CNG N TP MN HA LP 10

XC NH S LNG CC LOI HT V V TR CA NGUYN T TRONG BTH

Kin thc cn nm
Thnh phn cu to nn nguyn t
Cch xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH
Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca nguyn t
Xc nh nguyn t da vo cu to nguyn t
Vit cu hnh e nguyn t
loi nguyn t
23
35
Bi 1: Cho cc k hiu sau: 11 X v 17Y
a. Xc nh s Z, p, n, e v tn nguyn t.
b. Xc nh v tr ca X v Y trong BTH.
c. Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca Y.
d. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v hiroxit tng ng ca X, Y ng thi cho bit cc hp cht ny
c tnh g?
Bi 2: Cho 2 nguyn t X, Y. Bit rng X c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 3s 2 v Y c s hiu nguyn t
l 16.
a. Vit cu hnh e y ca X, Y. Cho bit X, Y thuc loi nguyn t g?
b. Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong BTH.
c. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v hiroxit tng ng ca X, Y; cho bit cc hp cht ny c tnh g?
d. Vit s to thnh lin kt trong phn t XY.
Bi 3: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X, Y c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ln lt l 3s23p3, 2s22p3
a. Vit cu hnh e y ca X, Y. T suy ra v tr ca X, Y trong BTH.
b. Gi tn nguyn t X, Y v vit cng thc oxit cao nht, hiroxit tng ng, hp cht kh vi hiro
ca X, Y.
Bi 4: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 21, s ht mang in gp 2 ln s ht khng mang
in.
a. Xc nh s p, n, e v vit k hiu nguyn t X.
b. Xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH.
c. Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca X.
Bi 5: Cho nguyn t R c tng s ht l 115, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 25 ht.
a. Tm s lng mi loi ht ca nguyn t R.
b. Cho bit X thuc loi nguyn t g? Nu v tr trong BTH?
Bi 6: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 52, s ht khng mnag in trong ht nhn gp
1,059 ln ht mang in dng.
a. Xc nh s lng cc loi ht.
b. Nu v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH? Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca X?
8
Bi 7: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 46. Tng s ht khng mang in bng
s ht
15
mang in.
a. Xc nh X, vit k hiu ca X.
b. Cho bit X thuc loi nguyn t g? Nu v tr ca X trong BTH.
Bi 8: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht l 126. S ht ntron nhiu hn s ht electron
l 12 ht. Xc nh s lng cc loi ht ca X.
Bi 9: Tng s ht c bn ca nguyn t Y l 13. Tm s lng mi loi ht p, n, e.
10
Bi 10: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 58, s ht khng mnag in bng
s ht mang
19
in.
a. Xc nh tn v k hiu nguyn t X.
+ H 2O
+ AgNO3
+ HCl
b. Hon thnh s phn ng sau: X
A
B
D.

Bi 11: Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c s ht mang in ln hn s ht khng mang in l 8 v s ht

khng mang in bng 52,63% s khi.
a. Tm s p, n, e, nguyn t khi v vit k hiu nguyn t Y.
b. Xc nh v tr ca Y trong BTH v nu tnh cht ha hc ca Y.
Bi 12: Trong ion X3- c tng s ht l 111. S e bng 48% s khi.
a. Tm s e, p, n, A ca ion X3-.
b. Xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH.
Bi 13: Ion X2- c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6
a. Xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH
b. Nu tnh cht ha hc ca X.
Bi 14: Cation X+ c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 3p6
a. Vit cu hnh e ca X+, X.
b. Anion Y2- c cu hnh e ging X+, vit cu hnh e y ca Y.
c. Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong BTH.
Bi 15: Tng s ht ca nguyn t ca mt nguyn t R thuc nhm VIIA l 28. Vit k hiu nguyn t
ca nguyn t R.
Bi 16: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 58 v c s khi nh hn 40. Vit k hiu nguyn t
ca X v xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH.
Bi 17: Mt nguyn t Y c tng s ht l 62. Bit rng s khi ca X nh hn 43. Vit cu hnh e ca Y
v nu tnh cht ha hc ca Y.
Bi 18: Tng s ht trong ion X 2- l 50. Trong ht nhn nguyn t X, s ht mang in bng s ht khng
mang in.
a. Tnh s ht mi loi trong X2b. Vit k hiu nguyn t ca X.
c. Xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH.
d. Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca X.
Bi 19: Tng s ht trong ion X2+ l 58, trong ion s ht khng mang in t hn s ht mang in l
18 ht.
a. Tnh s ht mi loi trong X2+ v vit cu hnh e ca X2+
b. Xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH.
c. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v hiroxit tng ng ca X
Bi 20: Cho phn t M2X c tng s ht l 116. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l
36 ht. S khi ca X ln hn s khi ca M l 9. Tng s ht ca X2- nhiu hn trong M+ l 17 ht.
a. Xc nh nguyn t M, X ng thi xc nh v tr ca M, X trong BTH.
b. Vit s to thnh lin kt trong phn t M2X.
XC NH NGUYN T KHI V NG V CA NGUYN T
Kin thc cn nm:
Biu thc tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t c nhiu ng v
Xc nh ng v cn li da vo nguyn t khi trung bnh v ng v khc
Vit cng thc ca cc phn t v tnh phn t khi ca cc hp cht ny.
Bi 1: Brom c 2 ng v bn l 79 Br v 81Br , nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,91. Tnh phn
trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v.
20
22
Bi 2: Ne l hn hp ca 2 ng v 10 Ne 91% v 10 Ne 9%
a. Tnh nguyn t lng trung bnh ca Ne.
b. Tnh khi lng ca 2,24 lt Ne (ktc).
Bi 3: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ag l 107,87, bit rng trong t nhin Ag c 2 ng v, ng v th
109
nht l 47 Ag chim 44%, cn li l ng v th hai. Xc nh ng v cn li .
Bi 4: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Sb l 121,76. Sb c 2 ng v, ng v th nht l
Tm ng v th hai.
40
38
36
Bi 5: Ar l hn hp ca 3 ng v: 18 Ar 99,6%, 18 Ar 0,063%, 18 Ar 0,337%

121
51

Sb chim 62%.

a. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ar.

b. Tnh th tch ca 20,1g Ar (ktc).
35
37
Bi 6: Clo c 2 ng v l 17 Cl v 17 Cl . T l s nguyn t ca 2 ng v l 3:1. Tnh nguyn t lng
trung bnh ca Clo.
10
11
Bi 7: Bo c 2 ng v l 5 B v 5 B , nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo l 10,81.
a. Xc nh phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v.
11
b. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca ng v 5 B trong axit boric H3BO3.
Bi 8: Nguyn t Mg c 3 ng v, s khi cc ng v ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Trong tng s 5000 nguyn
t Mg c 3930 ng v 24; 505 ng v 25; cn li l ng v 26. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Mg.
Bi 9: Mt nguyn t c 3 ng v: ng v th nht c 5 ntron chim 50%; ng v th hai c 7 ntron
chim 35% v ng v th ba c 8 ntron. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca l 12,15 vC. Vit k hiu
nguyn t ca tng ng v.
Bi 10: 1 nguyn t c 2 ng v m s khi l 2 s nguyn lin tip c tng l 25. Xc nh 2 ng v ,
bit ng v nh nht c s p = s n.
Bi 11: Vit cng thc ca cc loi phn t v tnh khi lng phn t ca chng
65
63
16
17
18
a. ng (II) oxit (CuO), bit rng ng v oxi c cc ng v sau: 29 Cu , 29 Cu , 8 O , 8 O , 8 O
16
17
18
1
2
3
b. Nc (H2O), bit rng hiro v oxi c cc ng v sau: 8 O , 8 O , 8 O , 1 H , 1 H , 1 H
16
17
18
12
13
c. Kh cacbonic (CO2), bit rng cacbon v oxi c cc ng v sau: 8 O , 8 O , 8 O , 6 C , 6 C

SO SNH TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T, NU TNH CHT HA HC C BN CA

CC NGUYN T
Kin thc cn nm
Qui lut bin i tnh cht (tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim, m in, gi tr m in) ca cc
nguyn t trong cng 1 chu k, 1 nhm A.
Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca cc nguyn t.
Bi 1: So snh bn knh nguyn t, tnh kim loi hoc tnh phi kim v sp xp theo chiu gim dn ca
cc nguyn t sau:
a. N (Z = 7), O (Z = 8), F (Z = 9), Cl (Z = 17)
b. Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z = 12), Al (Z = 13), K (Z = 19)
c. P (Z = 15), O (Z = 8), N (Z = 7), F (Z = 9)
Bi 2: Cho cc nguyn t sau: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Cl (Z = 17)
a. Xc nh v tr ca tng nguyn t trong BTH
b. T v tr trong BTH, nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca cc nguyn t trn.
Bi 3: Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s ht l 34, trong s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht
mang in dng l 1 ht.
a. Xc nh s Z, p, n, e v vit k hiu nguyn t ca Y.
b. Xc nh v tr ca Y trong BTH v nu tnh cht ha hc ca Y
c. So snh tnh kim loi v bn knh nguyn t ca Y, Mg (Z = 12), K (Z = 19), Al (Z = 13)
Bi 4: Cho cc nguyn t Mg (Z = 12), Na (Z = 11), K (Z = 19), Si (Z = 14)
a. Xc nh v tr trong BTH ca cc nguyn t trn.
b. Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tng dn: tnh kim loi, m in, bn knh nguyn t.
c. Vit cng thc hp cht oxit cao nht ca cc nguyn t trn v sp xp theo trnh t tnh baz
gim dn.
XC NH NGUYN T HA HC LIN TIP NHAU TRONG CNG 1 CHU K, 1 NHM A
Kin thc cn nm vng
Biu thc lin h gia 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 chu k, lin tip nhau trong BTH.
Biu thc lin h gia 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 nhm A, 2 chu k lin tip
Cch xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH.
Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca cc nguyn t.

Cng thc oxit cao nht v hiroxit tng ng ca cc nguyn t v tnh cht cc hp cht ny.

Bi 1: Hai nguyn t A v B thuc cng 1 chu k, 2 nhm A lin tip, c tng in tch ht nhn l 25.
a. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong BTH.
b. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v hiroxit tng ng ca A, B ng thi cho bit cc hp cht ny
c tnh g?
Bi 2: Hai nguyn t X v Y thuc cng 1 nhm A, 2 chu k nh lin tip, c tng s proton l 24 (Z Y >
ZX)
a. Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong BTH.
b. Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca Y.
c. Vit qu trnh to thnh ion ca nguyn t X, Y.
Bi 3: Hai nguyn t X, Y thuc cng 1 nhm A, 2 chu k nh lin tip, c tng s hiu nguyn t l 22.
a. Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong BTH.
b. Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca X, Y.
c. Tnh % khi lng ca X, Y trong oxit cao nht ca chng.
Bi 4: Hai nguyn t A v B lin tip nhau trong 1 chu k c tng s proton l 39.
a. Xc nh tn A, B v nu v tr ca A, B trong BTH.
b. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v hiroxit tng ng ca A, B v cho bit cc hp cht ny c tnh
g?
c. Vit qu trnh to thnh ion ca A, B.
Bi 5: Cho 2 nguyn t A v B thuc cng 1 nhm A ca 2 chu k nh lin tip c tng s n v in
tch ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t l 24. Hai nguyn t D v E ng k tip nhau trong cng 1 chu k, tng s
khi ca chng l 51. S ntron ca E ln hn ca D l 2, s electron ca D bng s ntron ca n.
a. Xc nh v tr ca A, B, D, E trong BTH.
b. Sp xp cc nguyn t trn theo chiu tng dn ca bn knh nguyn t.
XC NH NGUYN T DA VO OXIT CAO NHT HAY HP CHT KH VI HIRO
Kin thc cn nm
Nm c cng thc oxit cao nht cng nh cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro ca cc nguyn t
t IA n VIIA.
Cng thc tnh % khi lng ca nguyn t trong hp cht.
Bi 1: Cho bit nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi hiro c dng RH 2. Trong oxit cao nht ca R, oxi
chim 60% v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 2: Cho bit nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi hiro c dng RH 3. Trong oxit cao nht ca R, nguyn
t R chim 43,66% v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 3: 1 nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi hiro c cng thc l RH 3, trong cng thc oxit cao nht ca R
cha 74,07% oxi v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 4: Cho bit nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi hiro c dng RH 4. Trong oxit cao nht ca R, nguyn
t R chim 27,273% v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 5: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c cng thc l RO 2. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro th R chim
87,5% v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 6: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c cng thc l RO 3. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro th R chim
94,12% v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 7: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c cng thc l R2O5. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro th hiro chim
17,65% v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 8: Nguyn t R c ha tr trong oxit bc cao nht bng ha tr trong hp cht kh vi hiro, phn t
khi ca oxit ny bng 1,875 ln phn t khi ca hp cht kh vi hiro. Xc nh tn R.
Bi 9: Oxit cao nht ca R c dng l R 2Ox, phn t khi l 183vC, trong cng thc ny oxi chim
61,2% v khi lng.
a. Xc nh nguyn t R.
b. Xc nh v tr ca R trong BTH.
c. Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca R.

XC NH NGUYN T DA VO TNH CHT HA HC

Kin thc cn nm:
Tnh cht ha hc ca kim loi nhm IA, IIA, IIIA.
Cng thc tnh C%, CM, khi lng dung dch, % khi lng ca kim loi trong hn hp
Vit phng trnh ha hc.
Bi 1: Ha tan 0,69g mt kim loi kim M vo 49,34ml nc thu c 0,03g kh (ktc)
a. Xc nh M
b. Tnh C% ca dung dch thu c.
Bi 2: t chy hon ton 1,8g kim loi M thu c 3,4g oxit M2O3. Xc nh kim loi M.
Bi 3: Cho 0,48g mt kim loi X thuc nhm IIA tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl thu c 0,448 lt
kh (ktc).
a. Xc nh kim loi X.
b. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh sau phn ng.
Bi 4: Nguyn t X thuc nhm IIA c tng s ht l 36.
a. Xc nh tn X.
b. Cho 4,8g X ha tan hon ton vo 200ml dung dch HCl (d = 0,8 g/ml). Tnh C% ca dung dch
thu c.
Bi 5: Cho 8,8g hn hp 2 kim loi 2 chu k lin tip nhau v thuc nhm IIA tc dng vi dung dch
HCl d th thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Xc nh tn 2 kim loi v tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng
mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
Bi 6: Cho 5,85g mt kim loi kim A tc dng vi nc th c 0,15g kh thot ra v dung dch thu c
c nng 20%. Xc nh kim loi kim A v lng nc dng.
Bi 7: Ha tan 13g kim loi Y bng 200ml dung dch HCl (ly d 10% so vi l thuyt) thu c 4,48 lt
kh (ktc).
a. Xc nh kim loi Y.
b. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch HCl dng.