1. C 5 ngi nh, mi nh mt mu khc nhau. 2. Trong mi nh c mt ngi , mi ngi c quc tch khc nhau. 3.

Mi ngi ung mt loi nc khc nhau, mi ngi ht mt loi thuc l khc nhau v nui mt loi vt khc nhau trong nh ca mnh. Cu hi t ra l: Ai nui c ? Bit rng: a. Ngi Anh sng trong nh mu . b. Ngi Thu in nui ch. c. Ngi an mch thch ung ch. d. Ngi c ht thuc l nhn Rothmanns. e. Ngi Nauy sng trong ngi nh u tin. f. Ngi sng trong nh xanh thch ung c ph. g. Ngi ht thuc l Winfield thch ung bia. h. Ngi sng trong nh vng ht thuc l Dunhill. i. Ngi ht thuc l Pall Mall nui vt trong nh ca mnh. j. Ngi sng trong ngi nh chnh gia thch ung sa. k. Ngi ht thuc l Marlboro sng bn cnh ngi nui mo. l. Ngi hng xm ca ngi ht Marlboro quen ung nc. m. Ngi ht thuc l Dunhill sng bn cnh ngi nui nga. n. Ngi nh ca ngi Nauy nm bn cnh nh mu tm. o. Ngi nh mu xanh nm k v bn tri nh mu trng. Mi ngi k mt ci bng 6x6 ra, mnh ni j th in vo ging th nh: # u tin l xi vit mc: Ct u tin ghi theo th t nh sau: | STT | Mu nh | Qtch | Th nui | ung | Thuc l | Dng STT ghi cc s | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | * u tin ta xt cc d kin c nh (e)(j) th ta c: - Quc tch ngi s 1 l Nauy. - ung ngi s 3 l sa. * Tip n ta xt cc d kin lin quan (n)(o)(a): - Ngi Nauy v tr u tin m li cnh ngi nh tm ==> Mu nh ngi th hai l tm. - Do nh mu xanh nm k bn tri nh mu trng nn nh mu xanh ch c hai v tr l 3 v 4, nhng theo d kin (f) th ngi trong nh mu xanh thch ung c ph trong khi nh 3 (chnh gia) li ung sa ==> nh s 4 mu xanh ==> nh s 5 mu trng. - By gi ta ch cn hai mu l vng v chn cho ngi Nauy m theo (a) th ngi Anh sng trong nh mu ==> nh s 1 mu vng, nh s 3 mu v qtch s 3 l Anh.

* Ta xt tip cc d kin (h)(m): - Theo (h) th thuc l nh s 1 s l Dunhill. - Theo (m) th th nui nh s 2 s l nga. # Ly vit ch ra no: * By gi xt d kin (g), do d liu thuc l "Winfield" phi i cng vi d liu ung "bia" nn ch c hai v tr thch hp l nh s 2 hay nh s 5: - Gi s l nh s 2, theo (c) th d liu qtch "an Mch" phi i cng vi d liu ung l "ch" nn chng phi l nh s 5. Theo (d) th "c" phi i cng vi "Rothmanns" nn chng phi nh s 4 ==> Nh s 2 c qtch l Thy in nhng li nui nga ==> Mu thun vi (b). ==> Bi ht vit ch i nh!! :D - Ly vit mc ra in d kin (g) vo nh s 5. T (c) th d liu "an Mch" i cng vi "ch" m ch c nh s 2 l c 2 trng cng nhau nn (c) l d kin ca nh s 2. * Ny gi cc bn c kinh nghim v d liu lin quan ri, by gi ta xt (d)(b) v (i) nhanh nh: :D - Ngi c ht Rothmanns ==> Nh s 4 ==> Nh s 5 ngi Thy in nui ch. - Ngi ht Pall Mall nui vt ==> Nh s 3. * T hai d kin (k)(l) ta thy: - Ngi sng nh s 2 ht Marlboro. - Ngi sng nh s 1 ung nc v nui mo. ===> Ch cn 1 trng l th nui ca ngi c. Vy ngi c nui c!!