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Rec 3
Rec 3
Chapter 20
Problem 3. A uniform electric eld of magnitude E = 250 V/m is directed in the positive x direction (
i ds =qE
Z
x
2
x
1
ds =qEx (1)
Which is the same process the book used to get to their Equation 20.8. Plugging in our numbers
U =12.0 10
6
C 250 V/m 0.200 m =6.00 10
4
J (2)
(b) The change in electric potential is given by
V =
U
q
=50.0 V (3)
Problem 8. Given two q
0
= 2.00 C charges as shown in Figure P20.8 and a positive test charge of q = 1.28 10
18
C at the origin,
(a) what is the net force exerted by the two q
0
charges on the test charge q? (b) What is the electric eld at the origin due to the two q
0
charges? (c) Wat is the electrical potential at the origin due to the two q
0
charges?
Name Charge x(m)
q
0A
q
0
a
q
0B
q
0
a
q q 0
Where a = 0.800 m.
(a) Summing the forces from Coulombs law
F = F
A
+F
B
= k
e
_
q
0
q
a
2
i +
q
0
q
a
2
(
i)
_
= 0 (4)
Which makes sense because the situation is symmetric.
(b) Summing the electric elds
E(0) = E
A
+E
B
= k
e
_
q
0
a
2
i +
q
0
a
2
(
i)
_
=
F
q
= 0 (5)
(c) Summing the potentials
V(0) =V
A
+V
B
= k
e
q
0
a
+k
e
q
0
a
= 2k
e
q
0
a
= 2 8.99 10
9
Vm/C
2.00 10
6
C
0.800 m
= 45.0UkV (6)
Problem 19. A light, unstressed spring has a length d. Two identical particles, each with charge q, are connected to the opposite ends
of the spring. The particles are held stationalry a distance d apart and are then released at the same time. The spring has a bit of
internal kinetic friction, so the oscillation is damped. The particles eventually stop vibrating when the distance between them is 3d. Find
the increase in internal energy E
i
that appears in the spring during the oscillations. Assume that the system of the spring and the two
charges is isolated.
From last quarter, we remember that spring potential energy is given by U
s
= 1/2 kx
2
. To plug in for k, we balance the forces at
equilibrium
F
e
= k
e
_
q
3d
_
2
= F
s
= k 2d (7)
k = k
e
q
2
9 2 d
3
(8)
From this chapter (Equation 20.13), we see that the electrical potential energy of two charges is given by
U
e
= k
e
q
1
q
2
r
12
(9)
So the total potential energy of the system is given by
U =U
e
+U
s
=
1
2
k(r d)
2
+k
e
q
2
r
(10)
1
So conserving energy (because the system is isolated) we have
E
0
=U
0
= E
1
=U
1
+E
i
(11)
E
i
=U
0
U
1
= k
e
q
2
d
1
2
k(2d)
2
k
e
q
2
3d
= k
e
q
2
d
_
1
1
3
_
2kd
2
(12)
= k
e
2q
2
3d
2
_
k
e
q
2
9 2 d
3
_
d
2
= k
e
2q
2
3d
k
e
q
2
9d
=
5k
e
q
2
9d
(13)
Problem 20. In 1911, Ernest Rutherford and his assistants Hans Geiger and Ernest Mardsen conducted an experiment in which they
scattered alpha particles from thin sheets of gold. An alpha particle, having a charge of q
i (24)
So the potential drop from 0 to d is given by
V =
Z
d
0
E
x
dx =k
e
Q
Z
d
0
x dx
(x
2
+R
2
)
3/2
(25)
Substituting u = x
2
+R
2
so du = 2xdx we have
V =k
e
Q
Z
1/2 du
u
3/2
=
1
2
k
e
Q
2
u
=
k
e
Q
u
(26)
And plugging back in in terms of x
V =
k
e
Q
x
2
+R
2
d
0
=
k
e
Q
d
2
+R
2
k
e
Q
R
= k
e
Q
_
1
_
(4+1)R
2
1
R
_
=
k
e
Q
R
_
1
5
1
_
=0.533
k
e
Q
R
(27)
3