHd,hka
mlaId fldg" tajdfha f.dvke.s,sl%u" wOHdmk l%u yd mqia;ld,h ilia ls wdfhka iajlSh
YajoHd,hg .; yels l%u f.k .kq i|yd h' Wkajykafia bkahdjg o f.dia tys YajoHd,
mlaId fldg o meKsh y' reishdkq wdKavqf yd tys fn!oaO ix.ufha wdrdOkh m ,laj
msfjka YajoHd,h fofla wm;s ud ysjreka g yd ;j;a lSm kulg tys hEu i|yd
wdrdOkd ,enqfka h' f wdrdOkh ,efnk g fidar; kd yshka jykafia WordndOhlska
fmf<ka isg ;rula iqjhg m;a jqkd muKls' tfy;a wdrdOkh ms<s .;a y' ys;j;a lSm
fofkl=ka tys fkdjk f,i Wmfoia ka kuq;"a tn hqKq rgj,g hEfuka ,eh yels mq,
m%fhdackh .ek kd ysfhda lreKq lSy' flfia fyda kh ,xh' .ukhg wjYH oE imdokh
h' Yaj oHd,fha iajlSh ldhd,fhka msg;a fjka g kd oyhla ;sh Wkajykafia
yuqjkag meKs bxfkare uyf;l= iu. l:d lrka m%uqLdpdh jrekaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd
kg ;kdf.k hk f.dvke.s,a,l ;sh hq;= iem myiql .ek ia;rhla l<y' bkamiq
niah yhg m is .sys-me Yd, YsIH msi iu. .xf.dv, isg u h fmryerlska
r;au,dfka wyia hd;%dx.khg jeh y' bka fmr lsis lf,l tys fkd meKs ;r Yd, NslaIq
iuQyh ksid uq wyia hd;%dx.kh u ldIdh jIfhka ,sfikakg h' oyia .Kkla ys;j;=ka
f.a wdYSjdo uOHfhys fidar; kdhl ud ysfhda fiiq ksfhda;hkq;a iu. reishdjg n,d msg;a
jQy'

Page

> .ukska yd kqmqre foaY .=Kfhka o" w;rla ke;sj mej;s jev igykska o" vdjg
m;a fidar; kd ysufhda f;fygq .;shg m;a jQy' tys ,enqkq f;,a Y% reishka wdydr re
fkd l<y' jkajr f;fygq njg meKsfhka" reishdkq ffjoHjrhl= f.a m%;sldr ,nd .;a y'
,laj ;snqKq WordndOh .ek reishka fYI{hl= ,jd mlaId lrjkq msKsi wdfrd.H
Yd,djl f;kla k;rj ishy' ksh; k f.jd wdmiq ,lajg jk g fndfyda fjfyi
jeyereKq njla lajQy' miq k u fl .kq i|yd fld<U uydfrda.H Yd,djg we;=,a lrKq
,enQ kdhl ud yshka jyakfia chkdhl fodia;r uy;df.a m%;sldr hgf;a iQy' cQ,s ui 14
jeks od yisfha frda. ;;ajh W;aikak h' fi!LH wud;H nhqoaka uyuq ue;s;=ud meK
wjYH fodia;rjreka f.kajd idlPd fldg wjYH k msg rka jqj;a fYI{hska f.kajd
ug wdKavq j leu;s ne lshd .sfha h' w.%dKavqldr;=ud o" iS'mS' o is,ajd" ffu;%Smd,
fiakdkdhl" b,x.r;ak" ' tia' .=Kfialr wd wud;Hjre o v,s fiakdkdhl" ta' r;akdhl
wd uka;%S jre o" weka' lshq' vhia" t' kodi" ksYaYxl fr;ak" we'' fmfrd" kaika
mKa;" md,s; ruka wd Wiia ks,Odyq o jkajr meK .shy' km;d oyia .Kka .sys-me
msia o kdyshka n,kq i|yd uydfrda.H Yd,df wNskj f.dvke.s,af,a miajeks uy, lrd je,
fkdle tkag jQy' v,s' chkdhl" weia'ta' lrd,a" 'weia' r;akf,a" fla' rdciQrh" 'f'
wd.," mS'wd' weka;kSia" fla'' chfialr hk fYI{ fodia;rjreka lKavdhula kdhl ud
yshka Ndrj ish y' kd yshka f.a ;;a;ajh fyd| w;g ye ke;s ne weiQ w.ue;sksh yd
w.%dKavqldr ;=udo msgrka ffjoH fYI{hka f.kajk f,i fi!LH weu;s;=udg Wmfoia
kay' reishka ;dkdm;sjrhd o meK reihka ffjoH fYI{hl= le|ug leue;a; m< lf<a
h' ;dkdm;s ldhd, u.ska bkahdjg yd reishdjg ,s mqj;a hjkq ,e h' urdisfha

11

reishdf wikSm u

YajoHd,fhys ffjoH wxYfhys m%uqLdpdh ta'we,a' wkakduf,a fodia;r uy;d o Wkajykafiag

m%;sldr lrkq jia ,xldjg meKsfha wjdikdjg jf.a mE i;rlg miqjh'
wdpdh wdkkao .=ref.a" ffjoHdpdh ta''mS' ch.=KjOk" iS''t' .=KjOk" 'f'
l=udrf.a" fyaupka" v,s' .=Kfialr" ta'v,s' lwdr" we,an tisxy" .dKS chiQh"
B't' idkdhl" fmuis wNh l%u" fyau t,a,dj," kodi fmfrd" fmaur;ak wffialr
wd ys;j;a odhljre uy;a lmdjlska hqla; j tyd fuyd hka wjYH foa l<y' YajoHd,fha
uydpdhjre" lldpdhjre yd ldhd,Sh ks,Odka we;= fiajlfhda o lauqiq uqyqKk
s a hq;= j
ishy' foHdoh mfjKdm;s kdhl iajdkafhda" m%uqLdpdh mrjdyer jr{dk kdhl
iajdkafhdaa" m%uqLdpdh m,kafkdref u,Ou kdhl iajdkafhda" mqia;ld,hdm;s
frf.dv wurfuda,s kd ysfhda" mkka., kr;k kd ysfhda" .fka.u bkaoidr kd ysfhda"
wl=/fha wurjxY kd ysfhda" wn,kaf.dv Oul=i, kd ysfhda" ydkq me,afmd,
mq[a[r;k kd ysfhda wd ys;j;a kd ysjre k .Kkla u ? oj,a fola ys je f,djla u
wdfrda.H Yd,df k;rj ish y' kdhl yshkaf.a w;jeis YsIH msi ms;a lshka we| jgd
/iaj ishy'
wmj;au
17 jeks k oj,a 2'25 g muK Nla;su;a YsIHjreka" w;jeiaika" {d;Ska" ;%hka"
odhlhka muKla fkdj uq uy;a wdfrda.H Yd,dj u fYdalfhka y`vd je,fmoa iodkqiaurKSh
wfma kdhl ud yshka jykafia wka;su yqiau fy fial'
kdhl ud yshka iQ jdgqj Ndr fkajdisl ;reK ffjoHjrfhla jQ f'' mSia uy;d
.;a m%YxikSh" wm%;sy; ffOhh ksid kdhl ud yshka f.a jkd ;h meh lSmhla l,a
jefhka r|jd .; yelsu .ek fuys i|yka fkdlr u fkdyels h'
udyshkaf.a YsIHjre
fidar; kdhl ud ysmdkkaf.ka Oukh yd NdId Ydia;% bf.k.;a .sys me
YsIHjrekaf.a .Kk fuf;lehs lsh fkdyelsh' Wkajykafia kka uyK Wmimodj ,enQ
YsIHjre lSmfofkla is;s' fudjqka w;r Wkajykafiaf.a {d;s ifydaorfhla jQo" yslalvqf
;s,ldrduh yd k,d.iafoksfha Y%S kd.drduh hk ydroajhfha wm;s jQo je,sfha ;miaiS
iajdkafhda m%Odk YsIHjrhdh' uqkajykafia o NslaIqka w;r ckms%h ls%hdY+r ksNS; h;sjrfhls'
,amsg [dKsiair" yslalvqf fj;" yslalvqf W;" hk f ;=kakuo Wkajykafiaf.a uyK
Wmimod YsIHfhdah' .m;fy fm%ur;k ku kdhl udyshkaf.a wkaf;ajdisl idufKar
kuls' mKa; .,.u irKxlr ia:rhka jykafia l=vdl, isg kdyshkaf.a md fifjfkys
Wkajykafiaf.a l iem folays tl fia fidhd ne" Wkajykafiaf.ka OuYdia;%h W.;a
YsIHjrfhls' kdyshkaf.a kshuh msg k,d.iafoksfha Y%S kd.drdufhys lghq;= fidhdn,.kafka
foksmsfha Oudrdu udyshka yd w.,sfha pkaofcda;s yshkq;a isks' lyf foajrla;"
wl=rfha ixlsp lysx., fidr; hk NslaIqjre kdyshka g b;d Nla;sfhka fiajh l<
wkaf;ajdislfhdahs'
.sys YsIHhka w;r ffjoHl,dks fmauis wfl%u fjouy;d kdyshkaf.a m%idoh
kd.;a YsIHjrfhls'
[d;Ska w;r iS''ta' .=KjOk uy;d yd ue;sksh kdyshka frd .ekSu i|yd fkd.;a
W;aidyhla" fkdrE houla ke;ehs lsh hq;h
= '

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fidr; kdhl udyshkaf.a oY_kh (Philosophy) imQKfhkau f.dv ke.S we;af;a

W;a;sfG kmamufchH hk nq jok u;h' Wkajykafiaf.a woyfia yehg ;h hkq
ls%hdld n,f.hls' ta n,f.h ksis whqka md fkdfldg l=iS;hka iskakka foi Wka

12

kdyshkaf.a oY_kh (Philosophy)

jykafia nefha n,j;a wm%idofhks' ;h-ksire-bj; h hq;=-fohlehs hk u;h

Wkajykafia fkdms<s.;a w;r th m%fhdckh .;hq;=-jefvys fhh hq;= jkd fuj<ula
wdhqOhla f,i Wkajykafia ie<l+y' fn!oaOhkaf.a mrud:hjQ ksjk mjd ,nd.; yelafla f
;h keu;s fuj<u ksis wkaoka md lsfuka nj Wkajykafia Yajdi l<y' yd,a fiare
fol mjd lmd oukakg hhs jrla Wkajykafia m%isoaO iNdjl ksNS;j m%ldY lf<a ;h
keu;s ls%hdld n,f.h ksis whqka md lsu ksi;a nf mru hq;=lu nj Wkajykafia
;ka Yajdilr ;snqkq ksidh'
mdrml jYfhka tk we;e wys;lr is;a ;a yd is;= me;= keu;s uy.,a mjqrg
ue we;s NslaIq ;h thska uqojd bhg .uka lru i|yd Wkajykafia .;a uyd m%h;akfha
m%;sM,hls foHdoh Yaj oHd,h'

rg h iuh fjkqfjka uq ;h u lem

l< fY%IaG;u ix> ms;Djrhka jykafia jQ
w;s.re je,sfha Y%S fidr;dNsOdk kdhl

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13

udyshka jykafiag ksjka iem ,efjd'