6.

B LC NHANH

6.101. B lc phi c tnh ton theo 2 ch lm vic, ch bnh thng v
ch tng cng.

Trong cc trm x l c s b lc n 20 cn d tnh ngng mt b lc
sa cha, khi s b ln hn 20 cn d tnh ngng 2 b sa cha ng
thi.

6.102. Tc lc ch lm vic bnh thng v ch lm vic tng cng
khi thiu s liu nghin cu cng ngh c th ly theo bng 6.11; iu
6.103 vi s tnh ton m bo thi gian ca 1 chu k lm vic ca b lc
ln hn 12 h ch bnh thng, v khng nh hn 6h ch tng
cng hoc khi t ng ho hon ton vic ra lc. Thi gian ca mt
chu k lc ch tng cng Ttc khi s lng b lc trong trm ln
hn 20 phi xc nh t iu kin ra lin tc cc b lc theo cng thc:

Ttc > [N-(N
1
+a)] .t
2
(6-19)

Trong :
N - Tng s b lc ca trm x l.
N
1
- S b lc ngng li sa cha.
a - S b lc ra ng thi.
t
2
- Thi gian ngng b lc ra, ly bng 0,35h.

Ghi ch:
t c ch lm vic ti u ca b lc cn m bo t s
t
bv
=1,2+1,3 t
gh

t
bv
- Thi gian tc dng bo v ca vt liu lc, trong khong thi gian
cht lng nc lc quy nh c m bo.
t
gh
- Thi gian t c tn tht p lc gii hn cho php.

6.103 Din tch cc b lc ca trm x l c xc nh theo cng thc:

tb tb
V at aWt TV
Q
F
2 1
6 , 3
=
(m
2
) (6-20)
Trong :
Q - Cng sut hu ch ca trm (m
3
/ngy)
T - Thi gian lm vic ca trm trong mt ngy m (h)
V
tb
- Tc lc tnh ton ch lm vic bnh thng ly theo bng
6.11 v c tnh n vn tc lc tng cng tnh theo cng thc (6-21).
a - S ln ra mi mt b lc trong 1 ngy m ch lm vic bnh
thng (xem iu 6.102)
W
tl
- Cng nc ra (1/s.m
2
) xem iu 6.115 v 6.124.
t
1
- Thi gian ra (h) xem iu 6.115 v 6.124.
t
2
- Thi gian ngng b lc ra xem iu 6.102.

Bng 6.11.

c trng ca lp vt liu lc

Tc
lc
Tc
lc cho
Kiu
b lc
ng
knh
nh
nht
(mm)
ng
knh
ln
nht
(mm)
ng
knh
hiu
dng
d
10
(mm)
H s
khng
ng
nht
K
Chiu dy
ca lp vt
liu lc
(mm)
ch
lm
vic
bnh
thng
Vtb
(m/h)
php
ch
lm vic
tng
cng
Vtc
(m/h)
B lc
nhanh
mt
lp; vt
liu lc
l ct

0,5

1,25

0,6-
0,65

1,5-
1,7

700-800

5-6

6-7,5


0,7

1,60

0,75-
0,8

1,3-
1,5

1300-1500

6-8

7-9,5

thch
anh

0,8

2,0

0,9-1,0

1,2-
1,4


1800-2000

8-10

10-12

B lc
nhanh
c 2
lp vt
liu lc
0,5


0,8
1,20


1,8
0,6-
0,65


0,9-1,1
1,5-
1,7


1,5-
1,7
Ct thch
anh
700-800
Than
antraxit
400-500


7-10



8,5-12

Chi ch:
Tc lc tnh ton trong gii hn cho trong bng phi ly theo cht lng nc ngun,
cng ngh x l nc v cc iu kin c th ti a phng.
lc nc dng cho nhu cu sn xut c yu cu cht lng nc thp hn tiu chun
nc dng cho sinh hot th c th ly tc lc ln hn.
Khi dng vt liu lc khc cn phi chnh l cc thng s da trn cc s liu thc
nghim.
ng knh hiu dng d
eff
tnh bng ng knh mt sng d10.
H s khng ng nht K = d60/d10; d60 v d10 l ng knh mt sng (mm) c 60%
v 10% lng ct lt qua.

6.104. Xc nh s lng v din tch mt b lc phi cn c qui m sn xut,
iu kin cung cp thit b, iu kin xy dng v qun l, v phi
thng qua vic so snh kinh t k thut. S lng b lc khng c nh
hn 2. Din tch mt b lc khng qu 120m
2
.

6.105 Tc lc tnh ton ch lm vic tng cng Vtc (m/h) cn xc inh
theo cng thc:

1
N N
N
V V
tb tc

=
(6-21)
Trong :
Vtb - Ly theo bng 6.11; iu 6.103
Ghi ch:
Tr s Vtc theo cng thc trn phi nh hn tr s cho php ghi trong bng
6.11; nu vt qu ch s cho php th phi gim Vtb cho thch hp.

6.106 Tn tht p lc trong b lc h ly bng 3-3,5 m, trong b lc p lc ly
bng 6-8 m.
Chiu cao lp nc trn mt lp lc trong b lc h cn ly khng nh
hn 2 m, ng thi phi ch n iu 6.107. Chiu cao xy dng ca b
phi vt qu mc tnh ton trong b lc t nht 0,3 m.

6.107. Khi ngng 1 hoc 2 b lc ra, tc lc trong cc b cn li c th
ly c nh hoc thay i, tc lc c php tng n 20%. Khi s b
lc trong trm t hn 6 th cn cho b lc lm vic vi tc lc c nh.
Khi cn d kin mt chiu cao ph Hph (m) pha trn mc nc bnh
thng trong cc cng trnh (b lc, b lng, b lng trong) c th
cha c lng nc d khi dng 1 hoc 2 b lc ra. Chiu cao lp
nc ny tnh theo cng thc:


) m (
F
W
H
ph
E
=
(6-22)
Trong :
W - Khi lng nc (m
3
) tch lu trong thi gian mt ln ra b lc.
F - Din tch tng cng ca nhng cng trnh tch lu nc (m
2
).

6.108. lm vt liu lc phi dng ct thch anh, antraxit nghin nh hoc vt
liu khc c bn c hc v bn ho hc cn thit. bn ho hc
v bn c hc ca vt liu lc phi ly theo Tiu chun TCXDVN
310:2004.
Than antraxit nghin nh phi c ht hnh lp phng hay gn trn, tro
khng qu 10%, hm lng lu hunh khng qu 3%.
Khng c php dng antraxit c cu to lp lm vt liu hc.

6.109 H thng phn phi tr lc ln phi thit k sao cho nc ra phun trc
tip vo b dy lp , ng thi phi d kin kh nng kim tra, sc ra
v sa cha h thng phn phi.

6.110. C ht v chiu dy ca lp khi dng h thng phn phi tr lc ln
cn ly theo bng 6.12.


Bng 6.12

C ht ca lp (mm) Chiu dy cc lp (mm)
40-20


20-10
10-5
5-2
Mt trn ca lp ny cao bng mt trn ca
ng phn phi nhng phi cao hn l phn
phi t nht 100 mm.
100-150
100-150
50-100

Ghi ch:
Khong cch t y ng phn phi n y b lc phi ly bng 80-100 mm.
Khi ra bng nc v khng kh phi hp th cn ly chiu dy lp c ht 10-5 mm v
5-2 mm bng 150-200 mm mi lp.
Vt liu c th dng si, dm hoc cc vt liu khc tho mn iu 6.108.


6.111. Din tch tit din ngang ca ng chnh, mng hoc ng dn ca h thng
ng phn phi tr lc ln phi ly c nh cho c chiu di. Tc nc
chy trong ng hoc mng dn nc ra n b lc cn ly t 1,5- 2
m/s; u ng phn phi chnh 1 - 2m/s; u ng nhnh 1,6-2 m/s.

Trn dn ng phn phi phi khoan l c ng knh 10-12 mm. Tng
din tch ca cc l cn ly bng 0,25 n 0,5% din tch tit din ngang
ca b loc.

L phi b tr thanh 2 hng so le phn di ng v nghing 45
o
so vi
trc thng ng ca ng.

Khong cch gia cc trc ca ng nhnh cn ly bng 250-350 mm, gia
cc tim l ly bng 150-200 mm.

Tn tht p lc h(m) trong h thng phn phi bng ng khoan l ca b
lc cn xc nh theo cng thc:


) m )(
g 2
V
g 2
V
( h
2
n
2
c
+ , =
(6-23)
Trong :
V
c
- Tc u ng chnh m/s.
Vn - Tc u ng nhnh m/s.
, - H s sc cn, chn tng ng vi s ch dn iu 6.95.

Tn tht p lc trong h thng phn phi tr lc ln khi ra b khng
c vt qu 7 m ct nc.

6.112. H thng phn phi bng chp lc c thit k khi p dng bin php
ra bng nc v ra nc kt hp vi gi; s lng chp lc ly khng
di 35-50 ci cho 1m
2
din tch cng tc ca b lc.

Tn tht p lc h(m) trong h thng phn phi c y trung gian v c
chp lc cn xc nh theo cng thc:


2
2
g 2
V
h

=
(6-24)

Trong :
V - Tc chuyn ng ca nc hoc hn hp nc v gi qua khe h
ca chp lc ly khng nh hn 1,5m/s.
H s lu lng ca chp lc: i vi chp lc khe h = 0,50.

Ch thch: Khi dng chp lc nn c lp si vt liu lc vi c ht t
2-4 mm dy 100-150mm.

6.113. thot khng kh trong ng dn nc ra b lc cc im cao phi t
ng ng thot kh ng knh 75-150 mm c van t ng x khng
kh. Trn ng ng chnh ca b lc phi t ng ng thot kh ng
knh u32 mm. Khi din tch b n 50 m
2
t 1 ng, khi din tch b ln
hn t 2 ng ( u v cui ng chnh). ng thot kh phi cao hn mt
b lc khng t hn 0,3 m.

ch cao nht ca b lc p lc phi t van x kh t ng v mt ng
x kh u20 c lp van ng m.

6.114. phc hi kh nng lc nc ca vt liu lc c th ra bng dng nc
i t di ln hoc s dng ng thi c nc v gi.

Cho php s dng phng php ra b mt bng h thng phn phi t
trn b mt lp vt liu lc.

6.115. Cng ra nc cn ly ph thuc vo n tng i cn thit ca
vt liu theo s liu trong bng 6.13; tng ng vi cc loi vt liu lc
ghi trong bng 6.11 v iu 6.103.


Bng 6.13.

Loi vt liu lc v
b lc
n tng
i ca vt
liu lc (%)
Cng
ra b lc
(l/s-m
2
)
Thi gian
ra b lc
(pht)
B lc nhanh 1 lp vt liu lc:
d
eff
= 0,6 - 0,65
d
eff
= 0,75-0,8
d
eff
= 0,9-1,1
B lc nhanh 2 lp vt liu lc
45
30
25
50

12-14
14-16
16-18
14-16

6-5

7-6

Ch thch:
1 - Cng ra ln ly ng vi thi gian ra nh
2 - Khi s dng thit b c nh ra trn b mt cn ly cng ra bng 3-4 l/m
2
,
p lc 30-40 m ct nc, ng phn phi t cch mt ct 60-80 mm. Khong cch gia
cc l ca ng phn phi hoc gia cc vi phun phi ly bng 80-100mm. Khi dng
thit b quay, cng ra cn ly bng 0,5-0,75 l/s.m
2
, p lc bng 40-50 m ct nc.
Thi gian ra 7-8 pht, trong c 2-3 pht ra trc khi cho phi hp vi nc ra t
di ln.


6.116. Dung tch i cha nc ra phi tnh cho 2 ln ra nu ra mt b; cho 3
ln ra nu ra 2 b ng thi.

My bm a nc ln i phi m bo bm y i trong thi gian
khng ln hn khong thi gian gia 2 ln ra ch lm vic tng
cng.

Nc do my bm a ln i phi ly t ng ng hoc mng dn
nc lc hoc t b cha nc sch.

ng ng dn nc t i xung b lc phi c bo v chng ht
khng kh vo.

Cng sut ca my bm nc ra b lc cn phi tnh ton cho vic ra
mt b. Nc phi ly t b cha nc sch, trong d tr nc cho
2 ln ra.

ra b lc phi t 1 hoc 2 my bm lm vic v 1 my bm d
phng.

6.117. thu v dn nc ra phi thit k cc mng c tit din na trn hay
nm cnh v cc thit b khc. Khong cch gia cc tim mng k nhau
khng c ln hn 2,2m. Chiu rng mng B (m) cn xc nh theo
cng thc:


( )
5
3
2
) m (
a 57 , 1
m Q
K B
+
=
(6-25)

Trong :
Qm: Lu lng nc ra tho theo mng (m
3
/s).
a: T s gia chiu cao ca phn ch nht vi na chiu rng ca mng,
ly bng 1-1,5.
K: H s ly bng 2 i vi mng c tit din na trn, bng 2,1 i vi
mng c tit din 5 cnh.

Mp trn ca tt c cc mng phi cng mt cao v phi tuyt i
nm ngang.

y mng thu phi c dc 0,01 v pha mng tp trung.

6.118. Trong b lc c mng tp trung, khong cch t y mng thu n y
mng tp trung H tnh bng (m) phi xc nh theo cng thc:


2 , 0
g
q
73 , 1 H 3
2
2
+
A
=
(6-26)
Trong :
q - Lu lng nc chy vo mng tp trung m
3
/s.
A - Chiu rng mng tp trung ly khng nh hn 0,6m.
g = 9,81 m/s
2
.

Mc nc trong mng tp trung thp hn y mng thu 0,2 m.


6.119. Khong cch t b mt lp lc n mng thu nc tnh bng m xc nh
theo cng thc:


30 , 0
100
He
h + =
(6-27)
Trong :
H: Chiu cao lp vt liu lc (m).
e: n tng i ca lp vt liu lc ly theo bng 6.13; iu 6.115.

6.120. Kch thc ng dn hoc mng ca b lc phi tnh theo ch lm vic
tng cng vi tc nc chy trong nh sau:
- Trong ng dn nc vo b lc: 0,8-1,2 m/s.
- Trong ng dn nc lc 1-1,5m/s.
- Trong ng dn v thot nc ra 1,5-2m/s.

6.121. Vic x kit b lc cn thc hin qua h thng phn phi hoc qua ng x
c ng knh t 100-200 mm (tu theo din tch b lc) v c lp kho.
u ng ng x ch ni vi y b lc phi c bo v bng li
hoc tm chn c bit; tr trng hp b lc c y trung gian. y b
lc phi c dc 0,005 v pha ng x ny.

6.122. Khi ra bng nc kt hp gi; gi c chuyn qua h thng phn phi
c chp lc chuyn dng hoc theo h thng phn phi ring bit cho
nc v gi.

Din tch tit din ngang ca ng chnh, mng v ng dn trong h thng
phn phi gi phi ly c nh trn ton b chiu di.

H thng phn phi gi t trc tip vo lp trn ca cc lp trong b
lc. Trong ng chnh dn gi cn nm cao hn h thng phn phi
nc.

Tng din tch cc l phi bng 0,35-0,4 din tch tit din ngang ca ng
chnh.

Tc gi trong ng chnh v ng nhnh cn ly bng 15-20 m/s.

Khi c lp si , l phn phi trn ng c ng knh 2-5 mm, s chp
lc c th ly 36-40 ci trn 1 m
2
din tch lc. Nu khng c lp si
ly 50 ci v chiu rng khe ca chp lc ly km kch thc ca ht vt
liu lc nh nht 0,1mm, l phi t phn di ng thnh 2 hng so le
nhau v nghing mt gc 45 so vi trc thng ng ca ng.

Khong cch gia cc l hoc chp lc phi ly trong gii hn 140-180
mm. Khong cch gia cc ng nhnh ly bng 250-300 mm.

p lc gi ra khi l hoc khe h ca chp lc phi ly bng hai ln chiu
cao ct nc trong b lc khi ra tnh t tim l.

Tn tht p lc trong h thng ng phn phi gi phi ly bng 1m.

ng dn gi chnh phi t cao hn mc nc cao nht trong b lc v
phi c thit b chng kh nng nc di ngc vo my gi khi ngng
ra b lc.

6.123. Ch ra nc v gi phi ly nh sau: Ra gi vi cng 15-20
l/s.m
2
trong 1-2 pht sau ra kt hp nc + gi trong thi gian 4-5
pht vi cng gi 15-20 l/s.m
2
v nc 2,5-3 l/s.m
2
, sao cho ct
khng b tri vo mng thu nc ra. Cui cng ngng ra gi v tip tc
ra nc thun tu vi cng 5-8 l/s.m
2
trong khong thi gian 4-5
pht.

Ghi ch:
Cng nc v gi ln hn ly ng vi vt liu lc c ht ln hn.
Khi c s liu k thut xc ng, cho php p dng ch ra thay i so
vi ch dn.

6.124. Khi dng phng php ra kt hp bng nc v gi cn phi d tnh h
thng qut nc ra trn b mt theo chiu ngang c mng gi ct c
to thnh bi vch nghing trn nh tng trn ca mng.

Vch chn ct t trn nh tng trn nghing 45 v pha trong b lc.
B mt ca cc mp phi phng v tuyt i nm ngang.

Kch thc c bn ca cc b phn cu to mng gi ct cn phi ly theo
bng 6.14; tu theo lu lng nc ra trn 1m di ca vch trn v bng
Wl. Trong W(l/s.m
2
) l cng nc khi ra bng nc v gi kt
hp; l l khong cch t tng i din ti vch trn.

Mp di vch chn ct phi t cao hn mt lp vt liu lc 50-100mm.

thot cn bong ra trn mt lp lc, u dng chy ngang phi to
c tc khng km 3 mm/s nh mt b phn hng dng hoc ng
c l b sung thm lu lng nc cn thit.



Bng 6.14

Tr s Wl (l/s.m
2
) 25 20 15 10

Kch thc mng gi ct

Hiu s cao gia mp trn v mp di
vch trn v gi ct(mm)


180



140



120



100




Tc nc chy u mng v ng c l cn ly khng qu 1,2 m/s;
ng knh l ly bng 10-12mm, l t thnh mt hng v phi hng
v pha dng chy. Din tch tng cng ca l cn ly bng 0,35-0,5 din
tch tit din ngang ca mng v ng. Lu lng nc a vo cn ly
bng 1-1,5 l/s cho 1m chiu rng b.

y ng hoc mng phi t cao hn mt lp lc trn 100 mm. Nc a
vo ng v mng ny phi ly t mng hoc ng dn nc lng sang
b lc.



B LC CHM

6.125. Tc lc tnh ton trong b lc chm cn ly trong gii hn t 0,1-0,3
m/h tu theo hm lng cn trong nc a vo b lc v tc lc > 0,1
m/h ch lm vic trong khong thi gian ra cc b lc khc trong trm.

6.126. S b lc chm phi ly khng t hn 3. Khi ra ct lc ngay trong b lc,
b rng mi ngn ca b khng c ln qa 6 m; b di khng ln qu
60 m.

6.127. Kch thc ht v chiu dy lp vt liu lc trong b lc chm cn ly
theo bng 6.15.



Bng 6.15.

S
TT
Tn lp vt liu lc v
lp
C ht ca vt liu lc
(mm)
Chiu dy lp vt liu
lc (mm)
1
2
3
4
5
6

Ct
Ct
Si hoc dm
Si hoc dm
Si hoc dm
Si hoc dm

0,3-1
1-2
2-5
5-10
10-20
20-40
Tng cng:
500
50
50
50
50
100
800



Lu lng nc Wr (m
3
) cho mt ln ra mt ngn lc cn tnh theo cng
thc:

Wr = q
0
.b.tr (6-28)

Trong :
q
0
: Lu lng nc n v ra mt gii mt ct rng 2m ly bng
0,009 m
3
/s.
tr: Thi gian ra mt gii di 60 m tnh bng giy ly trong gii hn 20
pht.
b: Chiu rng ngn lc (m)

Nc ra b lc phi do mt my bm ring hoc mt i ring cp.
c php ra b lc bng cch tng cng cng sut ca nhng my
bm ang bm nc vo trm x l hoc dng mt phn nc ca nhng
ngn b ang lun phin lm vic.

Lp nc trn mt ct lc phi ly bng 1,5m. Khi b lc c mi che
khong cch t mt ct lc n mi phi ly m bo vic ra v
thay th ct lc.

Trong cc b lc chm c din tch 10-15 m
2
phi thu nc trong bng
mng t chm di y b. Trong b lc c din tch ln hn phi c h
thng thu bng ng c l, bng gch hoc ng btng c khe h, ng
btng rng



B lc ht ln

B lc ht ln c dng lm trong mt phn nc cung cp cho sn xut
c s dng hoc khng s dng cht phn ng.

Lng cn c gi li trong b lc khi khng pha phn ly bng 50 -
70% hm lng cn trong nc ngun, khi c pha phn hm lng cn
cn li 5-10 mg/l.

B lc ht ln p lc phi tnh ton vi tn tht p lc gii hn trong lp
vt liu lc v trong h thng thu nc n 15 m ct nc. Trong b lc
h duy tr tc lc tnh ton cn ly chiu cao lp nc trn mt cc
lc bng 1,5 m; tn tht p lc 3,5 m.

B lc ht ln cn phi ra kt hp bng nc v gi. Cc h thng phn
phi nc v gi hoc h thng phn phi nc v gi kt hp phi tnh
theo ch dn nhng iu 6.111 - 6.113 - 6.115 - 6.117.

Cng nc v gi cho bng 6.16.


Bng 6.16

Vt liu C ht H s Chiu cao Tc Cng ra (l/s.m
2
)
lc vt liu
lc (mm)
khng
ng nht
lp vt
liu lc
(m)
Nc Gi
Ct
thch
anh
1-2
1,6-2,5
1,5
1,7
1,5-2
2,5-3
10-12
13-15
6-8
6-8
15-20
18-25

lm vt liu lc phi s dng ct thch anh hoc cc vt liu khc c
bn c hc v ho hc cn thit. c im ca vt liu lc cho bng 6.16.

Vic thit k cc b phn thot nc ra b lc phi theo ch dn iu
6.123.

Khi tnh ton b lc ht ln phi ly ch ra nh sau:

Ra vt liu lc bng nc vi cng 6-8 l/s.m
2
trong mt pht; ra
bng nc v gi kt hp vi cng nc 3-4 l/s.m
2
, cng khng
kh 15-25 l/s.m
2
trong 5 pht, ra nc vi cng 6-8 l/s.m
2
trong 2
pht.

Din tch b lc ht ln F (m
2
) cn xc nh theo cng thc:

t 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 t
V nt ) T W T W T W ( W 6 , 3 TV
Q
F
+ +
=
(6-29)

Trong :
Q - Cng sut c ch ca cc b lc m
3
/ngy
T - Thi gian lm vic ca trm trong mt ngy (h)
Vt - Tc lc tnh ton (m/h)
n - S ln ra mt b trong mt ngy
W
1
t
1
- Cng (l/s.m
2
) v thi gian (h) sc vt liu lc giai on u.
W
2
t
2
- Cng nc (l/s.m
2
) v thi gian ra phi hp nc - gi (h).
W
3
t
3
- Cng (l/s.m
2
) v thi gian ra (h) giai on cui cng.
t
4
- Thi gian ngng b lc ra (h)

Khi s b lc n 10 th c php ngng mt b lc sa cha, khi s b
lc ln hn c php ngng hai b sa cha. Khi ra tc lc trong
cc b lc lm vic cn li khng c vt qu nhng gi tr ln nht cho
trong bng 6.16 iu 6.134.


B lc s b

B lc s b c s dng lm sch nc s b trc khi lm sch trit
trong b lc chm v trong b lc nhanh trong s lm sch bng lc
hai bc.

Tc lc tnh ton qua b lc s b cn ly trong khong 3-5m/h tu theo
c ca nc s lc.

S b lc s b trong mt trm khng c nh hn 2. C ht ca ct, si
v chiu cao cc lp vt liu phi ly theo bng 6.17.
Chiu cao lp nc trn b mt lp vt liu lc cn ly bng 1,5m.

H thng phn phi nc ra trong b lc s b phi l h thng tr lc ln
v cn phi tnh ton theo ch dn cho trong cc iu 6.109 - 6.124.

Ch ra phi ly nh sau: Cng nc 12-14 l/s.m
2
, thi gian ra 6-7
pht.

ra b lc phi s dng nc sch

Bng 6.17.

C ht vt liu lc (mm) Chiu cao mi lp (mm)
1-2 700
2-5
5-10
10-20
20-40
100
100
100
150





B lc tip xc

B lc tip xc c s dng lm sch nc theo s lc mt bc.
Trong b lc tip xc qu trnh lc xy ra t di ln trn.

Nu khng c s liu kho st cng ngh th cn ly tc lc tnh ton
theo bng 6.18. Thi gian ca mt chu k lc vi tc lc tnh ton khng
c nh hn 8h.


Bng 6.18

S lng b lc tip xc 3 4 5 6 v ln hn
Tc lc tnh ton m/h 4 4,5 4,8 5


Khi sa cha mt b, nhng b cn li phi lm vic ch tng cng
vi tc lc khng qu 5,5 m/h v thi gian ca mt chu l lm vic
khng c km 6h.

Khi s lng b lc tip xc ln hn 20, thi gian ca chu k lm vic gia
hai ln ra ch tng cng phi xc nh theo iu 6.103.

Thi gian ngng b lc ra phi ly bng 0,33 h.

Din tch b lc tip xc phi xc nh theo cng thc 6-20 c k n thi
gian x nc lc u ly nh sau: Khi ra thun tu bng nc sch 5-10
pht; bng nc khng sch 10-15 pht; bng gi v nc phi hp, ly
tng ng bng 5-7 pht v 7-10 pht c k n yu cu ghi trong cc iu
6.102; 6.143 (bng 6.18); 6.151, 6.152 v 6.155.

B lc tip xc c th lm vic vi tc lc khng i trong sut mt chu
k lm vic hoc vi tc lc thay i gim dn n cui chu k sao cho
tc lc trung bnh bng tc lc tnh ton.

S b lc tip xc trong mt trm phi ly theo ch dn iu 6.104.

Vt liu lc dng cho b lc tip xc phi l ct thch anh v si hoc cc
loi vt liu khc p ng yu cu ghi iu 1.10 v 6.108 v khng b l
lng trong qu trnh lc.

Nu khng c s liu kho st cng ngh, cn ly chiu dy lp ct lc tu
theo loi b lc tip xc v h thng phn phi bng 2-2,3 m; ng knh
hiu dng ca ht bng 1-1,3 mm; h s khng ng nht n 2,0; c ht
vt liu lc ca b lc tip xc bng 0,7-2 mm.

Vic ra vt liu lc b lc tip xc phi thc hin bng dng nc i ln
hoc ra phi hp bng nc v gi.

phn phi nc ra ng u trn ton din tch b phi dng h thng
phn phi tr lc ln c hoc khng c lp si

C th dng nc sch hoc nc cha sch ra b lc. Khi s dng
nc sch ra phi m bo s lm vic n nh ca cc b khc bng
cch ly nc ra sau p trn t trc ca cho nc vo b cha.

Ra bng nc cha sch cho php trong iu kin: C x l s b bng
li quay hay microphin theo ch dn Ghi ch 5 ca bng 6.2; iu 6.9;
c khng qu 10 NTU, ch s cli khng qu 1000con/lt v c kh
trng.

Thit b cp nc ra phi ly theo ch dn trong cc iu 6.115 v iu
6.116.

Cng ra nc phi ly bng 13-15 l/s.m
2
, thi gian ra 7-8 pht.

Khi dng h thng phn phi tr lc ln, t s gia din tch l ca h
thng phn phi v din tch b lc phi ly bng 0,2% khi c lp si ;
ly bng 0,25-0,27% khi khng c lp si .

Tnh ton v cu to h thng phi tr lc ln c lp si v mng thu
ca b lc tip xc phi theo ch dn cc iu 6.111, 6.116, 6.119 v
6.124.

Chiu dy v c ht ca lp si phi ly theo bng 6.12; iu 6.110. Khi ra
phi hp bng gi v nc b lc c lp si th chiu cao lp si c 5-
10mm phi ly bng 150-200mm, lp si 2-5mm phi ly bng 300-
400mm.

Khong cch gia cc trc ng v l phi ly theo bng 6.19, gia cc chp
lc ly theo 6.122. x kit b lc tip xc cn t ng x c thit b li
bo v phng vt liu lc lt ra ngoi.

Khi ra vt liu lc bng gi v nc kt hp, phi d kin h thng thot
nc ra theo chiu ngang theo ch dn iu 6.124 vi khong cch t
mp di tng trn n mt ct l 200-300mm. Gi phi cho vo h thng
ng phn phi ring vi cng 18-20 l/s.m
2
. Khi qut ra b mt, c th
ly nc t mng hoc ng dn t lng sang.

Ch ra phi ly nh sau:

Thi gi trong 1-2 pht, ra phi hp gi v nc vi cng nc 2-3
l/s.m
2
trong 6-7 pht v sau cng ra bng nc vi cng 6-7 l/s.m
2

trong 4-6 pht.

m bo thu nc trong ng u trn ton din tch b, mp mng thu
phi c khe trn tam gic cao 40-60mm.

Khong cch gia cc tim khe trn khng c ln hn 100-150mm.


Bng 6.19

Kch thc h thng phn phi ca b lc tip xc
ng knh ng nhnh
(mm)
Khong cch gia tim cc
ng nhnh (mm)
Khong cch gia cc tim
l (mm)
75
100
125
240-260
280-300
320-340
130-140
140-160
160-180


Cc ng ng ca b lc tip xc phi tnh theo iu 6.120, ng thi mp
di ca ng dn nc ra khi b phi cao hn mc nc trong mng tp
trung khng km 0,3m.

Khi lm sch nc cho nhu cu sinh hot, mt thong lc tip xc phi bt
kn v phi c ng thng hi, ca ln xung.

p lc cn thit trc b lc tip xc tnh t cao ca mp mng trn phi
ly bng tng tn tht p lc trong lp vt liu lc trong lp (i vi ct
ly bng chiu dy lp ct) v trong cc ng dn k c mi tn tht cc b,
trong c tn tht qua thit b o xc nh tc lc. a nc vo
lc, trc b lc tip xc phi c ngn tch kh v n nh mc nc. Dung
tch ngn tch kh tnh theo thi gian lu nc 3 pht. Ngn chia lm 2
bung. Mi bung c ng trn v ng x kit. Trc khi vo b lc, nc
c trn u vi ho cht theo iu 6.17; bng 6.5.