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K?Microprocessor?W{

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IntelIntel 8085

KEZilog, MotorolaF
W

KW J

K J

?? J
K J

K J

KW J

KWL J

KW

EIntel 8085F J

KEFlowchartF J

EAssembly languageF J

KEOperation codeF
K J

KW

K J

KW J

K J

KW
W

K J
K J

KC J

W

W
K

WW
KG

KG

KG

KW

W
K

--

J
J

ELSI : Large Scale IntegrationFEIC : Integrated Circuits)

EVLSI : Very Large Scale IntegrationF

EF

E F K

WE JF
--

W J

WEROM : Read Only MemoryF J

WERAM : Random Access MemoryF J

WEInput unitF J

WEOutput unitF J

Intel 8255

ECPU : Central Processing UnitF J

ECU : Control UnitF

KE JF

--

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J)

RAM

ROM

W( J)

--

WEBusF J

F5v0v

KE10

WEData BusF J

KEF

64/32/16/8F

EDataFDEEBitF

K8D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

WEAddress BusF J

EAddressFA 16

K16A15 A14 A13.A2 A1 A0

WW

KEF

E FE

.E JF
--

1111 0101 0000 1100

D7 D0

1111 0101 0000 1100

11010110

0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1

WE JF
EControl BusF J

EWRFERDF
K

W

EROMRAMF
ERAMF

EF
MEMR

MEMW
IOR
IOW

--

??
K

W -

0vMEMR

WW IOW=5v ; IOR=5v ; MEMW=5v ; MEMR=0v

Intel 8085 J

WEFIntel 8085

--

Intel 8085WE JF

Intel 8085

K??AD7-AD0

K??

KE JF

--

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7

IO/M

Intel 8085

MEMR
MEMW
IOR

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15

IOW

5v

? ?

Intel 8085 WE JF

(Input Output / Memory) IO/M J J2

IO/M

0vG

LG
5v

K
--

W J

WG J

WG

EF J

WW

KEF J

EF J
K

KMEMREF J

KE JF

- -

MEMR

WE JF

W J

K(Quartz Oscillator)

2MHz
K(Million Instructions Per Second = MIPS) MIPS0.37

- -

KW

J
EF

?? J

J
WE JF

- -

W J
W J

EF

KEBit)64/32/16/8 EWordF

KEByteF??8

(Binary) J

HEHexadecimal F J

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F

0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111

EF
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

WE JF

- -

W J
W

W
5v 1 0v0

J
KEF

K
W

- -

W
1

1 x 23 +

1 x 21 +
0 x 22 +

1 x 20
0 x 23 +

0 x 21 +
1 x 22 +

1 x 20

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3

A2 A1 A0

- -

W
W J

0111H A01FH ABCDH 9812H 7FE3H 54H 69H A3H EFH

W J

0124H-ABCDH-123H-011GH-119H-1FH-0000F-BBEEH-0ABCF-45EFH-ABFH-1235H

K J
W J

KRAM/ROM
KRAM/ROM

K J

WEFEF J

K J

W J

J J

J J
J J

J J

W J

- -

W E JF J

IOR

MEMW

MEMR

E J F
K

WE JF J

J J

- -

D0 = 0
D1 = 1
D2 = 0
D3 = 1
D4 = 0
D5 = 0
D6 = 0
D7 = 0

MEMR = 1
MEMW = 1
IOW = 1
IOR = 0

E J F

- -

A0 = 1
A1 = 0
A2 = 0
A3 = 0
A4 = 0
A5 = 1
A6 = 0
A7 = 0
A8 = 1
A9 = 1
A10 = 0
A11 = 0
A12 = 0
A13 = 0
A14 = 1
A15 = 0

W

W J

K
K

W
W

W J

ADDRESS

DATA

ON

MEMW
MEMR
IOW
IOR

OFF

WE JF

- -

W J J

ERAMF J

KEFG

KE(RAM)FG

KEFG

ROMF J
WE

KEFG

KEFG
KEFG

J J

KE F

A3 A2
A7 A6
A11 A10
A15 A14

A1
A5
A9
A13

EF

A0
A4
A8
A12

1
2
3
4

- -

J J

EF

D3 D2 D1 D0
D7 D6 D5 D4

1
2

J J

MEMR J

MEMW J

IOWEF J

IOREF J

- -

W J
ADDRESS

DATA

WE J F

W J J

W??

EF J

W J

ERAMFG

FG J
EROMRAM

K J

- -

W J

KE
1

32

E?c??a?FEF??

WE J F
W??

a
c
+5v
D1
D3
D5
D7
MEMW
MEMR
A0
A2
A4
A6
A8
A10
A12
A14

0v
- -

+5v
D0
D2
D4
D6
IOW
IOR

A1
A3
A5
A7
A9
A11
A13
A15

1
4
5
6
7
9
10
16

0v

32

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

W J
W J

WL

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

0

KL

KL

KL

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

EvoltF

WL
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
0

1 1 1

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
EvoltF

- -

E10F J
W

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKELowF0

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEHighF1

W J

EFL
W

EF

EF

MEMW

MEMR

IOW

IOR

WL
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWMEMR
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWMEMW

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWIOW
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWIOR

- -

W J

KEF

KL

W(1AH)L

MEMW

IOW

IOR

MEMR

- -

W J
W J
W
J

EOpen circuitF J
EShort circuitF J

- -

J

J

D3L
Kc5

KL
KL

KEFL

00

01

04

05

09

0A

02
03

06
07
08

.KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- -

EFL

D3

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
WL

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

FL
ED3

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

J

D0 L

KEc4a4FD1
KD3

0AH00HL
K

00

01

04

05

- -

02
03

06

07

08

09

0A

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

EFL

D1D0

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

WL

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- -

W

KW

W W
KG

KW

W
K

- -

E
F

W J
W J
W J J

EBitF

Bit

10 W

WE JF

W J J

EF

EEByteFEWordFF

WE JF

- -

W J J

EE JFF

FK??
E??F (KB

WEF

1K = 210 = 1024

E10F

EF

W( J)
K2048W

1024W
2048/1024 = 2

2K2K = 2xK = 2x1024 = 2048

K??2048

- -

W J

EF

2 Z

Wn

8K

4K

2K

13

12

11

10

13

12

11

10

EKF

2n

EF2KW

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11

2K

2KWE JF
- -

EA15 A14 A13 A12F

K
W J

EE JFF

EN=EnableCE=Chip EnableCS=Chip Select

0
K

CS

CE

EN

WE JF

E F
- -

ROMW
ROM

RAM

CS

CS

0v

CS

5v

CS

5v

5v

WE JF
EBinary DecoderF J

EF

I1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

I0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

O0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

O1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

O2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0

O3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0

O4
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0

O5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0

O6
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0

O7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

EN

I2
I1
I0

WE JF

- -

O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7

I2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

2EFZ

WEAddress Range MemoryF J

0000

0001

0004

xxxx

0002

yyyy

WE JF
K

W J J

WROM J J J

8085Intel
0000 HZ

16E JEFFZ

H
- -

WRAM J J J

RAM
EFZ

16E JEFFHZ

ROM
K

ROMW
KKRAM

0000 HZROM

EF03FF HZROM

EF0400 HZRAM

07FF H = 03FF H + 0400H ZRAM

03FF H 0000 HW03FF H0000 HROM

07FF H 0400 HW07FF H0400 HRAM

- -

W J

WEF

IO/M
EN

I2
I1
I0

O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7

CS

CS

WE JF

- -

ROMW
.KRAM

EA9.A0F10210ZKZ

J
A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10

EF J
KI2A12I1A11I0A10W

J
A15 A14 A13 EF

W
IO/M
A15
A14
A13

EN

A12
A11
A10

I2
I1
I0

O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7

ROM
K

CS

RAM
K

CS

A9 A0

WE JF
- -

J J
W

EF J

J
EF

J
EF

ROMG

A12=0 A11=0 A10=003FF H 0000 H J

O0=1 J

W J

- -

IO/M

A15
A14
A13

0v

I2
I1
I0

A12
A11
A10

EN O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7

CS

ROM
K

A9 A0

KROMWE JF

J
WEFA15=0 A14=0 A13=0W

A15
A14
A13
EN

WE JF

- -

RAMG

RAME J JF

O1

KE JF

IO/M
A15
A14
A13

0v

EN

A12
A11
A10

I2
I1
I0

CS

O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7

ROM
K

CS

RAM
K

A9 A0

K WE JF

- -

2KROM W 2
ROMF.KRAM

ERAM

J
K

KROM J

J
RAM

RAM J
K

- -

E JF

IO/M

A15

A14
EN

A13
A12
A11

I2
I1
I0

0v
CS

O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7

ROM
2K

A9A0
CS

A10

A10 A0

RAM
K

WE JF

- -

WL J
Intel

WL

LA7A0 J

K
W J

FFH00H
K256

IO/M

5v

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7

CS

LIntelWE JF

- -

K80 HLW

WW

A7=1 A6=0 A5=0 A4=0 A3=0 A2=0 A1=0 A0=0

KIO/M = 1 IO/M5v

KL

IO/M

5v

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7

CS

IntelWE JF

80 HL

?L?

- -

EMemory MapF J
EF

WL

ROM J
RAM J

WW
2KROM KRAM -

80 H -

81 H -

07FF H 0000 H WROM -

F0BFF H 0800 H WRAM EROM0800 H

WEF

- -

0000 H

ROM

07FF H
0800 H

RAM

0BFF H

XX80 H
XX81 H

WE JF

W J

E JF
W

- -

ROM J J

E0001 HEFF

0800 = 0001 + 07FF

2.210Z(2)3.(24)2 8.162 0800

2K

RAM J J

E0001 HEF JEFF

0400 = 0001 + 0800 - 0BFF

210 = (22).(24)24.1620400
K

- -

W

J

L J

8FFFH-8800HROM7FFFH-0000H J

KRAM

K J

ROM J
RAM J

K1KRAM2KROM J

K0000HROM J

RAM J
KROM

K J

- -

WE JFEF J
A15
CS

A14
A13
A12

I3
I2
I1

O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7

A11-A0

CS

CS

CS

CS

E JF

EF J
WROM

KF000H-FFFFH CFFFH-C000H J

DFFFH-D000H J
K EFFFH-E000H

EFFFH-E000H J
KDFFFH-D000H

EFEF
KI2 KI2I1 -

K - -

E F EF J

W
03FFH-0000HW J

07FFH-0400HW J

0BFFH-0800H W J

0FFFH-0C00H W J

L J

WE JF

IO/M
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7

CS

E JF

W J

2K J 4K J
13H J

12H J

- -

W
W J J
W
ERAM : Random Acces MemoryF J

EROM : Read Only MemoryF J

W J
W

EROMF8xK J

ERAMF8xK J

J
J

W J

EF
EF

F
K0000HKE

8K
E64KF

- -

9FFF-8000

7FFF-6000 5FFF-4000

3FFF-2000 1FFF-0000

FFFF-E000

DFFF-C000 BFFF-A000

- -

W J
ERAMF J

K0000H L

KL
W0007H-0000HL
J

EMEMRWF J

.EF
W

0007H 0006H 0005H 0004H 0003H 0002H 0001H 0000H

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
K

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
W J

EFL
W 0006H-0000H

EMEMWWF J
0006H 0005H 0004H 0003H 0002H 0001H 0000H
00

00

C3

02

D3

- -

01

DB

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
K

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

WELFL

0006H 0005H 0004H 0003H 0002H 0001H 0000H

00

00

C3

02

D3

01

DB

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
K

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

WEROMF J

EROMFERAMFL
W0004H-0000H

0004H 0003H 0002H 0001H 0000H

W L

0004H 0003H 0002H 0001H 0000H

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- -

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

0000H0AHL
EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
K

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- -

L
W

W J

W J
F

KE

W J
EF

WEF
KW J

KW J

- -

W J

E8bit parallele outputF J J

W

B0
B1
B2

B3

B4
B5
B6
B7

EB7 B6-----B1 B0F

EF

KE5v0v

EF

KE F
- -

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

KL

KE

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
W

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
8 7 6 5

EF

- -

W J

12H

13H

K J

- -

(8 bit parallel inputF J J

B7 B6-----B1 B0

High level : 1

Low level : 0

EB7 B6-----B1 B0F

KHigh level = 5vLow level = 0v

5v0vF
KE

KEF
- -

W J
W J
KB5H L
EF

KL
WL

K J

F J
E

KIOW J

B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0

0CH
0AH
11H
0BH
0CH

WL

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

EFL
K

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
B5HL
KEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
- -

W J
K5CHL
EF

KL
WL

11H J
EF

KIOR?? J

WIOR

EF J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
EF J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

K L

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
IORL

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- -

W J
WL

12H09H J
K13H

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KL

- -

W

KW

W W
KG
KG
KG

KW

W
K
K

- -

KIntel 8085

W J
W

W( J)

- -

KW J

KW J

EHLT : HaltF

KEF

(4)

(3)

EHF

EF

(2)

RESET

W( J)

- -

(1)

J
J

EF
E0000HF
W

EF J

KEF
K J

J
K

EByte8F J
K

Emicro-instructionsFW J

KE JF

- -

W( J)

ELFEHF

KIntel 8085

- -

E16 bit

EStack PointerF
EF

Program Counter

W(8)

Z(8)

B(8)

C(8)

D(8)

E(8)

H(8)

L(8)

EF
Address
Register

WE JF
W

EZFEWF

EHLF(Program Counter = PC)

KEF

KEF0012H W

WW J

EZFByte J

EWFByte J

00

12

MostByte LeastByte W

W J
- -

00

12

W J
K

00 13

00 12

- -

WEFEFWIntel 8085 J
WW J
W

E16-bitF J

F J

K
KE??

KHL DE BCW6 J
WZW J

W(Accumulator)8A J

E JF J

WW J

Intel

W8085

E1 ByteF J

E2 BytesF J

E3 BytesF J

KEOperation CodeF

- -

Byte

Byte

Intel 8085AWE JF

EF W
W

JMP addr

EJMP : JUMPF

022A

KJMP 022A

WC3
- -

JMP

11000011

Byte

00101010

Byte

00000010

JMP 022AWE J)

W J

W J J

EZFByte J

EWFByte J

W J J

EZF J

- -

W J J

EF

W J
K

K
W

KL J

K J

K J

WL J
WL J J

W
(A)
AW

(Port)
/

KAEF (Port)L
W

- -

IN Port
(Input)

KW
KIntel 8085AW

IN 82W

IN DB

82

11011011

10000010

- -

WL J J4
W
(A)
AW

(Port)
/

EPortF

OUT Port

EOutputF
KW

OUT 80

- -

OUT D3

10110011

10000000

80

W J

W J J

K
EFW

EFW

EFW

r J J J
W

- -

(r )

(H,L)

MOV r,M

(H,L)

MOV B,MW

EHLF
0022

xx

0022

B
xx

xx

W J J J
W

(H,L)

(r)

MOV M,r

- -

EFErF

KEHLF

MOV M,C W

25
4012

4012

(HL)

00100101

EHLFC

W J J

W J J J
W

(HL)

(data)

MVI M,data

EH,LFEdataF

- -

MVI M,02 W

(HL)
2000

02

2000

02

FMVI M,dataMOV M,r

K(HL)E
W J J J

W
(r)

(data)

MVI r,data

rE8Fdata

- -

MVI D,54W

KD54

16

(rp)

data 16

LXI rp,data 16

KrpprE16F

LXI B,0142W

KBC0142

KB01C42

W J

EF

WMOVW

(r1)

(r2)

MOV r1,r2

Er1FEr2F

EBFEAF MOV B,AW

(B)

(A)

- -

MOV B,A

MOV B,A

0F

0F

11

0F
B

- -

W J

(F)K (8 bit)

CY
Carry

P
Parity

A
C

W(Flag)

4
AC
Auxiliary
Carry

CY

6
Z
Zero

S
Sign

KE531F10
W J

KA1W J

EA-BF05B 04W

K1EF7??E JFK-01

1W J
0

1W J
K

- -

EA+BF02B0EW
H

00001110

00000010B

Z00010000

KED3FED4F

EF1W J

A1W J
EFFF

10BFFW

(A) + (B)
KE531F10

11111111

H10000000B

Z01111111

(A)
K1

- -

W J

EF

..ANA r ; ANI data ; XRI data ; ORA W J

..CMP r ; CPI data ; SUB r W J

W J

- -

EFlowchartF J

KK
W

WEProgram FlowF

WEProcessF

EPredefined ProcessF

WEDecisionF

- -

WW

- -

(Branch Instructions) J
EF

EJUMP InstructionsF J

ECALL InstructionsF J
WEJMP : JUMPF J
W J J

JMP addrW

KaddrEFJMP

- -

W
JMP F021

C3

21

F0

0022
0023
0024

F021

F021

KF021
W J J

J<>addr

J
EaddrF

EF

- -

Jump if Zero : JZ W

EFW

K
JZ 0023
K0023

Jump if Not Zero : JNZ W

EFW

K
JNZ 01A2
K01A2

(Jump if Negative) JN (Jump if Positive) JP

KW

12 E F

13 EF

0 Z

0 Z

- -

12HEF J

13HEF J

WEF J
EFG

EFG

JEFG

WEF

EFG

W J

W
CALL addr

addr

KEsubroutineF
ERETURNFK

- -

WE JF

- -

W J
W J

E JF

ROMWE JF

EHI-LO SYSTEM UNIVERSAL PROGRAMMER & TESTERF

EF

W J

??E JF
K

- -

ROMWE JF

- -

J
K

K J

HLT J

ROM J

KEmicro-instructionsF J

0125H J
W Z

01

25

25

01

ByteByteW J
W
J

- -

W J
MOV J(A)

(Port) ;

(A)

(Port)

MOV r1,r2 Jr,M

K JW

K J
K J

A J

A J

K J

J
MVI M,45 ; LXI D,F001 ; MOV A,C ; MOV M,E ; MVI D,FC ; MOV C,M

KKKKKKKKKKMOV A,B J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKMOV B,M J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

MVI C,1A J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

1D J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

A
C

- -

2
P

K J
1

CY

EA-BF J
KEF6

K J

W J

B12H

K13H

EJMPF J

JMP 01FE01FE J

W J

JMP ABCDH ; JMP 012FH ; JMP 12H ; JMP 158GH ; JZ 00FFH ; JP 012FH
K JM AFF0H ; JMP 013H

J
E0000HF

81H80HW

K J

W11H J

01HG

K11H

KG
- -

F1H J

KE0032HF J
K21H , 0BH , 03H J
KAG

K22H J

- -

W

W J

W J

EAssembly languageF
KIntel 8085

IN J

EInputF

OUT J

KEOutputF

JMP J

KEJumpF

E
K
L

J
J J

ECPU Intel 8085AF J

8xK RAM J

J
- -

EF J

W J J

ONON/OFF J
W J

HLTHLT/RUN J

OFFEFADDR.STOP J

K J

J
K

WL

FOFFON/OFF J
E

RUNHLT/RUN J

WL
FOFFON/OFF J
E

RUNHLT/RUN J

STEP J



- -

W J
W J

WL

*IN 12

EF

J
DB
12
D3
13
C3
00
00

OUT 13

JMP *

0000H
0001H
0002H
0003H
0004H
0005H
0006H

L
W

00
01
02
03
04
05

IN J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
IN J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
OUT J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- -

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOUT
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J
K

W
J

????
(OUT)(IN)

??

0000H
0001H
0002H
0003H
0004H
0005H
0006H
0007H

DB
12

? ?

D3
13
C3
00
00

* IN 12

OUT 13

JMP *

- -

W J

WL

*IN 12

EF

J
DB
12
3C
D3
13
C3
00
00

INR A
OUT 13

JMP *

0000H
0001H
0002H
0003H
0004H
0005H
0006H
0007H

WL

00
01
02
03
04
05

J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J

WL

- -

EF
J

*IN 12

DB
12
3D
D3
13
C3
00
00

DCR A
OUT 13

JMP *

0000H
0001H
0002H
0003H
0004H
0005H
0006H
0007H

WL

06
05
04
03
02
01

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- -

W J

WL

*IN 12
ADI 05
OUT 13

JMP *

EF

J
DB
12
C6
05
D3
13
C3
00
00

0000H
0001H
0002H
0003H
0004H
0005H
0006H
0007H
0008H

WL

00
01
02
03
04
05

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- -

05 J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

WL

*IN 12
SUI 05
OUT 13

JMP *

EF

J
DB
12
D6
05
D3
13
C3
00
00

0000H
0001H
0002H
0003H
0004H
0005H
0006H
0007H
0008H

WL

0A
09
08
07
06
05

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
05 J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- -

ERegisterF J

E0010HFL

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J

WL

MVI A,55
STA 0010
HLT

EF
J
3E
55
32
00
10
76

0000H
0001H
0002H
0003H
0004H
0005H

0010H J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

0A0001HL
ELFELF
J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
MVI A J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
MVI A J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
MVI A J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- -

STA J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
STA J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
STA J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- -

W

KW

W W
KG
KG

KW

W
K

- -

W J
W16 bits J

W8088-8086 J J

161978

EAD15-AD0F 20

E1018576 = 220F

EQuartzFEIntel 8085F

K10MHz4.77MHz

8086WE JF

WEiAPX 286F80286 J J

W 24 16
J

20MHz6MHz J

W J

- -

K 1048576G

EVirtual MemoryF?? G

E24F 16777216 = 224

EHard DiskF

80286WE JF
:32 bits J

E32??F

WEVirtual MemoryF J J

??E
EF
K

- -

WEPaging Virtual MemoryF J J

??
??

WE JF
K

Windows XPEFW

Pagefile.sys
KEc:/Pagefile.sysF

- -

32 bits J J

4294967296 = 23280386

KE32F

Intel 80386WE JF

40 MHz 16 MHz
33 MHz 16 MHz
20 MHz 25 MHz

386 DX
386 SX
386 SL

32 bits J J

FIntel 80486

WEE JF486DX

EF32G

K50MHz 33 20G

EFIntelE1994 1989F
W

486SX2 486DX4 486EX 486DX2 487SX 486SXSF ULP486SX 486SX

- -

i486 DX 50MHzWE JF

W32 bits J J

Ex86FIntel1993

WPentium??
32

Intel
Inside

64

pentium

pentium??WE JF
W

K??64G

K G
- -

K G

KEcycleFG

W32 bits J J

ENetworkF1995

EmasterF

EslaveF??
K

KEPentium ProF??

Pentium Pro??WE JF
????
KEGHz2007F200MHz

- -

: J
W

W J

K(Mouse)(Keyboard)(Monitor)(Tower)

WE JF
W J

?Bios??Quartz?

EE JFF

WE JF
- -

W J
W J J

110220

.E-12+125F

WE JF
W J J

- -

E F

WE JF
W J J

K??

W?Quartz? J J

WE JF
200MHzW
- -

E10FEF200000000

W
K

W J J

W J J J

W(Single In-line Memory ModuleF SIMM J J J J

EF

W(Dynamic RAM) DRAM

SIMMWE JF

W(Static RAM) SRAM J J J J

K
- -

W(Video RAM) VRAM J J J J

DRAM

(Video Card)??

W(Read Only Memory) ROM J J J

??

(Basic Input Output System) BIOS

W(Basic Input Output System) BIOS?? J J

??

?Lithium??Cadmium-Nickel?

K
W J J

K??

W J J

(Serial Parallel Port)

- -

(DRAM)

KKK
WE JF

W(Graphics Card) J J

K(Super VGA) SVGA(Video Graphics Array) VGA

(Graphics Card) WE JF

W J J

K1.44Mo
- -

??EF

??
K

(Format)

KE JF

WE JF

W J J

FK??
K(ms)E

- -

WE JF

J J

??

??

WE JF
W J
W J J

- -

Pixel J

KE{F

inchE{ZinchF?inch? J
K

60Hz70Hz J

WE JF
W J J

W?? J J J

??1????

KEF0

- -

??

WE JF
W?? J J J

W?? J J J

W??

- -

bluetooth J

bluetoothbluetooth

EWPAN : Wireless Personal Area NetworkF??

K

WE JF
W J J

EF

(microcontroller)

- -

WE JF

Bluetooth

- -

?16 bits? J

16 J

16 J
K J

J
10MHz J

20MHz J

?? J

?? J
?Quartz? J

J
333MHz

(Bios) J

K J

K J

K J
- -

- -

W J
W J

MFA
K

W J

EF

K64K J

K J

WE JF

- -

W G
13H12H J

K J

KG

CMD>|G

KKKKKKMemory,Load,Save,Go, AssemblerWG

"Do you want to restart (Y/N)""NO"G

W J

W J

EMFA??FMFA J

..KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J
EF800HFAssembler J
"Enter"W

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

"GO" J

K J

KEFEF J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKAssembler

W J
K J J J

F"SAVE" J
- -

KE"My Documents"

K J

FEMFAF J
E

F"LOAD" J
EMy Documents

J
K

W J

W J
K

EMFA??FMFA J
"Memory" J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

F J
KE

K"space"W

K J
W J

E5v)

E12HF J

D0 J
K

- -

J
MVI A,01
OUT 12
END

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

W J
* MVI A,01
OUT 12
** MVI A,FF
DCR A
JNZ **
MVI A,00
OUT 12
*** MVI A,FF
DCR A
JNZ ***
JMP *

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- -

KW

KW

W W
KG

KG

KG

KW

W
K

- -

??
K

W J
????

BytesBitsEF
KKK

BitsW J

W J

W(Simplex transmission) J

K
W

EF

EF

(Simplex transmission) WE JF
- -

W(Half-duplex transmission) J

W(Full-duplex transmission) J

W(Parallel transmission) J

E8 BitsFByte

WE JF

LPT

ELPT = Line Printer Port ; Parallel Printer PortF

- -

W(Serial Transmission) J

????

K J J

WE JF

EF

EUSB, COMF

(Asynchronous transmission) J
K

??EF

K(STOP bit)??(START bit)

K????

- -

??(Byte)??

??
START bit

STOP bit

11010001

10001011 WE JF

W(Synchronous transmission) J

EF

SYNC

EF

KEF1000SYNC



- -

(00111001)

(00000111)

WE JF

- -

W J
?Z?
W(Ports)

Serial Port RS232 Parallel Port -

(Universal Serial Bus) USB -

(LPT = Line Printer Port ; Parallel Printer Port) J

0v5v
W

DB25WE JF

- -

W J J

WE JF

W(Data Register) EF J J J

K(Byte)??

K0x378

CF1HW
OutPortb(0x378,0xF1);

- -

W(Control) J J J

Bits4

K0x37A

E JF

(D3-D2-D1-D0)

0F
KE

CX4HW

OutPortb(0X37A, 0x0F)

X4H
W(Status) J J J

K??

K0x379

E JF
(D7-D6-D5-D4-D3)

EF

- -

CW

Byte = InPortb(0x379)

??

EFD7

Serial Port RS232 J

EFEF
W

DB9 WE JF

- -

(Communication)COM4,COM3, COM2,COM1
W

(COM4) 0x2E8 (COM3) 0x3E8(COM2) 0x2F8(COM1) 0x3F8

W J J

-7.5v - -15v+7.5v - +15v

0v+5v

MAX 232

MAX 232 WE JF

W J J J

EFC
K

- -

W
hPort=CreateFile(pSerialConfig->ComPort,
GENERIC _READ| GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,NULL);

(COM1) hPort=CreateFile(pSerialConfig->ComPort,

GENERIC _READ| GENERIC_WRITE,

EF

0,

NULL,

EF
W
void CloseSerialPort()
{ if (hPort!=NULL)
{CloseHandle(hPort);
hPort=NULL;
}
}

- -

W(Universal Serial Bus) USB J

ERS232F
WUSB2.0USB1.1

USB2.0

480 Mbits/s

USB1.1

12 Mbits/s

1.5 Mbits/s
USBWE JF
W J J

EKFW J
EKKKKKKKKKKKKFW J

- -

(VBUS)(+5v) -1
100mA

(D-) -2

(D+) -3

(GND) -4
USBWE JF
WUSB J J

15w

K"USB Hub"

USB Hub

USB

"USB Hub" USBWE JF

EF??
W(token ring)??

- -

(1ms)

????

E7bitsF7

W??

??E??2558F J
K???? J

128 7

0E127=27 0F
K127 "USB Hub"

USB Hub

??

token ring??WE JF

- -

W J

E F
KC

JAVA,ADA,PHP,C++,C,FORTRAN,COBOL,PASCAL,BASIC

.

W J

EF

EF
F[].exe
KE

??

WE JF
- -

W J

EF
K

W J

BASIC
C

MATLAB

MATHEMATICA

C++
FORTRAN

PASCAL
JAVA
COBOL

- -

W
K J

K J

K J

USBRS232 J

USBRS232 J

outportb(0x378,0xdata) J

KMAX232 J

USB Hub J

USB Hub J

J
J

- -

W
C
K

KC J

C-Free 3.5 J

http://www.bestsoftware4download.com/download/t-free-c-free-download-bonbwrdh.html
ECF

KC-Free 3.5 J

W J

W J

W J

- -

Project J

(save)File J

.C

J
Empty Project

OK

source files J

Add Files to this Folder

.C

NewFile J

J
- -

J
#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{Printf("It's the first step to learn practically the C language \n");}

EFW J

#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{ char name[50]="";
printf("What's your name ?\n");
scanf("%s",name);
printf ("Hello%s !\n",name);}

EEFFW J
#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{char name[50]="";
int i;
for (i=1;i<=10;i++)}
{printf("What's your name ?\n");
scanf("%s",name);
printf ("Hi.. %s !\n",name);}

- -

FW J
E

#include"conio.h"
#include"dos.h"
#define PORT 0x378
void main()
{

{
outportb(PORT, 0x01);
delay(5000);
outportb(PORT, 0x00);
delay(5000);
}
}

- -

1 k

J
J

W Intel 8085A J

W J

W J