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GD T Understanding 1 Hhvwehjvfjwehvfjhvjhbdbirugfeuirghiouergh
GD T Understanding 1 Hhvwehjvfjwehvfjhvjhbdbirugfeuirghiouergh
Engineering Drawing is a document that communicates a precise description of a part. This description consists of pictures, words, numbers & Symbols. should fully define the part. each specification should be measurable.
is a communication tool.
are legal document. Therefore they should be treated as formal, precise documents.
Engineering Drawing information include: Geometry (shape, size & form of the part). Critical functional relationships.
How cost of a drawing error can increase as the drawing moves through the organization.
Dimension is a numerical value expressed in appropriate units of measure. used to define the size, location, orientation, form or other geometric characteristics of the part.
Tolerance is the total amount that feature of the part are permitted to vary from the specified dimensions. is the difference between the maximum and minimum limits. is not associated with dimensions that are identified as reference, maximum or minimum. Tolerances are of most importance on functional surfaces in an assembly, where two components mate and must interact in a predefined way which is crucial to the operation of the system. Non functional dimensions may be defined with global tolerance applied which provides a suitable range of dimensional values.
Types of Tolerance Limit Tolerance When a dimension has its high and low limits stated. In a limit tolerance, the high value is placed on top and the low value is placed on the bottom.
Plus-Minus Tolerance When the nominal or target value of the dimension is given first, followed by a plus-minus expression of a tolerance.
Bilateral Tolerance is one which allows the dimensions to vary in both the plus and minus direction. Equal Bilateral tolerance is where the allowable variation from the nominal value is the same in both the directions.
Unequal bilateral tolerance is where the allowable variation is from the target value and the variation is not the same in both directions. Unilateral Tolerance is where the allowable variation from the target value is all in one direction and zero in the other direction.
Metric Dimensions specifications: The Millimeter is the common unit of measurement used on engineering drawings made to the metric system. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERES is a typical general note shown on drawings to invoke the metric system.
Conventions used when specifying dimensions in metric units : When a metric dimension is a whole no, the decimal point and zero are omitted. When a metric dimension is less than one millimeter, a zero precedes the decimal point. For example the dimension 0.2 has a zero to the left of the decimal point.
When a metric dimensions is not a whole number, decimal point with the portion of a millimeter (10ths or 100ths) is specified.
Interpreting dimensional limits : All dimensional limits are absolute. A dimension is considered to be followed by zeroes after the last specified digit.
Dimensioning Standards : ASME Y 14.5M-1994 is a dimensioning and tolerancing standard. The standard is considered the national standard for dimensioning and tolerancing in the Unites States. ASME stands for American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Y14.5 is the standard number. M is to indicate the standard is metric. 1994 is the year the standard was officially approved. ISO - The International Standards Organization. Another predominant standard used in parts of the world.
10. Dimensions and tolerances apply only at the drawing level where they are specified. A dimension specified on a details drawing is not mandatory for that feature on the assembly. The first three rules establish dimensioning convention. Rule four states the manufacturing methods should not be specified. Rules five and six establish conventions for implied 90 angles. Rules seven, eight and nine establish default conditions for dimensions and tolerance zones. Rule ten establish convention for which drawing level dimensions and tolerances apply.
Coordinate Tolerancing System is a dimensioning system where a part feature is located (or defined) by means of rectangular dimensions with given tolerances. Size features can only be specified at RFS. Datums are usually not specified.
Shortcomings of Coordinate Tolerancing Square or rectangular tolerance zones. Fixed size tolerance zones. Ambiguous instructions for inspection.
A cylindrical tolerance zone provides a uniform distance from the axis of the hole to the edge of the tolerance zone. It contains 57% more tolerance.
Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing: is an international language. used on engineering drawings to accurately describe a part. was created to insure the proper assembly of mating parts, to improve quality, and to reduce cost.
Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing is precise mathematical language that can be used to describe the size, form, orientation and location of part features.
Benefits of GD&T: Improves communication Provides better product design Increases production tolerance
When Should GD&T be Used? Drawing delineation and interpretation need to be the same Features are critical to function or interchangeability It is important to stop scrapping perfectly good parts It is important to reduce drawing changes Automated equipment is used Functional gaging is required It is important to increase productivity Companies want across the board savings
Greatest Myth of GD&T is the misconception that geometric tolerancing raises the product costs.
Feature is a general term applied to a physical portion of a part, such as a surface, hole or slot.
Feature of Size is one cylindrical or spherical surface or set of two opposed elements or opposed parallel surfaces, associated with a size dimension. An axis, median plane or centerpoint can be derived from a FOS. Cylindrical FOS contains one feature, the cylindrical surface. Planer FOS contains two features, the two parallel plane surfaces.
Types of Feature of Size External Feature of size are comprised of part surfaces (or elements) that are external surfaces, like a shaft diameter or overall width or height of a planer part. Internal Feature of size are comprised of part surfaces (or elements) that are internal part surfaces, like hole surfaces.
Feature of Size dimension is a dimension that is associated with a feature of size. Non-Feature of Size dimension is a dimension that is not associated with a feature of size. Actual Local Size is the value of any individual distance at any cross section of a FOS. two point measurement taken with an instrument like a caliper or micrometer, that is checked at a point along the cross section of the part. A FOS may have several different values of actual local size.
is the condition in which a feature of size contains the maximum amount of material everywhere with in the stated limit of size. For example, the largest shaft diameter or smallest hole diameter.
Least Material Condition is the condition in which a feature of size contains the least amount of material everywhere with in the stated limit of size. For example, the largest shaft diameter or largest hole diameter. Regardless of feature size is the term that indicates a geometric tolerance applies at any increment of size of the feature within its size tolerance or in other words geometric tolerance applies at whatever size the part is produced.
There is no symbol for RFS because it is the default condition for all geometric tolerances.
Geometric tolerances are often specified to apply at MMC when the function of a FOS is assembly. LMC to insure a minimum distance on part. RFS to insure symmetrical relationships.
Geometric tolerances specified at MMC or LMC have a significant cost advantage over Geometric tolerances specified at RFS.