Writing Guide CONNECTORS Connectors ae linking words which join ideas and show how thse ideas ae related to one another. enjoy good food but hate cookin, [to expres a contrast] Yim not going to the party because | don't fel well. [to describe reason} | workeé during the summer, 50 ve got money to buy 2 computer. [to describe a rest] ‘They also help us to organise our writing and make it easy fr the reader to follow. | think i's a good idea ta take a gap year after finishing school Firstly, taking a year to travel or to work provides: valuable experience inthe real world. In addition, it can help you decide what you want to study or what kind of career you want. However, some people say that gap year isa waste of time because most people don't plan their ‘year propery. In conclusion, a gap year can be a positive experience if you use your time wel ‘Study the chart of connectors and phrases below. PURPOSE EXAMPLES and Jin addition / furthermore { moreover what's more / besides (als J too | as well as but / however {nevertheless {yet | stil although | even if even though | in spite of / despite to.add points on the same topic to express a contrast todescribe cause or reason because of] since / due to /one/another reason for. is «28 0 therefore / consequently | thus / asa result | to describe a result as a consequence {for this reason | that is why to show purpose in over to 0 as to/so that to to deseribe similarity simitary | likewise {inthe same way in my opinion | (strongly) believe (that) || thinkeel (that) Jin my view to-express personal opinions it seems to me (that) personally / as | see it to describe reality in fact asa matter of fact / actually | the truth is (that) tomake general statements in general / generally | as rule | on the whole ‘to begin/start with fin the fist pace / first ofall firstly, secondly, thir | finally lastly {for example / fr instance such as lke | particularly in particular {especially | (more) specially ‘on the one hand /on the ther hand / in contrast / contrary to | iRcan also be argued that / but there are people who say/think (hat) hee fist [at fist in the beginning before / next then | soon / meanwhile / ater De after that / afterwards | at last J eventually finally in the end to list points 10 give examples ‘introduce opposing points to show time when [ while / before / after | until as soon as/ by the time. to.conclude in conclusion | to sum up in shortWriting Guide WRITING SKILLS — Word Order Word onder ic very important in English. The usual order is: Eubject + verb + object + additions. Note the following: 1. Fa sentence has got both a direct and an indirect object, there are two possiblities ‘She gave him a gift. She gave 2 gift to him. 2, Time expressions can come atthe becinning or the end ofthe sentence. Every Tuesday he goes swimming, 7 He goes swimming every Tuesday. 3. Never separate the verb from ts objects). We cannot say He goes ever Tuesday swimming. x {4 Adverts of manner ean come in many positions, but not betwen the verb andthe object. ‘Slowly, he closed the door. He closed the door slowly. 7 He slowly closed the door. ¥ He closed slowly the door. 5. Adverbs of frequency came atthe beginning of the sentence or before the main verb. ‘Sometimes we play in the park ¥ -Wesometimes play in the park 7” We play sometimes inte park X "Note: Ifthe main verb is be, the frequency adver follows it: He are sometimes ate ‘Note: Always and never cannot begin or end a sentence. We cannot sey ‘Always we go swimming. x We go swimming neve. —Subject-Verb Agreement The subject and verb have to agree in number. (ur dog eats lot. (singular) / Our dogs eat 2 lot (lural) Note the following: 1. Singular nouns that refer to groups can have ether singular or plural verbs. The team has /have won the championship. 2. Amounts and quantities have usally got singular verbs. Five thousand dolirs was found in a suitcase 3, Words like anybody, everyone and rabody have oot singular verbs. Is anyboty there? Nobody likes Jack. Everyone is going tothe party. 4, Most uncountable nouns have got singular verbs. Toxic waste isa probe. '5, Some uncountable nouns have got plural vers My jeans are not new. Use of Adjectives 1, Adjectives come before nouns and after certain verbs. a noisy room ¢ 2 room noisy X ee! sad. v7 2. Theadiecive form for singular and plural nouns i the same. big house / big houses ¥ bigs houses x 3, Adjectives follow a specie order opinion + size or age + colour + origin + material ‘a beautiful, white Persian cot a white, Peisian beautiful cat X