apldw;

Nne ip` Nn-I

MALAYALAM
Muharram Chila Chinthakal
By Abdul rasheed Saquafi , Elamkulam

A_vZp dioZv kJm^n

Gew-Ipfw

Publishers
Annasweeha pablication
Kumaramputhoor
lubaba ofset, eranakulam
First edition : feb 2013
copies: 1000
Rs: 20

{]km-[\w

A-kzol ]n-t-j
Ipacw]pq

{]th-inI

_nkvan, lwZ,v kzemXv XpS-nb {]mcw` apdIv tijw CcptemI hnP-b-amWv Cl temI PohnX-nse bYm eyw. Cu ey-km-mIm-cn\v I\nc-X-am-m-\p-f-f-Xm-Wv `uXnI temIw.
]s \ne-hn-ep-ff kml-N-cy-fpw Npp-]m-Sp-Ifpw
]hn-{X-amb ey-km-mIm-c-n\v DZm--amb
amK-a-h-e-n-p--Xn \nv ]pd-tImv hen-p
B]I-c-amb Imgv-bmWv Iv sImn-cn-p-Xv .
\-m-h-W-sav B{K-ln-p-hcmWv Fm-a-\pjy-cpw. kzbw \inv t]mhs Fv BcpwXs Nnn-mdn.]ns FmWv `qcn-] P\-fpw ]cm-P-bs-Sp-Xv Fv t\mp-tm Nne ]c-am-
AwKo-I-cn-tnhcpw. ey kmmIm-c-n-\pff A\p-Iqe kml-N-cy-fn-eqsS aptmv t]mImsX
eyw adv k-cn-p-Ibpw hnj-b-sf ]cn-KWn-p--Xn-\p-ff Aew-_m-hhpw Ia-\njvS-bn-ep-ff
hogvN-Ifpw {Iao-I-c-W--fn-ep-ff Bkq-{X-W-ns
Ipd-hp-am-Wv ]cm-P-b-Im-c-Ww. AXv Xncn--dnt ]q.
kabw Aaq-ey-amWv. ]nSnp sIm-\mhm
kv. Bbp-sk km]nI sIn-S-n
\npw ASv hogp Cjv S nI t]mse- b m- W v
sImgnp t]mIp--k-a-b- Hmtcm Nph-Sp-shpw
ac-W-n-te-p-ff Imsh-p-I-fm-Wv. s\n-Sn-p-I
\psS ac-W-a-Wn-bm-sWmWtm Camw Kmen (d)
3

Hm-s-Sp-n-b-Xv.
AXn-\m sNt Imcy- Fs-s-bmsWv Xocp-am\n-p-Ibpw \S-n hcp-t cq] Bkq-{XWw \S-p-Ibpw sN A\p-hm-cy-amWv. AXn\v Ghpw DNn-X-amb ka-b-amWv apldw.
hnizm-kn-I ]cn-K-Wn-t lnPvd Ie--dns {]Ya-am-k-am-Wsm apldw.
H-\-h[n Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-fpw \nc-h[n HmIfpw hnizm-kn-Iv Cp-X-cp apld-amkw Im\p-jvSm\-fpw am-fpw Bkq-{XWw sNm\pw \Sn hcp-m\pw hnizm-kn-Iv apX Iqm-Wv.
apld-ans t{ijvS-Xbpw {]tXy-I-X-Ifpw hnh-cn- p
\nc-h[n {K- apIme ]n-Xam cNn-n-pv.
Camw A_q-_- AJp-din (d) (h-^mXv
ln 281)
C_v\p imln ln 385) A_q-Zdn ld-dn(-d)
(ln 434)
Camw ss_lJn (d) (ln 458)
C_v\p Akm-In (d) (ln 571)
Alva-Zp Ckv^-lm\n (d) (ln 576)
AlvaZp ^-dm-b\n (d) XpS-n-b-h Ah-cn
{]ap-J-cm-Wv. Fp sN-Wsav Xocp-am-\n-p-Ibpw
FhnsS XpS--W-sav Nnn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv
\-bn-eqsS apt-dm-\p-ff Nne Nn-Ifpw \ntZ-ifpw \Ip--tXm-Sw apld-amk-n A\phn-t Nne Im-\pjvSm-\- Hm-s-SppI am{X-amWv Cu sImp IrXn-bn \nh-ln-n-pf-f-Xv.
IS-m-Sp-I ]e-tcm-SmWv. Un n ]n bn klm4

bn aplvbn-o kJm^n ]pm-\n-m-Sv, t{]mkm-l\hpw \nt-ihpw \Inb A_vZp-d-ioZv kJm^n

taem-q, {]nnw-Kpw Unssk\nKpw sNbvX ep_m_
aoUnb XpS-n- b-hpw \n tcJ- s-Sp-p--tXm- Sw
\mY Al-amb {]Xn-^ehpw Cl-]c hnP-bhpw
\In A\p-{K-ln-p-am-dm-hs
hn\o-X
A_vZp dioZv kJm^n
GewIpfw 9946001600
elmsaqafi@gmail.com
-

apldw lnPv d Ie- - d n- s e {]Ya amkhpw

{]tXyIw {]m[m\yw \I-s \mevam-k--fnsemp-amWv. ]Tn-m\pw ]Im\pw \nc-h[n ]mT-fpw A\h[n kvac-W-Ifpw kaq-l-n\v km-\n-p Cu hnip-amkn\v hyXy t]cp-I-fapv. AXn {][m\
{]tbm-Kam-Wv ilvdp An-bm-Av (dq-lp-_bm5/411)
Jp-B-\n t]cv ]cm-ain--s an {]hm-N-IamcpsSbpw Pohn-X-n kw`-hn {][m\ kw`-h-v
kmn-bmbXv sImmWv Cu t]cv hcm Imc-Ww.

N{ hjhpw kuc-hjhpw
Cv \psS CS-bn \nc-h[n Ie--dp-I {]Nmc-n-ep.v sIm hjw,ku-c-hjw,N-{-hjw XpSnb {]tbm-K- \nXy Pohn-X-n \mw tIm-dpv. kqcys\ `qan Hcp {]mhiyw {]Zn-Ww hbvp-Xn\v
AYhm `qan {Imn h-nse Hcp _np ISv hopw
AtX _nphn Fn-t-cp--Xn\v FSp-p Ime-bf-hns\bmWv kuc-hjw Fv ]d-bp-Xv. CXv IrXy-ambn-]-d-m 365.242199 Znh-k-am-Wv. AYhm 365 Znh-khpw
5a-Wn-qdpw 48 an\npw 46 skIp-am-Wv. ]s ku-Icymw kuc-hjs 365.25(365 ) Znh-k-am-bn-mWv
IW-mn hcp-Xv. _nkn 46- Pqen-bkv kok-dmWv
Ie--dns BZy cq]s imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-jvI-cnX.v
CuPn-]vjy tPymXn imkv{X \m-bn-cp tkm\n P\ns D]-tZ-i-{]-Im-c-amWv Atlw Xs Ie--dn\v cq]w
\In-bXv.
Pqen- b Ie- - d n icm- i cn hj- ns
ssZLyw 365.25 Znh-k-amn \nP-s-Spn . Fnepw
km[m-cW hj-n\v 365 Znhkw hoXhpw \m-ep-hjw

IqSp-tm 366 Znh-k-ap-ff Hcp A[n-hj-hhpw Fp

\n-bn--s-p. s^{_p-hcn amk-n\v BImew hsc 30
Znh-k--fmWv Dm-bn-cp--Xv . AXn \npw cp
Znhkw Ipdv B Znh-k-sf Pqembv BKv amkv \In Ah-bv 31Znh-k--fmn amn-bXpw
Cu L-n-em-Wv.
]nIm-ev Pqen-b Ie--dns ]cn-jvIrX
cq]-amb {Knt{K-dn-b Ie- cwK-s-n. Hcp bYm
hj-n 365.242199 Znh-k--fm-Wv DffsX-nepw 365.25
Fv IW-m-n-bm-Wv. Cu Ie- Xm-dm-n-bn-p-f-fXv. BI-e--dmWv Cv km[m-c-W-bmbn {]Nm-c-n-ep-f-fXpw.
lnPvd Ie- N{-hjs ASn-m\ sSpn-bmWv \ne sImf-fp-Xv. kuc hn\v km[m-cW
hjw 365.25 A[nI hj-n\v 366 IW-m-p-Xv
t]mse N{-hjw km[m-cW 354 Dw AXnhjw 355-amWv. IrXy-ambn ]d-m km[m-cW Hcp N{-hjw 354
Znh-khpw 8 aWn-qdpw 48 an\n-p-am-Wv. `n kwJy ]cnK-Wn-p-tm 35411/30 FmWv Fgp-Xp-I.
Jp-B 18:25 ]cm-ain {InkvXp hjw 25
\S Kplm hmkn-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-n Ah-cpsS hn{ia
Ime-b-fhv 300 hj-am-sWpw Ah 9 hjw hnnp Fpw ]d-bpXv kuc hjs N{-hj-amn
309 Bn-b-Xn-s\-Ip-dn-m-Wv. kuc-hj-n\v IW-mn
{]No-\-bp-K-nse a\p-jy \S-m-nb Ie--dns ]cnjvI-cn cq]-am-Wv {KntK-dn-b Ie--sd-n CkvemanI Ie- hyh-m- ]n-X-ambn BIm-i-`q-an- I-fpsS
krjvSnpapX Xs Bcw-`n-n-p-v.
kqdp Xu_-bnse 36mw kqw Cu hkvXp
shfn-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v.

Amlp kqcy\pw N{\pw `qanbpw krjvSn--Xpap-X Hcp Ime-K-W\ XpSv hcp-p-v. hj-n
]{v amkw DZn-m-dp-f-f Nt{m-Z-b-n-\-\p-k-cnv {Ias-Sp-n-b-XmWv Nm-{nI hjw. sskt\m-UnIv amk-{]Imcw Hcp N{- amkw Hcp \ypaq apX ASp
\yqaq hsc-bp-ff Ime-am-Wv. amk \n-b-n\v
tPymXnK-WnX {Inb-I-fn-tev Xf-fn-bnv AXn-k-oXn-bn-sem-msX \ne-bn efn-X-hp-amb amks \nbn-m
Zi-\s ASn-m-\-s-Sp-p-Xv kpXmcyhpw efn-X-hp-ambn amkw \n-bn-m klm-b-I-amWv.
sshhn[y Nn-I-fnepw hyXy ImgvN-m-Snepw
\ne-sIm-f-fp temI P\-X ssZ\w-Zn\ {]h-\-v
{][m-\-ambpw kuc hj-s-bmWv B{i-bn-mdp-f-f-Xv.
Fm Ckvem-an-I-A-\p-jvSm\ I- \nkvImcw
kqcy Ne-\-n-\-\p-k-cnv {Iao-I-cn-p-tm kImXv
t\mv lv XpS-nb I-v N{ hjs
]cn-K-Wn-p-p.
N{ hj-n-\-\p-k-cnv I- {Iao-I-cn-s-Sp-tm Ime-ns Fm- L---fnepw I- {Ias-Sp-m Ignbpw FXv kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. amdn-am-dn-hcp hj-\p-k-cnv A\p-jvSm-\-fpw Ifpw s]cp-mt]m-se-bp-ff BtLmj kpZn-\-fpw
GsX-n-ep-samcp EPp-hn Xf-n-S-s-Sp kml-N-cy-ap-mhmsX DjvW-nepw ssiXy-n-epw iotXm-jvW-nepw
hk--nepw amdn-amdn aX-I- \n-ln-m\pw
AXp hgn Fm-Im-e--fnepw Im-\p-jvTm-\- \nln-m-\p-ff ]cn-Nbhpw ]cn-n-Xnbpw ssIh-cn-m\pw
km[n- p- Xv Ckv e m- a ns Nm{nI Zi\ am\- Z ns am{Xw {]tX-I-X-bm-Wv.

lnPvd Ie-
Nm{nI hjhpw N{-am-khpw {]] krjvSnp-ap-X Bcw-`n--Xm-W-tm. hyh-m-]n-Xhpw kpkvXnchpamb ssien-bn \ne-\n-n-cp {]kvXpX hj-n
\mev amk- {]tXy-Iw- ]-hn-{XX \Isn-p-v. bpw,
A{I-aw,-{]-Xn-Imcw t]mse-bp-ff Imcy- Cu amk-fn {]hn-n-cp-n-.
A{I-ahpw Acm-P-I-Xzhpw A\o-Xnbpw \S-am-Sn-bncp Pmln-en Imepw Cu amkw ]hn-{X-ambn hne-bncp--s-ncp-p. Fm Ccw lo\ IrXy-v
N{-hjs kucy-hj-n-s\m-npw amk--fpsS
{Iaw sXnpw Nne Xncn-adn \Sn apivcn-p-I amk-fpsS {Iaw sXnv N{-hjs ]p\:{Iao-I-cn-p.
AXpImcWw 34 hjw IqSp-tm- am{X-am-Wv bYm
Zpln hn-cp--Xv. Xncp-\-_n(-k)-bpsS {]hm-N-IXz
e_vXnbpsS ]sm-Xmw hjw AYhm lnPvd-bpsS
6mw hjw Zpln bYm- m-\-s-n-b-tm
Xncp \_n(-k) ]d-p. Cuhjw {]]--\m-Y BImi
`qan-Isf krjvSn kabw {Iao-I-cn kzm`m-hnI Ime-KW-\-bn-tev Cu hjw Fn-bn-cn-p-p. (_p-Jmcn
l;\ 3197) Ap apX N{ hj {Iao-I-c-nh
Bi--I amdn lnPvd Ie--dn-\p-ff {Iao-I-c-W-n\v Ifsam-cpn .
]oo-Sv Da(-d) s `c-W-Im-emWv hyh-m-]nX-ambn lnPvdsb Bkv]-X-amn Ckvem-anI Ie--dn\v
cq]w ssIh-cp-Xv . lnPvd d_o-D A-en-em-sW-nepw
hmjnI ImIp-te-j\pw kok-Wp-Ifpw Zpln--bn
Ah-km-\n-nv apld-an Bcw-`w-Ip-dn-p--Xn-\m
Da(-d) XpS--am-k-ambn aplds {Iao-I-cn-pIbmWp-m-bXv. ImcWw. (Iq-Sp-X hnh-c-v C_v\p-A9

Xn-(-d) hns Aap-ld-p hPokv ImWp-I)

ka-b-\njvT
apldw ISv hcp-tm hnizm-kn-I hne-bn-cpt {][m\ Imcy-amWv ka-b-\njvS. Zpln--tbmsS
Hcp sImw Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw apldtmsS ]pXnb
hjw Bcw-`n--Ibpw sNp-tm Ign--Imefn
sImgn-p-t]mb \aIfpsS ho-Sp-n\pw ]p\-:{I-ao-Ic-W-n\pw Im-\p-jvSm-\-fpw Nn-Ifpw Bkq-{XnX-ambn {Iao-I-cn-t--Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. {]_ \mY
Fm-hpw \Inb A\p-{K-l-amWv ka-bw. -Ikv
(\n-t]w) FmWv ka-bs al-p- hnti-jn-n-Xv. \^m-kp HuJmXv hne-a-Xn-m kzv FmWv
Camw -\-h-hn (-d) ka-b-s- ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-bXv. \jvSs- m Xncn- s - S p- m Ign- b m- Xpw apIq- d mbn
hmm Ign-bm--Xp-amWv ka-bw.
kmZyw IqSnbpw Ipd-pw hcmw. kabw As\-b AXv Fpw Hcp-t]m-se-bmWv. Hcp Znh-k-n
Ccp-]-n-\mev aWn-q-dn AXnIw Hcn-epw Inp-I-bn. ]Ww XImew Cs-n ISw hmmw PmkvXn-bps-n kqnv shmw. ka-bs As\ sNphm Xc-an-. \mfs ka-b-nse Hcp `mKw Cs
Bh-iy-n\p ISw hmm Ign-bn-.
Cs kabw \mfs Bh-iy-n\v kqnv
shm\pw Xc-an-. Av Inp kabw Av D]tbm-K-s -Sp--X -Ww. ]Ww Nneh-gn-p- -Xn-t\- m
kq-aX kab hn\n-tbm-K-n A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. kabw
\s-Im-n-cn-n \mw ka-bs Imn-cn--Ww. \nbn Imcyw ka-bv sNm-Xn-cn-p--Xn-\p-ff Hgnhv Ignhv
]d-Xv sImm-bn-. ssZ\w-Zn\w sNbvXv XotIm-cy-sf-]nbpff icn-bmb t_m[w. Ah Hmtcmpw
10

IrXy-k-a-bp sNbvXp Xop-sa--ZrV \nbw . B\nbw sXn-p-I-bn- Ddv CsXmw Hcp hynv
Dm-bn-cn-t A\n-hmcy KpW--fm-Wv.
kab \njvS-bn-s-n Xn Hmtcm-cp-pw
]e \jvS-fpw hp-Iq-Spw. Ign-p-t]mb \mfp-Iv
aS- tam Xncn-p- h-cthm sImgnp Ah-k -c- v
hos-Sptm km[y-a F kXyw Xncn--dn-tb--Xp-v.
Amlp \Inb Ghpw A\p-{K-lo-X-amb cvIm-cy Hv a\pw cv ka-b-hp-am-Wv. hnizm-knv Cl]c hnP-b-n\pff hnn-d-m-\p-ff Irjnbn-S-amWv a\.v
\ Nnbpw DnjvS Xocp-am-\--fpw ss[j-WnI Bkq{X-Whpw \njvI-]S I-fpw ]Iz-amb s]cp-am-hpw hiy-amb kao-]-\hpw DIr-jvS-amb ioe-fpw hnphogvN
at\m-`m-hhpw ka-\-n\v A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-tm IrXy
\njvTbpw kq-a-Xbpw kab \njvTbpsS kmcmw-i-amWv. kmZy timj-W-t-m henb \jvS-ambn ImtWXv kab \jvSs-bmWv `qX-Ime sshIr-X--fpsS
sISpXn `mhnsb _m[nm-Xn-cn-m h-am-\s [\yam-p-I.
\iz-c-amb `uXnI temI-n-eqsS Hcn-te bm{X
sNq. imizX temIv ktmj PohnXw \bn-m-\mbn-cn-Ww Bbm-{X. {]h- ta-L-e-bn\npw {]Xn^etemIsptm \n- lm-b -I-\ m-bXv sImv
Imcyan, AXn-\m Cu hnip amk-n Bkq{XnXm\npw{Inbm-I Ifpw sImv apt-dptm I temI PmhnXw [-tem-I-vap-X IqmIpw kwi-b-an.

11

apldhpw kvarXn-Ifpw
apldw ilvdpm ilvdp An-bm-Av XpSnb \ma--fn Adn-b-s-Sp-p-v. Cu amk-n\v
apldw Fv t]cv hcmIm-cWw C_veo-kn\v kzw
\njn--am--s-Xv sImm-sWv \ma-I-c-W-ns ]eIm-c- W- -e n-s em-mbn ]n- X tcJ-s -S p- nbXv
ImWmw. Am-lp-hns {]tXI ]cn-K-W-\bpw temIv
\n-h[n \nkvXpe kw`-h-v kmyw hln-p-Ibpw
sNbvX-am-k-amWv apldw . apldw {]tXy-IX BZ-chv
\I-s \mev amk--fn Hm-Wv. am\h kaq-ls
kamK-k-c-Wn-bn-sen-m\pw [-Nq-Xn-bn \nv
tamNn-n-m\pw \nbp--cmbAn-bm--fn {][m-\n-IfpsS Pohn-X-n kw`-hn ]e {][m\ hnj-b-pw
apldw ]v kmn-bm-bXv kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. apld-amk- kvacn-m-dp-ff Nne kw`-h-
Ains\ krjvSn-p.
eulp alv^q-fns\ krjvSn-p.
Je-ans\ krjvSnp
Pn_vco (A) s\ krjvSnp
Zpbm-hns\ krjvTnp
{]Y-a-ambn ag hjn-p.
`qbn-tev BZy-ambn A\p-{Klw sNmcnp
BZw(-A)s\ kz^n-mn
BZw(-A)s kzK {]th-i\w
BZw(-A)s Xu_bpsS kzoIm-cyX
CZvcokv (A) \memw BIm-i-tv Dbn
\qlv(A)s\ I-en \nv ]pd-n-dn
C_vdmlow(A) An-bn \nv c-s-Spn
bqkp^v(A) Pbn tamNn-X-\mn
12

bAv-Jq-_v(-A) ImgvN Xncn-Np-Inn

Ckvdm-CuP-\-Xv IS-ens\ ]{v kmc
hgnI-fmn sImSpp
C_vdmlow (A)-s P-\\w
kI-cnm (A)- {]m-\m-e_vZn. aqkm(-A)-am-cW-msc tXmnp
^n-Hu-\n-sbpw Znm-cn-I-fp-sSbpw Ayw
aqkm-\-_n(-A) Xudmv \In
ZmhqZv (A) \njvI-f--\m-sWv ]c-ky-s-Spn
kpsse-am \_n(-A)sb temI N{I-hnbmn
Aq-_v(-A)sb BtcmKy ZrV-Km-{X-\mn
bq\p-kv\-_n(-A)aky hb-n \nv ]pdv
hp.
Cukm \_n (A) s\ cmw BIm-i-ntev Dbn.
apl-Zv \_n(-A)-bn \nv sXp-I-sfpw DmIp--X-sv Amlp Ddv \In Xncp \_n (k)bpsS ]m] kpc-n-XXzw Adn-bn--s-p.
Camw Aen-n(-d)s ]p{X Camw lpssk
(d) I_-e-bn c-km-n-bmbn. (Km-en-b-p
ahm-Cfv 2/86) Kpb-pKm-en-_o)

apldw Ihpw [hpw

apld-am-kn\v ilvdpm (A-m-lp-hn-s-am-kw)
F \maw apld-ans asmcp {]tbmK-am-Wv.ASn-a-Iv
DS-a-tbmSv ASp-m\pw CW-m\pw Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p
al-mb amk-amWv apldw . apld-nse Hcp Znhks t\mn\v Hcp hjs t\mns {]Xn-^ew
e`n-p-sav Xncp \_n (k)-bn \npw D-cn--s-n-pv.
hjm-cw`-nepw hjmhkm\-nepw \nh-ln13

m Nne {]m-\-I \ntZin--s-n-p-v. Ign-Im-e-ns sISpXnb\p-`-hn-mXn-cn-m\pw hcm

t]mIp Imew kpK-a-am-Im\pw AXp-]I-cn-t-mw.
hjm-cw`-n (ap-ldns cmhv) \ntZ-in-s {]m \psS auenZv InXm-_p-I-fnepw kzemXv
InXm-_p-I-fnepw tcJ--Sp-n-bXv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-mw.
auenZv InXm-_p-I-fn ImWp ZnIvdp-Ifpw {]m-\-Ifpw
]qoI ]n- X D- c n- - X ns kam- l m- c - a m- W v .
\AvXp_n-Zm-bXv InXm-_p--ZvInd: XpS-nb {K-fn ]cm-ain--s {]m-\-I-fm-Ip-tm B[n-Im-cnI-Xv asm-c-t\z-j-W-n {]k-n-.
hnip da- f m- \ n\v tijw t\mn\v Ghpw
t{ijvSXbpff amk-am-Wv apldw. \_n(-k) ]d-bpp
^fv \nkvIm-c-v tijw Ghpw t{ijvS-X Xlp-Zn\m-sWn da-fm-\n\p tijw Ghpw {]Xn-^-emlamb t\mv apld-am-k-n-se-t\m-m-Wv. (kz; apkvenw)
hnip Jp-B ^Pv kqd-ns BZy-n {]`m-Xsbpw ]v cmhp-I-sfbpw kmn-\nnbnp--tm.
{]kvXpX ]cm-ai-nse ]v cmhp-I sImp-tin-p-Xv Zplv ]v t]mse apld-am-k-nse
BZy-]v cmhp-Ifpw AXns ]cn-[n-bn hcp-sav {]apJ-cmb ap^-n-dp-I {]_-e-cn \npw D-cn-npv.
(^fm-C-ep HuJmXv 121)
t\mv BZy ]v Zn\--fnepw XpSp-ff ]Xn-s\mmw
Znh-k-nepw \ntin--s--Xmbn ke-^p-I hyam-p-p.
C_v\p- l-P (d)-hn-t\mSv Zpl 9 Znhkw
t]mse apld-anse BZy ]v Zhkw t\mv kpptm F tNmZy-n\v in-bmb kp-p-spw
{]XypX apld-amkw apgp-h t\mv ]nSn- \ntin--s-n-pffXm-sW-mWv
kzlolp apkven-ans
14

lZokv D-cn-v C_v\plP(-d) hy-am-n-bn-bXv.

apldw ]nse t\mv Hcp hjs ]m]w
s]mdp-n-p-sapw Xncp \_n(-k)-bn \npw D-cn-s-n-p-v. apldw HXv t]mse ]n\v tijw ]Xns\m-p-IqSn Ds-Spn blq-Zn-I-tfmsS-Xn-cm-Im Xncp
\_n(-k) ]d lZokv CXn-t\mSv tNv hmbn-pI.
(A-lva-Zv) Cu hnip Zn\-sf [\yam-m ]qoI {]m-\-Ifpw ZpB-Ifpw \nt-in-p-p.

apldw ]nse ZnIvdp-I

CXn\v tijw Xmsg-bp-ff {]m\ \nh-ln-pI,

Amlphns s]mcpw e`n-p--Xm-Wv.

hniz-{]-kn ]n-X Ama C_v\p-l-P-dn

Camw AkvJ-em\n (d) apldw ]n\v sNmm \ntin--Xm-Wv Cu ZpB. CXv \nh-ln-p--h-cpsS lrZ-b-fn \npw Cuam-\nI {]Imiw \jvS-s-Sp-I-bn-v
alm DWn-bn-cn-p-p.

C{]-Imcw sNmp--hv {]kvXpX hjn Hcp D]{Z-hphpw Gp-I-bn-.

]m]- s]mdp-n-p-Xpw ]c-temI ]Z-hn-I Dbp-Xp-amb kzse \n[n-bmWv Cu ZnIv Fv \_n(-k)

]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p.

tZmi- Cm-Xm-hm\pw Am-lp-hns {]oXn

Ic--am-m\pw Imc-W-am-Ip al-mb hP-\-am-WnXv.
15

16

Bkq-{X-Whpw {Iao-I-c-Whpw
D- X- amb Nne Xocp-a m- \- ssI sImf- f m\pw
DZmamb aqey-sf apdpsI ]nSn-m\pw Pohn-X-n
Nne Nn-Ifpw {Iao-I-c-fpw hcp-m\pw A\p-tbm-Pyamb amk-am-Wv apldw. \ Xocp-am-\- FSp-p-Ibpw
FSp Xocp-am-\- \S-n hcp-p-Ibpw sNm-\p-ff
\ne-]m-SnemWv hnizmkn BZyw Fn-t-tc-Xv. Xncnv
t\mp-tm \nc-h[n Ah-k-c- \jvS-s-n-p-m-Imw.
Ah-bn \nv ]mT-apsImv ]pXp Pohn-X-n\v Xm-sdSp- pI. Pohn- X - n \ Imcy- \ne \nm\pw
Bob ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-m\pw Ccw \- k-a-b
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-t-Xpv \ ey-tmsS \nh-ln--sSp Fm Imcy-fpw ]pWy-am-Wv.

\ne-hn \apv Xm]-cy-ap-f-f-sXms KpW-apX-. KpW-ap-f-fXv s]mXp-hn Xm]-cy-s-Sm-dn. hyn

PohnX-n s]mXp-hmbn Ip-h-cp B-im-I-c-amb
{]h-W-X-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu ip_`I-c-a-m \ne-]m-Sn \np
hyXy--ambn KpW-ap-ff Imcy- Xm]-cy-s-Sm\pw
Xm]-cy-s-Sp Imcy- KpW-ap-f-f-Xm-m\pw {iant--Xp-v.
aZyw, ]pI-hen, ab-p-a-cpv Xp-S-nb kmaq-lnI
Xna-I KpW-ap-f-f-X Fv Xncn--dn-npw Xm]-cys]-Sp--h-cp--tm. kI- KpW-ap-f-f-Xm-sWv
t_m[y-s-npw Xm]-cy-s-Sm-sX ap kmaq-lnI Xn-Ifmb aZyw ab-p-a-cpv ]phen XpS-nb KpW-I-c-a-m
amc-I-{]-h-W-X-Isf Xm]-cy-s-Sp Ah--bn \npw
amdn \nt--Xp-v. AXn\v DNn-X-amb Xocp-am-\-sa-Spv
\S-n hcp-m-\p-ff amk-amWv apldw. ams Ipdnv
17

Nnn-m--hv hnP-bn-m km[n-p-I-bn- F

B]vX hmIyw CXn-t\mSv tNv hmbn-p-I.
ssZ\w-Zn\Pohn-X-n {Ia-s-Sp-t Nne NnIfpw GXm\pw acym-Z-Ifpw \n-ln-m Nne \nt-i ]cn-N-b-s-Smw. Zn-hkw kp_vln-bpsS Hcp apn
Av an\pv aps-nepw apv F-Wo-p-I. Znh-k-ns
lrZbw ({]-[m\ ka-bw) Am-g-k-a-b-am-Wv. B kabw
]mgm-m-Xn-cn-m ]c-am-h[n {ianp t\mq. \S-m-Xncn-n-.
IjvS-m-Sp-I-fn \nv Ic-I-b-hpw {]mcm-_v[-fn\nv tamN- \ hpw
{]m\me_v Znbpw ssI
hcnm\pXIp Cuk- a bw D]- t bm- K - s - S p- pI.
DWbp-Ss\ Am-lpth kvXpXn-m ad--cp-Xv.
DWm _nkvan-tbmsS ankvhmv sNp-I.
ImcWw FWo--bp-Ss\ ankvhmv sN kp-p-v.
\nkv^p Cuam (hn-izm-k-ns ]IpXn Fv hntijn-n--s] ]v Imcy--fn Hv ankzmv sN-emWv. Nn-I ]menv {]mY-anI I-fpw tijw ankvhmtm-Sp-IqSn ]cn-]q-amb hpfqDw \nh-lnv \nZnjvS
ZnI-dp-Iv tijw BIm-i-tv t\mn BepCwdm\nse Ah-km-\s ]v Bb-p-I ]mcm-bWw
sNpI. lrZb ipnbpw Z hrnbpw AwK-kv\m\hpw (hp-fq-Av) hkv{X ipnbpw {]m-\-Ifpw ZnIvdpIfpw kzoI-cn--s-Sm\pw A\p-{K-l- ssIh-cn-m\pw
Imc- W - a m- I pw. ]cn- ] q- a mb hpfq- A v BbpssZ
Lyn\v D-X-IpsXs{X.
lm-Zv(-d) FWobpSs\ hpfq-Av sNbvX tijw
aqv ^mXnl HmXm-dp-v. Hvkap-Zmb ]ptcm-K-Xnpw
asmv ac-W-s--hpw aqm-a-tXv kz-n\pw
18

thn-bpamWv. ]mcm-bWw ap-f-f-h-cpsS ta-n\pw

kpc--p-ap-ff {]h-\hpw {]b-Xv\hpw kzw ]ptcmK-Xnbpw ktm-jhpw a\k:am[m-\hpw ssIh-cn-m
\-Xm-sWv Xncp \_n(-k) ]d--Xmbn iodmkn (d)
D-cn-n-p-v.
F ZnIv 116 {]mhiyw sNm
p-Xv lrt{ZmKw hcmXn-cn-m\pw am\-knI hnj-a-fn \nv tamN\w t\Sm\pw DX-Ip-sav lmZv (d) ]Tnn-p-p.
Xl-pZv \nkvImcw cv dIv-A-sX-epw \nhln-p-I. tijw A]w Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNpI
. kk-ar-nbpw a\:kam-[m-\hpw t\mSm klm-bnpw.
kp_vlv Pam-A-n\v ]pcp-jam ]f-fn-bn-tev
t]mhp-I. ]v hn[w Nph-Sp-I {]tXIw tcJsSppw.)
1)]f-fn-bn-tepff \Sw.
2) Bo-b-a-Pven-kp-I-fn-tepw Adnhv km-[-\n\v thn-bp-ff km-cw.
3)- lv Dwd- -sS bm{X
4) Xzhm-^n-ep-ff \Sw
5) tcmK ki-\w
6) P\m-k-sb A\p-K-an-
7) As\ hgn-\-S-m klm-bn-pI
8) IpSpw_ ki-\w
9) lem-emb tPmenv th kmcw
10) [ ka-c-n\v thn-bp-ff \Sw
Hmtcm Nph-Sn\pw 10 apX 700Dw AXn\v apI-fpepw
{]Xn-^ew \I-s-Sp-tm \ \jvS-s-Sm-Xn-cn-m\pw
PohnX]cp-tcm-KXn ssIh-cnv B-\nhrXn Ic--amm-\pw DrX Imcy- ioe-am-m-I. ]f-fn-bn-tev
\S-p--hv ]c-tem-Iv {]tXIw ]cn-K-W-\bpw
{]Im-ihpw \I-s-Spw.Hmtcm Nph-S-Sn-bpw kw`-hn ]m]sf ambvp-I-f-bm\pw s]m-dp-n-m-\p-ap-ff DnjvS Imcy19

-fmWv Fv Xn-dn-tb-n-bn-cn-p-p. \apv XpSmw.

]f-fn-bn Ib-dp-tm heXv Im sh-p-I.
tijw lZo-kn h ZnIv sNmn cv ilm-Zv Iena
sNmp-I. CAv-Xn-Im-^ns \nXv ad-cpXv. hpfq-Cs
kppw Xln-pw kp_vln-bpsS app-ff cv dIvAXpw ad--cp-Xv.hfsc ]pWy-ap-f-fXpw \n-ln-m Ffp-ap-f-f-Xp-am-Wv. `uXnI temI-n\pw AXn-epf aqey-hmb apgp-h hkvXp-Ipw hne \nbn-m e`y-amtb-m-hp aqeyw Ahm-Pyhpw IW-m-m {]bm-khp-amsWn AXn-t\-m {]Xn-^-ehpw aqeyhpw {]m[m\y-ap-ff Imcy-amWv kp_vln-bpsS ap-ff cv dIv-A-Xv.
(apkvenw)
_mn\v {]Xyp-cw \Ip-tm
FXn\v {]kvXpX Iena adp]-Sn-bmbn ]d-bp--tXm-sSw lm-Zn sNmm-dp-ff
F
Xpw IqSn Ds-Sp-p-tXm-Sw _mns tij-ap-ff
{]m\ Ign-m Hcp Bb-Xp IpknvIqsS ]mcmbWw sNpI. ]c-tem-Iv {]tXyIw ]cn-K-Wn--sSpw.
.
kp_vln-bpsS kpv \nkvImc tijw Jn_ve`n-ap-J-ambn he-Xp-`m-K-n-s -ta sNcnv InS-
kp-pv AXn

Fv {]mn-epw Xncp \_n(-k) ]Xn-hm-n-bn-cp-p.

tijw Jn_ve-v Xncn-n-cpv ZnIvdpw ZpBbpw \nhln-p-I
40 hhpw
F ZnIv 40 Xh-Wbpw sNmpXv hfsc KpWw
sNpw. ad-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
20

kp_vlv \nkvImcw tijw Aw Jp-B ]mcmbWw sNpI. \_n(-k) kqtcm-Zybw hsc {]m-\-Ifn apgpInbncp-Xv kzlo-lmb lZo-kn hn-p-v.
^Pv kzmZnJv (Da {]`m-Xw) shfn-hm-bXv apX kqtcymZbw hsc GI-tZiw Adp-]-n-sbv an\p-m-Wv. _mpw
CJm-aXpw \nkvIm-c-fpw ap-Im-cy-fpw Ign-m IqSpX ka-b-an-s-w. aqv eoem^n HmXp-Xpw ZemC-ep ssJdmpw hnZp--Xzo^pw ]mcm-bWw sNp-Xpw hfsc KpWw sNpw. A]k-abw am{Xta CXn\v
Bh-iy-ap-f-fq. e`y-am-Ip-tXm Af-h {]Xn-^-ehpw DX
hnP-b-h-pam-Wv.
ktlm- Z-c n-a m ASp-- fbn `Ww ]mIw
sNp-tm enCuem^n sImm-cw-`n-pI-I. Af-hnepw
]mIw sNp--Xnepw hnf--enepw asm ]cn-K-W-\o-bamb hnj-b--fnepw _nkvan ad--cpXv _d-IXv \jvS-amtb-mw. sImp-Ip-p-v thn D-am _nkvan
sNmp-Ibpw sNdnb Ipn-Isf ioen-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
`-W-n\v Ccn-p--Xn\p apmbn ssIbpw apJhpw
IgpIn ioen-n-p-Ibpw AXv \nh-lnv cn-Xm-
amXrI ImWn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. As\ sNm-Xn-cnpXv Btcm-Ky-n\v lm\n-I-c-am-Wv.
\nev Nnp-Xpw tai-bn NnX-dp-Xpw kqnp-I. Ignp-tm ssI hncep-I am{Xw D]-tbm-K-sSp-p-I. Hcp-anv Ccpv `Ww Ign- _d-v
ssIh-cn- m\pX-I pw. `W thf- bn KpW-I-c- amb
kwkm-c- kp-m-Wv. Camw \hhn (d) AXv hni-ZoI-cn-n-p-v. hmbn `Ww Dm-bn-cns kemw ]db-cp-Xv. CXv thW-sav Dds hnfnp ]d-b-Xv `qjW-a. Bh-iy-ap-s-n ]Xps ]d-bp-I. A\m-hiy
]cm-aihpw Ak`y-fpw KpW-I-c-a-m ap-Im-cyfpw `W thf-bn-]-d-bp-Xv Btcm-Kys Kpcp-X-c21

ambn _m[npw . `Ww Ign-p-Xv {Ia-ambpw anXmam-bp-an-cn--Ww. bmsXmcp \n-bhpw \ne-bp-an-msX

Fsnepw Ftm-sg-nepw Ign-p-Xv Btcm-Kys
\in-npw. AXns ^ew DSs\ In-s-nepw A]ISw kmh-Imiw IS-p-h-cmw. Xd-bn-en-cpv `n-epw
sNcpv Ducn shepw `W acym-Z-I-fn s]-Xm-Wv.
`-W-n\v apv Dv hmbn-en-Sepw a[pcw `-W-n
D]-tbm-Kn-epw kp-p-I-fn Nne-Xm-Wv. `-W-n\v
apv ]gw Ign- Zl-\s klm-bn-p-sav Camw-Km-en(-d) hy-am-n-bn-p-v.
Ign-p Blmcw KpW-I-c-am-Iepw efn-X-am-Iepw
\-Xm-Wv. `-W-n\v appw CS-bnepw shffw IpSn-cpXv .{]-[m\ `-W-n-S-bn \mep-a-Wn-q-sd-nepw
hnS- h p- m-b n- c n- - W w. `- W tijw hnc N
kppv. AXv Zl-\s kpK-a-am-pw.
cmhnse Aw \S- kp-p-v. Xncp-\-_n(k) tcmK ki\-n\pw Ah-isc kam-iz-kn-n-m\pw
s]mXp-P\ tkh-\- n\pw Ccw kmcw D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-n-bn-cp-p.
hon Ib-dp-tm heXp Imshv
Fv sNmp-Ibpw tijw A-ln-m-n sNmm-dpff kemw sNmp-Ibpw bYm-{Iaw ^mXnl CJvemkv ,^eJv ]mc-bWw sNp-Ibpw sN hon \ hnm Ic-W-am-Ip-sav A\-kv(-d) Xncp \_n(-k)-bn
\npw D-cn-p-p. {]k--X-tbm-sS-bp-ff BK-a-\hpw
]pn-cn-tbm-sS-bp-ff hc-th]pw IpSpw_ _w kpZrU-am-Im\pw A\p-{K- ssIh-cn-m\pw \-Xm-Wv.
tIm]w ss]im-Nn-I-am-sWv Xncn--dn-bp-I.
fplm \nkvImcw ]Xn-hm-pI. ico-c-n-ep-ff Rcp-I-fp-sSbpw t^mkn-ep-I-fp-sSbpw {Iao-I-c-W-n-\pw
22

cN{aW hyh-pw \mw \Ip \nIp-Xn-bpsS

m\-m-W-Xv. kqtcym-Z-b-ns tijw Av Un{Kn
Ign-m(-G-I-tZiw 20 an\p-v) Bcw-`n-p fplm
\nkvIm-c-k-a-bw-a-Zymw hsc \ne-\np-p. apq-dn-eZnIw \ne-\nm-dp-ff kpZoK-amb ka-b-n-\p-f-fn
Hcp aqc an\p-s-nepw fplm \nkvIm-c-n\v \apv amnsh-mw. hnZym-e-b-nt]m-Ip--hpw tPmenv lmPcm-Ip--hpw as-m-hpw kJ-a-ambn \nh-ln-m
]nb \ne-bn-emWv fpB-bpsS kabw. AXn-\m Inp
Ah-k-c- \jvS-s-Sp--cp-Xv. \jvS-s Ah-k-c
Xncnv sImv hcm Ign-bp-I-bn-. fplm \nkvImcn\p tijw
F ZnIv 11 {]mhiyw sNmp-I.
tijw Xmsg ImWp ZpB sNp-I.

{]`mX `-W-n\v {]m[m\yw \Ip-I. KpW-Ichpw t]mj-Ihpw AS-n-b-Xm-hm {]tXIw {inpI.

ico-cs Ghpw IqSp-X kzm[o-\n-p `Ww
{]`mX `-W-am-Wv. `Ww Ccpv Ign-pI . \nv Ignp-Xv Zl\ hyh-sb _m[n-pw.
23

Jp-B ]mcm-b-Whpw hnZymn-I-fpsS ]T\hpw Fgppw hmb-\bpw Jn_ve- -_n- ap-J- am-h- s.
]q (Ing-v)Znn-tetm ]na (]Sn-m-dv) Zntetm Xncn-m-hWw hmb\bpw ]T-\-hp-sapw Hcnepw ImnI BIjW hnIjW taL- e - bmb
sXp hSv Znntev Xncnv sImm-h-cp-sXpw
BtcmKyimkv{Xw ]Tn-n-p-p. a\-ns\ aen\ ampXpw B-cnI kwLj- Wnv hcp-pIbpw
sNp coXn-bn-emWv Cs hm am[y-a-. Ignbp-Xpw cmhnse ]{Xw ]mcm-bWw sNp--Xn \npw
hnv \n a\-kw-Lj- Hgn-hm-Im \-Xm-Wv.
fpl v d ns appw tij- h p- a p- f f kpv
\nkvImcw \nh-ln-pI Fv Xnc-m-sW-nepw Pam-Ans Imcy-n ipjvImn ImWn-t-XmWv.
D `- W - n\v hon- s e- p- t m AXnYn
kImc-n\v kml-N-cy-sam-cp-p-I. AXn-Yn-bpsS IqsS
BYn-tX-bs\ Bioh-Zn-m Bbncw ae-p-I BKX-am-Ip-sav lZo-kn-ep-v. am{X-a Am-lp-hns {]tXyI
]cn-K-W\ kImc {]nbp-m-Ip-sav Xncp \_n(-k)
]Tn-n-p-p-v. ki-Isc BZ-c-thmsS kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw
Fgp-tv BZ-cn-p-Ibpw thWw. ap-f-f-hv th[-\tbm
Aku-I-cytam Dm-Im--hn[w hon s]cp-am-dm ioen-Ww.
kuI-cy-am-sW-n fplvdn-\p-apv Aw- hn-{i-an Xl-pZv \nkv-I-cn-p--hv kp-m-Wv. AXn\v
Jbveq-eXv Fv ]d-bpw. D `W tijw Aw abp ]Xn-hp--nepw \ntZ-in--s--Xmbn ImWm
Ign-n-n-.
Ak \nkvIm-c-n\v apv \mep dIv-AXv \nkvIcn-p--hv dlva-n\p thn Xncp \_n(-k) {]tXyIw
24

{]mn-n-p-v. AXp sImv Xncp \_n(-k)-bpsS ZpBbn Ds-Sm Ak-dn\p apv \mev dIv-AXv \nkvI-cnpI . cv dIv-A-n HXp--cp-Xv. {]m\ \mep dIvAXv \nkvI-cn-p-hImsWv ad-m-Xn-cn-p-I. h
Imc-W-h-imepw Ak-dn\p apv \nkvI-cnm Ign-n-ns-n tijw \nh-ln-p-I. Xnc-p-sv tXmppthm DffXncv amnhv Am-lp-hns dlvaXv hcpw
\mfp-I-fn A\p-`-hn-m\pw Bkz-Zn-m-\p-ap-f-f-Xm-sWv
Xncn--dn-bp-I.
Ak-dn\p tijw Aw Jp-B ]mc-mb-Whpw
kzw \S-hpw kp-m-Wv. \ Iqp-Imsc krjvSnm\ pw khrsc kin - m\ pw { ]kv X pX
kmcwD]- t bm- K -s - Spmw. \S- -n Xncnp
t\m-cpXv. \_n (-k) \S--n Xncnv t\mm-dnsv Camw _pJm-cn(-d) dntmv sNp-p.
aKvcn_v\p apv Xs hqfq-Av sNpI . ktlm-Zcn-amcpw Cu hnj-b-n IWn-iX ImWn-t--Xp-v.
Jn_ve v A`n-a p- J - a mbn Aw Ccpv Xkv_ olv
sNmpI kzK-n A\p{K tXmw e`n-m Imc-Wam-Ipw.
Ign-bp-sa-n aKvcn-_v\p-apv cv dIv-AXv \nkvIcn-m \nt-in--s-n-p-v. aKvcn_v\p tijw dhmXn_v \nkvI-cn-p--tXmSw cvd-Iv-A-sX-nepw Am_o \nkvImcw \nh-ln-p-I. Cuam kpc-n-X-amhm\pw lrZb ipn hcp-m\pw Imc-W-amhpw.
Cim aKvcn-_n\p tijw A\m-hiy kwkm-c-
Hgn-hm-p-I. {]iv\ ]cn-lm-c-n\v ^mXn-lbpw, sseep JZvdns {]Xn-^ew e`n-p kP-Zbpw, ISw
hoSm\pw J_v \m-m\pw bmko\pw, Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw
ae-p-I-fpsS {]m\ e`n-p kqdp ZpJm\pw,
25

imIn-dmbn (\-n-bp-f-f-h ) ]cn-K- Wn-m kqdp

dm\pw, Zcn{Z \nm-P-\-n\v hmJn-Abpw, J_vdnse
kz-Xpw kpc-pw kqd-p apIpw ap
sNdnb kqd-p-Ifpw ]mcm-bWw
sNm kabw
Is-n-bm kabw A\m-h-iy-ambn ]mgm-Ip-Xn
\nv c-s-Smw.
Cim-C\p app-ff kp-pw tij-ap-ff dhmXn_v hnXv XpS-nb \nkvIm-c-fpw \nh-ln-p--Xn
{i- bq- p-I . \_n(- k) bpsS {]tXyI \ntZ- i hpw
t{]mkm-l-\hpw B hnj-b-n hn-p-v.
lmZv dmXo_v ]Xn-hm-p-I. Cim-C\p tij-amWv
Ghpw Ic-Wob ka-bw. da-fm-\n Cim \nkvIm-c-n\p
apmhmw . lZo-kp-I-fn h ZnIvdp-Ifm kam-l-cn-s lmZv A\p-{K-l-hj-n henb ]v hln-pp.
Ign- b p- {X t\cs `Ww Ign- p- I bpw
kwkmcw Hgn-hmn t\cs Dd-m\pw {in-p-I.
cm{Xn-bn-ep-ff KpW-I-c-am kwkm-c- Dds
_m[np-sav almam ]d-n-p-v. AYn-Xn-I-fp-sn A w Ah- t c mSv kwkm - c n- n- c nmw .
a\:kwLjap-m-hp kwkm-c-fpw ]cm-ai-fpw
kpK-a-amb hn{i-a-s kmc-ambn _m[n-pw.
Dd-p--Xn\v apv hpfq-Av FSp-p-I. ae-pI t\cw ]pe-cp-Xvhsc \apv thn {]mnpw
. Dd-p--Xn\v apv ^mXn-lbpw Bb-Xp Ipknpw
CJvemkpw apA-n-Z-ssX-\nbpw Jn_vev Xncn-n-cpv
HmXn cv Inepw DuXn ico-c-n XS-hn-bm ss]imNnI _m[sb AI-p-sav Xncp \_n(-k) ]d-n-p-v.
A_-J-d-bnse Ah-km\ BbXv Dd-p--Xn\v apv
26

]mcm-bWw sNp-Xv cm{Xn apgp-h \nkvI-cn {]Xn^ew Inp Imcy- a m- W v . Xkv _ olpw Xlv e oepw
XIv_odpw _nkvanI dn XpS-nb ZnIvdp-Ifpw sNmn
InS-p-I. Ipn-Itf sXmn-entem s_Untem InS-ptm _nkvanbpw ZpBbpw \nh-lnv InS-p-I.
InSw Jn_vev Xncn-m-hpI. AXv heXv `mKw
sNcnv InS-p-I-bm-sW-n Hp-IqSn ]pWyw e`np-p. am{X-a heXv `mKw sNcnv InS-p-Xv Zl\
{]{In-bv klm-b-I-am-sWv imkv{Xw ]d-bp-p. Ddp--Xn\v apv Ipw apJhpw Imepw IgpIn Dd-m
BtcmKy imkv{Xw ]d-bp-tm Cmw \ntZ-in hpfqCs alXzw Cu I-\tbmSv tNv hmbn-p-I.
Dd-p--Xn\p apv A Ilv^nse Ah-km\
cm-b-p-I ]mcm-bWw sNp-Xv t\cs DWcm klm-bn-pw. C{Xbpw Imcy- \S-n hcpm Xocp-am-\n-p-I-bpw \S-n hcp-m Bcw-`np-Ibpw sNbvXm Cu Imcy- {]bmk cln-X-ambn
Bbm-k-tmsS \nh-ln-m Ignbpw . AXv hgn \nch[n ]pWy-fpw A\-h[n t\-fpw e`n-p-Ibpw
sNpw.
BgvN-Ifnse I-
hnizm-kn-Iv Zn\ Ncy-bn IrXy-amb \ntZ-i Df- f - X p- t ]mse Bgv N- I - t fmS\p- _ - npw Nne
{]m-\-Ifpw I--fp-apv Ah-bn NneXv
Xn-fm-gvNbpw hygm-bvNbpw I- Db
sSp kpZn-\--fmWv. {]kvXpX Znh-k--fn t\mv
]nSn- {]tXyIw kp-p-v. Xncp \_n(-k) ]Xn-hmnb Cu t\mv ]nSn-m ]cn-io-en-p-I. Btcm-Kyhpw
]ptcm-K-Xnbpw Bob KpW-fpw t\SnsbSp-mw.

27

RmdmgvN Znhkw

Fv Fgp-]Xv {]mhiyw

]d-bp-Xv B]-p-Isf XS-bm\pw hnj-a- Zqco-I-cnm\pw DX-Ipw.

Xn-fmgvN
F ZnIv apqdv {]mhiyw
sNmp-Xv KpW-IcamWv.
sNmmgvN
F ZnIv sNmp-Xv An
A]-I-S--fn \nv c-bm-Wv.
_p[-\m-gvN-I-fn
F ZnIv 700 {]mhiyw
sNmp-Xv A]-IS ac-W-fn\npw tamN\w t\Sm\pw
Cuam J_n Dun-bp-d-n-m\pw \-Xm-Wv.
hygm-bvN-I-fn
F ZnIv 400 {]mhiyw
sNm Bob ]ptcm-KXn ssI hcn-m \-Xm-Wv.
shf-fn-bmgvNIfn
F ZnIv 1000 {]m
hiyw sNm Ic-Wo-b-am-Wv.
i\n-bm-gvN-I-fn
F hN\w 1000 {]mh
iyw sNmp-Xv {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ e`y-am-Im DX-Ipw.
shf-fn-bm-gvN-I-fnse AI-lv^v ]mcm-bWw Zmens ^nXv\-bn \npw c-s-Sm DXIpw. {]tIm-]-\n-eq-sSbpw {]tem-_-\-n-eq-sSbpw Cuam ]co-n-s]-Stm Zm-ens ^nXv\. Zm BK-X\m-bn-n-snepw ^nXv\ Ctmgpw \ne \np-p.
shf-fn-bmgvN cmhn ssiJv cn^mCu (d) hns
t]cn bmko ]mcm-bWw sNp-Xv ]mns ieyw
Hgn-hm-Im \-Xm-Wv.

amkfnse Nne-Nn--I
amkw Im sNt ZpB ]Tn-pI . hnizmkn-I-fpsS Ie--dmWv lnPvd Ie-. amkw ImWp-tm
sNt ZnIvdpw ZpBbpw ]Tn-p-I.

28

amkw ImWp-tm _nkvanbpw lwZpw sNmn

^mXnl HmXp-Xv Iv kw_--amb {]iv\-v
]cn-lm-c-am-sWv ]n-Xam ]d-bp-p. (\-Av-Xp_nZmbmXv ) amkw ImWp-tm Xncp \_n(-k) Dcp-hn-ncp hyXy {]m-\-I lZokv {K--fn Dcnsn-p-v..DZm

amk-n 3 Znh-k-sa-nepw t\ms-Sp- hfsc

]pWy-ap-ff Imcy-amWv. amk-n-sem-cn--se-nepw hoSpI-fn A _Jd ]mcm-bWw sNp-I. _pZ ss_Xv
Xopw sNmp ]Xnhv hoSp-I-fn \ne \np-tm
amcI tcmK- hcm-Xn-cn-m\pw A\p-{Kl hjw sNmcnb-s-Sm\pw \-Xm-Wv.

\ne-\nstS ioe-
IpSpw_ _w kpZr-V-am-p-I. aokm F
Xpem-kn Ghpw IqSp-X A\p-Iqe `mc-ap-m-Ip
k{]-hn-bmWv. IpSpw_ t]cp-I apK-W\m {IaoI-c-W-tmsS Ub-dn-bnt\mv sNp-I. Bcp-sS-sbs
\-dp-I In-ep-spw Cspw Xncn--dnv Cmh kwL-Sn-n-p-I. BgvN-I-fn-tem-am-k--fntem Hcp-se-nepw t^mWn_-s-Sm\pw CSv kinm\pw kabw I-p-I. XpS--n {]bm-k-am-sWv
tXmm-sa-nepw ]noSv {]bmk cln-Xam-bn- \nh-lnm Ignbpw . kzob {]bm-W-n-\p-ff amw IqSnbm-Wv.
29

Zem-C-epssJ-dmv Akvam-D lpkv\ ,AkvamD_-Zv, t]mse-bp-f-fXv apS-msX ]Xn-hm-p-I. _dIv ssIh-cn-m-\p-X-Ipw.

kao-]-\hpw kwkm-chpw hiy-am-m\pw efn-XPo-hnXw \bn-m\pw ]cn-io-en-p-I. ]c-tem-Iv tJZnt-n-h-cn-.
`uXnI hnj-b-n Iogvtmv t\mn IrX-Xm-a-t\m-`m-hhpw Bob hnj-b--fn apI-fn-tev
t\mn A\p-I-cW Nnm-K-Xnbpw ]pen I \njvS
]men-pI.
Ab_w ]hn-{X-am-Wv. Ctm-p-ff kao-]-\n Ah hogv hcp- n- b mepw Atm- p- f f
k-n ]cn-K-W-\-bn Ipdhv hcp-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
Btcm-sS-nepw ]nW-tam hntZy-jtam D-n
DSs\ CW--tmsS _- ]p: \m]n-p-I.
Im-\p-jvSm-\--fpsS kzoIm-cy-Xsb _m[n-p hnjb- a mWv hnizm- k n- I - t fmSv ]Ibpw hntZz- j hpw hv
]pe F kXyw Kuch ]qw ]cn-K-Wn-pI.
CWsb Xnc-s-Sp-p-tm kwk-Im-c-n\pw
Zo\n\pw apK-W\ \Ip-Ibpw sshhm-lnI Pohn-Xn kvt\lhpw hnp hogvN at\m-`m-hhpw hv ]pen
kvt\l-tm-sSbpw Hsm-cp-a-tbm-Sp-IqSn Pohn-p-tm
AXn P-\n-p Ipp- \-h-cm-bn-Xo-cpw
.
hon Amlpsh Ipdnpff kvac-WIv DXIp kml-Ncyw krjvSn-p-I. Ipp-sf hgn-tI-Snem-p-Ibpw Cfw a\-pI-fn Acm-N-I-Xzhpw Ao-eXbpw Ipn-shv a\v aen-\-am-p-Ibpw sNp Snhn
t]mse-bp-ff D]-I-c- amm-\m-bm a `mhn-bn
30

D]Icnpw.
ams Ipdnv Nnn-m hnP-bn-m Ffp-am-Wv. s]s-p-ff ]cn-h\w hfsc ssIt-dn-b-Xmhmw. a\v aSn-v \npw. ]nimNns a{-am-W-sXv
Xncndnbp-Ibpw hnizm-kn-bpsS B i{Xp-hm-sWv
hne-bn-cp-p-Ibpw sNbvXv am-n\v Xm-dm-hp-I. XpS-n Ijm-bw-tmse Ccn ssIm-sW-nepw ]noSv
a[p-cn-p A\p-`-h-am-Wv.
ktlm-Zcm \apsmcpamw. Ae-k-amb Cu PohnXw Bkz-Zn-p--Xn Hc-hp-an-. AI-se-bm-sWv
\mw IWv Iqp acWw hfsc ASp-m-Wv. C-sn \msf Cu PohnXw Ah-km-\n-p-hm-\p-ffXmWv.
bYm PohnXw ]c-tem-I-m-Wv. Ahpw AXn-cp-Ifpw
Ah-km-\-hp-an-m A\--amb Pohn-n ktm-j-Ic-ambn Pohn-m Cu temIv \-bn-eqsS apt-dp-I
\mY XW--s.
apld-am-k-n A\p-kva-cn-s-Sp Hcp ]mSv
almam-cp-v. Cam-ap ld-ssa\n Camw \hhn (d) XpSn-b-h-cpsS P\-\hpw Camw Ckv^-dm\n (d) Camw kplvd
hZn knZv Aehn Aa-p-dan (d) AlvaZv tImb imenbmn (d) XpS-n-b-h-cpsS hntbm-Khpw Cu amk-n-emWv.
Alvep ss_n {]ap-Jcpw Xncp \_n(-k)-bpsS
t]c-In-Sm--fpamb lk lpssk(-d) XpS-n-b-hsc
A\p-k va - cn- - s-S p- I bpw sNp amkw IqSn-b mWv
apldw.
lnPvd hjhpw amkhpw {Iao-I-cn-m Fkv
Fkv F^v kwm\ Inn {]kno-I-c n cnkme
lnPvdIe- D]-tbmK{]Z-am-Wv. ]hn-{X-amb apld-n
PohnXw kwip--amn Cl-]c hnPbw kwm-[n-m
\mY XpW--s Bao.

31

32