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CAT118 - Mecanica Dos Fluidos - 2013-02 - Exercicios-Stramlines-streaklines-pathlines
CAT118 - Mecanica Dos Fluidos - 2013-02 - Exercicios-Stramlines-streaklines-pathlines
. 1) Given the velocity field U (x,y ) = y i + x j , show that streamlines are hyperboles x 2 y 2 = C.
dx U = 0
dx dy = u v
dx dy = y x
x dx = y dy ;
1 2 (x - y 2 ) = C 2 - C 1 = C 3 , 2C 3 = C ; 2
x dx =
y dy
x2 y2 + C1 = + + C2 2 2
x 2 - y 2 = C (family of curves).
i) the pathline of a particle located at (1 , 2), at t = 0; ii) the streamline at instant t, through point (x1 (0), x2 (0)); iii) the streakline of particles that have passed through point (x1 (0), x2 (0)) at t0;
dx i ; dt dx u1 = 1 dt
i) u i =
x1 dx dx dt ; ln (x 1) + C = ln (1 + t ) + C = 1 1= (1 + t ) dt x1 1+ t / / / / ln (x1) + ln (C ) = ln (1 + t ) + ln (C ) ln (x1) - ln (1 + t ) = ln (C ) - ln (C );
/ / / C ln (x1 / (1 + t )) = ln (C ) = ln (C 1)
x1 = C 1 (1 + t ) ;
C.I.: t = 0: x1 = C 1 = s 1 ;
dx 2 dt
x 1 = s 1 (1 + t )
(I).
u2 =
2 x2 (2 + t )
dx 2 dt
dx 2 = x2
2 + t dt
ln (x 2 ) + C = 2[ln (2 + t ) + C ];
/ / ln (x 2 ) + ln (C ) = ln (2 + t )2 + ln ( C )2
2
/ / ln (x 2 ) - ln (2 + t )2 = ln ( C )2 - ln (C ); x 2 = C 2 (2 + t )2 ;
/ / /C ln (x 2 / (2 + t )2 ) = ln ( C ) = ln ( C 2 )
C.I.: t = 0: x 2 = 4C 2 = s 2 ;
( I) , x 2 =
x2 =
s2 (2 + t )2 4
(II).
s2 (2 + t )2 ( II) 4 Using Eqs. (I) and (II) to eliminate t , a relationship can be written as follows: x 1 = s 1 (1 + t )
x2 =
y2 y x y x (2 + t )2 = 2 (2 + ( 1 - 1))2 = 2 (1 + 1 )2 ; 4 4 y1 4 y1
x2 1 x = (1 + 1 )2 . s2 4 s1
ii) dx U = 0 ;
dx1 dx 2 = u1 u2
dx 1 (1 + t )- 1x 1
dx 2 2(2 + t )- 1x 2
(2 + t ) dx 2 dx 1 (1 + t )- 1 dx 2 ; = = x1 2(1 + t ) x 2 2(2 + t )- 1 x 2
dx1 = x1
A(t ) x 2
dx 2
/ 2A (t ) / C / 1) ; ln (x 1 / x 2A (t ) ) = ln (C
x 1 = B (t ) x 2A (t ) ;
then, for particles that have passed through point (x1 (0), x2 (0)) at t0:
x1 = C 1 (1 + t )
x 2 = C 2 (2 + t )2
x1(0) = C 1 (1 + t 0 )
x 2 (0) = C 2 (2 + t 0 )2
C1 =
C2 =
x1(0) ; (1 + t 0 )
x 2(0) (2 + t 0 )
2
x1 =
x 1(0) (1 + t ) (1 + t 0 )
; x2 =
x 2(0) (2 + t 0 )
2
(2 + t )2
streakline at instant t of particles that have passed through point (x1(0), x2(0)) at different instants t0 which vary for each particle.