ME 586 MICROPROCESSORS IN ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS

Inst: Office: Phone: Fax: Email: Prof. Peter Meckl ME G084 494-5686 494-0539 meckl@purdue.edu

Session 1: Introduction

ME 586

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Introduction
Optional Text Assembly Language Programming: ARM Cortex-M3, by V. Mahout Supplementary Notes - available on web page References - see syllabus; on reserve at Eng. library Grade - labs and exams (90%) - some homework (10%) Course Web site:
www.itap.purdue.edu/learning/tools/blackboard/index.html
login using Career Account username and password, then select ME 586
Session 1: Introduction ME 586 Slide 2

Introduction
Labs - in ME 1030 lab area (NO lab first week) - work in groups of 2 (pick partner) - 8 lab reports to be turned in (following Tues) - important to come prepared! - additional lab time may be made available Exams - midterm and final, both written and practical

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Course Objectives
Describe architecture and programming of P & C Discuss microcontroller interfacing with hardware Provide hands-on opportunities to implement digital controllers on electromechanical systems
Operator

Interface

Microcontroller

Interface

Process

Measured process outputs

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Introduction-Computer History
1945 1947 1958 1971 1974 1978 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000 2005 2007 2008 2012 ENIAC - UPenn Transistor - Bell Labs Integrated circuit - TI Intel 4004 8080 8086 80286 Intel386 Intel486 Pentium (P5) Pentium II (P6) Pentium III (P6) Pentium 4 (NetBurst) Core2 Duo Core 2 Quad Core i7 Itanium 1st electronic digital computer solid-state switch multiple transistors on silicon substrate 4-bit; 1st commercial microprocessor 8-bit 16-bit; processor for IBM PC; 40,000 transistors 16-bit; addl memory mgmt, task switching logic 32-bit; 275,000 transistors 32-bit; integrated FPU; 1 million transistors 32-bit; 64-bit data bus; 3 million transistors 32-bit; includes MMX; 7.5 million transistors 32-bit; inst. for streaming media; 28 million trans. 32-bit; >1 GHz; 400 MHz system bus; 42 mil trans. 64-bit; 1333 MHz front side bus; 582 mil trans. 64-bit; 3 GHz; 820 mil transistors 64-bit; 2.9 GHz; 731 mil transistors 64-bit; 8 multi-threaded cores; 3.1 bil transistors
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Session 1: Introduction

ENIAC
Some Specs: ~17,500 vacuum tubes ~8 ft by 3 ft by 100 ft weighed ~27 tons consumed 150 kW could add two 10-bit numbers in 0.2 msec programmed with switches & cables

Session 1: Introduction

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Vacuum Tube/Transistor/IC

From W. R. Corliss, Computers, U.S. Atomic Energy Comm., 1966.

Session 1: Introduction

From http://www.itsavvy.in/history-computer
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Introduction-Computer History
1945 1947 1958 1971 1974 1978 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000 2005 2007 2008 2012 ENIAC - UPenn Transistor - Bell Labs Integrated circuit - TI Intel 4004 8080 8086 80286 Intel386 Intel486 Pentium (P5) Pentium II (P6) Pentium III (P6) Pentium 4 (NetBurst) Core2 Duo Core 2 Quad Core i7 Itanium 1st electronic digital computer solid-state switch multiple transistors on silicon substrate 4-bit; 1st commercial microprocessor 8-bit 16-bit; processor for IBM PC; 40,000 transistors 16-bit; addl memory mgmt, task switching logic 32-bit; 275,000 transistors 32-bit; integrated FPU; 1 million transistors 32-bit; 64-bit data bus; 3 million transistors 32-bit; includes MMX; 7.5 million transistors 32-bit; inst. for streaming media; 28 million trans. 32-bit; >1 GHz; 400 MHz system bus; 42 mil trans. 64-bit; 1333 MHz front side bus; 582 mil trans. 64-bit; 3 GHz; 820 mil transistors 64-bit; 2.9 GHz; 731 mil transistors 64-bit; 8 multi-threaded cores; 3.1 bil transistors
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Session 1: Introduction

Intel Core2

From http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/core2duo/

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Microprocessor/Microcontroller Applications
Personal Computers Keyboards Cell Phones Bar Code Reader Microwave Oven Automotive Engine Robot

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Number Representations
Decimal Hexadecimal Octal Binary (Base 10) (Base 16) (Base 8) (Base 2)

We are most familiar with decimal numbers for everyday computations. Digital machines use binary numbers for all computations since they are based on solid-state switches. To make it easier to converse with computers in their language, we use hexadecimal notation.

Session 1: Introduction

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Number Base Conversions

From base b to base 10:

( d 3d 2 d1d 0 )b =
Example:

(12AF )16 =

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Number Base Conversions

From base 10 to base b: use iterative division; divide by b until you get 0; remainders give answer Example: (727 )10 = ( )8 ?
8 727
72710 =
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8 90

8 11

8 1

Number Base Conversions

between bases 2, 8 and 16: every 3 binary digits represent an octal digit every 4 binary digits represent a hexadecimal digit

(1001 1110 )2 = ( (1001 1110 )2 = (

)8 )16

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Number Base Conversions - Fractions

From base b to base 10:

( 0.d1d 2 d3d 4 )b =
Example:

( 0.342 )8 =

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Binary Arithmetic - Unsigned

Addition: 153 +137
1001 1001 +1000 1001

Result is correct for 16-bit processor, but would be interpreted as 34 for an 8-bit processor due to the overflow. 8-bit unsigned: 16-bit unsigned:

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Binary Arithmetic - Unsigned

Subtraction: 153 157
1001 1001 1001 1101

Notice that this result cannot be stored as an 8-bit unsigned number. We need another way to represent negative (or signed) numbers.

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