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Dieu Khien Ma Tran LED
Dieu Khien Ma Tran LED
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Li m u:
Ngy nay khi nhu cu v thng tin qung co rt ln , vic p dng cc phng tin k thut mi vo cc lnh vc trn l rt cn thit . Khi bn n cc ni cng cng, bn d dng bt gp nhng p phch qung co in t chy theo cc hng khc nhau vi nhiu hnh nh v mu sc rt n tng. T yu cu ca mn hc k thut vi x l v thc tin nh trn, chng em quyt nh chn ti cho bi tp ln mn hc l:
I) C s l thuyt:
Da trn nguyn tc nh qut mn hnh, ta c th thc hin vic hin th ma trn n bng cch qut theo hng v qut theo ct. Mi Led trn ma trn LED c th coi nh mt im nh. a ch ca mi im nh ny c xc nh ng thi bi mch gii m hng v gii m ct, im nh ny s c xc nh trng thi nh d liu a ra t b vi iu khin 8951. Nh vy ti mi thi im ch c trng thi ca mt im nh c xc nh. Tuy nhin khi xc nh a ch v trng thi ca im nh tip theo th cc im nh cn li s chuyn v trng thi tt (nu LED ang sng th s tt dn). V th hin th c ton b hnh nh ca ma trn n, ta c th qut ma trn nhiu ln vi tc qut rt ln, ln hn nhiu ln thi gian kp tt ca n. Mt ngi ch nhn bit c ti a 24 hnh/s do nu tc qut rt ln th s khng nhn ra c s thay i nh ca n m s thy c ton b hnh nh cn hin th. S khi:
Gii m ct Data Gii m hng
Ma trn n LED
Nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Cc LED trn cng mt hng s c ni cc chn dng vi nhau. Cc LED trn cng mt ct s c ni cc chn m vi nhau nh hnh v Ta c th m phng mt ma trn Led n gin 4x4 nh sau:
Hng 1 2 3 4
Ct
S thit k ma trn LED Trng thi ca mt LED s c quyt nh bi tn hiu in p i vo ng thi c 2 chn. V d LED sng th in p 5V phi a vo chn dng v chn m phi c ni t, LED s tt khi khng c in p a vo chn dng. Vi ti ny, chng em chn loi ma trn LED 8x8 hin th. Ta c s nguyn l ca Ma trn LED 8x8:
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n LED th nht
n LED th hai
n Led th ba
Thc hin qut dng v ct: Chn ct 1, a in p ct 1 v 0. Sau chn v qut ln lt cc hng 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 nh sau: + n 1 tt in p a vo hng 1 l 0V. + n 2 tt in p a vo hng 2 l 0V. + n 3 sng in p a vo hng 3 l 5V. + n 4 sng in p a vo hng 4 l 5V. + n 5 sng in p a vo hng 5 l 5V. + n 6 sng in p a vo hng 6 l 5V. + n 7 sng in p a vo hng 7 l 5V. + n 8 sng in p a vo hng 8 l 5V. Chn ct 2, ni t. Sau qut ln lt cc hng 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. + n 1 tt in p a vo hng 1 l 0V. + n 2 sng in p a vo hng 2 l 5V + n 3 tt in p a vo hng 3 l 0V + n 4 sng in p a vo hng 4 l 5V + n 5 tt in p a vo hng 5 l 0V + n 6 tt in p a vo hng 6 l 0V + n 7 tt in p a vo hng 7 l 0V + n 8 tt in p a vo hng 8 l 0V Tip tc qut vi cc ct t 3 n 8 bng cch nh trn, sau chuyn sang qut n LED th hai v th ba mt cch tng t. mt ngi nhn bit c ton b hnh nh ca ma trn ta phi tin hnh qut nhiu ln. Do mt ngi khng phn bit c s thay i nh nu nh c qut vi tc 24 hnh/s nn nu ta qut nh vi tc ln hn hoc bng 24 hnh/s th nh s chy lin tc v khng b git
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II) Thit k:
thc hin c vic qut theo hng v qut theo ct ta cn phi lm nhng cng vic sau: Thit k ma trn LED theo m hnh nh ni trn. Thit k b phn knh a vo b gii m a ch ct cho tt c cc im nh. Thit k b m n nh d liu (gm b m hng v b m ct). 1) S khi ca mch hin th dng ma trn LED :
S khi cho mch iu khin ma trn LED 8 x 8. 2)Nhim v ca cc khi: B vi iu khin 8951: y l ni lu gi chng trnh iu khin chnh v d liu cho cc mch gii m hng v ct. AT89C51 l mt h vi tnh 8 bit n chip CMOS c hiu sut cao, cng sut ngun tiu th thp v c 4Kbyte b nh ROM Flash xo c/lp trnh c. Chip ny c sn xut da vo cng ngh b nh khng mt ni dung c tch hp cao. AT89C51 c cc c trng chun sau: 4Kbyte Flash, 128 byte RAM, 32 ng xut nhp, hai b nh thi/m 16 bit, mt cu trc ngt hai mc u tin v 5 nguyn nhn ngt, mt port ni tip song cng, mch to dao ng v to xung Clock trn Chip. Ch ngh dng CPU trong khi vn cho php RAM, cc b nh thi/m, Port ni tip v h thng ngt hot ng.
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i.
Nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com M t cc chn ca IC 8951: Vcc: Chn cung cp in. GND: Chn ni t. Port 0: Port 0 l port xut nhp 8 bit 2 chiu cc D h. Port 0 cn c cu hnh lm bus a ch (byte thp) v lm bus d liu a hp trong khi truy xut b nh d liu ngoi v b nh chng trnh ngoi. Port 0 cng nhn cc byte m trong khi lp trnh cho Flash v xut cc byte m trong khi kim tra chng trnh. Port 1: Port 1 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Khi cc logic 1 c ghi ln cc chn ca port 1, cc chn ny c ko ln mc cao bi cc in tr ko ln bn trong v c th c s dng nh l cc ng vo. Khi lm nhim v l cc port nhp, cc chn ca port 1 ang c ko xung mc thp do tc ng bn ngoi s cp dng do c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Port 2: Port 2 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Khi cc logic 1 c ghi ln cc chn ca port 2, cc chn ny c s dng nh l cc ng vo. Khi lm nhim v port nhp, cc chn ca port 2 ang c ko xung mc thp do tc ng bn ngoi s cp dng do c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Port 2 to ra byte cao ca bus a ch trong thi gian tm np lnh t b nh chng trnh ngoi, v trong thi gian truy xut b nh d liu ngoi s dng cc a ch 16 bit. Port 3: L port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Khi cc logic 1 c ghi ln cc chn ca port 3, cc chn ny c ko ln mc cao bi cc in tr ko ln bn trong v c th c s dng nh l cc ng vo. Khi lm nhim v port nhp, cc chn ca port 3 ang c ko xung mc thp do tc ng bn ngoi s cp dng do c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Port 3 cn c s dng lm cc chc nng khc ca AT89C51: Chn Chc nng P3.0 g vo Port ni tip P3.1 g ra Port ni tip P3.2 g vo ngt ngoi 0 P3.3 g vo ngt ngoi 1 P3.4 g vo bn ngoi ca b nh thi 1 P3.5 g vo bn ngoi ca b nh thi 0 P3.6 iu khin ghi b nh d liu ngoi P3.7 iu khin c b nh d liu ngoi