Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala

3
LA PRODUCCIN de carne de cerdo tiene una importancia espe-
cial en nuestro pas, por ser un alimento de alto valor nutritivo y
cumplir funciones sociales de gran arraigo popular en el campo
y las ciudades. El Ministerio de la Agricultura de Cuba brinda
una atencin especial al desarrollo de la actividad porcina tanto
en la pequea y mediana escala, como los sistemas de produc-
cin intensiva.
Con este manual se pretende contribuir de manera sencilla y
tcnica, a divulgar los conocimientos mnimos indispensables
para lograr una produccin eficiente, de acuerdo con el siste-
ma de produccin que aplique cada productor, segn los re-
cursos materiales, alimentacin y las caractersticas naturales
de su entorno.
Hay productores que se dedican a la produccin de cerdos princi-
palmente y no aplican la tcnica correctamente. Para lograr xi-
tos en la produccin de cerdos, hay que ser abanderado de sta
en los diferentes puntos de la cadena productiva: un productor
ser ms eficiente, cuando produzca y prepare los alimentos ne-
cesarios para cubrir los requerimientos nutricionales de sus cer-
dos, a partir de sus propias tierras y recursos, y logre mayor
cantidad de carne por rea de superficie cultivada.
En Cuba, se trabaja en llevar el mejoramiento gentico, a todos
los sectores, con especial nfasis desde 1995 y se han generaliza-
do tecnologas o sistemas productivos que posibilitan mayor efi-
ciencia productiva. Es necesario ampliar la cultura y el
conocimiento sobre la produccin de alimentos en los pequeos
y medianos productores y difundir las posibilidades que tene-
mos, partiendo de pequeas reas y de la utilizacin ptima de
los residuos de cosechas y subproductos. A este propsito va diri-
gido este trabajo, esperando que contribuya a lograr produccio-
nes rentables, sostenibles y se logre la proteccin al medio
ambiente.
La edicin e impresin de este manual fue posible por la contri-
bucin del proyecto Fomento de la Produccin de Alimentos en
el Municipio Morn, de la provincia de Ciego de vila, que fi-
nancia la organizacin Mugarik Gabe con la cooperacin del
Gobierno Vasco.
4
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| tst1 a 1 t aa Itrts
Ampliacin tcnica y revisin: ! t r] t | . k |t artt | a|t t | r| . | sj tti a|i sIa 1 t |a
ttrtIari a 1 t rar sItrtr ti a 1 t ttr t |t ]i as | i t a |]a ti t r 1 t |a k| |k
Diseo y realizacin: | srat| 1 t ! tsa s l a|1 i t a r | t1 rt st
Roberto F. Pires Soler
| i ttr ti a1 t tr | i tr ti as t ti a|ts, }tIt 1 t| ]ra j t 1 t tt Itr si t r i sm t tr
|t s strt i ti t s Ittr i tt s Itrri It ri a|ts, | | | | 1 | , M | K k | .
Carmen Mara Mederos Cuervo
| i ttr ti a 1 a tr | i t | a i m i ta , | t tIt ra tr | i tr ti as VtItri r a ri a s, | i -
rttIt ra 1 t | r t tsIi ]a ti t r 1 t| | r sIi Ia It 1 t | r t tsIi ] a ti t r ts | t rti r as,
M | K k | .
Francisco J . Dieguez Pineda
| t tIt r tr | i tr ti as VtItri r ari as, i r t tsIi ]a1 t r 1 t| | r sIi Ia It 1 t | r tts-
Ii ]ati t r ts | t rti r as, M | K k | | rtsi 1 tr It 1 t |a t ti t1 a1 | a | a r a 1 t
| t rti ta |It rts 1 t |a k | |k .
Roberto Sosa
| r ttsIi ]a 1 t r 1 t| | r sIi Ia It 1 t | r ttsIi ]ati t r ts | t rti r a s, M | K k | .
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
5
| r 1 i tt
| a j i Ia | t | . M ar t}t a|i m tr Ia ti t r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
| rtti m i tr It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
| Ia j a 1 t | t| a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
k sj ttIt s ] tr tra |ts 1 t| m ar t}t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
| a j i Ia | t | | . | tj rt 1 a tti t r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t
| t r si 1 trati t r ts rtj rt 1 a tIi t as j ara aa m tr Iar
|a tIi ti tr ti a j rt 1 a tIi t a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
| a 1 tIttti t r 1 t| tt|t t| m t m tr It t j Ii m t
j ara |a i r stm i r ati t r t |a ta | ri ti t r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ttr i ta 1 t i r stm i r ati t r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
| arIt . k Itr ti t r a |a j a rIa ri tr Ia a |as tri as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
| a j i Ia | t | | | . | rt 1 a tti t r j rtj arati t r 1 t a|i m tr It s
j ara ttr1 t s | a t st tt j |t Ia r tr tt r 1 i ti t r ts ra sIi tas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1
| ri r ti j a|ts rtsa |Ia1 t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1
t r]t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
k ] rt Ittr i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1\
| | k | | 1 | k | 1 , t r] | a m | i tt |t r | . M t tr t|
a r a a|Itrr aIi t a tr |a st] a ri 1 a1 a|i m tr Ia ri a Iam i |i ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1!
| aratItri sIi tas 1 t |a t ari t1 a1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1t
k sj ttIt s a tt r si 1 trar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1t
| i rast |, 1 t|i ar I| a s ar r a a s | . . a ta |Ii t t j ara ] ra r t s . . . . . . . 1I
| st s 1 t| ] rar t , ta | tt a t|a, Ia||t s | t }as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Va|t r r a Iri ti t r a| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
i tm | ra, m ar t}t , tt stt| a | tr tIi ti t 1 t| ] i ra st | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Va ri t1 a1 ts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
M ai t l ta m a s | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \\
i tm | ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \!
|trIi |i t ati t r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \t
| i t]t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \I
| a| t rts 1 t | a |Ii t t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \I
| |a] as tr Itrm t1 a1 ts m as tt m a r ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
| ra tIi ta 1 t m ar t}t i r It] ra 1 t 1 t j |a ] as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \1
6
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| t stt| a j t sItt stt| a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !1
t a | | ti r t m a t | M trr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !1
| aratItri sIi tas m t rIt |t ] i tas 1 t |a j |a r Ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !
| aratItri sIi tas Ii si t |t ] i tas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !I
| t| a tri m i tr It s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !I
|t rra}t 1 t st a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !1
| | ] rar t 1 t st a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !\
|atIt rts ar Ii r a Iri ti t r a |ts 1 t |a st a It rm as
1 t t|i m i r a ti t r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !\
| a|m i t| t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !!
| t||t Ia s 1 t tr ti r t | r ti r t a trta s V i r] i r i ar a M i ||.
|a] attat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !t
| t m arrt sa ! am | t sa Va |] ari s | . | . M rIattat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !t
| tsta1 t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !t
| t r i aIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !I
Ya ta M a r i | t I tsta |tr Ia trar It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !
| |aIar t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t1
1 Irt s sa | j rt 1 a tIt s a] ri tt |as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t1
| a j i Ia | t | V. | t It s | t rti r t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tt
ttr t |t ] i a 1 t j rt 1 a tti t r , t t t Ittr i a
| i t j rt Ittti t r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tt
| ri a i r Itr si t a a| ai rt |i | rt | | k | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t
M t1 i 1 as j rtt tr Ii t as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1
| ri ar t a 1 t Irasj a Ii t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
| a j i Ia | t V. | rt ] ram a 1 t tra t am i tr It s 1 t| ] ar a1 t j t rti r t
tr | a | a. | t r si 1 tra ti t r ts 1 t i r Itrts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
| a ttr1 a | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1
| t s t trratt s Itrm i r a|ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . It
| a j i Ia | t V | . | i t ] as | i t a | t r t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
k tti t r ts j rtt i as a |a tt r sIra tti t r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
| | si sItm a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
| i t 1 i ] tsIt r 1 t I|a }t j i sIt r | tt| t 1 t j t |i tIi |tr t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
| a ar 1 t , tt m t 1 t r 1 t st a j |i tar |t s | i t a| t r t s! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
| aIt s 1 t i r Itrts ] tr tra| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
7
| k | | | | 1 | .
M ar t}t a|i m tr Iati tr
|
a1 a taIt]t ri a ar i m a| r tttsi Ia a r si sItm a 1 t a|i m tr Iati t r
taj at 1 t saIi sIattr rt| a tri m i tr It s r a Iri ti t r a|ts | a t
i r t|a tr |as r tttsi 1 a1 ts j ara t| m ar Itr i m i tr It , t| trtti -
m i tr It sa Ii r a|i 1 a1 j rt 1 a tIi t a tr t| rt| a1 t . t tt m j rtr 1 t
| a t r t ts |t m i sm t a|i m tr Iar a r a ttr1 a j ari 1 a | a t a a r a ]tsIa1 a
| a t |a tar Ii 1 a1 ta|i 1 a1 1 t |t s r a Iri tr Its | a t 1 t| t rtti | i r
a r a tri a t j rttt| a r t ts i ] a a| a |as tt r Itr i 1 as tr a r a rati t r
j ara |a tt| a.
| | j rt 1 a tIt r 1 t ttr1 t j t 1 ra str tIi ti tr It m ar Itr tr sa j rt 1 a t-
ti t r , st |t ta ar 1 t j rt 1 a tta a|i m tr It s 1 t ta|i 1 a1 tr |as tar Ii 1 a-
1 ts | a t 1 tm ar 1 ar sa s ar i m a |ts. | s i m j t rIar It | a t tt r t t ta 1 t
|as j t si | i |i 1 a1 ts | a t Ii tr t j ara a|i m tr Iar Iam | i tr t Iras tsj t-
ti ts, j a ts 1 t t||as 1 tri t ar t Irt s a|i m tr It s t sa | j rt 1 a tIt s tt r
|t s ta a|ts 1 i t trsi Ii ta sa s j rt 1 a tti t r ts.
| | ttr1 t r tttsi Ia a r a 1 i tIa | a|ar tta1 a, tt r a r tt r Itr i 1 t a1 t-
ta a1 t 1 t m aItri a stta, j rt Iti r as, tr tr]i a, t i Iam i r as m i r tra-
|ts | a t ta | rar sa s r tttsi 1 a1 ts j a t1 a tt j rtsar sa j t Itr ti a|
j rt 1 a tIi t t . | s r tttsari t | a t 1 i sj t r ] ar |t s a|i m tr It s a t t |a r -
Ia1 , t a|i m tr Iar|t s t ari as t ttts a| 1 i a tt r rati t r ts j t| a t1 as,
j ara a|tar t a r m t}t r aj rt t tt| am i tr It 1 t tsIt s, a | a t t| aj a-
raIt 1 i ]tsIi t t ts rt|aIi t am tr It j t| a t1 t tt r rt|ati t r a sa m asa
tt rj t ra|. t t t|ara j t r| a t t| a|i m tr It st tt r sa m a | i tr , Itr ]a
| a tr sa| t r, t |t r, a r | a|a r tt 1 t r a Iri tr Its tt rrttIt | a t tr |a
rati t r tt r Iri | a a a ta | ri r It 1 as |as r tttsi 1 a1 ts r a Iri ti t r a|ts
1 t | a taIt] t ri a ar i m a|.
| r ]tr tra|, ta1 a taIt]t ri a tt i ]t a r IraIt 1 i Itrtr ti a1 t , i r 1 tj tr -
1 i tr Itm tr It 1 t |as tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t j rt 1 a tti t r t 1 t |as Ittr t |t -
] i as | a t st aj |i | a tr . | a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t a|i m tr It s a tt r sa m i r st
8
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
rtj arIi ra a| m tr t s, tr Irts t ta aIrt t ItrIas a| 1 i a. | r ta a|| a i tr
ti rta r sIar ti a t| ta i 1 a1 t m i r i m t i r 1 i sj tr sa| |t stra t| si ]a i tr It.
Cerdas vacas. 1 t| tr tt r sa m i r I ! 1 ] 1 t j rt Iti r a | ra Ia | |
j t r 1 i a aj rtt i m a1 am tr It, m t1 i ar It t| sa m i r i sIrt 1 t It rra}t Irts-
tt t | ari r as, , 1 | ] 1 t m i t| t t i ar 1 as tt ti r a1 as t m t |i 1 as
sa | j rt 1 a tIt s a] ri tt |as t ] a araj t . | sIt s a|i m tr It s 1 t| tr ta -
| ri r sa s r tttsi 1 a1 ts tr tr] tIi tas, j ara | a t st rtta j trtr 1 t| j t-
ri t 1 t 1 t |atIar ti a tr t| m tr t r j |att j t si | |t \ a 1 i as , 1 t
m ar tra | a t j rtstr Itr r a tt a m tr It t| tt|t st ta | rar a Irat ts
1 t | a m t r Ia t |a i r stm i r ati t r . | sIa taIt] t ri a r t 1 t| t str m a-
t r 1 t| 1 X 1 t| It Ia| 1 t |as rtj rt 1 a tIt ras.
Cochinatas. stra r a r i m a |ts | i tr st|ttti t r a1 t s 1 ts1 t |a tIaj a
1 t| 1 tsItIt, tt r si 1 trar 1 t t| r a m trt 1 t ItIas, r a r ta m tr t s 1 t
I , | i tr It rm a1 as, sa|a 1 a| |ts | a t a|tar ttr a r j tst 1 t ! , 1 | ]
I ! 1 |i | ras tr a r j tri t 1 t r t m a t r 1 t m tsts j ara ar i m a|ts
m tsIi t t s rati a|ts. | as | tm | ras tri t ||as a| tar t arar r t m tr t s 1 t
1 | ] I \ | | s tr t| m i sm t j tri t 1 t . | as tt t| i r aIa s st a|i m tr -
Iarar a| m tr t s 1 t s t ttts a| 1 i a, tr | t rari t 1 t m a1 ar a 1 t |a
Iar1 t tr tt m t1 trt s a| i trIt s. | r It 1 t t| j tri t 1 t t| tt r sa m t
m t1 i t stra 1 t I , I | ] 1 t a |i m tr It Irtstt I1 i a tr t| j tri t 1 t 1 t 1 I
a I 1 1 i as 1 t t1 a1 r t st ta | rtr | asIa | a t |t ]rtr t| j tst i r 1 i -
ta1 t j ara |a t1 a1 rt| a tri 1 a.
Cerdas cubiertas: t m a r Itr 1 ra | a t i ] i | a r ti a 1 a ra r It a r m ts
j a ra 1 tIttIa r a | a t| | a s ttr1 as | a t rtj i Ia r tt| t . | | | t r t s i r 1 i -
tara | a t r t Ia trt r ] tsIa1 as st 1 t| tr tt Irtm ar | as m t1 i 1 as
j a ra 1 tIttIa r a | ] a r a a r t m a | i a | a t i m j i 1 a | a ] tsIa ti t r r t
st j rt |t r ] a t 1 a ra r It m a t| t Ii tm j t sa tt r 1 i ti t r 1 t t a ti a
t i m j rt 1 a tIi t a . | a s t a ri a r Its 1 t a |i m tr Ia ti t r m a s a Ii |i t a 1 a
st rt|a ti t r a r tt r t| a st 1 t| j i tr st i r 1 a sIri a | st |t t }a r It a
m i t| Ii r a|.
Cerdas gestadas: t a | i -
m tr Iar st] a r t| tsIa1 t 1 t
] t sIa ti t r tr | a t st t r -
ta tr Irtr , a | a t Ii tr 1 tr a
tr ] t r1 a r ra j i 1 am tr It. a s
r tttsi 1 a 1 ts st r 1 t a j rt t i m a -
1 a m tr It I ! 1 I I 1 ] 1 t | | I1 i a a |
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
9
tt m i tr t t Ii r a| 1 t tsIa tIaj a. | ara ta | ri r |as r tttsi 1 a1 ts 1 t
tr tr] i a 1 t| tr 1 i sj t r tr 1 t m i t| m t}t ra1 a, rtsi 1 a t s 1 t tt st-
t| as t i ar 1 tras tt ti r a1 as t stta1 as tt r t trIi 1 a s tr | ari -
r a s. t i r t| a i ra r It rra } ts t Irt s sa | j rt 1 a tIt s a ] ri tt | a s t
i r 1 a sIri a |ts. | sIa tIa j a Ii tr t a r a 1 a ra ti t r 1 t I 1 i a s, tr
] tr tra | rtsa | Ia i m j t si | | t j rtti sa r r i t t| ts tt a tIt s 1 t a | i m tr -
It , a | a t i r I|a tr IatIt rts tt m t . Iam a1 t 1 t |a ttr1 a, Itm -
j tra Ia ra a m | i t r Ia | Ii j t 1 t ra ti t r . st j a t1 t rt ta rri r a
t a ri a r Its a | i m tr Ia ri a s st] a r | a s 1 i sj t r i | i | i 1 a 1 ts 1 t a | i m tr -
It si tm j rt | a t ] arar Ii ttr t| tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t r a Iri tr Its. k r Its
1 t| j a rIt st a | i ta r tr a r | a ] a r Ira r | a i | t , sttt , 1 tsi r IttIa 1 t
tr | a tr as tt r 1 i ti t r ts | i ] i t-
r i ta s.
Cerdas lactantes: | a aItr ti t r
a |a m a1 rt Ii tr t a r a rtj trta si t r
i r m t1 i aIa tr |t s | i }t s | a t tsIa
|atIar 1 t . | a ttr1 a tt r sa m i ra a|
m tr t s 1 t s rati t r ts a| 1 i a, a r It -
Ia| 1 t I ! 1 ] 1 t | | tt m t j rt m t1 i t
tr It 1 t t| j tri t 1 t . K t t | sIar It, t|
r a m trt 1 t tri as sa tsIa1 t Ii si tt 1 tItr-
m i r a rar tt r m a t r j rtti si t r |a 1 tm ar 1 a 1 t r a Iri tr Its. | t r !
| ] j rt m t1 i t 1 , 1 || I1 i a st ta | rtr |t s rt| a tri m i tr It s. | t s It -
rra}ts Irtstt s a a 1 ar a |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t |tt| t |t aj t rIar t i Ia-
m i r a s, m i r tra|ts t Irt s t| tm tr It s. | a j rt j t rti t r 1 t ar i m a|ts
|atIar 1 t , stra t| I 1 X 1 t| rt| a1 t aj rt t i m a1 am tr It.
| a | i m j i tt a st rta|i t ara, 1 i ari am tr It. | r |a tj t ta 1 t ta|t r st
] arar Ii t ara a r a t tr Ii |ati t r a1 tta a 1 a, m t1 i ar It |a t ri tr Iati t r
1 t | a r at t, |a a|Ia ra 1 t| Itt| t t| m aItri a| 1 t tt r sIra tti t r tm -
j |ta 1 t . | r t| i r t i trr t | a | a t j t r tr m ar Ia s. t tt i Iara |a tr -
Ira1 a 1 t |as ||a t i as |t s tt ttst s 1 t | a m t1 a1 j t r |a rtj trta si t r
Iar r t]aIi t a | a t Ii tr tr st | rt |a sa|a 1 1 t |as tri as, tsj tti a|m tr -
It |a a|Ia i r ti 1 tr ti a 1 t j rt ttst s rtsj i raIt ri t s.
| rtti m i tr It
| Ia j a 1 t j rt t t | a . | sIa tIa j a tt m i tr t a tt r t| 1 tsItIt 1 t | a s
tri as Itrm i r a ta ar 1 t |t s ttr1 t s a|tar t ar tr Irt I ! -1 1 | ]
10
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
! \ -t ! || s |t | a t 1 t| t t ta -
rri r a r Its 1 t |t s 1 t 1 i a s 1 t
r a t i 1 t s. t t a ra t It ri t a
j t r a r ra j i 1 t trt ti -
m i tr It tt r a r a a |Ia
1 t m a r 1 a 1 t r a -
Iri tr Its j a ra t1 i Ii tar
m a sta |t s a r a a1 t-
ta a 1 a m i r t ra | i t a ti t r
1 t| ts| a t| tIt . | a ra a r a tt rrtt-
Ia aItr ti t r 1 t |a j rttt1 a, m a t| t s j rt -
1 a tIt rts tt r si 1 tra r t j t rIa r t tsIa | | tttr
a r a j ri m tra tIa j a | a t t a 1 ts1 t | t s 1 \ 1 i a s
tt r a r j tst aj rt t i m a1 t 1 t I | ] ! || s | a sIa | t s \ I 1 i a s
tt r , ! | ] j rt m t1 i t s.
| r tsIt j tri t 1 t st | t m a r Ii tr t t| sa m i r i sIrt 1 t j i tr st 1 t i r i -
ti t ts a r a tIaj a sa m am tr It i m j t rIar It j ara t| j t sItri t r
1 tsa rrt | | t 1 t| a r i m a | . | a s r t rm a s 1 t a | i m tr Ia ti t r ta ra tIt-
ri sIi ta s 1 t| a |i m tr It st Ira Ia ra r tr a r a ta j i It j t sItri t r.
| t s ta i 1 a1 t s t| m ar t}t a j rt j t rti t r ar a |as tri as 1 a rar It tsIa
tIaj a i r t|a tr tr Irt t Irt s, |a a] ra j ati t r , j rtItri | |tm tr It j t r
tam a1 as 1 t | trm ar t s a r a tt rrttIa | i ]i tr t tr |t s tt rra|ts.
| a ar 1 t |a tri ar t a ts tt Itr si t a t i r Itr si t a j trt a tam j t , st
j rtIi trt a | i tar |t s ttr1 i It s tr a r ta arIt r i r 1 tj tr 1 i tr It.
| r | t s a r i m a | ts tsIa | a | a 1 t s t tt r Ii r a 1 t s tr tt rra | ts 1 t r a -
t ts tt r Itt| t , | a |i m j i tt a stra tr sttt j rtItri | | tm tr It, m i tr -
Iras | a t tr |t s si sItm as a| ai rt |i | rt t| Itrrtr t 1 t| t str a|It
1 t r 1 t r t st j rt 1 a t ta r tr t| a rta m i tr It s.
| a t Ira tIa j a tt r tt| i 1 a 1 tr Irt 1 t | a j rttt| a ts a | a t| | a | a t
st i r i ti a a |t s \ 1 1 i a s | a t 1 t| t tt r t|a i r a |t s 1 ! 1 i a s 1 t
t1 a1 , tt r a r j tst m i r i m t 1 t 1 1 | ] . | | m ar t}t 1 t |t s ar i m a-
|ts ts si m i |a r a |a tIa j a a r Itri t r, a a r | a t |a a |i m tr Ia ti t r t a -
ri a . | a j ri m tra stm a r a ts a r a Ia st 1 t a 1 a j Ia ti t r a |a r a tt a
1 i tIa , st | ts tt m i tr t a a m tt t| a r t| j i tr st 1 t i r i ti t tt r t| 1 t
trtti m i tr It | a sIa | a t tt r sa m ar | i | rtm tr It |a rati t r | a t
|ts tt rrtsj t r 1 t.
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
11
| Iaj a 1 t | t| a
| s t| j tri t1 t | a t ta 1 ts1 t
|t s 1 t 1 i as tt r I ! -1 1 | ]
| a t 1 t| t Itrm i r ar a |t s
t t 1 i a s tr tri a r t a s a |-
Ia m tr It tsj tti a| i t a1 as
t a |t s I 1 1 i a s tt m t
m a t i m t t r s i s I t m a s
m tr t s tIi ti tr Its, j trt
Ia m | i tr j rt 1 a tIi t t s
a | Ia m tr It t tt r t m i tt s.
| r ta a|| a i tra 1 t |t s 1 t s
si sItm as t| j tst Ii r a| r t
1 t| t str i r Itri t r a | t s
1 1 | ] tsIt st 1 t| t a|-
tar t ar tr t| m tr t r Ii tm j t j t si | |t si st 1 tsta a r a j rt 1 a tti t r
j t rti r a tIi ti tr It. | r |t s a r i m a|ts | ri t ||t t tt r a r a ] rar j rt -
j t rti t r 1 t sar ] rt 1 t tsIt ] tr t Ii j t , st attj Ia a r j tst i ] a a| t
sa j tri t r a |t s I1 | ] tr I 1 1 i as.
| t s ] ra j t s 1 t ar i m a |ts a| tt m tr t ar |a tt| a strar |t m as a r i -
It rm t j t si | |t tr ta ar It a| Iam a1 t , t1 a1 , j tst ts i m j t rIar It
| a t tt r Ii r a tr }a r It s |t s | trm ar t s 1 t |a m i sm a ta m a1 a. K t st
1 t| tr | attr i r Itrta |am i tr It s 1 t i r 1 i t i 1 a t s t m t t i m i tr It s 1 ts-
j a ts | a t tt m i tr t a | a tt| a j trm a r tttrar tr t| m i sm t tt rra|
| asIa | a t Itrm i r t t| ti t|t j rt 1 a tIi t t , tt ttj It |t s ar i m a|ts | a t
tt j rtstr j t tt 1 tsarrt ||t , | a t st stj ararar 1 t| ] ra j t . | r a r
ta arIt r t tt rra| 1 t tt| a st |t | a| rar 1 taa sas j t r |as ta a|ts st
sa| a tr |t s ar i m a|ts. m a trIt, 1 tstt| t satri Ii ti t . | a r t t | str-
t ar ti a 1 t tsIt s j t sIa |a1 t s 1 tItrm i r a 1 a1 t s tr |t s ar i m a| ts
rt1 a tti t r 1 t |a ]ar ar ti a 1 t j tst .
| a tt m i 1 a 1 t| 1 i a ts j rtItri | |t 1 i sIri | a i r|a tr 1 rati t r ts, j rt ta -
rar 1 t a r tsj ati t 1 t 1 , I I -1 , 1 1 m
I
j t r ar i m a| 1 t I I a 1 1 tm 1 t
Irtr It 1 t tt m t1 trt . | a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t t|tm tr It s j t r ]ra j t stra
tr Irt I I ta| tt as j t r tt rra|.
| r It 1 as |as taIt]t ri as 1 t ar i m a|ts, ttr1 as, tt t| i r aIa, stm tr -
Ia|, tri a, j rttt| a tt| a, st 1 t| t ]arar Ii tar t| a]a a j ara | t| tr
1 a ra r It |as I \ | t ras 1 t| 1 i a.
12
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| t s ttr1 t s tr tt| a, si tsIa r a|i m tr Ia1 t s tt rrttIa m tr It, 1 t| tr
j trm ar tttr a tt sIa1 t s t| 1 X 1 t| Ii tm j t , ts 1 tti r a r as 1 | t -
ras st |t ! | t ras |as tm j |tarar tr tt m tr rt|ati t r arst tt r |t s
1 tm as m i tm | rt s 1 t| ] ra j t .
k sj ttIt s ] tr tra|ts 1 t| m ar t}t
| | tsj ati t t i Ia| j ara |t s ar i m a|ts, 1 tsj a ts 1 t |a a|i m tr Iati t r ,
ts a r t 1 t | t s asj ttIt s tstr ti a|ts 1 t | a tri ar t a. | r 1 tj tr 1 tr ti a
1 t| si sItm a 1 t tri a, tsIt i r I|a t 1 tti si t am tr It tr |a s r t rm a s 1 t
| i ]i tr t a i m j |ar Iar tr |a a r i 1 a1 |a sa|a 1 1 t |t s ar i m a|ts.
a| |a . | sj a ti t rt| a tri 1 t j t r ta It] t ri a si sItm a 1 t tt j |t Iati t r
k k r i m a|ts tsIa| a |a1 t s

| a It] t ri a
k |t } a m i tr It
m
I I
a r i m a |
| rtr It 1 t tt m t1 t rt
tm I a r i m a |

| tr1 t s Itt rra |
tm tr Ia| t , 1 - , 1 I 1 , 1
| tr1 as r t j a ri 1 as I , 1 \ 1 , 1
| atIar It I , 1 \ 1 , 1
| rttt| a 1 , \ , 1
| t| a 1 , I I - 1 , 1 1 I I - 1 1 -I I
| t t| i r aIa , 1 - , ! 1 1 I , 1

| r tsj ati t j t r ar i m a| r t i r t|a t t| arta 1 t |t s tt m t1 trt s. | as
tar t as t tt m t1 trt s st j rt It]trar j ara | a t |t s ar i m a|ts r t st
j a t1 ar att sIar tr sa i r Itri t r. | t r tsIa m t1 i 1 a st tt i Ia |a tt r -
Iam i r ati t r , |as j tr1 i 1 as 1 t| a|i m tr It y no se deteriora la efi-
ciencia productiva.
| k r i m a|ts tr artas a| i trIas
tm tr Ia| ts. t m a r Itr -
1 ra r tsIa| a | a 1 t s j rtIt-
rtr Itm tr It. t |ts 1 t| t
] a ra r Ii t a r a r t sj a ti t
a 1 i t i t r a | j a Ii t s 1 t
aj rt t i m a1 am tr It \ 1 m
I
j ara rta |i t a r | t s t} trti -
ti t s. K t t | sIa r It, t r
tri as a| ai rt |i | rt t tr
tt It s j t rti r t s, a | t s
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
13
stm tr Ia |ts st |ts | a ttr
tt r t i t i r tt r |as | tm | ras
t a ti a s 1 a ra r It 1 t It rm i -
r a1 as | t ra s 1 t| 1 i a 1 ts-
j a ts st tsIa | a | ar .
| tr1 a s r t j a ri 1 a s. | sIa
ta It] t ri a r tttsi Ia tr Irt
\ ! 1 -! 1 1 m
I
Ia r i m a |. | as
t t r1 a s s t a | i t a r t r
ta arIt r ts i r 1 tj tr 1 i tr Its
st] a r sa ta It] t ri a tsj tti Ii ta , tr Itrrtr t s a |It s 1 t r 1 t r t st
j rt 1 a t ta r tr t| a ra ta m i tr It s. | | a rta 1 t| t 1 i sj t r tr 1 t j a s-
It r aIa ra| t arIi Ii ti a|, t m tt t|a 1 t am | t s, j rtItrtr Itm tr It
1 t j a sIt | sIrt| | a m t} t ra 1 t , M a | t a 1 t tt t| i r t t | | t1 t | | a r tt .
| r | t s tt It s j t rti r t s | a | a t ] a ra r Ii t a r | a ttrta j tri m tIra | ,
t| atttst a Ia tr Its 1 t a] a a a| a|i m tr It r aIa ra| tt i sItr It.
| tr1 as |atIar Its. | a s | tm | ras | a t |a tIa r a sa s
tri as r tttsi Iar 1 t ! ! 1 m
II
ar i m a| tr artas 1 t r -
1 t r t st j rt 1 a t ta r tr t| a rta m i tr It s. | r a r
m i sm t |t It t ta arIt r j a t1 t | a| tr m as 1 t a r a
| tm | ra 1 t t sIa ta It] t ri a , si tm j rt | a t st | ts
tt r sIra a a r a tastIa j a ra a st i r 1 i t i 1 a a|, ts-
j tti a | m tr It t| j a rIt | a | a tIa r ti a .
| rttt| a s. t rt| a i trtr ! 1 m
I
Ia r i m a | , tr a rta s a | Ia s tt r
j a sIt r a Ia ra | t a rIi Ii ti a | . | | a rta It Ia | st tsIa | | ttt m t1 i a r It
t| ta|ta |t i r i ti a| 1 t| r a m trt 1 t j rttt| as | a t | a | ra j trm a-
r tr Itm tr It j t r | t It t ta a rIt r . | sIa ti Ira r t 1 t| t stra m a t r
1 t I ! a r i m a | ts. tr 1 ra r a tttst a | a ] a a 1 t It rm a r a Ia ra | st
|ts tt r sIra i ra r | t| t1 trt s tt m t1 trt s | a t sa Ii sIa ] a r |a s r t-
ttsi 1 a1 ts 1 t| ] ra j t .
t 1 a s |as artas r tttsi Iar a| m tr t s a r 1 X 1 t st m | ra r aIa ra|,
j ri r ti j a|m tr It tt r ar| t |ts aj rt j i a 1 t s.
| t| a . | a m t} t r t j ti t r j ara t| m ar t}t tt j |t Iati t r 1 t tsIa ta-
It]t ri a ts |a tsIa| a |ati t r t tt r Ii r am i tr It rtsj tIar 1 t |t s tsj a-
ti t s t i Ia|ts. i t| si sItm a ts tt r |t s ar i m a|ts sa t|It s, st r tttsi Ia
r t m tr t s 1 t ! 1 1 m
I
Iar i m a| a r 1 X 1 t| arta tt r st m | ra
r a Ia ra | .
14
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| t| a tri m i tr It s r a Iri ti t r a|ts st] a r K | | 1 1
| a tr It . M a r a a| 1 t | ri a r t a | t rti r a , | r sIi Ia It 1 t | r ttsIi ] ati t r ts | t rti r a s | | |.
| t s ar i m a|ts | a t st tt j |t Ia r tr si sItm as tt Itr si t t s, sa t|It s t
tr j asIt rtt s 1 t ta arIt r ts, rt| a tri rar m as tr tr] i a tr |a 1 i tIa,
aa r | a t | a | a t tt r si 1 trar t| aj t rIt | a t | attr |t s a|i m tr It s
| a t j rt ta ra r j t r si st |t s. | s i m j t rIar It t| sa m i r i sIrt 1 t It rra-
}ts a |as rtj rt 1 a tIt ras, stm tr Ia|ts |as taIt] t ri as 1 t tt| as ta ar -
1 t tsIar tsIa| a |a1 t s. | r Irt |t s m as tt r t ti 1 t s tr r a tsIrt m t1 i t
tsIar t| | t}a tt 1 t | t r i a It , | i r ] -] rass, m a|t as 1 t tt t| i r t , | |t1 t
| |ar tt t tr1 t |a] a , |t s ta a|ts | a ttr a r aj t rIt a1 tta a1 t 1 t
Ii | ras, t i Iam i r as m i r tra|ts
| r j a sIt rt ] a | a r | a t 1 i sj t r ] a 1 t m t 1 i 1 a s a ] rt It tr i ta s
rt]a |arts j a t1 t j rt 1 a ti r ! 1 IIta| a||tri a 1 t m asa t tr1 t a| a1 t
| t m i tr t t | i r a |
| tr1 a s | tsIa r Its
| ] I1 i a , 1 t , !
| | X I , 1 1 I , \ 1
| t r sa m t | | ] I1 i a I ! 1 , 1 1 I I 1 , 1 1
| r tr]i a, M ! I| ] I I , 1 I t , I
| tr1 a s | atIar Its
| ] I1 i a \ , 1 ! , t t
| | X t , 1 1 1 , I 1
| t r sa m t | | ] I1 i a I 1 1 , 1 1 1 I , 1 1
| r tr]i a, M ! I| ] \ , I 1 \ , I 1

| t r sa m t , | ] I1 i a | | , ] I 1 i a
| tr1 as V ati as I , ! 1 I ! 1
| tr1 as | a | i trIas ! stm ar as I , I ! I ! 1
| ri as 1 , 1 t -1 , 1 1

tm tr Ia |ts
| ]I1 i a I , 1 1
| | , X 1 , 1 1
| t r sa m t | | ]I1 i a I t 1 , 1 1
| r tr] i a M ! I| ] I , \ \

| ar ] t 1 t j tst
| rtti m i tr It | t| a 1 -I 1 I 1 -! 1 ! 1 - 1 1 - 1 1
| ]I1 i a , 1 1 , ! ! I , ! I ! 1 , 1 I !
| | , X I 1 , 1 1 , 1 1 ! , 1 1 1 , I 1 1
| t r sa m t | | ]I1 i a I 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 \ , 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 \ 1 t , 1 1
| r tr] i a M ! I| ] \ , I 1 \ , I \ , I \ , I
| r tr] i a M ! I1 i a \ , I 1 I t , 1 \ 1 t , ! t \ 1 , t t

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
15
, II| a . K t t | sIar It, | a t ari ati t r ts 1 t rtr 1 i m i tr It tr Irt
|a j ri m at tra t| i r t i trr t i r t|a st ta ar 1 t st 1 i sj t r t 1 t ri t] t .
| ara Itr tr i r 1 i ta 1 t rts 1 t rtItrtr ti a | a t j trm i Iar tsIi m a r |a
1 i sj t r i | i |i 1 a1 1 t j asIt s j ara 1 i Itrtr Its taIt]t ri as st j a t1 tr tt r -
si 1 trar |t si ] a i tr It.
| a = 1 | ] Ia1 t , m
I
= , | ] Ia1 t
! ! 1 m
I
= t ! | ] Ia1 t = , t | ] Ia r i m a|I1 i a . | tr1 as |atIar Its
\ ! 1 m
I
= ! 1 1 | ] Ia1 t = , 1 | ] I a r i m a|I1 i a . | tr1 as r t j ari 1 as
! 1 1 m
I
= ! ! 1 | ] Ia1 t = , ! 1 | ] I ar i m a|I1 i a. | t| a
! 1 m
I
= ! t | ] Ia1 t = 1 , ! | ] I ar i m a|I1 i a. | rttt| a
16
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| k | | | | 1 | | . | tj rt1 a tti tr
|
a taj ati 1 a1 j ara |a
rt j rt 1 a tti t r t s | a
tIaj a m as i m j t rIar -
It tr |a j rt 1 a tti t r j t rti r a.
i r a r a a|i m tr Iati t r tt rrtt-
Ia, m ar t}t t | i ]i tr t a1 tta a-
1 t s, r t ts j t si | |t a|tar tar
a r a 1 tsttr 1 tr ti a tt r t| Ia-
m a1 t 1 t tam a1 a a1 tta a1 t ,
|tt| t r ts sa|a 1 a| |ts, taj atts
1 t |t ] rar a r a a|Ia tt r t trsi t r 1 t |t s a|i m tr It s | a t tt r sa m t tr
tarr t | a t |t ] rt t| j tst a| satri Ii ti t tr t| m tr t r Ii tm j t j t si | |t.
| ara |t ]rar tsIt j rt j t si It ts r tttsari t a r a taIt]t ri tati t r j rt -
1 a tIi t a , j ri r ti j a|m tr It tr |as | tm | ras 1 tsIi r a1 as a |a rtj rt -
1 a tti t r , j a ra 1 a r| ts a r a 1 tta a 1 a a | i m tr Ia ti t r , m a r t} t
aItr ti t r t tItri r ari a. | r a r rt| a1 t t ]ra j t 1 t rtj rt 1 a tIt ras
tt i sItr ! taIt] t ri as.
Cerdas vacas: t r |as m a1 rts 1 tsItIa1 as rtti tr Itm tr It aa r
r t tsIar ta | i trIas.
Cochinatas: t r |as | tm | ras 1 tsIi r a1 as a |a rtj rt 1 a tti t r | a t
rt t m j | a t a ra r | a s t t r1 a s j t t t j rt 1 a t I i t a s t | a s | a t
i r trtm tr Iarar t| rt| a1 t t ] ra j t 1 t rtj rt 1 a tIt ras.
Cerdas cubiertas: t r |a | tm | ras tt r m tr t s 1 t a r m ts 1 t m t r -
Ia1 as t i r stm i r a1 as.
Cerdas gestadas: t r a| a t||as | a t r t j rtstr Iar tt|t 1 tsj a ts 1 t
a r m ts 1 t m t r Ia1 as t i r stm i r a1 as.
Cerdas lactantes: | s t| ]ra j t 1 t m a1 rts j ari 1 as | a t st tr ta tr -
Irar am am ar Iar 1 t |a 1 tsttr 1 tr ti a.
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
17
| t r si 1 trati t r ts rtj rt 1 a tIi t as j ara aa m tr Iar
|a tIi ti tr ti a j rt 1 a tIi t a
| a ta j ati 1 a1 j ara |a rtj rt 1 a tti t r aj arttt tr 1 tItrm i r a1 a t1 a1
1 t | t s ar i m a|ts, tsIa tt r 1 i ti t r a1 a t 1 tj tr 1 t m a t| t , tr Irt
t Irt s IatIt rts, 1 t| r i t t| 1 t a|i m tr Iati t r rtti | i 1 a, t| t|i m a 1 t r 1 t
st 1 tsarrt ||t 1 t |a rat a. | sIt j tri t 1 t 1 t |a t i 1 a 1 t| ar i m a| st
1 tr t m i r a j a | trIa1 , ] tr tra| m tr It st a|tar t a tr Irt |t s t |t s
1 m tsts 1 t t1 a1 , tr 1 tj tr 1 tr ti a 1 t |a rat a, t| t|i m a t| r i t t| 1 t
a|i m tr Iati t r .
| | j rt 1 a tIt r 1 t| t tt r t ttr, | a t 1 tsj a ts 1 t | a j a | trIa 1 , | a a t-
Ii t i 1 a1 rtj rt 1 a tIi t a 1 t sa s ttr1 as st 1 tsarrt ||ara tr It rm as
1 t ti t| t s | a t st rtj i Itr ta 1 a I 1 i a s, a j rt t i m a 1 a m tr It, si r t
| a t1 a ] tsIa r It. k t| | t st | t 1 tr t m i r a ti t| t tsIra | | a s ta ra t-
Itri sIi tas j ri r ti j a|ts 1 t sa s Iasts |a 1 tstri | i rtm t s a tt r Ii r a a-
ti t r | i ] a ra .
| i ] a ra . |a sts 1 t| ti t|t tsIra| sa s tara tIt ri sIi ta s.
PROESTRO. 2 - 4 das.
Enrojecimiento y mayor tamao de
la vulva. Estos cambios aparecen
de 2 - 6 das antes del celo y son
ms evidentes en la hembra
primeriza. Los cambios en el
comportamiento son graduales, la
cerda esta intranquila, atrae al
macho pero no lo acepta.
ESTRO (celo). 2 - 3 das.
La hembra acepta al macho y ovula. La deteccin del
inicio el estro y la prediccin de la ovulacin es
fundamental para lograr una buena efectividad en la I.A.
Los mtodos para detectar el celo se basan en los
cambios de la vulva y el comportamiento de la hembra:
enrojecimiento y aumento de secreciones vulvares,
prdida del apetito y emisin de sonido semejantes al del
macho. El reflejo de inmovilidad es la manifestacin
externa ms importante y requisito previo para la
inseminacin.
Ovulacin: espontnea. 28 - 42 horas despus de la
aparicin del estro. El tiempo empleado por la ovulacin
es de 3-8 horas aproximadamente y la vida media de los
ovocitos es de 4 a 12 horas y la de los espermatozoides
de 24 horas con 2 a 4 horas de capacitacin.
METAESTRO. 7 - 9 das.
Se atenan
paulatinamente todos los
sntomas del celo. En
caso de gestacin la etapa
se prolonga hasta 114
das.
DIESTRO.
Fase de reposo
sexual y cuando
no hay gestacin
es la ms larga del
ciclo. El aparato
reproductor de la
cerda se prepara
para el prximo
ciclo estral.
CICLO ESTRAL
F A S E S
18
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| | | | 1 | | k | . t| ti t|t tsIra| ts t| j tri t 1 t tt m j rtr 1 i 1 t tr Irt
t| tt m i tr t t 1 t| tt| t t| i r i ti t 1 t| si ] a i tr It. | r |a ttr1 a st j rt -
1 a tt 1 t It rm a rt] a | ar, ta1 a I \ 1 i as tt m t j rt m t1 i t .
| a 1 tIttti t r 1 t| tt|t t| m t m tr It t j Ii m t
j ara |a i r stm i r ati t r t |a ta | ri ti t r
| s i m j t rIa r It j rtti sa r t| tt m i tr t t 1 t| tt| t j a ra t | Itr tr a r a
| a tr a tIttIi t i 1 a 1 tr | a ] tsIa ti t r . | | rtI| t}t 1 t i r m t t i |i 1 a 1 ts
t| si r It m a m as taratItri sIi tt 1 t| tt|t , | a t }a r It a| aa m tr It
1 t | a s sttrtti t r ts t a ] i r a | ts i r 1 i ta t| i r i ti t 1 t| m i sm t t|
m t m tr It t j Ii m t j ara rta|i t ar |a i r stm i r ati t r t t| aj arta-
m i tr It tt r t| t trratt . t 1 tIttIa ta ar 1 t a| t}trttr a r a j rt-
si t r tr |a rt] i t r 1 t rst -|a m | a r, |a ttr1 a st | a t1 a i r m t t i |
j t r t | a s t rt} a s trttIa s.
| a i r stm i r a ti t r tt r si sIt tr 1 tj t si Iar t| stm tr tr |t s ] tr i Ia|ts
1 t | a | tm | ra . | ara t||t | a | a t 1 tj t si Iar |a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t stm tr
r tttsari a, tr t| si Ii t tt atIt 1 t |t s ]tr i Ia|ts tr t| m t m tr It
j rtti st , j t r Iar It , st rt| a i trt 1 t a r j trst r a| ta|i Ii ta1 t j ara sa
rta|i tati t r . | a i r stm i r ati t r arIi Ii ti a|, 1 tr Irt 1 t sa s m a |Ii j |ts
t tr Ia}as j t si | i |i Ia t| tra tt tt r stm tr Ia|ts 1 t a|It t a|t r ] tr tIi tt ,
tt i Ia |t s tt sIt s 1 t m ar a Itr ti t r m ar t}t 1 t |t s m at| t s |a
j rt j a] ati t r 1 t tr Itrm t1 a1 ts Irar sm i si | |t j t r t| tt i It
ttr i ta 1 t i r stm i r ati t r
| a i r stm i r a ti t r st | att tr |t
m as j rt Ia r 1 t 1 t| ta t||t 1 t| a It-
rt . t j rtti sa 1 t a r tr t ast t
Irastt tt r |a 1 t si s 1 t stm tr
a r taItItr t t ari ||a 1 t i r stm i -
r ati t r .
| rt tt1 i m i tr It
| i m j i ar |a t a |t a stj ara r |i ] tra m tr It | t s |a| i t s t a |t arts
| r Irt 1 a ti r t| taItItr tt r a r ar ]a |t aj rt t i m a1 t 1 t \ ! ]ra1 t s
|a t] t tt |t tar |a t ari ||a j ara|t| t tt r rtsj ttIt a| t}t 1 t |a
tt |a m r a t trIt| ra| m i tr Iras st at ar t a Ii }ar |a m i sm a.
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
19
| t r ttIar t| Irastt a| taItItr, m a r Itr tr|t a Itm j traIa ra am -
| i tr It tt | t tar|t a a r a a |Ia ra sa j tri t r a |a 1 t |a t ari ||a,
j ara |t|t a |a ] ra j a.
| }trttr tt r |a m ar t |i | rt a r a j rtsi t r st | rt t| |t m t 1 t |a
ttr1 a, 1 ar m asa}ts tr t| t|i It ri s rtIi rar t| taItItr ta i 1 a1 t sa-
m tr It ta ar 1 t r t | a t1 t stm tr .
| as 1 t si s 1 t stm tr st tt r strt ar tr Irt ! - I | , tr a r |a ] ar
Irtstt , 1 t r 1 t st tt i It |a i r ti 1 tr ti a 1 t |t s ra t s st |arts. | as m i s-
m as r t st 1 t| tr m a r Itr tr tr rtIri ] tra1 t rts 1 t m tsIi tt s, | a -
rar It |a Irar sj t rIati t r , st tt i Iar |t s m t t i m i tr It s | ra stt s |a
a]i Iati t r . | as 1 t si s st tt r strt ar tr tt tt|tr Its tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 a -
rar It I \ | t ras a Itm j traIa ra am | i tr It.
| arIt . k Itr ti t r a |a j arIa ri tr Ia a |as tri as
k |a ttr1 a r t st |t 1 t| t m t |tsIar tt r ra i 1 t s t tt r |a j rtstr ti a
1 t j trst r as a}tr as t| 1 i a 1 t| j arIt . t 1 i sIri | a i ra a|] a r m aItri a|
a| st r| tr It | a t si rt a 1 t tam a j ara |a j arIa ri tr Ia, | a t j a t1 t
str t i ra Ia 1 t m a1 tra, | a] at t t | i tr| a stta. i |as ttr1 as st a | i -
tar tr tt rra|ts tt r j i st 1 t ttm tr It , Ii trra t |t sas, |a tam a st
1 i sIri | a t | t ras ar Its j ara | a t |a ttr1 a tIttIa t t| ri Ia a| 1 t|
j arIt , | a t r t ts m as | a t t| att m t 1 t t tt r Ittti t r 1 t| r i 1 t 1 t r -
1 t j ari ra. | r tast 1 t j i st s j |asIi tt s rar a ra1 t s tt m t |t s | a t st
a Ii |i tar tr si sItm as 1 t a|Ia Ittr t |t ]i a, r t st r tttsi Iarar tsIt s
m aItri a|ts.
t 1 t| tr t | strt a r a Itr Ia m tr It | a s m a r i ItsIa ti t r ts j rt j i a s
1 t| j a rIt , j ri r ti j a | m tr It | a s tt r Ira tti t r ts | a t st j rt 1 a ttr
a |t |ar] t 1 t |a | arri ] a, tt m t rtsa |Ia1 t 1 t| Ira| a}t 1 t |a j rtr sa
a| 1 t m i r a|, i r Irar | a i |i 1 a1 , tm i si t r 1 t ]tm i 1 t s, tr rt }tti m i tr -
It 1 t |a t a |t a 1 i |aIati t r , t1 tm a 1 t |as m am as tt r sttrt-
ti t r 1 t ta| t sIrt t| | t ti | a tt | a t rta|i t a st | rt t| j i st j ara
t r] a r i t a r t| r i 1 t .
t |t st }a sIi Ii ta |a i r Itrt tr ti t r 1 t| | t m | rt tr |t s tast s 1 t 1 i Ii -
ta |Ia1 j ara tt j a |sar |t s ItIt s ta ar 1 t 1 i sm i r a tr t ttsar |as
tt r Iratti t r ts a Itri r as. k m t1 i 1 a | a t r at tar |t s ttr1 i It s st
t t|ara j t r| a t r t | a t1 tr a1 | tri 1 t s rtsIt s 1 t m tm | rar as ItIa|ts
tr t| | t ti tt | a t 1 i Ii ta |Itr sa rtsj i ra ti t r , st j t 1 ra r tsIi m a |ar
20
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
tt r sa at ts m asa}ts tar1 i att s si |t rt| a i trtr , st rtt i sarar m i -
r a ti t sam tr It |t s |a| i t s, j a|a1 ar 1 a rt t| ar t , st 1 tsi r IttIa t|
tt r1 t r a m | i |i ta| st 1 tstt |m i ||ar .
| tsj a ts 1 t |a tt j a |si t r 1 t |a j |attr Ia, st 1 tsi r IttIar |as m a-
m as, m a s|t s |a t t r a a|rt1 t1 t r 1 t |a t a |t a t| ar t . | a j |attr Ia
rtsIt s 1 t m tm | ra r a st rtIi rar 1 t| arta, st | i m j i a t| tt rra | tr
sttt , st ta | rt t| j i st tt r a| a r 1 ar It t i ra Ia stta |i m j i a st
aj |i ta st |a ti t r 1 tsi r IttIar It.
| a s tri a s sa Irtr m a t| t 1 a 1 t j t r | a | a m t1 a 1 | a s | a } a s Itm -
j tra Ia ra s j t r t| | t st rtIa ] i a ra r tr | a ] a rts tt r It rIa | | ts
ta|i 1 t s, a a r | a t sta tr tt r 1 i ti t r ts ra sIi tas. | r a t tt | a t r a-
ttr st j t r tr a m am ar t| ta|t sIrt i r m t1 i aIam tr It. | sIa tt m -
j rt | a 1 t | a t t| m a t r r a m trt 1 t m a trIt st j rt 1 a tt tr | t s
j ri m trt s 1 i a s 1 t r a ti 1 t s, j t r tsIa ra t t r st It m a ra r m t1 i 1 a s
j a ra 1 tIttIa r | t s j rt | | tm a s 1 t ta r i | a | i sm t j t r j a rIt 1 t | a
m a1 rt, 1 i arrtas tr |as tri as, j t si | i |i 1 a1 ts 1 t aj |asIa m i tr It
|a s i r Ittti t r ts a m | i |i ta |ts. | t s m a t| t s st ta sIra ra r a j a rIi r
1 t | t s 1 1 i a s 1 t r a ti 1 t s a r Its 1 t | t s \ . | t s a r i m a | ts | a t
r a t ta r tr tt rra | ts tt r j i st s 1 t Ii trra j trm a r tt ta r tr ts-
Ias tt r 1 i ti t r ts, r t stra r tttsari t i r ttIar|t 1 tt Irar a tt r
| i trrt , si r tm | a r] t , tr t Irt Ii j t 1 t i r sIa | a ti t r | a | a t a j | i -
tar tsIt m t1 i tam tr It tr Itt| a | a t tt i r ti 1 a tt r |a tasIra-
ti t r , j a ra rt1 a ti r a| m i r i m t |as m ar i j a | ati t r ts.
| | sa m i r i sIrt 1 t a | i m tr It s st | a ra a j a rIi r 1 t | t s I - \ 1 i a s
1 t r a ti 1 t s j a ts | a i r ] tsIi t r 1 t | a | tt| t m a Itrr a ts sa Ii ti tr It
1 a ra r It | t s j ri m trt s 1 i a s. | | Ii tm j t 1 t | a tIa r ti a st1 a | a 1 t r t
ts t| m i r i m t | a t st j a t1 t |t ] rar, si tt i sIi trar tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t
a|i m tr Iati t r | a|ar tta1 a tt r a r sa| t r aIratIi t t , tsIt j t-
ri t 1 t j a t1 t a tt rIa rst a si st i r trtm tr Ia t| j t Itr ti a | j rt -
1 a tIi t t 1 t | a s m a 1 rts, j a ts j t 1 ri a r j a ri r m a s tr t| a 1 t .
| | 1 tsIt It st | a ra tr Irt | t s I ! 1 1 1 i a s 1 t t1 a 1 . | | j rt 1 a tIt r
1 t| t 1 tti 1 i r tsIt m t m tr It , tr rt| a ti t r tt r t| tsIa 1 t Ii si tt 1 t
|a s tri a s 1 t |a m a 1 rt, tt r si 1 tra r 1 t | a t tr |a s j ri m tra s t|
j tst t i t t m i r i m t sta 1 t I | ] ! | i | ras . | tsj a ts 1 t| 1 tsItIt,
|a s tri a s st Ira Ia r tt r a r | a 1 t a r Ii j a ra si Ia ri t , sa m tr] i tr 1 t -
|a s | rtt tm tr It tr a r Ia r | a t tt r t| j rt 1 a tIt .
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
21
| a t1 t t ta rri r | a t a 1 tItrm i r a1 a ttr1 a st |t att rIt t| j tri t 1 t 1 t
|atIar ti a a t Iras st |t tt Ii tr 1 a, 1 t ata tr1 t tt r |as tt r 1 i ti t -
r ts tt r trtIas tsj tti Ii tas 1 t ta1 a |a ]ar. | sIt ts t a|i 1 t j ara
tt j | t Iati t r ts j t| a t1 as m t1 i ar as 1 t a ! 1 rtj rt 1 a tIt ras It -
Ia|ts, |as | a t j a t1 tr Itr tr aj rt t i m a1 am tr It | asIa 1 rtj rt -
1 a tIt ras tr |atIar ti a. i | a tt j |t Iati t r t tt t| i | a tra ts m a t r
st j rt ta rara |a m a t r a r i It rm i 1 a1 j t si | |t tr t| I|a }t Ittr t |t ] i -
tt j ara a|tar tar a r a j rt 1 a tti t r tsIa| |t.
Atencin a los sementales. | |
j rt 1 a tIt r 1 t| t tt r t ttr | a ta -
| i 1 a 1 ] t r t I i t a 1 t | t s
stm tr Ia | ts | a t a Ii |i t a sa s
j t It r ti a | i 1 a 1 ts j rt 1 a tIi t a s.
| a t| ttti t r 1 t| stm tr Ia | tsIa
tr tsIrtt| a rt|ati t r tt r t| t | -
}tIi t t j rt 1 a tIi t t | a t st j trsi -
] a t. si t| tri a 1 t r t a a j rt 1 a ti r
| tm | ra s j a ra t| rttm j | a t t , st t| t] i ra a r stm tr Ia | | a t a j t r-
It a r ri Im t 1 t trtti m i tr It raj i 1 t m a t r ta|i 1 a1 1 t |as tar-
r ts 1 t It rm a | a t | a 1 tsttr 1 tr ti a a | ta r tt t| m a t r j tst tr t|
m tr t r Ii tm j t j t si | |t.
i t| t | }tIi t t ts j rt 1 a ti r t| rttm j |at t t trtttr tr t| rt| a1 t , st
a Ii |i tara a r stm tr Ia| ta a rata t ]tr t Ii j t ]arar Ii tt a r a 1 ts-
ttr 1 tr ti a | tm | ra 1 t | a tr a ta|i 1 a1 , 1 ts1 t t| j a r It 1 t t i sIa
rtj rt 1 a tIi t t tt m j t rIam i tr It m aItrr t .
1 a | a t tt r si 1 trar | a t a r stm tr Ia| si ] r i Ii ta, tt m t m i r i m t
t| ] asIt 1 t I 1 t j i tr st 1 t | a tr a ta|i 1 a1 Ia1 t , j a ts tt m t
tr Irt I , 1 I , I | ] \ , 1 - ! , 1 | | I1 i a aj rt t i m a1 am tr It I t 1 ]
1 t | | I1 i a .
| r t| m a r t} t , r t st rttt m i tr 1 a a ] ra j a r| t s tt r t Irt s 1 t i ] a a |
taIt] t ri a, j a ts t tasi t r a j t|ta s 1 a1 t s Ii si tt s. t tt i Iarar
|t s ] t |j ts t ta a || a i tr 1 a 1 t tt rj t ra |. | a t}trti Ia ti t r ts i m -
j rtsti r 1 i | | t, j a ts a a r tt r | a tr a a | i m tr Ia ti t r , si r t st rta | i -
t a r | t s t } t rt i t i t s s i s I t m a I i t t s , | a s t t I rt m i 1 a 1 t s
j a rIi ta | a rm tr It | a s j a Ia s Ira stra s, st j t r tr 1 t| i | ts, | t s a r i -
m a|ts tr ] t r1 ar , st 1 t| i |i Iar | t s m a sta |t s 1 i sm i r a t |a ta-
|i 1 a1 1 t| stm tr .
22
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| r asj ttIt i m j t rIar It ts |a j rt j t rti t r 1 t stm tr Ia|ts j t r | tm -
| ra tr tt j |t Iati t r . | a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t m at| t s j t r | tm | ra t ari a tr
1 tj tr 1 tr ti a 1 t| si sItm a rtj rt 1 a tIi t t | a t st a1 t j It. m t r Ia 1 i -
rttIa t i r stm i r ati t r arIi Ii ti a|.
Monta Directa: \ - I | tm | rasIstm tr Ia|, 1 t r 1 t st i r t|a t a|
rttt|a1 t r.
Inseminacin Artificial: 1 1 - ! 1 | tm | rasIstm tr Ia|. i t| strt i -
ti t 1 t | . k . |t rtti | t 1 t aIa tra st|t Itr 1 ra a r t t tari ts rttt|a1 t rts,
tr 1 tj tr 1 tr ti a 1 t |a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t rtj rt 1 a tIt ras.
| s i m j t rIar It a|t }ar|t s ttrta 1 t |as | tm | ras t ati as, 1 t m t 1 t
| a t st j a t1 a r t tr j trti | i r sa s t |t rts rtti j rt ta m tr It. | sIt s
st r IatIt rts | a t i r 1 a ttr |a j rtstr Iati t r 1 t| tt|t .
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
23
| k | | | | 1 | | | . | rt1 a tti tr j rtj arati tr
1 t a|i m tr It s j ara ttr1 ts | a t st
tt j |tIar tr tt r 1 i ti tr ts ra sIi tas
|
t s ttr1 t s m a sIi -
t a r 1 t I t rm a
i m j trIttIa tt -
m tr tt r ]|t It r tri a. i a
t||t st |t a r t, tt m t st
tt j rtst a r Itri t rm tr It,
|a |t r ] i Ia 1 1 t sa s i r Its-
Ii r t s tt r rt|ati t r a |a
m a sa tt rj t ra|, st 1 ts-
j rtr 1 t, tt m t i m j t rIar -
ti a j ratIi ta tr |a tri ar ta, |a r tttsi 1 a1 1 t j rtj arar a1 tta a1 am tr It
|t s a|i m tr It s sa m i r i sIrarst|t s t ari as t ttts a| 1 i a.
| a ra | t s j t| a t1 t s m t1 i a r t s j rt 1 a tIt rts, ts j t si | | t | | t] a r a
j rt 1 a ti r ta si It 1 t s | t s a | i m tr It s | a t st r tttsi Ia r , a Ii | i t a r 1 t
|t s ta |Ii t t s tr rt Ia ti t r tt r t Ira s j |a r Ia ti t r ts, | a s j rt 1 a t-
ti t r t s 1 t ] ra r t s It 1 t s | t s rt si 1 a t s 1 t t t st t | a s t
sa | j rt 1 a tIt s a ] ri tt |a s.
| ara j rt 1 a ti r |a a|i m tr Iati t r r tttsari a j a ra a r a rtj rt 1 a tIt ra
It 1 a sa 1 tsttr 1 tr ti a | asIa Ii r a|i t ar |a tt| a tt r 1 ar i m a|ts
tr tt i sItr ti a j trm ar tr It, st r tttsi Iar , ! | a \ \ , t t tt r1 t|ts
1 t Ii trra, | a t st rt Ia , ! t tttsI a1 t . tsIas tt j ttIaIi t as st ta m -
j |tr tt r |a si tm | ra 1 t ] rar t s a r arta j trm ar tr It 1 t ta1 a . i
t| j rt 1 a tIt r a Ii |i t a a1 tta a1 am tr It |t s rtsi 1 a t s 1 t sa s tt stt| as
| a| i Ia a|ts, tt m t t| | t r i aIt , m a|ar ] a t| 1 am t, rai tts tt m t |a
a ta |t s It ||a}ts 1 t | t rIa|i t as t Ira s j |ar Ias, t| a rta r tttsa-
ri a st j a t1 t rt1 a ti r j t r |t s r a Iri tr Its | a t a j t rIa r tsIt s
sa | j rt 1 a tIt s t ra| i t as.
24
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| t s ta |Ii t t s | a t | ri r 1 ar a| i m tr It s sa Ii ti tr Its j ara |t s ttr1 t s
st r m a t| t s si m a |Iar tam tr It j trm i Ii rar |a r a Iri ti t r 1 t t Iras
tsj tti ts. K t ts j t si | |t a | t r1 ar|t s It 1 t s tr tsIt m aItri a|, j t r |t
| a t st | ara rtItrtr ti a a a| a t||t s | a t st tt r si 1 tra r m as i m j t r-
Iar Its | a t st a}a sIar a r a tsIras tt r 1 i ti t r ts t|i m aIi tas.
| st 1 t |a ta1 a 1 t ata tar tr |a a|i m tr Iati t r 1 t ttr1 t s
| a m a t ri a 1 t |t s j ai sts tt r t|tt a1 as j rt 1 a tti t r ts 1 t tarr t 1 t
ttr1 t , Ii tr tr ]tr tra|m tr It a|Ias j rt 1 a tti t r ts 1 t a|i m tr It s j ara
tsIt s ar i m a |ts, tstr ti a|m tr It 1 t ttrta |ts 1 t st a. | a j rt 1 a t-
ti t r 1 t tarr t 1 t ttr1 t tr | a | a, tt i 1 tr Itm tr It r t st 1 t| t aj t -
ar tr |a i m j t rIa ti t r 1 t ttrta |ts, j t r Ia r It , j ara j t 1 tr
i r trtm tr Iar|a si ] r i Ii -taIi t am tr It tr |t s j rt t i m t s a1 t s, st 1 t| t
1 i sj t r tr 1 t a r a | ast a|i m tr Iari a r ati t r a | | a t rtsj a|1 t tsIt
j rt j t si It . | a Iratti t r st |a | |t 1 t |a ta1 a 1 t at a tar j a t1 t Itr tr
1 i t trsas a| Itrr aIi t as 1 t a st tt r 1 tsIi r t a |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t tar-
r t 1 t ttr1 t | i ]a ra I .
| a tt r ttr Irati t r tr tr] tIi ta t| t a|t r r a Iri Ii t t 1 t |a s m i t|ts st
Iat t rtttr tt r |a m tr t r tt Iratti t r 1 t ata tarts tr t| j rt ttst
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
25
i r 1 a sIri a| | a t tsIas 1 t}tr 1 t str a r sa | -j rt 1 a tIt m i t| Ii r a| t
m t|a t a , |t ta a| st rtI|t}a t|aram tr It tr |a tt m j t si ti t r | a i m i -
ta 1 t |as m i sm as a| |a I .
a | | a I . | t m j t si ti t r 1 t 1 i Itrtr Its m i t|ts 1 t ta1 a ta | ar as.
| a tr It. | i ] a trt a | 1 1 1
| t IratIt | i | rt 1 t r i Irt ]tr t m tr t s at a ta rts It Ia| ts
| a s m i t| ts 1 t ta 1 a 1 t a t a ta r st r a | i m tr It s tstr ti a | m tr It
tr tr] tIi tt s 1 t ] rar j a rtt a | a i m i ta, a | a t tsIar It rm a-
1 a s | a si ta m tr It j t r t| tt Ira tIt | i | rt 1 t r i Irt ] tr t , | a t ts | a
sa m a 1 t a t a ta rts It Ia |ts |a s sa sIa r ti a s t r] a r i ta s r t i 1 tr -
Ii Ii ta1 a s 1 K | , | a t r t st r 1 i ] tsIi | |ts j t tt a Ii |i t a1 as j t r
|t s ttr1 t s. | a j rt j t rti t r 1 t ta 1 a a r a 1 t tsIa s Ira tti t r ts,
tam | i a si ] r i Ii taIi t am tr It tr | t s 1 i Itrtr Its Ii j t s 1 t m i t|ts.
| a s m i t| ts 1 t ta 1 a 1 t a t a ta r st r | i | rts 1 t ] ra sa 1 t Ii | ra
t| tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t r i Irt ] tr t ts m a | a}t . | a tt r ttr Irati t r 1 t
at a tarts st |a | |ts satart sa, ] |a tt sa Ira tIt sa 1 i sm i r a t
tr t j t si ti t r a |as ttr i t as | a t st tt r ttr Irar 1 ts1 t |a m i t|
ri ta | a sIa |a m i t| Ii r a |. | a tr tr] i a , ts a j rt t i m a 1 a m tr It I 1 X
m tr t r, | a t |a 1 t ta a|| a i tr ttrta| Ii j i tt .
| a tt r ttr Ira ti t r tr t r] tIi ta t| t a | t r r a Iri Ii t t 1 t | a s m i t -
| ts 1 tItrm i r a r t| tt m j t rIa m i t r It 1 t tt r1 t s t r trtti m i t r It
tt| a I ! 1 1 | ] j tst t i t t . M i tr Ira s m as tr ri | a tti 1 a tr
a t a ta r ts | a m i t| , | t s rt sa | Ia 1 t s st r m a s tt m j a ra | | t s a | t s
| a t st t | Ii tr tr tt r 1 i t Ia s tt r t t r ti t r a | t s | a sa 1 a s tr m a i t
a | | a 1 .
| r 1 i ta 1 t r M i t| | i ta k | M i t| Ii r a |
M aItri a stta
K i Irt ] tr t
| tr i t a s
k t a tarts It Ia|ts
a tart sa
| |a tt sa
| ra tIt sa
| t IratIt |i | rt 1 t r i Irt ] tr t
a sIar ti as t r] ar i tas r t
i 1 tr Ii Ii ta 1 as
| r tr] i a | ra Ia M ! I| ] M
! ,1
1 , I t
I ,
t ,
I ,t
I 1 ,1
I ,I
1 ! ,t
1 , !

! ,1
I I ,
1 , I 1
\ , t
I ! ,1
t 1 ,\
t , \
t ,
1 1 ,1
I ,

\ ,1
I ,
1 , 1
I , I
t 1 , !
! I ,
! , I
I , I
1 1 , \
I 1 , 1

\ , I
1 , !
1 , \ \
1 ,
! , 1
\ 1 , I
, 1
1 , I
I , \
I 1 ,

1 , !

26
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
a | | a 1 . | t m j t rIam i tr It 1 t ttr1 t s tr trtti m i tr It tt| a
a|i m tr Ia1 t s ad libitum tt r 1 i tIas | asa1 as tr m ai t t m i t|ts 1 t ta1 a
1 t at a tar
| a tr Its. | i |t It tI a| 1 1 1 ttr1 t s 1 t |a | | | k ]rt ttrts , M t1 trt s tI a| 1 1 I |
ttr1 t s 1 t| tra tt rt Iati t r a | Y | |
| tsa |Ia1 t s si m i |arts st t | Ia t i trt r tt r ttr1 i It s 1 tsItIa1 t s a |t s
1 1 1 i as 1 t t1 a1 , a|i m tr Ia1 t s tt r 1 i tIas | a sa1 as tr m i t| ri ta t
m i t| | tr tt m j arati t r tt r t| m ai t tr |a tIaj a 1 t a 1 t | ] 1 t
j tst t i t t . a| |a \ .
a | | a \ . | t m j t rIam i tr It 1 t ttr1 t s a | 1 tsItIt a|i m tr Ia1 t s ad libitum
tt r 1 i tIas | a sa1 a s tr m ai t t m i t|ts tr ri | a tti 1 as.
M ai t M i t| k M i t| | M i t| | i r a |
| t r sa m t , | ] M I1 i a
| ar ar ti a, ]I 1 i a
| t r t trsi t r , | ] M I| ] ] ar ar ti a
I , !
t !
I , \ 1
I , !
t I
I , 1
I , \
1
I , 1 I
I , t1
\ \1
t , \

| a tr It. M t1 trt s tI a| 1 1 ! . | tr1 t s m a t| t s tasIra1 t s | tm | ras Y| t | 1 .
ar It |t s ttr1 t s m as }t ttr ts tt m t |t s m as a1 a |It s a|i m tr Ia1 t s
a1 |i | i Ia m tr j tri t 1 t s 1 t trtti m i tr It t trtti m i tr It tt| a, Ii t-
r tr | a t | attr a r m a t r tt r sa m t 1 t m aItri a stta ta ar 1 t i r -
] i trtr ra ti t r ts 1 t m i t| ts tr ri | a tti 1 as 1 t m tr t r 1 tr si 1 a 1
tr tr] tIi ta tr tt m j arati t r tt r |a s 1 t m a i t , j ara ta | ri r sa s
rt| a tri m i tr It s 1 t tr tr]i a. | sIt 1 tItrm i r a | a t |a tt r t trsi t r
a|i m tr Iari a tr Itrm i r t s 1 t m aItri a stta star sa j tri t rts.
| a tt r ttr Ira ti t r tr tr] tIi ta t| t a | t r r a Iri Ii t t 1 t | a s m i t| ts
1 tItrm i r a r Ia m | i tr t| tt m j t rIa m i tr It rtj rt 1 a tIi t t 1 t ttr-
1 a s ] tsIa r Its a | | a ! . | r tsIt ta st , | a ta | i 1 a 1 1 t | a m i t| t|
tt r sa m t 1 t tr tr] i a m tIa| t |i t a | |t | M , 1 tti 1 t st | rt |a ] a-
r a r ti a 1 t j tst tr | a ] tsIa ti t r 1 t | a s ttr1 a s, i r 1 i ta 1 t r 1 t
tt Irtm a i m j t rIar ti a j ara | a t tsIas j a t1 ar tr Irtr Iar a1 t-
ta a1 am tr It |a tIaj a 1 t |atIar ti a si r | a t st aIttItr j t sIt-
ri t rm tr It sa tsIa 1 t Ii si tt |t s i r 1 i ta 1 t rts rtj rt 1 a tIi t t s tr
|t s j rt t i m t s j a rIt s.
M ai t M i t| ri ta M i t| |
| t r sa m t 1 t M , | ] I1 i a
| ar ar ti a 1 t j tst , ] I1 i a
| t r t trsit r , | ] M I| ] ] ar ar ti a
, I \
\ 1
I , \ 1
, \ I
\ I
1 , 1 I
, \
\ 1 I
1 , \

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
27
a | | a ! . | t m j ara ti t r 1 t 1 i Itrtr Its Ii j t s 1 t m i t|ts 1 t ta1 a t m ai t
tt m t | ast a|i m tr Ia ri a 1 t ttr1 as ] tsIa r Its Y| .
| a tr It. | ar tI a | 1 1 !
| ts1 t 1 1 t , st Ira| a}a tr tsIt s rtsa |Ia1 t s j ara a1 tta ar |a Itt-
r t |t ]i a 1 t a|i m tr Iati t r a |as atIa a|ts tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t j rt 1 a t-
ti t r . | t i ]tr m a t r I|tt i | i |i 1 a1 j ara a Ii |i tar|as 1 ts1 t t| si sItm a
i r Itr si t t i r It] ra|, |t s stm i -i r Itr si t t s m t1 i t s, | asIa |as j t| a t-
1 as j rt 1 a tti t r ts.
| a Ittr t |t ] i a 1 t a| i m tr Iati t r | a t st j rt j t r t atIa a|m tr It st
Ia r 1 am tr Ia tr a r a It rm a r t tt r t tr ti t r a| 1 t sa m i r i sIrt 1 t
|t s r a Iri tr Its 1 t |a rati t r a |t s ar i m a|ts. | t r si sIt tr j rtj arar
a r r a t|tt tt r It 1 as |as Ia tr Its 1 t j rt Iti r a, t i Iam i r as m i r t-
ra|ts a tm j |tar tr |a 1 i tIa K | | | 1 V | M . | r |as 1 i Itrtr Its It r-
m a |a s, |a st a aj t rIa tr Irt a r I 1 1 1 X 1 t |a j rt Iti r a It Ia | 1 t
|a rati t r , m i tr Iras | a t t| rtsIt st sa m i r i sIra j t r t Iras Ia tr Its
1 t m tr t r ta |i 1 a1 1 i sj t r i | |ts j t r j arIt 1 t |t s j rt 1 a tIt rts.
| tsj a ts st |ts t ItrIa |a Ia tr It tr tr]tIi ta ad libitum a |t s ttr1 t s
tr trtti m i tr It -tt| a Ittr t | t ] i a 1 t a|i m tr Iati t r m i t Ia rts-
Iri r ]i 1 a a ttr1 as ]tsIar Its, t ati as ta | i trIas ttr1 as r t j ari -
1 as . k si st ] arar Ii t a | a t |t s a r i m a|ts r a r ta 1 t}tr st | rar It 1 t
j rt Iti r a, t i Iam i r as m i r tra|ts, | a t st r | t s i r ] rt1 i tr Its m as
tsta st s tt sIt st s tr r a tsIras tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t j rt 1 a tti t r .
| as r t rm as 1 t a|i m tr Iati t r st t|a| t rart r a | tt r si 1 trar |t s rt-
| a tri m i tr It s r a Iri ti t r a|ts 1 t |a K | | 1 , 1 1 j ara |as 1 i -
Itrtr Its taIt] t ri a s |t s rtsa | Ia1 t s 1 t | as i r t tsIi ] ati t r ts
1 tsa rrt ||a1 as tr t| j ai s. | ara | as ttr1 as r t j ari 1 as st a Ii |i t a
a r a r t rm a 1 t a|i m tr Iati t r tt m j rtr 1 i 1 a tr Irt I ! 1 I 1 ] 1 t
| | I ttr1 aI1 i a 1 1 M ! 1 t | M I 1 i a.
| r ttr1 t s tr trtti m i tr It tt| a, |a Ittr t |t ]i a 1 t sa m i r i sIrt 1 t
|t s K | | | 1 V | M st a}a sIt a |t s ] ram t s 1 t | | | a t 1 t| tr tt r sa -
m i r 1 i ari am tr It, att r1 t a sa j tst t i t t , tr 1 tj tr 1 tr ti a 1 t|
M a i t M i t| ri ta M i t| | M i t| Ii r a |
| t r sa m t M , | ] I1 i a , , 1 I , 1 I ,
| t r sa m t 1 t | M , M }I1 i a I 1 ,I I 1 ,1 I 1 ,! I 1 , !
| ar ar ti a 1 t | tsIati t r , | ] \ ,t \ I ,I 1 I ,\ 1 , t
| ri a s r ati 1 as t i t a s 1 , t 1 , 1 1 , ! 1 ,
| tst a| r attr, | ] , I I , 1 1 , I , 1
| M rtItr i 1 a tr |a | tsIati t r , X | t r sa m t I 1 , I ,\ I I ,I t \ , t

28
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
si sItm a j rt 1 a tIi t t , |as 1 i sj t r i | i |i 1 a1 ts 1 t a|i m tr It s |as tt i -
] tr ti as j ara |a ta|i 1 a1 1 t |a tar a | 1 t |a tarr t. a| |a t .
a | | a t . ttr t |t ] i a 1 t sa m i r i sIrt 1 t |t s K | | | 1 V | M a |t s ttr1 t s tr
trtti m i tr It - tt| a
| a m i sm a I| tt i | i |i 1 a1 st |t tt r tt1 t a |a Ia tr It 1 t tr tr] i a |a
st|ttti t r 1 tj tr 1 tra 1 t |a 1 i sj t r i | i |i 1 a1 1 t a|i m tr It s | a t Itr -
] ar |t s j rt 1 a tIt rts. | as t a ri ar Its m as rttt m tr 1 a| |ts j ara a|-
ta r t a r m t } t rt s i r 1 i ta 1 t rts j rt 1 a tIi t t s, st r | a s m i t| ts
tr ri | a tti 1 a s 1 t |a i r 1 a sIri a at a tartra m i t| ri ta, m i t| k t m i t|
| . | r tt r ttj It m as am j |i t 1 t m i t| tr ri | a tti 1 a i r t|a t 1 i It-
rtr Its j rt j t rti t r ts 1 t m i t| Ii r a| t m t|ata m ttt|a1 as tt r t Irt s
i r ] rt1 i tr Its tr tr] tIi tt s, tsj tti a|m tr It t| | t r i aIt , |a a ta, t|
j |aIar t , at a tar 1 t | arrt1 a ra 1 t| ttr Ira| a t a tartrt t Irt s. | |
| a r ] t 1 t | tst V i t t
1 t | t s ttr1 t s, | ]
K i t t| k | It
] | | I 1 i a
K i t t| M t1 i t
] | | I 1 i a
K i t t| | a} t
] | | I 1 i a
! I 1
I 1 1 1
1 1 \ 1
\ 1 ! 1
! 1 t 1
t 1 I 1
I 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
M t1 i a
I t 1
I 1 !
1 1
1 1 1
1 ! !
1 1 1
\ 1 !
\ I !
\ ! 1
1 t 1
I I1
I !1
I t!
I 1
1 11
1 11
1 \!
1 t1
1 1
1 1!
t 1
1
I 1 1
I I 1
I 1 1
I ! 1
I I 1
I 1
1 1 1
I 1 !

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
29
] a araj t ts t Ira a|Itrr aIi t a IatIi | |t j ara a|] a r t s si sItm a s 1 t
j t| a t1 as m t1 i ar as j rt 1 a tti t r ts.
| ri r ti j a|ts rtsa |Ia1 t s
Cerdos en crecimiento - ceba. | t s j ri r ti j a|ts rtsa |Ia1 t s tr tsIa
taIt]t ri a st tt j rtsar tr |a a| |a I .
a | | a I . | t m j t rIam i tr It 1 t ttr1 t s tr trtti m i tr It tt| a
a|i m tr Ia1 t s tt r 1 i Itrtr Its It rm a |as 1 t K | | | 1 V | M m i t|ts
tr ri | a tti 1 as.
| tr1 t s m at| t s tasIra 1 t s | tm | ra s tr Irt 1 1 ! | ] 1 t | V K | | | 1 V | M t ItrIa 1 t
st]a r a r r i tt| | a}t 1 t | | . **NUPROVIM ofertado segn un nivel medio de PB
| t r a r r i t t| | a }t t m t1 i t 1 t j rt Iti r a , st a |ta r t a r rtsa |Ia -
1 t s a ttj Ia | | ts tt m j a ra | | ts a | t s | a t | t ] ra r | a s 1 i tIa s tt r -
t t r t i t r a | t s | a sa 1 a s t r t t rt a | t s, 1 t | i 1 t a | a t | t s
tt r ttr Ira1 t s j rt Iti tt s 1 t| K | | | 1 V | M , st taratItri t ar j t r
a r m t } t r | a | a r t t , 1 i ] t s I i | i | i 1 a 1 1 i s j t r i | i | i 1 a 1 1 t
am i r t ati 1 t s tstr ti a|ts. | a ar 1 t t| r i t t| 1 t | | ts | a}t , |t s
ra s] t s 1 t tt m j t rIa m i tr It st Ia t t rtttr tt r |a i r t|a si t r 1 t
It rIa 1 t ] i rast | ra sIi ta . \ X 1 t tt IratIt tItrtt | t t|
Iri }t | 1 t st a i r It] ra| I I . I X 1 t tt Ira tIt tItrtt | . | t i 1 tr -
Itm tr It, | a i r tt rj t rati t r 1 t a r a Ia tr It 1 t atti It t t] tIa| tr
tsIt Ii j t 1 t rati t r Iat t rttt |a 1 tr si 1 a 1 tr tr] tIi ta 1 t |a m i s-
m a |t s ar i m a|ts |a a Ii |i t ar m as tIi ti tr Itm tr It. | r |a a| |a
st m a tsIra tt m t tsIt tIttIt st | a tt tt i 1 tr It Ia m | i tr tt r
a r r i t t| a | It 1 t tt r sa m t 1 t j rt Iti r a K | | | 1 V | M tt r 1 i It-
rtr Its r i t t|ts 1 t i r t|a si t r 1 t a tti It 1 t st a .


| a tr Its 1 t a |i m tr It s

| a r a r ti a 1 t
| tst , ] I1 i a
| t r t trsi t r ,
| ] M I| ]
] a r a r ti a
| t r t t rsi t r ,
| ] | | I| ]
] a r a r ti a
M i t| |
1 ari r a 1 t t a
! 1 1 \ , \ 1 , 1
M i t| |
1 ari r a 1 t t a
t rIa 1 t | i rast | | a sIi ta
t I \ , 1 1 1 , 1 t
M i t| Ii r a| . at a tar
| ri }t | 1 t t a
t \ I , 1 1 1 , I 1
M i t| Ii r a| . at a tar
| ri }t | 1 t t a
I t I , ! 1 1 , 1 1

30
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
a | | a . | tt m j t rIam i tr It 1 t ttr1 t s a|i m tr Ia1 t s tt r 1 i tIa s 1 t
K | | | 1 V | M M i t| | tt r 1 i Itrtr Its r i t t|ts 1 t atti It 1 t st a.
|a tr It. M t1 trt s tI a| I 1 1 .
Cerdos machos castrados YL) entre 20 y 100 kg PV. NUPROVIM* = Basado en harina de
soya
| r |a a| |a 1 , st m a tsIrar |t s
j ri r ti j a|ts ras] t s 1 t tt m j t rIa-
m i tr It 1 t ttr1 t s tr trtti m i tr It
- tt| a a|i m tr Ia1 t s tt r 1 i tIas 1 t
M i t| | K | | | 1 V | M | asa1 t tr | a-
ri r a 1 t st a tt r 1 i Itrtr Its r i t t|ts 1 t
i r t|a si t r 1 t| sa | j rt 1 a tIt ta | ar t 1 t| Iri ] t
m tt t|a 1 t aIrtt| i ||t sa|t a1 t 1 t Iri ] t | a t tt r -
Ii tr t 1 . \ 1 X 1 t Ii | ra tra 1 a | . | a i r t|a si t r 1 t a r a Ia tr It 1 t
Ii | ra 1 t ta|i 1 a1 attj Ia| |t, tr r i t t|ts 1 t | asIa t| I 1 . I X Iat t rttt
|t s ras] t s 1 t tt m j t rIam i tr It 1 t |t s ar i m a|ts tr tsIas taIt] t -
ri as. | t s r i t t|ts 1 t Ii | ra tra 1 a 1 t It 1 as |as rati t r ts tsIa 1 i a1 as
Ia trt r i r Itri t rts a| \ X , j t r |t | a t st tr ta tr Irar tr Irt |t s t a|t -
rts attj Ia1 t s j t r t| K | | 1 1 . | t s rtsa |Ia1 t s t | Itr i 1 t s tr
1 i Itrtr Its tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t j rt 1 a tti t r st rtsa m tr tr |a a| | a 1 ,
m i tr Iras | a t |a a | |a 1 m a tsIra |a tt a |a ati t r 1 t |a Ittr t |t ] i a.
a | | a 1 . | t m j t rIam i tr It 1 t ttr1 t s a|i m tr Ia1 t s tt r 1 i tIa s 1 t
K | | | 1 V | M tt r 1 i Itrtr Its r i t t|ts 1 t| sa | j rt 1 a tIt ta | ar t 1 t| Iri ] t
| M i t| | .

K | | | 1 V | M
M i t| |

K | | | 1 V | M M i t| |
, ! X k tti It 1 t t a
K | | | 1 V | M M i t| |
I , 1 X k tti It
1 t t a
| t r sa m t 1 t M , | ] I1 i a I , I 1 t

I , tI \

I , t ! 1

| t r sa m t 1 t | | , ] I1 i a 1 t 1

1 t 1

1 t 1

| t r sa m t 1 t | M , M ! a | I1 i a 1 1 , \ t 1 1 ,I 1 I \ , 1 I
| ar ar ti a 1 t j tst , ] I 1 i a I 1 t 1 I
| t r t trsit r , | ] M I| ] ] ar ar ti a 1 , t

1 , I

1 , I 1


| a tr It. M t1 trt s et al, I 1 1 I .
NUPROVIM* = Basado en Harina de Soya Machos castrados YL entre 20 y 100 kg PV

K | | | 1 V | M
M i t| |
K | | | 1 V | M
M i t| |
I , X |
K | | | 1 V | M
M i t| |
! , \ X |
K | | | 1 V | M
M i t| |
I 1 , I X |
X | | tr 1 i tIa | , 1 I , II I , 1I 1 , t1
| t r sa m t 1 t M , | ] I1i a I , ! I I , 11 ! I , I! t I , I 1
| t r sa m t 1 t | | , ]I 1 i a 1 t1 1 t1 1 t1 1 t1
| ar ar ti a 1 t j tst , ] I1 i a \ !1 11 1 1
| t r t trsi t r , | ] M I| ] ]ar ar ti a 1 , \ 1 1 , \ 1 , 1 , 1
| t r t trsi t r , | ] | | I| ] ]ar ar ti a 1 , \ 1 1 , \I 1 , \1 1 , \1

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
31
a | | a 1 . | t a|a ati t r 1 t |a Ittr t |t ] i a.
|a tr Its. | a rti a tI a | I 1 1 , | a rti a tI a | I 1 1 I M t1 trt s I 1 1 I .
*Basado en Levadura torula (Concentrado Proteico derivado de la Industria Azucare-
ra) ** Basado en Harina de soya y Polvo de arroz *** Basado en Harina de soya
****Basado en Harina de Soya y Subproducto Cubano de Trigo y Machos castrados y
hembras a partir de 20 kg hasta ms de 90 kg de Peso Vivo
| t s tsIa 1 i t s 1 t Ia tIi | i | i 1 a 1 Ittr i tt ttt r t m i ta i r 1 i ta r | a t | a
Ittr t |t ] i a tt r sIi Ia t a r a a|Itrr aIi t a st sItr i | |t j a ra |t s 1 i -
Itrtr Its si sItm as j rt 1 a tIi t t s tt i sItr Its. t a| araIa t| tt sIt
1 t It r t | a 1 a 1 t ta rr t 1 t tt r1 t tr Irt ; I 1 1 ; 1 1 1 | | st
] a ra r I i t a | a t
tt m t m i r i m t t |
! ! X 1 t | t s a | i -
m t r I t s s t a r 1 t
j rt 1 a tti t r r a ti t -
r a | .
| | a j t rIt 1 t tr tr-
] i a j t r a rt a 1 t
tsIt ta |Ii t t j a t1 t
rt j rt s t r I a r t |
! 1 X 1 t |a 1 i tIa 1 t
|t s ttr1 t s, j ri r ti j a | m tr It tr | t s j tri t 1 t s 1 t m a t r 1 tm a r -
1 a , tt m t t| trt ti m i tr It , | a tt| a t r t| rtsIt 1 t | a s ta It ] t -
ri a s a 1 a |Ia s.
| a a r 1 t st Ira Ia 1 t a r a m a sa rt|a Ii t am tr It j t| a t1 a 1 1 - ! 1
ta| tt as |t m t}t r stra tt Iratr|t t| ] a araj t sa m i r i sIra rst|t

V a ri ar Its Ittr t | t ] i tas
| ar ar ti
a ] I1 i a
| t r t trsi t r | ]
M I| ] ] ar a r ti a
i sItm as
j rt 1 a tIi t t s
K | | | 1 V | M -I
M i t| | i r a I| |aIar t | t ti r a1 t
t t I \ , \ \ | am j tsi r t
K | | | 1 V | M - 1
M i t| | i r a| I| t r i aIt | t ti r a1 t
I 1 1 , 1 \ | am j tsi r t

K | | | 1 V | M - 1
M i t| |
t I ! 1 , I \ | am j tsi r t
K | | | 1 V | M - 1
M i t| k
t 1 , t ! | am j tsi r t
K | | | 1 V | M -
M i t| | i r a| Ik ta tar 1 t | arrt1 a ra
I \

\ , 1 1 tm i i r Itr si tt
| i Iasi tt
K | | | 1 V | M -!
M i t| |
t \ 1 \ , I tm i i r Itr sit t
| r It]ra|
K | | | 1 V | M - 1
M i t| |
I ! 1 \ , 1 1 | r Itr si tt
| r It]ra|

32
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
a |t s ar i m a|ts, asi r t Ii tr tr | a t rta|i t ar t| tsIa trt t 1 t |a
m asIi tati t r rtti | tr a r a|i m tr It m as i r It] rt tt r a r aj t r-
It tr tr] tIi tt | a t j a t1 t ta | ri r It 1 as sa s r tttsi 1 a 1 ts a| |a
, I 1 .
a| |a . k |i m tr Iati t r tt r ] a araj t
K t Ia. t m a1 t 1 t k |i m tr Iati t r j ara | t s ttr1 t s . M a t 1 1 I | K | | 1 | .
a| |a I . | ar Ii 1 a1 1 t ta1 a 1 i ari a j ara a r |t It 1 t 1 rtj rt 1 a tIt ras tr
tt j |t Iati t r
| ati t r 1 t ] a a raj t Ia r i m a| k j t rIt 1 t M aItri a tta
| aIt] t ri as | ] | | | ] | |
| rtti m i tr It tt| a 1 , 1 I I I , ! ! , \
| tr1 as |atIar Its , 1 1 1 \ , ! 1 ,
| tr1 as r t j ari 1 as t , 1 1 , ! 1 , 1
V trratt s t , 1 1 , ! 1 , 1

t tt r si 1 trt a r \ I X 1 t tt Ira tti t r 1 t ]a araj t a |a ta1 a, a| t a| t ra r | a t st a Ii |i ttr
]a ara j tras j t| a t1 as ra sIi tas. | | rtsi 1 a t st j a t1 t tm j |tar tr | a a |i m tr Iati t r 1 t
|t s ra m i ar Its.
|a tr It. k |i m tr Iati t r j a ra |t s ttr1 t s M at 1 1 I | K | | 1 |
a| |a 1 . | ar Ii 1 a1 1 t ta1 a a tt rIar j rtj ararI1 i a j ara a r |t It 1 t ! 1
ar i m a|ts tr trtti m i tr It tt| a
| a ara j t | a1 a
| aIt] t ri as K
t
1 t a r i m a |ts | ] | | I
| rttim i tr It tt| a ! ! 1 , , 1 1 ! , t !
| tr1 as |atIar Its I 1 t 1 , 1 , 1 t , 1 t
| tr1 as r t j ari 1 as \ , 1 1 , 1 , I 1
V trratt s I I 1 , 1 1 , 1 1 I , t

|a tr It. trt i ti t s ttr i tt s trri It ri a|ts | t rti r t s. | |t]a| |t 1 t| | | | | 1 | .
| a ar 1 t r t tt i sIar j t si | i |i 1 a1 ts j ara |a tt Ira tti t r 1 t| ] a araj t ,
|a ta1 a st j t|ara j i tara tr Irt t t s j t| a t1 t s tr It rm a 1 t ta 1 a
! tm j ara rt1 a ti r t| tsIa trt t m asIi taIt ri t 1 t| ar i m a|.
| a1 a |i m j i a

| a araj t
ta | t s 1 t | i Irt s
| r i ti t 1 t |a tIaj a j ri m trt s \ I 1 i as ! t I
M i Ia1 1 t| j tri t 1 t si ] a i tr Its ! ! 1 i as \ \
| i r a| a |Ii m t s ! 1 i as 11 t \

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
33

t r] t
| | st r]t t r]| a m | i tt |t r t m i ||t ts a r tt tt-
|tr It rtta rst j ara |a a|i m tr Iati t r ar i m a|. | a
Ii r a|i 1 a1 1 t| ta |Ii t t j ara j rt 1 a ti r ]rar t s It -
rra}t, m t Ii t t |a | a s| a t1 a 1 t si sItm as 1 t si tm -
| ra j ara |a m a t r j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t It rra}t. | s
tt r t tr i tr It aj rt t tt| ar |t s rtsIt s 1 t tt st-
t| a i r m t1 i aIam tr It 1 tsj a ts 1 t |a rttt |tt-
ti t r 1 t| ]rar t j ara t | Itr tr sa m a t r t a|t r
r a Iri Ii t t Iat t rtttr a r | a tr rt| rt It, a| ts-
Ii m a |ar |as tm as | asa|ts 1 t| Ia||t tr tt r 1 i -
ti t r ts t|i m aIi tas 1 t | a m t1 a1 1 t| sa t|t
Iat t ra| |t, tt r t| j rt j t si It 1 t |t ] rar a r a
r a tt a tt i It sa tt stt| a.
| | ta |Ii t t , ||am a1 t j t r m a t| t s t| tam t||t
1 t | a I|t ra , st 1 tsIata j t r sa It | trar ti a a |a
1 tIi ti tr ti a 1 t a] a a. | | 1 tIi ti I | i 1 ri tt tt r sIi Ia -
t a r a |i m i Iar It 1 t |a j rt 1 a tti t r a ] ri tt |a, ts-
j tti a|m tr It tr |as t t r as stm i ari 1 as, r t t | sIar It,
|t s m a t rts rtr 1 i m i tr It s 1 t| ta |Ii t t st ast ti ar a
a r a m t}t r 1 i sIri | a ti t r 1 t |a j rtti j i Iati t r 1 a rar It
|a tsIati t r 1 t ] trm i r ati t r - trtti m i tr It a| m ar t}t a] rt r t m i -
tt a1 tta a1 t . | t s j ri r ti j a|ts si sItm as 1 t ta |Ii t t s m a |Ii j |ts tt r
st r] t tr k m tri ta | aIi r a st r .
M ai t st r]t tr ast ti ati t r si m a |Iar ta i sItm a i m a |Ia-
r tt .
M ai t st r]t tr t| m i sm t ]t |j t i sItm a | asa1 t .
M ai t st r] t a| aj t r| a t i sItm a k j t r| a t .
M ai t Iri }t | tr ast ti ati t r si m a |Iar ta st r] t tr rt|tt t
i sItm a | t|tt t .
a V-1 1 , t r]t tr ar t j ara ] rar t tt m t a|Itrr aIi ta tr |a a]ri -
ta |Ia ra Iam i |i ar
| sIa t ari t1 a1 ts 1 t| Ii j t Iri j |t tr ar t , 1 t j t rIt trttIt st |t a|-
tar t a I 1 - 1 1 tm 1 t a|Ia ra. | | ]rar t j t stt j tri tarj i t m t Ita1 t
ts t t t i 1 t. | t s rtr 1 i m i tr It s j t Itr ti a |ts st r 1 t 1 -1 . II | a 1 t
34
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
] rar t , ta a tt m j t si ti t r | a i m i ta aj rt t i m a1 a ts 1 t . I I X 1 t
] rasa 1 . 1 X 1 t j rt Iti r a, tr Irt t Irt s. | a j |ar Ia j rtstr Ia a r
| a tr tt m j t rIam i tr It tr tam j t Irtr It a |as j ri r ti j a|ts j | a] as
tr Itrm t1 a 1 ts.
| s taj at 1 t rtsj t r 1 tr tt r | trm t st s rt| rt Its ta ar 1 t st tt st-
t| a t| ]rar t tr t| m t m tr It t j t rIa r t , st]a i 1 am tr It, st j i ta t|
Ia||t 1 t |a j |ar Ia a 1 tm 1 t a|Ia ra st aj rt t tt| a tt m t a|i m tr -
It j ara t| ]ar a1 t m tr t r t m a t r, aj t rIar 1 t aj rt t i m a1 am tr -
It 1 \ . 1 ! X 1 t m a Itri a stta , \ . t X 1 t ttr i t a s, . t X 1 t
r i Irt ]tr t I . I ! X 1 t j rt Iti r a j t r j |ar Ia. | t tsIa m ar tra st
j a t1 tr rta|i t ar I t 1 tt stt| as a j arIi r 1 t a r a m i sm a si tm | ra.
k ] rt Ittr i a
| | j tri t 1 t 1 t si tm | ra t j Ii m t ts a| ri |-m a t t| tt r sa m t 1 t
stm i ||a ts 1 t 1 - I | ] I | a. | a stm i ||a st si tm | ra a I1 tm 1 t
1 i sIar ti a tr Irt sa rtt s st ri t] a tr t| It r 1 t 1 t| sa rtt a t| t rri ||t
st Iaj a tt r I t 1 tm 1 t Ii trra . k a r | a t t| st r] t ts a r ta | Ii t t
It |trar It a |a st| a i a, si Ia tst r tttsari t , st 1 t| t aj |i tar a r ri t]t
j ara ] arar Ii t ar a r a | a tr a ] trm i r ati t r .
| as j |ar Ias i r 1 tsta| |ts t m a|as | i tr| a s st t|i m i r ar tt r a r
aj t r| a t t |i m j i a tt r ]a aIata, j ri r ti j a|m tr It tr |t s j ri m trt s
I 1 -I ! 1 i as, a | a t taa sar tt r si 1 tra| |ts aIttIa ti t r ts a |a 1 tr si -
1 a1 1 t j t | |a ti t r 1 t| arta stm | ra1 a . | t s j a }art s t tasi t r ar |t s
j ri r ti j a|ts 1 a1 t s a | ta |Ii t t tr |a tIaj a tt m j rtr 1 i 1 a 1 ts1 t |a
It rm ati t r 1 t |t s ] rar t s | asIa |a m a1 a rtt , Ia r 1 am tr Ia|m tr It
tr si tm | ras 1 t j t ta tt Itr si t r , 1 t r 1 t ||t] ar a tt r sa m i r m as
1 t| ! 1 X 1 t | a tt stt| a. | ara rt1 a ti r |as j tr1 i 1 as st j a t1 tr It -
m ar |as si ] a i tr Its m t1 i 1 as.
tm | rar tr artas 1 t r 1 t Irtta tr Itm tr It r t st | a a ta |Ii t a-
1 t |a tsj tti t.
raIar 1 t stm | rar tr artas ]rar 1 ts 1 t str j t si | |t, a|t}a1 as
1 t a r| t |t1 as, j t sIts, a|am | ra1 t t|ttIri tt t Irt s |a ] arts a Ii -
|i t a1 t s j ara t| 1 tstar st rtj rt 1 a tti t r 1 t |t s j a}art s ] t -
rri t r ts It Ii ts, j ri r ti j a|m tr It .
| rt It] tr |as artas 1 t ta |Ii t t s tt r Itr 1 a|ts 1 t It| a a Ii |i t a1 as
tr t| ta |Ii t t 1 t Ia | att a t Irt m aItri a| si m i |ar a j arIi r 1 t|
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
35
i r i ti t 1 t |a tIaj a 1 t It rm ati t r 1 t |t s ] rar t s | asIa sa m a-
1 a rtt . | ||t |i m i Ia | a |i | trIa1 1 t t a t|t 1 t |as at ts 1 tr Irt 1 t|
ta |Ii t t artas j t| a t1 as j ara stm i ||a a t Iras .
| t |] ar tr t| arta 1 t si tm | ra a|] a r Ii j t 1 t tsj ar Iaj a}art s
Irt t t s 1 t It|a, |aIas, m a 1 ttt s, tIt. a j arIi r 1 t |a tIaj a m tr -
ti t r a1 a ar Itri t rm tr It.
| a 1 tIi r i ti t r 1 t| m t m tr It 1 t |a tt stt| a a |t s 1 1 1 i as 1 t stm -
| ra1 t aj rt t i m a1 am tr It Ia r It j ara ] rar t , tt m t j ara stm i ||a
st 1 t| t | attr a j arIi r 1 t m a tsIrtt s rtj rtstr IaIi t t s, tsj trar 1 t
tr t| j ri m tr tast , | a t Itr ] am t s a r m at i m t 1 t j a r i ta |as | t-
t| as 1 t ata tr1 t tt r |a t ari t1 a1 tr t| st]a r 1 t tast , | a t st
a|tar tt t| j t rttr Ia}t 1 t | a m t1 a1 rttt m tr 1 a1 t .
| as j ar i ta | as |i sIas j ara |a tt stt| a st j a t1 tr rttt r t ttr, ta ar -
1 t t| ] rar t aj tr as st j a t1 a m artar tt r |a a 1 a 1 t| 1 t1 t j a | ] ar,
st | a i t| rt Iati |m tr It a| m t r1 tr|t s t ta ar 1 t st |i | trar 1 t tsIa a|
Irt Iar |as j ar i ta |as t i ]t rt sam tr It tr Irt |as j a|m as 1 t |as m a-
r t s. | as atIi t i 1 a1 ts 1 t| tt rIt, Iri ||a sa t tr Ita1 t , st j a t1 tr
rta|i tar m ar a a|m tr It. | t ata tr1 t a |t s m t1 i t s | a t st 1 i sj t r -
] ar , ts j t si | |t tt m | i r ar t| tt rIt 1 t |a j ar i ta |a 1 t It rm a m a-
r a a| tt r |a Iri ||a t| t tr Ita1 t m ttar i ta1 t . | | ]rar t tt |ttIa1 t ,
st tsj artt tr arta |i m j i a a| st | j ara | a t j i tr1 a |a | a m t1 a1 . a
a|m attr am i tr It st |t ts j t si | |t, ta ar 1 t |a | a m t1 a1 r t sa j trt
t| I X |a m asa tsIt It Ia|m tr It |i | rt 1 t m aItri a i r trIt.
ISIAP DORADO, ( t r] | a m | i tt |t r L. Moench) una
alternativa en la seguridad alimentaria familiar
| s t| | a i r It ttrta| m as i m j t rIar It tr t| m a r 1 t . k j rt t i m a1 a-
m tr It t| 1 1 X 1 t |a sa j trIi ti t 1 t1 i ta1 a a sa ta |Ii t t st tr ta tr -
Ira tr j ai sts tr 1 tsarrt ||t , j ri r ti j a|m tr It tr k Iri ta, k si a
| tr Irt am tri ta. t ta |Ii t a tr t t r as a] rt ttt |t ] i tas taratItri t a-
1 as j t r |a tstastt 1 t j rtti j i Iati t r ts j t r | a st| a i a | a t tr sa
m a t r j arIt, st r t t r as i r a1 tta a1 as j ara |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t t Irt s
ttrta|ts. k |rt1 t1 t r 1 t| I ! X 1 t| ta |Ii t t j ara ]rar t si rt t tt m t
a|i m tr It | a m ar t .
| | si sIt m a 1 t j rt 1 a tti t r i r It r si t t , t | } t It 1 t tt m trti a | i -
t a ti t r , 1 tsIi r a 1 t a | a a | i m tr Ia ti t r 1 t| ] a r a 1 t , a Ii | i t a a | a r -
36
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
1 a r Its stm i | | a s | i | ri 1 as, ItrIi | i t a r Its Ittr t |t ] i as m t} t ra1 a s
1 t a j rt t tt| a m i tr It 1 t| a ] a a | t s rtr 1 i m i tr It s t sti | a r tr -
Irt |as 1 -! II | a. | rt1 t m i r a tr t| m a r 1 t 1 tsarrt ||a1 t tr
a|] a r as t t r as 1 t k m tri ta | aIi r a t| | ari | t. 1 Irt s si sItm as
m tr t s i r Itr si t t s, 1 tsIi r ar sa j rt 1 a tti t r a |a a| i m tr Iati t r
| a m a r a , i r Irt 1 a ttr t a ri t1 a 1 t s m t} t ra 1 a s, j a rIi ta | a rm tr It
tr k si a, t| a st 1 t ItrIi |i t ar Its ts tstast |a aj | i tati t r 1 t
Ittr t |t ] i a s m t}t ra1 as ts |i m i Ia1 a, j t r t||t , t| rtr 1 i m i tr It
m t1 i t t sti |a tr Irt 1 . ! -! II | a.
| aratItri sIi tas 1 t |a t ari t1 a1
| a a |Ia ra 1 t j |ar Ia ts 1 t \ t tm , |a I|t rati t r t ta rrt tr Irt |t s
I1 -I ! 1 i as 1 tsj a ts 1 t |a si tm | ra a|tar t a a r rtr 1 i m i tr It j t -
Itr ti a| 1 t 1 -1 . I II| a. | | ] rar t j t stt I . I X 1 t M . . , . 1 I X 1 t
] rasa, I . 1 1 X 1 t ttr i t a, . I 1 X 1 t j rt Iti r a, 1 . \ X 1 t | a
1 . \ X 1 t |.
| t s tri Itri t s | a t 1 tItrm i r a r | a t t| ] ra r t 1 t tsIa t a ri t1 a 1 st
j a t1 t st m tItr a a r j rt ttst 1 t j tr| a 1 t a | a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t
| a ri r a st r . tt | t ra ti t r r t i r It r sa 1 t| j tri ta rj i t trtm a a m a -
ri | | t r It , 1 . 1 I 1 X 1 t Ia r i r t , Ia m a 1 t j rt m t1 i t | t r ] i Ia 1 ,
\ . + 1 . 1 1 m m , t s j t s t r, I . 1 + 1 . 1 I m m a r t | t ,
1 . 1 1 + 1 . 1 1 m m , j tst 1 t 1 1 1 ] rar t s I t . + 1 . 1 \ ] , 1 a rt-
t a 1 . 1 + 1 . I 1 | ] tr 1 t sj trm t tt r I ! X 1 t ttrt si 1 a 1
I ! X | a ri r t st , | tsj t r 1 t Iat t ra | |tm tr It a 1 i si m i |ts tt r 1 i -
ti t r ts a1 t trsas 1 t t|i m a sa t|t 1 tm a tIra str a r a Ia tr It
r a ti t r a | 1 t a | i m tr It r t st | t j a ra | t s a r i m a | ts si r t Ia m | i tr
j a ra t| tt r sa m t | a m a r t .
k sj ttIt s a tt r si 1 trar
| | j tri t 1 t 1 t si tm | ra t j Ii m t ts a| ri | - m a t t| tt r sa m t 1 t
stm i ||a ts 1 t 1 | ] I| a. | a stm i ||a st si tm | ra a I1 tm 1 t 1 i sIar -
ti a tr Irt sa rtt s, st ri t] a tr t| It r 1 t 1 t| sa rtt a t| t rri ||t st
Iaj a tt r I t 1 tm 1 t Ii trra. i ts r tttsari t , st aj |i tara a r ri t]t
j ara ] arar Ii t ar |a ] trm i r ati t r . | a s j |ar Ia s i r 1 tsta| |ts t m a-
|as | i tr| as st t|i m i r arar tt r a r aj t r| a t t |i m j i a tt r ] a aIata
tr | t s j ri m trt s I 1 -I ! 1 i as.
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
37
| t s j ri r ti j a|ts 1 a 1 t s a| ta |Ii t t |t s t ta si t r ar |t s j a} art s, j ri r -
ti j a|m tr It 1 ts1 t |a It rm ati t r 1 t |t s ]rar t s | asIa sa m a1 a rtt.
| ara rt1 a ti r |t s 1 a1 t s st j a t1 tr It m ar |as si ] a i tr Its m t1 i 1 as.
tm | rar tr artas 1 t r 1 t Irtta tr Itm tr It r t st | a a stm | ra-
1 t st r] t .
raIar 1 t stm | rar artas ]rar 1 ts, 1 t str j t si | |t, a|t}a1 as 1 t
ar| t |t1 as, j t sIts a|am | ra1 t t|ttIri tt j ara tt i Ia |a j rtstr -
ti a 1 t j a}art s, j ri r ti j a|m tr It |t s ]t rri t r ts.
| rt It] tr tt r Itr 1 a| ts 1 t It|a 1 t Ia| att a t Irt m a Itri a| 1 ts1 t
|a It rm ati t r 1 t |t s ] rar t s | asIa sa m a1 a rtt t tt |] ar tr t|
arta 1 t si tm | ra a|] a r Ii j t 1 t tsj ar Iaj a}art s.
| a 1 tIi r i ti t r 1 t | a tt stt| a , a j rt t i m a 1 a m tr It a | t s 1 1 1 i a s
1 t stm | ra 1 t , st | ara j t r m a tsIrtt s rtj rtstr Ia Ii t t s, tsj tra r -
1 t a r m a t i m t 1 t j a r i ta | a s tt r t| j t rttr Ia } t 1 t | a m t1 a 1
rttt m tr 1 a 1 t . | | a |m a ttr a m i tr It 1 t| ] ra r t ts j t si | |t ta a r -
1 t | a | a m t1 a 1 r t sa j trt t| I X | a m a sa tsIt It Ia | m tr It
|i | rt 1 t m a Itri a i r trIt.
Girasol, Helianthus
annuus L. . a
ta |Ii t t j ara ]rar t s
El girasol, una alternati-
va sostenible en la segu-
ridad alimentaria 1 t | a
Iam i |i a ra ra|
| | ] i rast | t ta j a t| st]a r 1 t |a ]ar tr t| m a r 1 t tr |a a Ii |i tati t r
j ara |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t atti It t t] tIa|, st |am tr It sa j tra1 t j t r |a
st a tsIa tr Irt |t s 1 ta |Ii t t s 1 t m a t r rt|tt ar ti a tr |a ttt -
r t m i a a]ri tt |a m a r 1 i a|. | | i r trtm tr It 1 t |a j rt 1 a tti t r m a r -
1 i a| 1 t ] i rast | st Ia r 1 am tr Ia tr Irt t Iras tara tItri sIi tas tr . |a
a|Ia taj ati 1 a1 1 t rtr 1 i m i tr It j t r a r i 1 a1 1 t arta Ii tm j t , a|Ia
ta|i 1 a1 1 t| atti It Iati | tt Iratti t r 1 t| m i sm t , t| ]i rast | | a
m t sIra1 t str t| ta |Ii t t t |ta] i r t st m as rtsi sItr It a |a st| a i a,
m a It |trar It a |a sa|i r i 1 a 1 , j |a] a s tr Itrm t1 a1 ts, sa tm j |tt
tt m t j rt 1 a tIt r 1 t tr tr]i a, t sta tt m t Ia tr It 1 t tr tr]i a j ara
38
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
t| 1 tsarrt | |t 1 t |a a] ri ta |Ia ra Ia Ia ra, ts a r a j |ar Ia m t|i Itra j t r
|t | a t tt r Iri | a t a |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t m i t| 1 t a| t}as ts a r t 1 t
|t s t|tm tr It s | asi tt s tr |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t tt r ttr Ira1 t s j ara |a
a|i m tr Iati t r ar i m a|.
1 a si 1 t 1 tm t sIra1 t | a t t| ] i rast | ts a r ta |Ii t t | a t a Ii |i ta1 t tt r -
t tr i tr Itm tr It, tr rt Iati t r t ast ti ati t r ts, j rt j t rti t r a rtr 1 i -
m i tr Its attj Ia| |ts rtr Ia| i |i 1 a1 1 t| si sItm a, a1 tm as 1 t ttr Iri | a i r
a| t| a i |i | ri t | i t |t ]i tt . | | m t t i m i tr It 1 t |a a]ri ta |Ia ra a r| ar a
| a j rt j i ti a1 t tt Itr 1 tr t| ta |Ii t t a st 1 t| ]i rast | tt m t a r a a|-
Itrr aIi t a j ara a|tar tar st sItr i | i |i 1 a1 a|i m tr Iari a tr |a j rt 1 a t-
ti t r ar i m a|, Ia r 1 am tr Ia|m tr It 1 t |as tsj tti ts m tr t rts.
| st s 1 t| ] rar t , ta| tt a t|a, Ia||t s | t }as
| r Irt |t s a st s m as a r i t trsa|ts 1 t| ]rar t 1 t ]i rast | Ii ]a rar |a
tt Iratti t r 1 t atti It j ara tt r sa m t | a m ar t |a Ia | ri tati t r 1 t
tt m | a sIi | |ts. | | rtsi 1 a t t It rIa rtsa |Iar It 1 t| j rt ttst 1 t tt -
Iratti t r st a sa tr |a Ia| ri tati t r 1 t j i tr st s j ara ar i m a|ts, Iam -
| i tr t| ] ra r t tr Itrt st a Ii |i t a j ara |a a|i m tr Iati t r 1 t It 1 t Ii j t
1 t ] ar a1 t , a t ts 1 t tt rra| 1 t m tsIi tas.
| a ta| tt a t|a si r 1 ts] rar ar st | a tm j |ta1 t tt r tt i It tr |a a|i -
m tr Iati t r 1 t ] ar a1 t t t i r t j t rti r t . | a 1 ts] rar a1 a st a Ii |i t a
tr | a a|i m tr Iati t r 1 t t t i r t s | t t i r t s.
| t s Ia||t s | t }as i r ti r tra1 t s j rt 1 a ttr a r ItrIi |i t a r It ri tt tr
j t Ia si t . | r a | a 1 t ] i rast | aj t rIa aj rt t i m a 1 am tr It tr Irt t 1
I1 | ] 1 t ttr i t as | a t tt r Ii tr tr a| rt1 t1 t r 1 t| 1 1 X 1 t j t Ia si t ,
|t | a t t| a i t a|t a a r aj t rIt 1 t \ -! | ] I| a.
Va|t r r a Iri ti t r a|
| r | a | a, t| ]rar t tr Itrt 1 t |as t ari t1 a1 ts tr a st , j a t1 t tt r It-
r tr tr Irt I 1 I I X 1 t j rt Iti r a | ra Ia tr Irt 1 1 \ 1 X 1 t ]ra-
sas, It 1 t tt j rtsa1 t tr | ast stta. | r Irt |t s atti Its t t] tIa|ts t|
1 t ] i rast | st 1 tsIata j t r sa s tt tt|tr Its taratItri sIi tas Ii si tt -
| a i m i tas r a Iri ti t r a|ts, j t stt tt m t j rt m t1 i t a r a a|Ia rt|a-
ti t r 1 t ati 1 t s ]rast s j t |i r saIa ra1 t sIsaIa ra1 t s t ! , 1 X I , t X ,
t| Itr t r 1 t j t |i r saIa ra1 t s tsIa tt r sIi Ia i 1 t tr sa tasi It Ia| i 1 a1
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
39
j t r t| ati 1 t |i r t |ti tt t ! X tasi r t tt r Ii tr t t| |i r t |tr i tt . | sIt
ts tstr ti a| j ara t| 1 tstm j t1 t 1 t |as Ia r ti t r ts Ii si t |t ] i tas 1 t|
t r] a r i sm t | a m ar t . | t r |a j rtt tr ti t r 1 t 1 i Itrtr Its tr Itrm t-
1 a1 ts tar1 i t t asta | arts t| tt r Irt | 1 t| r i t t| 1 t tt |tsItrt | tr |a
sar ] rt t| ] i rast | st tt r t i trIt tr a r si m | t |t 1 t t i 1 a sar a.
| r |a t|a| t rati t r 1 t a r a It r t|a1 a 1 t stm i ||as 1 t ]i rast | j ara
tt Iratr atti It st t | Ii tr tr aj rt t i m a1 am tr It 1 1 1 | ] 1 t It rIa
rtsi 1 a t s tt r a r \ ! X 1 t j rt Iti r a | ra Ia, |t | a t t| a i t a|t a 1 !
| ] 1 t j rt Iti r a j t r It r t|a 1 a 1 t ] rar t . | a tr tr] i a It Ia | 1 t| ] rar t
1 t ] i rast | ts 1 t \ I 1 | ta |I| ] | a m tIa | t |i t a | | t t| a i t a |t
1 1I | ta | I| ] .
| a | ari r a 1 t| ] i ra st | Ii tr t a r a 1 i ] tsIi | i |i 1 a1 1 t| 1 1 X r t j rt-
str Ia IatIt rts ar Ii | i t |t ] i tt s tt m t |t s i r | i | i 1 t rts 1 t |a Iri j si r a
|t s tt m j t r tr Its si m i |arts a| ] t si j t |.
| as tastaras | a t | a t1 ar 1 tsj a ts 1 t |a tt Iratti t r 1 t| atti It st
j a t1 tr m t |tr a Ii |i t ar tt m t i r ] rt1 i tr It tr | as rati t r ts 1 t |t s
ra m i ar Its, a Ii |i tar 1 t st Iam | i tr tr |a Ia| ri tati t r 1 t |tt a1 a ra
It rra}tra. | as ta| tta t|as 1 ts]rar a1 as 1 t| ]i rast | Ii tr tr a r t a-
|t r r a Iri Ii t t stm t}ar It a a r | tr t 1 t ta|i 1 a1 m t1 i a.
i tm | ra, m ar t}t , tt stt| a | tr tIi ti t 1 t| ] i rast |
i j t 1 t sa t | t . | t| t stm | rarst tr sa t|t s ||ar t s, j rt Ia r 1 t s,
tt r | a tr 1 rtr a}t sa j trIi ti a| t i r Itrr t j 1 1 t t , ! . | r | a | a
am | i tr st | a stm | ra1 t tr sa t|t s j tsa1 t s, |i ]trt s a|t m a1 t s
tt r rtsa | Ia 1 t s a tt j Ia | | ts. K t It | t ra | t s m a a ti 1 t s r i
tr t| arta1 t s. | a j rtj arati t r 1 t| sa t|t | a | a t rta|i t ar| a tr
tt rrtsj t r 1 tr ti a tt r |t s ta |Ii t t s j rttt1 tr Its, |t tstr ti a| ts j rt -
j t rti t r ar a |a stm i ||a a r | tt| t aj rt j i a1 t j ara |a ] trm i r a ti t r
tsIa| |tti m i tr It j t sItri t r 1 t |a j |ar Ia tt m t j a ra ta a|| a i tr
t Irt ta |Ii t t j rt 1 a tIt r 1 t ] rar t .
Vari t1 a1 ts.
| a | a rt ! . | s |a It rm a ta | ar a 1 t |a t ari t1 a1 k r]tr Ii r a | a| a rt,
si tr 1 t 1 t j t rIt m t1 i t , t - , m , stm i -Iar1 i a 1 1 - ! 1 i as , t|
1 i am tIrt 1 t |a ta| tt a t|a ts 1 t \ - t tm m t1 i t | a tr t j ara |a
40
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
tt stt| a m ttar i ta1 a. | | j tst 1 t 1 1 stm i ||as ts 1 t \ -t ], t| tt |t r
1 t t||as ts r t] rt j t sttr a r tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t ] rasa 1 t| 1 t X . | rt-
str Ia | a tr a a1 aj Ia| i |i 1 a1 tsIa| i |i 1 a1 Itr t Ii j i ta tr tt r 1 i ti t -
r ts am | i tr Ia|ts 1 i t trsas It |trar ti a a| aIa| a t 1 t | t r ]t s 1 t |t s
] tr trt s 1 i 1 i a m k |Itrr ari a.
| a | a st | 1 . Vari t1 a1 1 tsarrt ||a1 a tr | a | a j t r t| | K | |k , ts 1 t
j t rIt | a}t , I - , \ m , Itm j rar a 1 - 1 1 1 i as , t| 1 i am tIrt 1 t |a
ta| tta t|a ts 1 t I - \ tm m t1 i ar as a j t| a t1 as , |t | a t m as
Iat t ra| |t a |a tt stt| a m ttar i ta1 a. | | j tst 1 t 1 1 stm i ||as ts 1 t
! ] , t| tt |t r 1 t t| |as ts r t] rt j t sttr a r tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t ] rasa 1 t|
1 X , | trm i It 1 tr si 1 a1 ts 1 t si tm | ra m as a| Ias. | rtstr Ia | a tr a
a1 aj Ia| i |i 1 a1 tsIa| i |i 1 a1 Itr t Ii j i ta a tt r 1 i ti t r ts am | i tr Ia-
|ts 1 i t trsas It |trar ti a a| aIa| a t 1 t | t r ] t s 1 t |t s ] tr trt s
1 i 1 i a m k |Itrr ari a
V i a | i | i 1 a 1 1 t | a stm i | | a . k r Its 1 t stm | rar |a stm i ||a 1 t ] i ra-
st |, st rta|i t a, tr | ast a a r a m a tsIra a|taIt ri a 1 t \ 1 1 stm i ||as,
a r a j ra t| a 1 t ]trm i r ati t r , tt r t| Ii r 1 t a}a sIar 1 t m ar tra
tt r t tr i tr It |a 1 tr si 1 a1 1 t si tm | ra. | t m t sa sIraIt st rttt m i tr -
1 a j aj t| t a|] t 1 t r | a m t1 tti 1 t a | 1 1 X , a Itm j traIa ra am -
| i tr It, Iam | i tr j a t1 t tIttIa arst tr Ii trra t artr a . | a stm i ||a
1 t ta|i 1 a1 ]trm i r a tr Irt ! I 1 i as t| j t rttr Ia}t 1 t ]trm i r ati t r
r t 1 t| t str m tr t r 1 t| 1 X .
i tm | ra . | t m t r t rm a ]tr tra| st 1 tj t si Iar stm i ||as j t r m t-
Irt 1 t sa rtt a a r a j rt Ia r 1 i 1 a1 tr Irt I 1 tm . | a 1 i sIar ti a
tr Irt sa rtt s t sti | a tr Irt I1 1 1 tm tr Irt j |ar Ias tr Irt I 1
I ! tm . | a si tm | ra j a t1 t str m ar a a| t m ttar i t a1 a j ara tsIa
a |Ii m a j a t1 tr a Ii |i tarst |as stm | ra1 t ras si m i |arts a |a at t r i a
t |a r ta m aIi ta | | -K - , att j |a1 a a a r Ira tIt r ! a m t 1 t t ! 1 |,
Ira| a}ar 1 t tr j ri m tra rt1 a ti 1 a. | a stm | ra1 t ra j a t1 t Ira| a}ar
tt r t| 1 i stt j ara Iri }t |ts a t Irt | a t st tt r Ittti t r t j ara tsIt s
Ii r ts. | a r t rm a aj rt t i m a1 a 1 t stm i ||as ts 1 t ! | ]I| a, |a | a t
t ari a 1 t ata tr1 t a | j t rttr Ia}t 1 t ] trm i r ati t r 1 t |a stm i ||a . | |
j tri t 1 t t j Ii m t j ara stm | ra r tt r 1 tsIi r t a ] rar t s ts t| tt m -
j rtr 1 i 1 t 1 ts1 t k ] t sIt | asIa | i ti tm | rt, | t | a t j trm i It tt st-
t| as tr m tsts 1 t j t ta ||a t i a. | r tast r tttsari t j a t1 t stm | rarst
Iam | i tr tr t Irt s m tsts j trt Itr i tr 1 t tr ta tr Ia t| ri ts]t j t r
|as ||a t i as tr t| j tri t 1 t 1 t tt stt| a.
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
41
| t rIi | i t a t i t r . | t r si 1 tra r 1 t | a t j a ra a r | a tr rtr 1 i m i tr It
1 t ] ra r t t| ] i ra st | r tttsi Ia j t r | ttIa rta t 1 | ] 1 t K i Irt ] tr t ,
1 1 t | t sIt rt 1 1 t | t Ia si t , | a | a t Itr tr tr ta tr Ia |a
aj |i tati t r 1 t m aItri a t r] ar i ta a t Iras Ia tr Its j ara sa m i r i s-
Irar a| ta | Ii t t |t s r a Iri tr Its | a t r tttsi Ia.
| i t ] t . | | ] i rast | ts a r ta | Ii t t rtsi sItr It a |a st| a i a r t t | s-
Ia r It, j a ra | a ] trm i r a ti t r | a | a t ] a ra r Ii t a r a r a | a m t-
1 a 1 a 1 t ta a 1 a j t r | t | a t si r t 1 i sj t r tm t s 1 t ri t] t | a | a t
Itr tr tr ta tr Ia | a tj t ta 1 t si tm | ra . | tsj a ts tr 1 tj tr 1 tr -
ti a 1 t | a s | | a t i a s, st rt] a ra ta 1 a - 1 1 i a s | a sIa | a Ia st 1 t
m a 1 a rtt Ii si t | t ] i ta , | t | a t t ta rrt a j rt t i m a 1 a m t r It tr Irt
| t s I 1 - I ! 1 i a s 1 t sj a t s 1 t | a I| t ra ti t r tr t sIa Ia st t | ] ra r t
i r i ti a t| stta 1 t | a ta | tt a t | a j | a r Ia t r ] t r t ra | tt m i tr -
t a r t | ta m | i t 1 t| tt | t r t tr1 t | a ti a a r It r t a m a ri | | t r It | a t
i r 1 i ta | a ta si It rm i r a ti t r 1 t | ti t| t | i t | t ] i tt . | a r t rm a
a j rt t i m a 1 a 1 t ri t ] t t s 1 t 1 1 1 m 1 I| a j t r ri t] t | a sIa | a t
| a a | Ia ra 1 t j | a r Ia | t j trm i Ia j a t 1 t rt] a rst j t r a sj t rsi t r
1 tsj a ts j t r i r Ii | Ira ti t r . | t s j t ri t 1 t s tri Ii tt s tr | t s ta a | t s
r t 1 t | t Ia | Ia r t| a ] a a st r . ] t rm i r a ti t r , I| t ra ti t r | | tr a 1 t
1 t| ] ra r t .
k | t } a s. | t r t | j rt j t si It 1 t ] a ra r Ii t a r a r a j t | i r i t a ti t r
tt r t tr i tr It a r i r trtm tr It tr t| rtr 1 i m i tr It tr ] ra r t ,
st si Ia a ra r tt rta 1 t | ta m j t 1 t si t m | ra 1 t a I tt | m t r a s
Ia trIts j t r | a . , | t | a t a 1 tm a s j a t1 t a j t rIa r a r a j rt t i -
m a 1 t 1 t I ! | ] I| a . 1 t m i t | 1 t a | t } a 1 t t j Ii m a ta | i 1 a 1 . | r
| a Ia st 1 t I| t ra ti t r r t st a j | i ta ra r j rt 1 a tIt s j t r} a 1 i ti a | t s
a | a s a | t } a s.
| t r Irt | 1 t j | a ] a s t r It rm t 1 a 1 t s. | sIt ta |Ii t t ts | a sIa r It
It |trar It a| aIa| a t 1 t | atItri as, | t r ] t s t i r sttIt s, j trt a
t ttts st | a tt r tttsa ri t a sj tr} a r, j t r | t | a t ta a r 1 t rtsa | It
r tttsa ri t | a ttr| t tr 1 tj tr 1 t r ti a 1 t | a j | a ] a t tr Itrm t1 a 1
| a t i r ti 1 t, st a sa ra r | t s j rt 1 a tIt s 1 t si s rttt m tr 1 a 1 a s j t r
a r i 1 a 1 Vt ] tIa | , Ia r 1 a m tr Ia | m tr It st | rt | a | a st 1 t tt r Irt -
|ts | i t |t ] i tt s. | r Irt |a s j ri r ti j a |ts tr Itrm t1 a 1 ts | a t a Ia ta r
t| ] i rast | tr | a | a, st | a||ar |as t tasi t r a1 as j t r |t s | t r ] t s
1 t | t s ] tr trt s Oidium, Alternaria y Puccinia rt a s . | r | t
rt|a Ii t t a |a s j |a ] a s, st 1 tsIa ta r |a s j rt 1 a ti 1 a s j t r i r sttIt s
42
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
1 t | t s ] tr trt s. Diabrtica tri st m t|i 1 t s , Spodptera (m ar -
It| a i || as , Agromyza M i r a 1 t rts , Spilosoma ] a sa r t 1 t | a
ta| tt a t|a, Homoeosoma electellum, | a t j trIt ra 1 tsIra t
|t s ] ra r t s . | sj tti a | ta i 1 a 1 t | a | a t Itr tr tr |a Ia st 1 t st-
ta1 t 1 t| ] rar t tt r Ira |as at ts 1 t 1 i Itrtr Its ] tr trt s tsj t-
ti ts | a t tt r sa m tr ] rar 1 ts ta r Ii 1 a1 ts 1 t ] rar t s, si tr 1 t a
t ttts r ttt sa ri t 1 tsIi r a r j trst r a | t| a i j t s | a t t m i Ia r ra i -
1 t s, tt r t| Ii r 1 t a | t} a r| t s 1 t| a rta 1 t si tm | ra . k t ttts rtsa | -
Ia | tr tIi ti t st aj |i tar a |a ta | tt a t|a a r i r sttIi ti 1 a 1 t t |t r
Ia trIt | a t atIa t tt m t rtj t|tr It, | a t a1 tm as tt r Iri | a a a
m i r i m i t ar |t s 1 a1 t s j t r i r sttIt s. | r tsIt tast | a | a t tt r -
si 1 tra r t| Ii tm j t tsIa | |tti 1 t tr Irt |a a |Ii m a a j |i ta ti t r t|
a st 1 t| ] ra r t ta | tt a t| a j a ra tt r sa m t 1 i rttIt , tt r t| Ii r
1 t tt i Ia r j t si | | ts tIttIt s It t i tt s.
| t st t | a . | a tt stt| a st i r i ti a ta a r 1 t | a ta | tt a t| a ] ra r t s
tsItr sttt s, j trt si r | a t | a a 1 ts] ra r t. | r tsIa Iast, |as
tt|1 i ||as | a t tr ti trrar t| ] ra r t j rtstr Iar a r a tt r si sItr ti a
aj tr] am i r a 1 a, t| 1 t rst 1 t |a ta| tt a t|a a1 | a i trt a r a It r a|i -
1 a 1 1 t a m a ri | | t t j a r1 t | a s | ra tIta s tt Itri t rts 1 t | a ta | t-
t a t| a tr r t ] rtttr . | t s ] ra r t s st 1 t sj rt r 1 tr tt r rt| a Ii t a
Iati |i 1 a 1 a| Irt Iar|t s tt r |as m ar t s |a 1 a rtt a 1 t |a tastara
1 t| ] ra r t st t j t r t, a a r | a t r t It Ia | m tr It, a | a j tr tIra ti t r
1 t | a a 1 a t} trti 1 a a a r a j rtsi t r m t1 i a . | | j rt ttst 1 t tt stt| a
Iri ||a , tr 1 tj tr 1 tr ti a 1 t |t s rtta rst s tt r | a t st ta tr Itr ,
j a t1 t tIttIa a rst tr | a s 1 i Itrtr Its It rm a s | a t si ] a tr .
M a r a a | . t tt rIa r | a s ta | tt a t| a s a m a r t st t a r 1 tj t si -
Iar 1 t tr a r a tarrtIa | a t at ar t a a |a j ar 1 t |t s tt stt| a1 t rts.
| t sItri t rm t r It tr a r a rta j rt It ] i 1 a 1 t | a s | | a t i a s st 1 ts] ra -
r a r | a s ta | tt a t| a s m a r a a | m tr It. | sIt m tIt 1 t ts m a | a | t -
ri t st st | t t s rt tt m t r 1 a | | t j a ra a rt a s j t | a t 1 a s si r
rtta rst s m tta r i tt s.
t | rt a r a m ar Ia, st tt |t tar | i ti t|tIas tt r |as ra t1 as | ati a a rri -
| a atti t r a r 1 t t| j t1 a| tt r |as m ar t s, st m a tt t a t t|t ti 1 a1
tt r t tr i tr It |a ra t1 a Irastra tt r Ira |a ta a| st j t r tr tr tt r Iat-
It |as ta| tta t|as, |as | a t a tt r stta tr ti a 1 t |a Iri tti t r ra t s 1 t
|a ra t1 a - ] rar t s, st r Iri ||a1 as 1 t It rm a raj i 1 a tIi ti tr It. | t r
t| a st 1 t t ari as | i ti t|tIas j a t1 t Iri ||a rst a r a | a. 1 t ] i rast | tr
j t tt Ii tm j t .
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
43
t m i m t ta r i t a 1 a . | | tt rIt t s stm t} a r It a | t tt j a tsIt tr t|
j a r It I I.1, j trt |a Iri ||a j a t1 t t}tta Ia rst 1 t |a s It rm a s si -
] a i tr It s.
| a s ta | tt a t| a s st r Ii ra 1 a s a | m tta r i sm t 1 t Iri | | a 1 t a r a tt m -
| i r a 1 a | at tr1 a a t Ira stm t} a r It, | a | a t Ira | a } a 1 t It rm a ts-
Ia ti t r a ri a a | a | a t a r Its 1 t i r i ti a rst t| Ira | a } t st | t
1 tstt r ttIa t| m tta r i sm t 1 t tt rIt tr tt i Ia ti t r 1 t a tti 1 tr Its.
M tta r i t a 1 a . | sIa t ari ar It ts | a m as tt r t tr i tr It a | a t tr
a r a st |a t j trati t r st tIttIa a t| tt rIt, |a Iri ||a |a |i m j i tta 1 t|
] rar t tt r a r tt r si 1 tra| |t a| t rrt 1 t Ii tm j t rtta rst s m aIt-
ri a|ts | a m ar t s. | r tsIt tast st a sar tt m | i r a1 as 1 t| Ii j t
| at tr1 a t |a | ! \ , tt r si 1 trar 1 t st |as ta tsIi t r ts si ] a i tr Its.
i st 1 i sj t r t 1 t j | a Ia It rm a ] i ra st | tra st tt | t ta tr | a ] a r
1 t | a | a t Ii tr t t| t| a i j t , tr ta st r t] a Ii t t , st a Ii | i t a | a 1 t|
t| a i j t .
| a | arra 1 t tt rIt st |tt ar Ia 1 t It rm a Ia| | a t tt rIt |a m tr t r
tar Ii 1 a1 1 t Ia||t j t si | |t.
| a t t|t ti 1 a 1 1 t Iras|ati t r 1 t |a tt m | i r a 1 a stra |a m i r i m a.
| a rt Iati t r 1 t| ti | i r 1 rt 1 t Iri ||a st a}a sIara tr Irt \ 1 1 -! 1 1
| | M .
| a stj arati t r tr Irt tt r ta t t ti | i r 1 rt stra |a m at i m a. | t s
t tr Ii |a1 t rts Irastrt s st a| ri ra r a| It j t.
| tr t Ii ti t a | m a ttr a } t. | t s rtsi 1 a t s 1 t tt stt| a t Iras i m j a -
rt t a s st t | i m i r a r m t 1 i a r It t | t m j | t t 1 t a r a m a | a i r a
| tr tIi ti a1 t ra 1 t ] rar t s 1 t| Ii j t | tI| a s 1 t |a tt -| | k t 1 t a r
t tr Ii |a1 t r | a| i |i Ia1 t j ara tsIt j rt j t si It . | | a |m attr a }t st tItt-
Ia ara a ! | ! X 1 t | a m t1 a1 rt|aIi t a. k r Its 1 t a|m attr ar t|
] rar t | a | a t sttar|t | asIa a r tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t | a m t1 a1 tr Irt 1
I X . | | stta1 t j a t1 t | attrst a| st | t m t1 i ar It a r t| a i j t 1 t
stta1 t arIi Ii ti a|, j trt ta i 1 ar 1 t | a t |a Itm j traIa ra 1 t stta1 t
r t sa j trt |t s ! 1 | .
| tr 1 i m i tr It tsj tra 1 t . i |as tt r 1 i ti t r ts am | i tr Ia|ts st r Ia-
t t ra| |ts t| m ar t}t tt r t tr i tr It, j a t1 tr t | Itr trst tr Irt
. ! It r I| a. 1 t ] rar t s 1 t | a tr a ta|i 1 a1 .
44
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
M ai t l ta m a s |
| | m ai t }a r It a| arrt t a| Iri ]t st r |t s
ttrta|ts 1 t m a t r i m j t rIar ti a ttt r t m i -
ta tr t| m a r 1 t , j t r str tstr ti a| tr |a 1 i t-
Ia 1 t m a t| as j trst r as ar i m a|ts. | r
| a | a tsIar 1 tm t sIra1 t s rtr 1 i m i tr It s sa -
j tri t rts a |as 1 II| a tr ] rar t sttt .
| as j ri r ti j a|ts t a ri t1 a1 ts | a t st ta |Ii t ar
tr t| j ai s st r |a 1 | -t t , | a | a -\ \ \ , | a | a
-1 , V -t , | | -I , | -I 1 I , | 1 j ttIra|.
| as taratItri sIi tas j ri r ti j a|ts st m a tsIrar tr
|a a| |a \ .
| t s ta |Ii t t s Ii tr tr a r 1 tsarrt ||t m t}t r tr sa t|t s 1 t Itt Ia ra
m t1 i a, j rt Ia r 1 t s, tt r | a tr 1 rtr a}t, si r tt ttst 1 t ta|ti t tt r
a r j 1 tr Irt t -I . | t s j ri r ti j a|ts t | }tIi t t s 1 t j rtj arar t| Itrrtr t
j ara |a si tm | ra ts j rt j t rti t r ar |a s tt r 1 i ti t r ts t j Ii m as a |a
stm i ||a j ara | tr tIi ti ar |a ] trm i r ati t r , |a tm tr] tr ti a j ara |t -
] rar a r | a tr trtti m i tr It 1 t |a j |ar Ia |a. , Iat t rtttr a r a a| st r-
ti t r 1 t a]a a r a Iri tr Its m t}t r rt1 a ti r |a j t | |ati t r 1 t j |ar Ias
i r 1 tsta| |ts, j |a] as tr Itrm t1 a1 ts.
a | | a \ . | ri r ti j a|ts tara tItri sIi ta s 1 t |t s ta |Ii t arts 1 t m ai t
| tr 1 i m i tr It
m a i t Ii trr t
| | Ita |
1 i | ri 1 t t
t ari t1 a 1
| t stt| a
sttt
1 i as
| t stt| a
Ii trr t
1 i as
| tst 1 t | a
m a tt rta
] rar t
Ii trr t
i j t
1 t ] ra r t
| t Itr ti a|
j rt 1 a tIi t t
m i r i m t
II| a m i r i m t m at i m t
1 | -tt \ 1 1 tm itri sIa|i r t ! ,1
| | | k -\\ | ri sIa|i r t
| | | k -1

I 1

I 1

1 !1


!! 1


t ,!

\ I
V -t \ 1 1

tm itri sIa|i r t
| | -I
1 11

\1 1


I ,1
1 !\ 1
| -I 1 I

I 1

I 1 1 !1 !1 1

tm i 1 tr Ia1 t ! ,1 \ I
| 1 \ 1 1
j ttIra| 1 1 I !

1 11

\1 1

| tr Ia1 t

1, !

I ,1

1 11
1 !\ 1

| r Irt |t s j ri r ti j a|ts m tIt 1 t s 1 t j rtj arati t r 1 t| sa t|t tsIar |a
|a| rar t a tt r t tr ti t r a|, |a m i r i m a |a ttrt . | | m tIt 1 t a tm -
j |ta r }a t] a a r j aj t| Ia r 1 a m tr Ia| j ara |t ] rar a r a | a tr a j |ar -
Iati t r , si r tm | ar]t sa t|ttti t r st rt|ati t r a tt r t| tsIa1 t 1 t|
sa t|t a| tt r t|a i r t| ta |Ii t t ar Itri t r, a sta tt i sItr ti a 1 t rtsIt s
1 t tt stt| a, t| Ii j t 1 t | i tr| a j rt1 t m i r ar It r i t t| 1 t i r ItsIa-
ti t r , t| m i trt rt|i tt t |a tt m j atIati t r 1 t |as taj as i r Itri t rts.
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
45
i tm | ra
t rta|i t ar 1 t s si tm | ras a| a1 t , a r a tr j ri m at tra, 1 a rar It |t s
m tsts 1 t a| ri | t m a t , tt r Itm j traIa ras j rtti j i Iati t r ts j rt -
m t1 i t s I I1
t
| \ 1 1 m m , t Ira tr stj Ii tm | rt, tt r t a|t rts 1 t
I I 1
t
| I ! m m , rtsj ttIi t am tr It. | t s j rt m t1 i t s 1 t ||a t i a s st
st1 a|ar j ara |t s ! 1 1 i as 1 t| ta |Ii t t | a t tt i r ti 1 tr tt r |a tIaj a
1 t I|t rati t r .
| ara |t ]rar |as 1 tr si 1 a1 ts 1 t j t | |ati t r t j Ii m as rtsa |Ia tasi i m -
j rtsti r 1 i | |t t| tm j |tt 1 t stm | ra1 t ras 1 t j rtti si t r , j rtItri | |t-
m tr It r ta m aIi tas. | a rt] a |ati t r 1 t |a m a| a i r a ar Its 1 t i r i ti ar
|a si tm | ra ts a r a |a| t r i r 1 i sj tr sa| |t st | attr j ra t| as tr | |ar -
tt j ara |t ]rar a r m artt j rt Ia r 1 i 1 a1 1 t si tm | ra a1 tta a1 t s.
| a 1 i sIa r ti a 1 t si tm | ra tr Irt | i | tra s tsIa tr Ia r ti t r 1 t| Ii j t
1 t rttt | ttti t r a tm j | ta r. i ts m tta r i t a 1 a , st a Ii | i t a ra | a 1 t
|a tt stt| a 1 t ra , si r t tr Irt I 1 1 1 tm tr Irt | i |tra s 1 t I 1 a
1 1 tm tr Irt j |ar Ias. | a j rt Ia r 1 i 1 a1 1 t si tm | ra tr |t s sa t|t s
arti ||t st s stra 1 t \ -t tm tr | t s m as |i ] trt s 1 t ! -I tm . | sIt s
i r 1 i ta 1 t rts }a r It a | Ia m a 1 t 1 t |a stm i ||a st r i m j t rIa r Its
j a ra a r a | rt Ia ti t r a r i It rm t tt i Ia r j | a r Ia s a Ira sa 1 a s tr t|
1 tsa rrt | | t a | | a ! .
a | | a ! . | |a r IasI| a j ara a st] a rar a |It s rtr 1 i m i tr It s

| j t ta 1 t| a1 t

| Ia j a
M a i t sttt
j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t ] rar t

M ai t Ii trr t
| r |a | rt Iati t r 1 t t 11 1 1 t 11 tr trt a m a t
| r |a tt stt| a 1 asIa 1! 1 1 1 1 asIa 1I 1 11
| r |a | rt Iati t r \ I I tt 1 I t 11 ! 1 t stj Ii tm | rt a| 1
1 t 1 i ti tm | rt | r |a tt stt| a K t m tr t s 1 t \1 1 1 1
j |ar Ias
1 asIa 1t 1 11 j |ar Ias

|ara |as t ari t1 a1 ts | -I 1 I | | -I st rttt m i tr 1 ar \ ! -!1 1 1 1
j |a r Ia sI| a .
| a st|ttti t r 1 t |a s Itt| a s 1 t si tm | ra st rt|ati t r a tt r |a 1 i sj t -
r i | i |i 1 a1 1 t ri t]t . 1 a | a t ]arar Ii tar | a t t ta rra 1 a rar It |a
m tr t r i r ti 1 tr ti a 1 t j |a] as tr Itrm t1 a1 ts, ta ar 1 t |as tt r 1 i -
ti t r ts j ara t| 1 tsarrt ||t 1 t |as j |ar Ias ]rar t s star t j Ii m as
| a t tt i r ti 1 a | a tt stt| a tt r t| j tri t 1 t sttt . | | m t}t r j tri t 1 t 1 t
si tm | ra ts 1 ts1 t a] t sIt | asIa a| ri |.
46
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| a stm i ||a Itr 1 ra r t m tr t s 1 t 1 I X 1 t j a rtt a a r a ] trm i r ati t r
sa j tri t r a| ! X j ara |t ] rar a r a j t | |ati t r attj Ia| |t 1 a rar It |a
| rt Iati t r . t r tttsi Iar 1 t \ a I 1 | ] 1 t stm i ||aI| a st IraIar
tt r |t s j rt 1 a tIt s 1 t si s rttt m tr 1 a1 t s j t r ar i 1 a1 Vt] tIa|
a| |a t
a | | a t . | rt 1 a tIt s Ii It sa r i Iari t s aa It ri t a1 t s a a Ii |i t ar tr t| ta |Ii t t
1 t| m ai t
|trIi |i t ati t r
| | m ai t tt r sa m t 1 t 1 1 a ! 1 | ] 1 t K j ara j rt 1 a ti r a r a I 1 t
] ra r t I| a .
| | ri Im t 1 t ata m a |ati t r 1 t K tr |a j |ar Ia trttt tasi j ara|t|t a
|a ata m a |ati t r 1 t sa sIar ti as sttas. | | tt r sa m t 1 t K ts i r Itr st
j arIi ta |arm tr It tr t| j tri t 1 t 1 t m a t r trtti m i tr It , | a t st j rt -
1 a tt 1 ts1 t | a t tsIas tm i Itr |a 1 tti m a | t }a | asIa 1 tsj a ts 1 t |a
Itta r 1 ati t r |a It rm ati t r 1 t |t s ] rar t s. | a ar 1 t r t st 1 i sj t r -
] a 1 t tsIa 1 i t s a] rt | a i m i tt s st tm j |tarar |as si ] a i tr Its tar Ii -
1 a 1 ts 1 t r a Iri tr It s. K 1 t 1 1 a ! 1 , | I 1 ! t 1 - 1 1 | I 1
1 1 - 1 | ] I| a
| | r i Irt ]tr t ts t| t|tm tr It m as i m j t rIar It j ara tsIt ta |Ii t t tr
|as tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t | a | a, 1 t| i 1 t a |as j tr1 i 1 as a | a t st tr ta tr -
Ira st m tIi 1 t tsIt r a Iri tr It tr t| Irt j i tt j t r t t |aIi |i tati t r , |a-
t a1 t Ii }ati t r j t r |t s m i trt t r]ar i sm t s 1 t| sa t|t . | ||t 1 tItrm i r a
| a t t| r i Irt ] tr t st aj |i ta ra tr | as 1 t si s rt| a tri 1 as j t r t| ta |Ii -
t t , tt r aj |i tati t r ts |t ta|ts Iaj a1 t i r m t1 i aIt , j rt ta rar 1 t | a t
|as tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t | a m t1 a1 star Iat t ra| |ts. t rttt m i tr 1 a aj |i -
tar I1 1 t r i Irt ]tr t tr si tm | ra I I1 a |t s I ! -1 1 1 i as 1 t ]trm i -
r a1 t t| ta |Ii t t .
| t s r i t t|ts 1 t r i Irt ] tr t m a s a|It s ! 1 | ] I| a tt rrtsj t r 1 tr a
sa t|t s artr t st s |t s m as | a}t s a |t s r t ta|tartt s |aIt st |i t a1 t s

| rt 1 a tIt s
| t si sI| a
| ] t |

| |a ] a s | a t tt r Irt | a r
| a raIt I ! | | , 1 | art as 1 t | tj i 1 t j Itrt s
am art r t 1 | | , ! k Ii 1 t s |art as 1 t | tj i 1 t j Itrt s
| t rm a |a | a j |tt I , 1 | art as 1 t | tj i 1 t j Itrt s
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
47
|t tt r Ira ri t j ara t| It sIt rt 1 1 | ] I| a tr | t s |aIt st |i t a1 t s
t 1 | ] I| a j ara |t s artr t st s |t s r t ta|tartt s.
| i t] t
| | tt r sa m t 1 t a]a a t ari a tt r |a tIaj a 1 t 1 tsarrt ||t 1 t |a j |ar -
Ia rtsa |Iar tri Ii tt s 1 a rar It |a ]trm i r ati t r , | rt Iati t r , I|t ra-
ti t r It rm ati t r 1 t| ]rar t . | r tsIt a |Ii m t j tri t 1 t ts 1 t r 1 t st
j rt 1 a tt t| m a t r tt r sa m t 1 t a] a a j t r 1 i a . | as j | ar Ias 1 t| tr
tt r Iar tt r t| a]a a r tttsari a 1 a rar It It 1 t t| ti t|t t t]tIaIi t t
j ara |t ] rar a|It s rtr 1 i m i tr It s, si st j rt 1 a ttr tt ttst s |as j |ar -
Ias st asIi t i ar si st j rt |t r ]a st j a t1 t j rt 1 a ti r |a m a trIt. | |
1 tIi ti I |i m i Ia |t s rtr 1 i m i tr It s.
| | m ai t rt| a i trt 1 t 1 t 1 1 - ! 1 1 1 m
I
1 t a ] a aI| a j ara It 1 t sa
ti t|t t t]tIaIi t t . | t t||t s, t 1 1 -I 1 1 1 m
1
I| a st r tttsi Iar 1 a -
rar It |a I|t rati t r It rm ati t r 1 t |t s ]rar t s 1 t t 1 1 -I 1 1 1 m
1
I
| a 1 ts1 t |a si tm | ra | asIa t| i r i ti t 1 t |a I|t rati t r , \ 1 1 - I ! 1
m
1
I| a 1 a rar It |a I|t rati t r It rm ati t r 1 t |t s ]rar t s 1 t t 1 1
I ! 1 m
1
I| a j ara t| 1 tsarrt ||t trtti m i tr It 1 t| ]rar t .
| tsj a ts 1 t| j ri m tr ri t]t i r m t1 i aIt a |a si tm | ra, st 1 a a r st-
] a r 1 t ri t] t |t ar Its j t si | |t, j ara ] arar Ii t ar a r a | a m t1 a1 a r i -
It rm t tr t| Itrrtr t |a | rt Iati t r tasi a| a r i st r t 1 t It 1 as |as
j |ar Ias. | a s j rt Ia r 1 i 1 a1 ts 1 t | a m t1 tti m i tr It strar 1 t 1 1 -\ 1
tm | asIa |a I|t rati t r 1 t t 1 tm 1 tsj a ts 1 t i r i ti a1 a tsIa, si tm -
j rt | a t |as taratItri sIi ta s Ii si tas 1 t| sa t|t | t j trm i Iar , j ara 1 t
tsIa It rm a |t ] rar a r a taj ati 1 a1 1 t tam j t sa j tri t r a| ! X .
| a| t rts 1 t | a |Ii t t
Control de malezas
| | Ii tm j t tri Ii tt 1 t tt m j tItr ti a 1 t |as m a|tt as tt r t| m ai t st r
|t s j ri m trt s 1 1 1 i as j ara a| a t||as j |ar Ias | a t ] trm i r art r
1 tsj a ts tsIt st j rt |t r ] a | asIa | t s 1 ! 1 i as.
| a ar 1 t st a j |i | a t | tr| i ti 1 a r t st t | strt t 1 tIi ti tr ti a 1 t It s-
It rt , st | ara a r aj t r| a t a |t s I ! -1 1 1 i as si t| tt r Irt | 1 t tsIt | a
si 1 t tIttIi t t tr |t s sa t|t s sa t|It s. | r |t s tt m j atIa1 t s, st |t 1 ara
a r a |a| t r 1 t ta |Ii t t a |t s I - ! 1 i as 1 tsj a ts 1 t |a | rt Iati t r
48
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
j ara aI|t } ar |a taj a tr 1 a rtti 1 a. i st aj |i ta t| | tr| i ti 1 a tr | ar -
1 as, st ta | Ii t ara j ara m a r Itr tr |i m j i a |a j arIt r t IraIa1 a, tt i -
Iar 1 t r t m t t tr t| sa t|t 1 t |a j arIt IraIa1 a.
| |a] as tr Itrm t1 a1 ts m as tt m a r ts
| t s i r sttIt s 1 t| sa t|t st r r t ti t t s j ara t| m ai t j t r| a t rt1 a ttr
|a 1 tr si 1 a1 1 t j t | |ati t r . | sIt ta |Ii t t r t st rtta j tra tt r Iati |i -
1 a 1 1 t | a s 1 t r si 1 a 1 t s | a } a s. k | ] a r t s i r st tIt s tt m t | t s
r tm aIt 1 t s, j a t1 tr Iam | i tr aIttIar |as rai tts taa sar j rt | |t-
m as 1 t tsIrts | i 1 ri tt t atam t.
k | m ai t |t aIatar m as 1 t 1 t tsj tti ts 1 t i r sttIt s, a|] a r t s
m a i m j t rIar Its j t r |a Irtta tr ti a tt r | a t i r ti 1 tr j t r |a
] ra t t1 a 1 1 t | t s 1 a 1 t s. | a j a | t m i | | a j t 1 t j Itra Ia r ] i j tr1 a
|t s t i ra s st r ta a sa r Its 1 t ta a r Ii t sa s j tr1 i 1 a s j rt 1 a tIi t a s,
| a t stra r m a t rts tt r t| trtti m i tr It 1 t | a s j t | | a ti t r ts tr
t| j tri t 1 t 1 t ||a t i a. | t |as tr Itrm t1 a1 ts m as i m j t rIar ts st
1 tsIatar | a j a 1 ri ti t r 1 t | a m a t t rta (Diploidia MAYDIS), m ar -
t| a 1 t | a | t }a (Helminthosporium maydis), ta r| t r tt m a r
(Ustilago maydis), rt a 1 t| m ai t (Puccinia polisora), m t sai -
tt | 1 t| m ai t (Maize mosaic virus (MMV) y m ar t| a 1 t asIa|-
It (Phyllachora maydis) a | | a I .
a | | a I . | r Itrm t1 a1 ts 1 t m a t r i m j t rIar ti a tr t| ta |Ii t t 1 t| m ai t
k | ] a r a s 1 t t sIa s
t r I t r m t 1 a 1 t s
j a t 1 t r rt 1 a t i r
| a sIa a r ! 1 X | t s
rt r 1 i m i t r It s. | a
M a r t | a a s I a | I t
( P hyl l a chor a
maydi s st t sI a
j rt st r Ia r 1 t t t r
| a sIa r It Irt ta t r -
t i a t r a | ] a r a s
t a ri t1 a 1 ts 1 t j rt -
1 a tti t r .
| r Itrm t1 a1 | a 1 t | a t
t tasi t r a
| tri t 1 t
tri Ii tt 1 t|
ta |Ii t t
1 i as
| i j |t 1 i a
(Diplodia Zea)
| a 1 ri ti t r 1 t |a
m att rta
Irar sm i Ii 1 a j t r
|a stm i ||a
t 1 - !
| t a 1 t| m ai t
(Puccinia sorgh)
! 1 -I 1
M ar t| a 1 t |a | t }a
(Helminthosporium sp)

| t ||a}t
! 1 -I 1
| ar| t r tt m a r
(Ustilago maydis)
| ar i ta |a,
m att rta It ||a}t
! ! -I !
M ar t| a 1 t asIa|It
(Phyllachora maydis)
| t ||a}t t 1 -I 1

| |a] as m as i m j t rIar Its
| a|t m i ||a
(Spodoptera frugiperda)
| ar i ta |a It ||a}t 1 -t!
| a sar t 1 t |a m att rta
(Hilicoverpa Zea)
M at t rta t ! -1 1

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
49
| r Irt |as j |a]as m as tt m a r ts tsIar .
| a|t m i ||a 1 t| m a i t (Spodptera frugiperda)
| a sa r t 1 t | a m at t rta (Heliotis zea)
| t rtr (Diatrea sp)
a|Ia | t }a s (Peregrinus maydis)
| ratIi ta 1 t m ar t}t i r It]ra1 t 1 t j |a] as
| a ra tt r Irt | ar | a j | a ] a m a s i m j t rIa r It 1 t| m a i t | a t ts | a
Spodoptera frugiperda 1 t| tm t s aj |i tar a r m ar t}t i r It] ra1 t tt r
m t1 i 1 as Ia|ts tt m t .
M ar Itr tr a r a | a tr a |i m j i tta 1 t m a|ttas tr t| ta |Ii t t tt m t
tr | as arta s a|t1 a1 as, j ri r ti j a|m tr It tr j |ar Ias | a t si rt tr
1 t | t sj t1 ar It a |a j a|t m i ||a, Ia|ts tt m t |as ] ram i r tas, m i ||t
1 t tstt | a, a |] t 1 t r , tIt.
| t i Iar |a tt |i r 1 ar ti a
| t |t tar Ira m j as 1 t m t|at a s m i t| 1 t | a |] a 1 t a] a a
tr rtti j i tr Its aj rt j i a1 t s, |aIas 1 t 1 a |tt 1 t ] a |t r tt rIa1 as
a a r a a|Ia ra 1 t - 1 tm tr ||ar Ias 1 t tarrt s j i ta1 as a| m t1 i t
t tr ta1 a | rat a j i ta1 a a rat t r 1 t \ -! Iram j as I| a.
| ta| i t ar |i | trati t r ts 1 t j arasi It s Ia|ts tt m t . Telenomus sp 1
1 1 1 i r 1 i t i 1 a t s I| a tr Iast 1 t 1 -! | t }as, tr 1 i as j t tt ||a t i t -
st s tr a r a a|Ia ra si m i |ar a |a j |ar Ia.
t a j | i ta ra Trichogramma sp a rat t r 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 a r i 1 a1 ts
j t r | ttIa rta , tt r a r a Irtta tr ti a stm a r a | .
k j |i tati t r ts 1 t Bacillius thuringiensis | tr| a ra t t r 1 t \ | I
| a rtj i Ii t r 1 t | a s a j | i ta ti t r t s 1 t a ta tr1 t a | i r 1 i tt 1 t i r -
ItsIati t r tsIa| |tti 1 t j ara t| tt r Irt | 1 t |a j a|t m i ||a ! X
1 t j |a r Ias i r ItsIa 1 a s tt r |a rt as 1 t tr I 1 t tsIa 1 i t |a rt a| .
| r t| ta st 1 t| ] a sa r t 1 t | a m a t t rta , st j rt tt1 t a rta | i t a r
aj |i tati t r ts Iar j rt r It tt m i tr tt a tt| ar |a m a t t rta, 1 i -
ri ] i tr 1 t | a m i sm a a |t s j t|t s 1 t |a m a t t rta 1 t r 1 t 1 tj t si -
Ia |t s | a tt t s.
M ar Itr tr | a tr a a]rt Ittr i a ]tr tra|
50
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
M ar Itr tr |as t | strt ati t r ts st | rt |a 1 i r am i ta j t | |ati t r a|
1 t | a j |a] a sa s | i t rrt] a |a1 t rts j ara 1 tItrm i r ar t r t t|
tt r Irt | | a i m i tt .
| t stt| a j t sItt stt| a
| r a tt stt| a tIi ti tr It 1 tj tr 1 t m a t| t 1 t| m t m tr It 1 t |a rttt -
|ttti t r , |a t ari t1 a1 | a t st si tm | ra, t| tsIa1 t 1 t m a1 a rtt t|
t|i m a | a t j rt1 t m i r a. t j a t1 tr a Ii |i tar Irts t ari ar Its. m ar a a|,
stm i m ttar i t a1 a m ttar i t a1 a.
| a tt stt| a st tIttIa a ta a r 1 t |a stm i ||a Ii tr t sa Ii ti tr It rtstrt a
ata m a |a1 a t| ]rar t Itr ]a tr Irt a r t I 1 X 1 t | a m t1 a1
1 - I ! 1 i as st] a r |a tj t ta 1 t si tm | ra |a t ari t1 a1 . | a Iri ||a
1 t ] rar t s tt r a r a | a m t1 a1 i r Itri t r a| t X t tasi t r a a r a|It
j t rttr Ia}t 1 t ] rar t s j arIi 1 t s t 1 t m i trt IratIa ras i r Itrr as tt r
a r a | a}a str si | |t tr |t s rtr 1 i m i tr It s, Iam | i tr t ta rri rar stri t s
j rt | |tm as si |a | a m t1 a1 1 t ] rar t ts sa j tri t r a a r I 1 X .
1 a t ari t s t| a i j t s | a t st j a t1 tr tm j |tar tr |a tt stt| a t i r -
t|a tr |t s tt |ttIt rts 1 t m att rtas, tt |ttIt rts 1 tsj a}a1 t rts
t Irt s | a t a1 tm as | a ttr t| 1 ts] rar t, tsIt s a |Ii m t s st r |t s m as
t tr Ia}t st s, j a ts tr a r a | t ra 1 t Ira | a}t tt stt| ar 1 t 1 , a | a
si t| tr tr| am i tr It ts |i ] trt tt r a r rtr 1 i m i tr It 1 t \ -! I 1 t
] ra r t I| a .
| | stta1 t st | att 1 tr Irt 1 t |as j ri m tras I \ | t ras 1 tsj a ts 1 t |a
tt stt| a, |a | a m t1 a1 st | a}a a ! . ! X j t sItri t rm tr It st j rt -
tt1 t a |a t|asi Ii tati t r |i m j i tta, IraIam i tr It a|m attr am i tr It .
Soya Glycine max (L) Merr.
| a st a ts a r a 1 t |as j ri r ti j a|ts Ia tr Its 1 t a tti It j rt Iti r a a
tsta |a m a r 1 i a| st a Ii |i t a tr | a a|i m tr Iati t r 1 t 1 i Itrtr Its ts-
j tti ts ar i m a |ts, 1 ts1 t |t s | t t i r t s | asIa | as at ts j ttts, tr
It rm a 1 t It rra}t, tr si |a1 t , | tr t , asi tt m t tr It rm a 1 t ]rar t
sa s 1 tri t a1 t s, | i tr st |a, t It rm ar 1 t j arIt 1 t j i tr st s t m tt t|as
i r 1 a sIri a|ts. M a t| t s tri a1 t rts tr r a tsIrt j ai s 1 tstt r t ttr |as
It rm as m as a1 tta a1 as 1 t a Ii |i tar t| ]rar t t| It rra}t 1 t tsIa
j |ar Ia tr |a a|i m tr Iati t r a r i m a|, t i r t|a st tr t ta si t r ts st |t
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
51
aIri | a tr j rt j i t1 a1 ts It t i tas | a t sa ]i trtr |i m i Iar sa a Ii |i ta-
ti t r . | r tsIt Ira| a}t st | ri r 1 a a r a | rtt t taratItri tati t r 1 t|
] rar t t| It rra}t 1 t st a.
| aratItri sIi tas m t rIt |t ] i tas 1 t |a j |ar Ia
| a st a ts a r ta |Ii t t ar a a | ta a j |ar Ia a |tar t a ] tr tra|m tr It
a r a a|Ia ra tr Irt 1 1 1 tm tr 1 tj tr 1 tr ti a 1 t |a t ari t1 a1 1 t
|a tj t ta 1 t si tm | ra. | a m a t ri a 1 t |as t ari t1 a1 ts st t|asi Ii tar
tt m t 1 t trtti m i tr It 1 tItrm i r a1 t t i r 1 tItrm i r a1 t . |as 1 t| j ri -
m tr Ii j t , 1 tIi tr tr sa trtti m i tr It a a r a a| Ia ra ta ar 1 t tt m i tr -
t a |a I|t ra ti t r t j t tt Ii tm j t 1 tsj a ts, ] tr tra|m tr It |a tm a
Itrm i r a| st Irar sIt rm a tr i r I|t rtsttr ti a t| Ia||t tt r Ii r a a aa -
m tr Iar 1 t 1 t 1 i am tIrt , |t | a t tt j | i ta a r ] rt st r a r i It rm t tr
It 1 a sa |t r ] i Ia 1 . | t r t| tt r Irari t , |as j |ar Ias 1 t trtti m i tr It
i r 1 tItrm i r a1 t , t| Ia||t tt r Ii r a a trtti tr 1 t tr |t r ] i Ia 1 m as a||a
1 t| j tri t 1 t 1 t 1 tsarrt ||t 1 t |as t ai r as, j a t1 tr 1 a j |i tar sa a |Ia -
ra 1 tsj a ts | a t i r i ti a |a I|t rati t r , t| 1 i am tIrt 1 t| Ia||t 1 i sm i r a -
t j rt ] rtsi t am tr It r t j rtstr Ia i r I|t rtsttr ti a
| a stm i ||a 1 t |a st a st j rt 1 a tt tr t ai r as 1 t \ a t tm . 1 t |t r ] i -
Ia 1 t ari a tr sa It rm a 1 ts1 t tsItri ta | asIa |i ]tram tr It t t a|a-
1 a. | r Irt | t s tt |t rts m as tt m a r ts st tr ta tr Irar t| a m ari ||t , t|
r t]rt 1 i Itrtr Its It r a|i 1 a1 ts taIt. | | Iri }t | 1 t st a st tt r si 1 tra
tt m t t |ta]i r t st j t r sa a|It tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t ]rasa I 1 X . i tr t
a1 tm as j rt Iti r a \ 1 X , | i 1 raIt s 1 t tar| t r t I ! X , a]a a 1 X
ttr i t as ! X .
| | j ri m tr j ar 1 t | t }as t tr1 a1 tras st r si m j |ts |as 1 tm as
Iri It |i a1 as, aa r | a t tt i sItr | t }as tt r ta aIrt t m as It |i t |t s t t a-
|ts t |ar ttt |a1 t s. | as | t }as st t|asi Ii tar tr ar t| as t ari t1 a1 ts
tt m trti a|ts ar ]t sIas.
| a s I| t rt s st r tsIra tIa ra | m t r It st m t } a r It s a | a s 1 t | t s Iri } t -
|ts Phaseolus vulgaris t Ira s tsj tti ts 1 t |t] a m i r t sa s. | a t-
1 tr str 1 t tt | t r j a rj a ra , | | a r tt s t | | a r tt s tt r | a st j a rj a ra
st j rt 1 a ttr tr |a s at i | as 1 t | as | t } as. | | a | t rIt I| t ra| st
tt r si 1 tra a r Itr t m tr t r a Ia ra | tr | a st a , 1 tj tr 1 i tr 1 t
1 t | a s tt r 1 i ti t r t s t tt | t ] i ta s, t r a | ] a r a s t a ri t 1 a 1 t s a | t r-
Ia r | a sIa m a s 1 t| 1 X 1 t | a s I| t rts. | a s t a i r a s st r t tr1 ts
52
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
tr |a m a1 a rtt st r | rt r tta 1 a s, m arrt r ts t r t] ras. | t r Ii t-
r tr 1 t 1 t s a Irts st m i | | a s t r m a t| a s t a ri t1 a 1 ts | a s t a i -
r a s st a | rtr a | m a 1 a ra r stta r | a s stm i | | a s. | a ra i t j ri r ti j a |
j a t 1 t a | ta r t a r a r a j rt Ia r 1 i 1 a 1 1 t I m t r tt r 1 i ti t r t s Ia -
t t ra | | t s 1 t sa t | t , a a r | a t | a s ra i tt s st ta r 1 a ri a s sa s ra m i -
Ii ta ti t r ts j a t1 tr a | ta r t a r i ] a a | t m a s j rt Ia r 1 i 1 a 1 . | a
m a t ri a 1 t | a s ra i tts st | t ta | i t a r t r Irt ! I 1 tm 1 t | a
sa j trIi ti t 1 t | sa t| t . | | si sIt m a ra 1 i ta | st 1 tsa rrt | | a 1 a ra r It
t| ti t| t 1 t | a j | ar Ia j trm ar ttt tr Ia r ti t r a m i tr It m a s
a | | a 1 t | a m a 1 a rtt Ii si t | t ] i ta .
| aratItri sIi tas Ii si t |t ] i tas
| a ta ratItri sIi ta Ii si t |t ] i ta m a s i m j t rIar It 1 t tsIa j |a r Ia ts
sa It It j tri t 1 i sm t . | a j |a r Ia 1 tj tr 1 t ] ra r 1 tm tr It 1 t |a 1 a -
rati t r 1 t| 1 i a, |a | a t 1 tIi r i ra sa Ia m a1 t |a 1 a rati t r 1 t| ti -
t|t . | a ra j asar 1 t | a Ia st t t] t Ia Ii t a a | a rtj rt 1 a tIi t a , ts
r t tt sa ri t | a t | a 1 a ra ti t r 1 t | 1 i a st a m a s tt rIa | a t sa
It It j tri t 1 t tri Ii tt , si r t ts asi , |a j |ar Ia I|t rtttra m a raj i 1 a-
m tr It si r a|tar t ar a r 1 tsarrt ||t t t] tIaIi t t tt r si 1 tra| |t, j t r
t| tt r Irari t , si |a 1 a rati t r 1 t| 1 i a ts m as |ar] a, |a j |ar Ia si ] a t
trtti tr 1 t r t I|t rtttra. | s i m j t rIar It st|ttti t r ar |a t ari t-
1 a1 j a ra | a tj t ta a | a | a t tsIt a 1 a j Ia 1 a . 1 Ira tara tItri sIi ta
I i si t | t ] i t a i m j t rI a r It t i sI a t s s a t a j a t i 1 a 1 1 t I i } a r
si m | i t Ii ta m tr It t| r i Irt ] tr t a Im t sItri tt , m t1 i ar It |a a st ti a -
ti t r tt r | atItri as 1 t |a tsj tti t Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
| t| a tri m i tr It s
| a j |ar Ia 1 t st a j a ra a|ta r t ar a r | a tr 1 tsarrt ||t a|Ia j rt -
1 a tti t r , tt i ] t | a t |t s sa t|t s rta r ar | t s si ] a i tr Its rt| a i si It s.
| a tr 1 rtr a}t sa j trIi ti a| t i r Itrr t . t j t ] raIi a ||a r a a |i ] tra-
m tr It t r 1 a |a 1 a. a t|t j rt Ia r 1 t .
j 1 tr Irt t -I , j rtItri | |tm tr It r ta Irt .
Va|t rts a1 tta a1 t s 1 t m aItri a t r]ar i ta sa j tri t r a 1 . ! X .
|trIi |i 1 a1 t|tta1 a.
| a}t Itr t r 1 t sa|.
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
53
| a st a rt| a i trt | a tr a ta r Ii 1 a1 1 t a] a a j trt r t It |tra |t s sa t-
|t s m a | a m t1 t s t j ar Iar t st s, tt i ] t | a tr a ai rtati t r .
|t rra}t 1 t st a
| a j |ar Ia 1 t st a st a Ii |i t a tr | a a|i m tr Iati t r ar i m a| tt m t
j a}a , | tr t t tr si | a}t. | a j a}a t rasIrt } t ts t| rtsi 1 a t | a t | a t1 a
1 tsj a ts 1 t Iri ||ar |as j |a r Ias. ts j t | rt tr j rt Iti r a, ri ta tr Ii | ra
st 1 t| t tt m | i r ar tt r | tr t 1 t | t] a m i r t sas.
| | | tr t t It rra}t st rtIi trt a |a j |ar Ia tr Itra tr 1 i t trst s tsIa1 t s
1 t m a1 a rati t r . | | rtr 1 i m i tr It tr Iast 1 t I|t rati t r 1 i sm i r a t
aj rt t i m a1 am tr It tr a r ! 1 X ta ar 1 t |as stm i ||as st tr ta tr -
Irar tr |a m i Ia1 t Itrttra Iast 1 t sa 1 tsarrt ||t a | a t |a tar Ii -
1 a1 1 t | t }as 1 i sm i r a t tr |a m t1 i 1 a | a t a t ar t a t| j rt ttst 1 t
m a1 a rati t r . | tr tra| m tr It |a st a r t st tr si |a 1 t| i 1 t a sa sa-
| t r am ar] t . ] tr tra| m tr It t| tr si |a} t st | a tt tt r m ai t .
| r | a | a, tr tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t j rt 1 a tti t r , st | ar t | Itr i 1 t I \ II
| a 1 t It rra}t 1 t st a si r i r t ta |ar |as stm i ||as | asIa \ t II| a
tt r stm i ||as i r t ta |a1 as, |t | a t rtj rtstr Ia |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t
It r t|a1 a 1 t j rt Iti r a tr | ast m aItri a stta a |t s I ! 1 i a s 1 t
stm | ra1 a tr |a j ri m at tra. | a tt m j t si ti t r | a i m i ta 1 t |as 1 i -
t trsas It rm as 1 t |a j |ar Ia st j rtstr Ia tr |a a| |a .
a | | a . | t m j t si ti t r | a i m i ta j t rttr Ia a| 1 t |a j |ar Ia 1 t st a
i j t 1 t a |i m tr It
a | r | a | a | trtt , 1 1
M . . | . | . | . | . | . | . | a . |
| r si |a}t j |ar Ia tr Itra I I , 1 I , ! I , t I , t , 1 1 1 , \t
1 tr t , 1 t , t 1 , 1 1 , 1 , I ! 1 , I!
| asIrt }t j a}a , 1 ! , I , \ \ \ , 1 , ! 1 1 , 1t
| t] a r | k 1
| rtsta I 1 tm , | | i |t I t , 1 , I 1 , 1 1 , t , \I 1 , I!
| rtsta \ 1 tm , | | i |t I t , , 1 1 , ! 1 ! , \ , 1 1 1 , It
| rtsta 1 tm , | | i |t I t , I , I \ , I 1 \ , I , I I 1 , I!
| rtsta, I|t rati t r , | . | i tt t , 1 t , t I , 1 , 1 , ! I 1 , I!
| rtsta, m a1 a ra ti t r | . | i tt I ! , 1 t , t , I I 1 , t , I I 1 , I\
1 tr t tt r | t }a s, a 1 aIri ta 1 , 1 I , ! 1 ! , ! 1 , 1 \ 1 ,
1 tr t j t tas | t }as, a 1 aIri ta 1 , ! I , \ I ! , I 1 , I t 1 , 1

K t ts a1 tta a1 t j asIt rtar |a st a j a ts t| j i st Itt 1 t |t s ar i m a|ts
m a t rts 1 tsIra t |as j |ar Ia s, r t t | sIar It st j a t1 t a Ii |i t a r tr
tsj tti ts m t r t ] asIri tas at ts ttr1 t s , j ri r ti j a |m tr It tr |a
Iast 1 t m a1 a rati t r 1 t| ]rar t .
54
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| | ]rar t 1 t st a
| | ] rar t 1 t st a Ii tr t a r a|It t a|t r r a Iri ti t r a| a| tt m | i r ar
t|tt a1 t s tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t j rt Iti r as ] rasas | i ] a ra 1 .
| | Iri }t | 1 t st a st a Ii |i t a tr Itrt t tr It rm a 1 t | ari r a, tsIa a |Ii -
m a | a t1 a tt m t sa | j rt 1 a tIt a r a t tt | a t st tt Irat t| atti It. | a
tt m j t si ti t r 1 t t||t s st m a tsIra tr |a a| |a 1 .
a | | a 1 . | t m j t si ti t r j t rttr Ia a| 1 t| Iri }t | |a | a ri r a 1 t st a
Cenizas
5%
Humedad
8%
Hidratos de
carbono
32%
Grasas
18%
Protenas
37%

|atIt rts ar Ii r a Iri ti t r a|ts 1 t |a st a It rm as
1 t t|i m i r ati t r
| a st a Ii tr t a|] a r t s t|tm tr It s | a t st tt r si 1 trar i r 1 tsta| |ts,
j ri r ti j a|m tr It |a tr t i m a | i j t t t i ] tr asa, | t s at a tarts i r st |a -
| |ts |t s i r | i | i 1 t rts 1 t |a Iri j si r a, tsIt s a |Ii m t s st r |t s m as
i m j t rIar Its j ara |a a|i m tr Iati t r ar i m a|.
| | ri ts] t | a t rtj rtstr Ia r j a ra | a sa | a 1 | a m a r a a r i m a | st
t|i m i r a tt r t| tm j | tt 1 t Ittr t |t ] i a s a 1 tta a 1 as j a ra sa
i j t 1 t a | i m tr It M . . | . | . | . | . | . | . | a . |
a | a | a | trt t , 1 1
| ri }t | tr Itrt 1 I , 1 \ I , , ! , 1 , I I 1 , t 1
1 a ri r a 1 t st a 1 , 1 \ 1 , 1 , ! I , 1 1 , 1 t 1 , I !
| | k 1
tm i ||a tt r tastara, l i m | a| t 1 , I I t , \ , 1 1 , 1
tm i ||a si r tastara, ri r i 1 a1 1 ! , \ I , 1 I 1 , \ \ , 1
1 a ri r a tt r tastara , st |t tr It, | srat| 1 , I \ 1 , 1 1 , I ! , 1 1 , I 1 1 , I \
1 a ri r a si r tastara, st |t tr It, | | . | | . 1 , ! t , I 1 , 1 1 , 1 , I 1 1 , t 1
t rIa tt r tastara, m ttar i ta, | srat| 1 , 1 \ \ , 1 I , I , 1 , I 1 1 , I 1
t rIa tt r tastara, m ttar i ta, M a|asi a \ , \ I , ! t , \ ! , 1 , 1 1 , t 1
| astaras, ri r i 1 a 1 1 , I , 1 , \ \ , 1
| astaras, | | . | | . t , I , 1 , I

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
55
i r a tIi t a ti t r . t r sa sIa r ti as Itrm t |a | i |ts | a t st t|i m i r a r tt r
a|Ias Itm j traIa ra, | a m t1 a1 Ii tm j t 1 t tt tti t r . |t s m tIt -
1 t s m a s tIttIi t t s tt m | i r a r t| ta | t r tt r | a | a m t1 a 1 a Ii | i -
t a r 1 t m tr t r Itm j tra Ia ra . | r | a t| a | t ra ti t r 1 t | a | tt| t, t|
] ra r t st tt ti r a 1 a ra r It 1 -1 1 m i r a It s a Itm j tra Ia ra s sa j t-
ri t rts a |t s 1 1 | . | t s ] ra r t s m t |i 1 t s st tt ti r a r a j rtsi t r a
! | 1 a rar It 1 m i r a It s, j trt si ts a j rtsi t r a Im t sItri ta
st r tttsi Ia a r Ii tm j t 1 t tt tti t r 1 t I | t ra s. | a a r 1 t r t st
i r t|a t |a | a m t1 a 1 , st rttt m i tr 1 a t| It sIa 1 t a 1 I 1 | 1 a -
ra r It m i r a It t a r a | t ra a I 1 | , j trt si tm j rt st ta i 1 a 1 t
r t It sIa r tt ttsi t a m tr It t| ] ra r t j a ts | a s j rt Iti r a s st j a t-
1 tr 1 tsr a Ia ra | i t a r, It rr a r 1 t st i r st | a | | ts 1 i sm i r a tr 1 t | a
1 i ] tsIi | i |i 1 a 1 .
| a|m i t| t
| sIt Ira It 1 t |a j a|m a rta| st a Ii |i ta tr
|a a|i m tr Iati t r 1 t |t s ttr1 t s j t r r a ts-
Irt s tam j tsi r t s, ]tr tra|m tr It tr
It rm a r aIa ra|, tt m t st | att tr
|t s tt It s j t rti r t s Iam -
| i tr st sa m i r i sIra 1 ts-
j a ts 1 t aj i |t r ar|t , a
|t s ttr1 t s | a t st m ar -
Ii tr tr tsIa| a |a1 t s tr
tt t| i | a tras. | sIas j ratIi tas,
aa r | a t st r t a|i 1 as, r t tm j |tar t|
j rt 1 a tIt 1 t |a m t}t r It rm a.
| a ar 1 t t| j a|m i t| t st stta st | att | ari r a st j a t1 t i r t|a i r tr
|t s j i tr st s t i r tt rj t rar|t a |a m i t| Ii r a| j ara sa m t}t ra tr tr] t-
Ii ta. i tr t t| i r tt r t tr i tr It 1 t | a t r t st j a t1 t sttar m t |tr
j ara ] a ar1 a r|t j t r j tri t 1 t s |ar] t s, j t r| a t st tr rar ti a t ar1 t ,
It 1 t |t ta a| st Ira1 a tt tr i m j t rIar Its j tr1 i 1 as.
| r tsIa1 t Irtstt tt r Ii tr t tt m t j rt m t1 i t ! I , 1 X 1 t Ii | ra | ra Ia,
1 , I X 1 t ta| ti t 1 , \ X 1 t It sIt rt . | | rtsIt 1 t sa tt m j t si ti t r
| rt m aIt |t ] i ta st rtst1 a tr Ia| |as ar tt as 1 t| m ar a a|, tt i 1 tr -
ti ar 1 t | a t ts a r a|i m tr It m a a Ii | aj rt t tt| a| |t.
56
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| t||tIas 1 t tr ti r t | r ti r t a trta s V i r]i r iar a M i ||. |a]attat
| | a r| t | 1 t tr ti r t , j rtstr It st | t tr t t r a s 1 t | a j rt t i r ti a 1 t
| i r ar 1 t| | i t , I|t rttt 1 t m art t -a| ri | sa s Ira It s t | t||t Ias,
st r tt |t r t tr1 t, m a 1 a ra r 1 t stj Ii tm | rt a 1 i ti tm | rt It m a r
a r a tt | t ra ti t r ta sIa 1 t t sta rt . t tt | ttIa r | a } t | t s a r| t | ts,
j t r t| | t ts a r a j ra tIi ta tt m a r tri a r ttr1 t s | a } t tsIa s j | a r Ia -
ti t r ts.
| t s ar i m a|ts | a t | a ttr tt r sa m t 1 t | t||t Ia s 1 t tr ti r t j rtstr -
Iar sa s tarr ts tt r a r sa| t r tsj tti a|, a r tt |t r trtm a tr |a ] rasa
rtsa |Iar m a tt 1 i ti a1 as tr t| m trta1 t i r Itrr ati t r a |. t| ttr1 t
| ri t ||t , Ii j t i | tri tt , st j a t1 t rtt a|t ri t a r tt m t j rt 1 a tIt 1 t
m a t| a attj Ia ti t r ta ar 1 t tr sa si sItm a 1 t a|i m tr Iati t r st i r -
t|a tr tsIt s Ira It s.
| t m arrt sa ! am | t sa Va |] ari s | . | . M rIattat
t tr ta tr Ira tr It 1 a |a i s|a, j ri r ti j a|m tr It tr sa t|t s | a m t1 t s,
tr | as m ar] tr ts 1 t |t s ri t s arrt t s. | | ar| t | I|t rttt tr j ri m a-
t tra sa s Ira It s m a1 a rar tr t| t trar t . | s | a ttt , 1 a |tt, tt r Ii t-
r t a r a stm i ||a ] rar 1 t |t s ttr1 t s |a tt r sa m tr tt r ]rar at i 1 tt
ta ar 1 t |as tr ta tr Irar ata m a |a1 as | a}t |t s ar| t |ts t I|t Iar 1 t
tr | as tt rri tr Its 1 t |t s ri t s.
| tsta1 t
| ts1 t | att a|]a r t s a1 t s, st j rt m a tt t t| i r trtm tr It 1 tsarrt -
| | t 1 t | a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t j t tt s 1 t a ] a a 1 a | tt t r j rt sa s,
m i trt j rtsas, tr t| am | i It 1 t |as |t ta|i 1 a1 ts, tt m a r i 1 a1 ts
tr Ii 1 a1 ts j a ra t| tt r sa m t Iam i |i ar, t| aa It tt r sa m t 1 t |t s Ira-
| a}a 1 t rts |a t tr Ia 1 i rttIa a | a j t | |a ti t r , tt m t j arIt 1 t| j rt -
] ra m a a|i m tr Iari t .
| r t| tt r sa m t | a m a r t st tm j | ta a j rt t i m a 1 a m tr It t| 1 1 X
1 t| a r i m a | . | | rtsIt , tt r sIi Ia i 1 t j t r | a ta | tt a , tt | a s t i stt-
ra s, tt r sIi Ia t a r sa | j rt 1 a tIt 1 t tt tt|tr It ta |i 1 a 1 , j ri r ti -
j a | m tr It j t r t| a | It tt r Itr i 1 t tr j rt Iti r a s 1 t a | It t a | t r
| i t | t ] i tt , t i Ia m i r a s k | , m i r tra | ts, | a t m t} t ra | a tt m -
j t si ti t r r a Iri Ii t a 1 t | a s 1 i tIa s. | a | a ri r a 1 t j tsta 1 t j a t1 t
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
57
tt r Itr tr a r 1 X 1 t m aItri a stta, ! ! X 1 t j rt Iti r a | ra Ia,
\ , \ X 1 t ta |ti t I , X 1 t It sIt rt .
| a i r 1 a sIri a j ts| a tra, tt t j traIi t as t tr Ii 1 a1 ts 1 t1 i ta1 as a |a
j tsta tr t| m ar, t | Ii tr tr ] rar 1 ts tar Ii 1 a1 ts 1 t tsIt sa | j rt 1 a tIt
a| | a t st |t sa m a |a ||am a1 a m t rra||as , | a t rtj rtstr Ia i m j t r-
Iar Its t t |a m tr ts 1 t a|i m tr It s IatIi | |ts 1 t a Ii |i tar tr |a a|i m tr -
Iati t r 1 t It 1 as |as taIt]t ri as 1 t| ttr1 t , aa r | a t tr |a tt| a st
sa ] i trt rtIi rar|t 1 t |a a|i m tr Iati t r a r m ts ar Its 1 t| satri Ii ti t
j ara t|i m i r ar sa sa | t r tr |as tarr ts.
1 a t a ri a1 as It rm as j ara tt r strt ar, j rtj ara r a Ii |i t a r tsIt
a|i m tr It . | t s j ri r ti j a|ts m tIt 1 t s 1 t tt r strt ati t r st r .
| r si |a}t 1 t j tsta1 t . | ara tt r strt ar t| j tsta1 t tr It rm a 1 t
tr si |a}t st j rt tt1 t 1 t |a si ] a i tr It m ar tra. tr a r Iar | a t, a|
| a t st |t a | rtr | a ttt s j t| a t1 t s tr t| It r 1 t , st tt |t tar ta-
m a1 as 1 t j tsta1 t t rtsi 1 a t s 1 t| m i sm t st tsj t |t t rta sa| a|
I ! X tr j rt j t rti t r ts t| a i t a|tr Its a a r a j arIt 1 t sa| Irts
j arIts 1 t j tsta1 t t rtsi 1 a t s. t Itrm i r a tt r a r a ta | i trIa 1 t
sa|, st Iaj a st tt |t ta a r j tst | a t tt m j ri m a |t sa Ii ti tr It
| a]a a r | a tr j rtr sa1 t . | r a t j ti t r ts j rtj arar t| j tsta1 t
tt r |a m i sm a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t sa|, tr a r Iar | a t si r | a ttt s si r
j tst . asi | a t1 ar tr sa|m t r tra, st tt r strt ar j t r |ar] t Ii tm -
j t st a Ii |i t a st] a r |a 1 tm a r 1 a.
a m tr] i r t | j tsta 1 t tr | a m i t| . t j rt ta ra | a t r t Itr ] a
tt r IatIt tt r t| ai rt st tt Irat tr |a m t1 i 1 a tr | a t st
a Ii | i t a j t r | t s ttr1 t s. 1 a j rt 1 a tIt rts | a t sa m tr] tr t|
j tsta1 t tr m i t| ta a r 1 t | t a 1 | a i trtr Irtstt si r r i r ] a r t Irt
j rt ttst 1 t stta 1 t .
| t tti t r sa|a1 t . | tsj a ts st stta a| st | tr Itr 1 a|ts 1 t m ar t-
ra | a t rtti | ar ai rt, st m a t|tr tt r strtar j ara a Ii |i tar|t tr
|t s j i tr st s tri t ||t s | a t st Ia| ri | a tr
| t r i aIt
| a a ] rt Ittr i a 1 t tsIt ta |Ii t t ts | i tr tt r t ti 1 a. | a m a t ri a 1 t
|as t ttts r t st a Ii |i t ar tt rrttIam tr It |as 1 i Itrtr Its j arIts 1 t|
ta |Ii t t tr |a a|i m tr Iati t r 1 t |t s ttr1 t s.
58
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| t| Ia | trta |t t | t r i aIt j rt j i am tr It 1 i t| t , st 1 t| tr a Ii |i tar |as
ra| i tas, |t s | a t r t Itr ]ar Iam a1 t tt m trti a| t |t s | a t sa Irtr
j arIi 1 a ras a t Irt s 1 a1 t s m ttar i tt s tr t| j rt ttst 1 t rttt |tt-
ti t r . | | t | }tIi t t Ia r 1 am tr Ia| ts r t tt m j tIi r tt r |a a|i m tr Ia-
ti t r | a m ar a | a t |t s sa | j rt 1 a tIt s 1 t| ta |Ii t t star a r a
a|Itrr aIi t a ttt r t m i tam tr It | tr tIi ti t sa tr |a a|i m tr Iati t r 1 t
|t s ttr1 t s.
| a m t} t r It rm a 1 t a Ii | i t a r| t ts tt ti 1 t . t j a t1 t t ItrIa r tra -
1 t , ts m a tt r t tr i tr It j i ta r| t tr rt| a r a 1 a s t | a ttr| t | a ri -
r a . | a ra tsIt a | Ii m t j rt j t si It , st stta a | st | , st m a t| t st
i r tt rj t ra a |t s j i tr st s t a |a m i t| Ii r a | j a ra m t}t ra r sa a j t r-
It tr tr] tIi tt . | r |a tt m j t si ti t r r a Iri Ii t a 1 t tsIt a|i m tr It st
rtIi trt a r , 1 X 1 t j rt Iti r a | ra Ia , 1 . 1 I X 1 t ta |ti t 1 , 1 X
1 t It sIt rt , tr | a st stta .
| | | t r i a It | a t st a IttIa j t r It Ia a r rtsa | Ia a m a r] t t| ttr1 t
|t rtt| a t a . t rt1 a tt t| tt r sa m t tt r si 1 tra | |tm tr It st a Itt-
Iar |as taratItri sIi tas t r] ar t |tj Ii tas 1 t |t s a|i m tr It s tt r |t s
| a t st m tt t| a .
| | | t}a tt 1 t | t r i aIt st tm j |ta tt r Irtta tr ti a tr |a a|i m tr Ia-
ti t r 1 t |as ttr1 as |atIar Its, j t r| a t tt r Iri | a t a i r trtm tr Iar |a
j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t |tt| t. k | sa m i r i sIrarst|t Irtstt st |t Ii tr t a r I X
1 t m aItri a stta sa aj t rIt r a Iri Ii t t st rt1 a tt tt r si 1 tra | |t-
m tr It, m i tr Iras | a t si st stta m a t|t, ] arar Ii t a a r m a t r
tt r sa m t j t r |t s ttr1 t s st j a t1 t i r tt rj t rar a |t s j i tr st s tr
It rm a 1 t | ari r a tt r a r aj t rIt 1 t t X 1 t m aItri a stta, 1 , t X
1 t | | , , ! 1 X 1 t | a 1 , I 1 X 1 t |. | | tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t Ii | ra | ra Ia
j trm i It | asIa a r 1 - ! X 1 t i r t|a si t r tr |t s j i tr st s j ara a 1 a |-
It s, trtti m i tr It tt| a.
| a ar 1 t |a si tm | ra st 1 i ri ] t tsj tti Ii tam tr It a |a a|i m tr Ia ti t r
1 t |t s ttr1 t s, st rttt m i tr 1 a tsIrtt| ar t| m artt 1 t si tm | ra tr t|
tam t||t r t ta||t, j ara t | Itr tr |a m a t r tar Ii 1 a1 1 t It ||a}t, | a t
ts tr si |a j arIt m as i m j t rIar It 1 t |a j |a r Ia.
Ya ta M ar i | t I tsta |tr Ia trar It
| sIt ta |Ii t t st j a t1 t stm | rar It 1 t t| a1 t aa r | a t |a m t}t r tj t -
ta ts 1 t r t t i tm | rt a tr trt .
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
59
| a rai t 1 t tsIt ta |Ii t t ts |a j a rIt 1 t |a j |a r Ia | a t tt r sa m t t|
| t m | rt. | | ttr1 t 1 t| t tt r sa m i r |as ra| i tas, a| a t||as | a t sa -
Irtr j arIi 1 a ras a t Irt s 1 a1 t s m ttar i tt s 1 a rar It |a tt stt| a, |as
| a t st rtt| a t ar j t r sa Iam a1 t j t| a t1 t | as | a t r t st a| |ar -
1 ar 1 a rar It |a tt tti t r . | a s j |ar Ia ti t r ts ] tr tra| m tr It j rt 1 a -
ttr tr Irt - 1 X 1 t sa | j rt 1 a tIt s.
| a a ta j a t1 t str a r j rt 1 a tIt i m j t rIar It j ara |a a|i m tr Ia ti t r
1 t | t s ttr1 t s si a| j rtj ara r|a st tt r si 1 tra t| ta m j |i m i tr It 1 t
a | ] a r a s m t 1 i 1 a s | a t | a | i | t rt r 1 t | tt r It r i 1 t 1 t a ti 1 t
ti ar | i 1 ri tt . | a t1 t aj t rIar tr | ast stta, t| I X 1 t j rt Iti r a | ra -
Ia, 1 , 1I X 1 t ta|ti t 1 , X 1 t It sIt rt , tt r a r | a tr r i t t| 1 t
tr tr] i a 1 i ] tsIi | i |i 1 a1 .
| a ra tt r strt a r| a , st j i ta tr ra | a r a 1 a s, st ra | | a t m a t| t st
j t r t a | st | tr Irt \ I I | t ra s. | t tsIa It rm a st j a t1 t i r tt r-
j t ra r tr It rm a 1 t | a ri r a a | t s j i tr st s tr | a m t1 i 1 a 1 t | a s
r tttsi 1 a 1 t s Ia m | i tr j a ra m t} t ra r t| t a | t r tr tr] t Ii tt 1 t | a
m i t| Ii r a| . | a | ari r a 1 t a ta stta st a|m attr a tt r r t m as 1 t
a r I X 1 t | a m t1 a 1 .
| a | a ri r a 1 t a ta j a t1 t sa sIi Ia i r a | a m i t| Ii r a | j a ra ta | ri r
It Ia|m tr It |as r tttsi 1 a1 ts 1 t tr tr] i a 1 t |t s ttr1 t s ta ar 1 t
r t st 1 i sj t r ] a 1 t t st a | i m t r It . | r | t s j i t r st s j a ra
rtj rt 1 a tIt rts, ttr1 t s tr trtti m i tr It |a tt| a st a Ii |i t a tr
j rt j t rti t r ts i m j t rIa r Its. | a s 1 i tIa s 1 t , \ ! I , I | ] I a r i -
m a|I1 i a j a t1 tr sa sIi Ia i r |a m i t|. K a r ta st 1 t| t t ItrIar }a r It
a| a] a a tr | a t st tt ti r t m tr t s aa r t| a] a a tt r a ta tra -
1 a t | a ta sta ra , j t r t| a | It tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t ti a r a rt | t s m a t -
rts ri ts] t s 1 t i r It t i ta ti t r .
|t ||a}t 1 t a ta. | | tt r Itr i 1 t 1 t ati 1 t ti ar | i 1 ri tt tr t| It ||a}t 1 t
|a j |ar Ia ts m a t r | a t tr |a rai t , j t r Iar It st 1 t| tr tt Irtm ar
|t s ta i 1 a1 t s. i r tm | ar] t , 1 ts1 t t| j a r It 1 t t i sIa r a Iri ti t r a| ts
i m j t rIar It. a m t}t r a st ts tt rIar t| It ||a}t ar Its 1 t |a tt stt| a,
1 1 tm j t r 1 t| a}t 1 t| a |Ii m t Ia||t , m t |tr|t sttar|t a| st | 1 a rar -
It I I | t ras. t i r tt rj t ra a |t s j i tr st s, tt r a r t X 1 t m aItri a
stta, a r X 1 t | | , , 1 X 1 t ta|ti t 1 , I ! X 1 t It sIt rt , a1 tm as
1 t t Irt s m i r tra|ts t i Iam i r as, | t r sa tt r Itr i 1 t tr Ii | ra , st
i r t|a t a r 1 - ! X tr |a rati t r 1 t ar i m a|ts a1 a |It s, trtti m i tr -
It tt| a.
60
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| a ra a r j t rti ta | It r, | t m a s t t t r t m i t t t s a Ii | i t a r | t s
sa | j rt 1 a tIt s t rtsi 1 a t s r t tt m j tIi r tt r |a a | i m tr Ia ti t r
| a m a r a . K t t | sIa r It, ta a r 1 t r t st 1 i sj t r t si sItm aIi ta m tr It
1 t m i t| t r t st Ii tr t ta 1 a r i j t si | i | i 1 a 1 ts 1 t stm | ra r| a , st
1 t| t rtta rri r a tsIt ta | Ii t t j a ra a | i m tr Ia r | t s ttr1 t s. | a ra
t||t , | a | a t tsIrtt| ar t| m artt 1 t si tm | ra | a| i Ia a|, st tt rIa
a |t s \ m tsts 1 t stm | ra1 a st 1 a t Irt 1 tsj a ts 1 t ! -t m tsts,
|t s | a t a j t rIa r a r m a t r t t |a m tr 1 t a |i m tr It j t r a rta stm -
| ra 1 a .
| | aIa r t
| | j |aIar t tt r sIi Ia t t Ira t ari ar It j ara a|i m tr Iar a |t s ttr1 t s,
a1 tm as 1 t Itr tr a|] a r t s tIttIt s m t1 i ti r a|ts. | r |a a|i m tr Ia-
ti t r , st tm j |tar |as | t }as Irtstas t st tt rIa tr j t1 att s t|
sta 1 t Ia||t t t| t j t . j ara a r m t}t r aj rt t tt| am i tr It 1 t am | t s
st j i tar tr j t1 at t s j t| a t1 t s st j t r tr tr |t s tt m t1 trt s tr
|a ] ar 1 t| j i st .
i st m a t| t r tsIt s j rt 1 a tIt s st stta r a | st | j a ra sa i r t| a -
si t r tr Irt a r 1 - ! X tr |t s j i tr st s 1 t |t s a r i m a | ts m a t rts
1 t I 1 1 i a s. , tt r t| | t st a j t rIa a r t X 1 t m a Itri a stta , X
1 t j rt Iti r a | ra Ia , , I X 1 t ta | ti t 1 , I I X 1 t It sIt rt .
| t s Ira It s Iam | i tr st j a t1 tr a Ii |i t ar, j ri r ti j a|m tr It a| a t||t s
rati m t s r t aj rt t tt| a| |ts 1 t j |ar Ias | a t st tatr j t r Itr t m t-
r t s r aIa ra|ts a t Iras taa sas. | | Ira It m a1 a rt Ii tr t m tr t s Iar i r t
m a t r j a| aIa| i |i 1 a1 .
1 Irt s sa | j rt 1 a tIt s a] ri tt |as
| t |t t 1 t k rrt t. | | ta |Ii t t 1 t| arrt t st | a j t j a |ari t a1 t , Ia r 1 a-
m tr Ia|m tr It j ara t| aa It tt r sa m t | a m ar t .
| r t| j rt ttst 1 t 1 tsta sta ra 1 t st tm j | ta r , rt] a | a rm tr It, m a -
| a i r a s j t| a t1 a s | a t r t Ii tr tr a r a ] ra r tIi ti tr ti a tr ta a r -
It a |a j rt j t rti t r 1 t arrt t tr Itrt | a t |t ] rar 1 tItrm i r a a r
a|It r i t t| 1 t j t |t t ta| tti ||a | a t tr |a m a t ri a 1 t | t s tast s
sa |t m tt t| a 1 a . | sIt j rt 1 a tIt ts a r | a tr a |i m tr It j a ra |t s
ttr1 t s, aj t rIa a r 1 - X 1 t |. | , 1 , 1 X 1 t | a 1 , 1 1 t It sIt rt
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
61
|t s j t rttr Ia }ts 1 t Ii | ra t a ri a r tr 1 tj tr 1 tr ti a 1 t |a j rt -
j t rti t r 1 t ta | tti | | a j rtstr It tr t| j t | t t t -I X . | a t1 t It r-
m a r j a rIt 1 t | t s j i t r st s | a t st j rt j a ra r j a ra It 1 a s | a s
taIt] t ri as 1 t ar i m a|ts.
| t rra} ts. Pasto Estrella Mejorada, Malva de Cochino y Bledo
Blanco: | | si sItm a 1 t j asIt rtt tr |a tri a 1 t |t s ttr1 t s tr | a | a
Iam | i tr tr t Irt s j ai sts st i r trtm tr Ia, Iar It tr si sItm as i r Itr -
si t t s tt m t tt Itr si t t s, r t st |am tr It j t r |a i r I|a tr ti a | a t j a t-
1 ar Itr tr j ara |a sa|a 1 1 t |t s ar i m a|ts, si r t Ia m | i tr tr |a
rt1 a tti t r 1 t |t s tt sIt s 1 t j rt 1 a tti t r .
| a t ItrIa 1 t j asIt s 1 t | a tr a ta| i 1 a1 , tt m t t| tsIrt|| a m t}t ra1 a,
m a|t a 1 t tt t| i r t | |t1 t | | ar tt , ts a r a t j ti t r attrIa1 a j t r |a
a|Ia j a|aIa| i |i 1 a1 , t| aj t rIt tr t i Iam i r as m i r tra|ts, |a rt1 a t-
ti t r tr |t s tt sIt s 1 t a|i m tr Iati t r , |a m t}t ra 1 t |a sa|a 1 , t| 1 t-
sarrt ||t 1 t |t s ttr1 t s a|] a r t s aa It rts j |ar Itar |a m t}t ra tr t|
t a|t r | i t |t ] i tt 1 t sa s tarr ts.
| t s ttr1 t s | a t t a r a | a tt| a 1 tsj a ts 1 t | a | tr j a sa 1 t a r
Ii tm j t tr j asIt rtt , tt m tr m a t r tar Ii 1 a1 1 t a|i m tr It s, | a t
1 tItrm i r a a r a a m tr It m a t r m a s ra j i 1 t tr t| j tst t i t t .
| a t1 tr j asIar Iam | i tr tr arta s 1 tsj a ts 1 t rttt ] i 1 a |as tt -
stt| a s 1 t | t r i a It , m a |a r ] a t Irt s Ia | trta |t s ra i tts, 1 t r -
1 t a j rt t tt| a r |t s rtsi 1 a t s, ra | i sa s | a s | i tr| a s | a t si tm j rt
Ii tr tr |t s Itrrtr t s.
| i r ] -| ra s s. | a s a r i 1 a 1 t s j t rt i r a s 1 t t i t | t t t m j | t It ,
tt t| i | a tra s, 1 t| tr tt r Iar tt r artas 1 t | i r ] -| rass. | sIt It -
rra }t Ii tr t a r | a tr tt m j t rIa m i tr It j a t1 t rtr 1 i r m a s 1 t
I I j t r | a Ia 1 t , 1 | | Itt r1 t | . , tt r a r i m j t rIa r It a j t rIt
1 t j rt Iti r a s, t i Ia m i r a s m i r tra | ts, j ri r ti j a | m tr It j a ra | t s
ttr1 t s a 1 a |It s.
| as taratItri sIi ta s | rt m a It |t ] i tas 1 t |t s j ri r ti j a|ts a|i m tr It s
1 t t ri ] tr t t] tIa| | a t st j a t1 tr a sar tr |a a| i m tr Iati t r j t rti r a
st j rtstr Iar tr |a a| |a I 1 .
62
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
a| |a I 1 . | t m j t si ti t r | rt m aIt |t ] i ta 1 t t ari t s a|i m tr It s t
j rt 1 a tIt s 1 t| k | | 1
| a tr It. | t m | a, k . | | | | 1 | , M i r i sItri t 1 t | a k ]ri ta | Ia ra, | a | a.

| | 1 | | | 1
X
M
X
| |
| r t r] i a
M } t a |t
| . M
X
| i | ra

| | 1 | | | 1
X
M
X
| |
| r t r] i a
M } t a |t
| . M
X
| i | ra
k tt|] a I , 1 1 , - , ! | a ||tIa s rttt rIts I , 1 I , 1 1 , t 1 t , 1
k ]a a ta It | I 1 , 1 , \ ! , t I , ! | a ||i r a t a ! , 1 1 , 1 1 , t 1 t , 1
k }i m a 1 a rt 1 , I , 1 ! , t 1 , 1 | a r| ar t t s 1 1 , 1 I 1 , \ - , !
k |] t 1 t r | a r. tm i ||a 1 1 , 1 \ , 1 , 1 1 1 , \ | i ra st | 1 a r, | t I, M tt 1 , I 1 1 , 1 - -
k |] t 1 t r stm i ||a 1 I , \ I ! , 1 , t 1 I 1 , ! | i ra st | stm i ||a tr Itra 1 , I I , I 1 , 1 -
k |] t 1 t r It rIa stm i ||a , 1 I , I , t 1 , I | |i ti r a Irtsta I , I ! , \ I , I 1 I ,
k rrt t ta | tti ||a I, , 1 , I , t 1 , | a a a| a , ta stara | s 1 1 , 1 I , \ - -
k rrt t j t |t t 1 1 , ! I , I 1 , 1 I , 1 1 i tr| a 1 t j ra 1 t , 1 I , - 1 \ , 1
k t ts, 1 tsj . M a Ia1 trt 1 1 , 1 I I , - , I 1 a tst s, | ari r a 1 t 1 ! , 1 I , I , 1 1 I , 1
k t ts, rtsi 1 . M a Ia 1 trt 1 1 , 1 t 1 , 1 t , \ 1 I , ! 1 a tt t s K t | t m trti a | 1 1 , 1 ! , I - -
k ta tar tra 1 t 1 1 , 1 - I , 1 1 - | i r ]-| ra ss Irtstt t , ! , \ , 1 1 I , 1
| t rm a 1 a tra t a1 a | I 1 \ , 1 1 , I 1 - I , 1 | i r ]-| ra ss I 1 1 i as t , 1 \ , ! - -
| t r i aIt | t}a tt Irtstt , 1 1 , 1 I , I 1 1 , | tt| t, a trt 1 t t , ! , 1 - 1 , 1
| t r i aIt | t}a tt stta 1 t 1 I , I , \ 1 - - | tt| t, a trt 1 t | a tst I , ! 1 , t - -
| t r i aIt st tt a | a i rt , 1 \ , ! 1 - 1 , 1 | ta ta tr a I 1 , 1 I \ , 1 - -
| t r i aIt Ia | trt. Irtstt 1 1 , 1 \ , I 1 - - M ai t ] ra r t , I I , 1 - I , 1
| t r i aIt Ia | trt. ttt 1 , 1 1 , ! 1 1 , I 1 - M ai t | a ri r a , I I , ! , 1 1 , I
| a 1 a , | a a ra j t Irtstt \ , 1 - ! , 1 1 - M a|a r ] a | I I I , , 1 \ , I 1 , I
| a ta t It rIa 1 1 , t I I , 1 - - M a|a r ] a a | trta |t I \ , 1 1 , 1 - I , 1
| a It j a |j a stta 1 1 , 1 , I \ , 1 1 - M ar i ra sIrt }t tt stt| a I , 1 1 , 1 1 , I I 1 ,
| a |a | a t a tr Itra | I 1 , 1 , I I , 1 1 , t M ar ] t tm i ||a tr Itra ! , 1 I , I - -
| a r a t a|i a | a ri r a , 1 1 , I , t 1 1 , 1 M ara 1 t r | s 1 , \ 1 , - \ ,
| a ra m t|t s 1 tsj . I , 1 ! , I - - M t|t r I , I 1 , ! , I ! 1 , !
| a rr a ta Irtsta 1 I , , I ! , 1 - M i t| | I ! , 1 - I , 1 -
| a rr a ta stta 1 1 , 1 I ! , t 1 , 1 1 - M i t| | i r a | I \ , I 1 , 1 1 , 1 -
| a rr t tt r | a tst | a ri r a 1 1 , 1 ! , 1 1 , 1 1 1 , M i ||t ] rar t 1 , 1 I , t , I , !
| a rr t | ari r a 1 t Iar ta}t 1 , \ ! , 1 - - K a m t Ia | trta |t ! , 1 1 , 1 - -
| t| . | ts. | trt tt a stta 1 1 , 1 t , I - - | a|m i t| t t , ! 1 , I - I I ,
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Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
63
k | | k I . k j t rIt 1 t r a Iri tr Its 1 t m aItri as j ri m as r ati t r a |ts
P
No.

MS

PB

Grasa

FB

EM

Ca TO as

MET
MET-
CIST

LIS

TRIP

TREO
1 Arroz polvo 90.50 12.70 13.00 12.00 2.07 0.06 1.60 0.48 0.23 0.33 0.49 0.10 0.47
2 Arroz, cascara 90.52 2.88 3.83 42.90 0.88 0.15 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.04 0.09
3 Arroz con
cascara
87.00 8.00 2.01 8.60 2.75 0.05 0.26 0.10 0.16 0.35 0.28 0.09 0.28
4 Arroz con
salvado
90.00 12.80 13.80 11.60 2.52 0.07 1.40 0.14 0.22 0.42 0.56 0.13 0.44
5 Arroz partido 89.00 7.80 10.50 1.20 3.20 0.04 0.15 0.02 0.20 0.33 0.30 0.12 0.30
6 Arroz, paja 91.00 4.50 1.40 35.10 0.77 0.21 0.08 0.04
7 Almidn 90.00 0.40 3.76
8 Aceite
acidulado
95.00 99.00 7.60
9 Aceite salsa de
soya
81.24 24.37 3.00
10 Aceite fondaje 98.30 41.43 5.00
11 Aceite jab.
s/acidular
71.10 0.94 22.10 3.00 1.29 0.05
12 Aceite de
cachaza
99.00 99.00 7.30
13 Aceite Tiburon 99.00 99.00 7.80
14 Aceite vegetal 99.00 99.00 7.80
15 Azcar 99.00 3.90
16 Bagazo 88.25 1.35 0.40 49.00 0.80 0.70 1.18
17 Bagacillo 83.25 13.05 0.90 45.00 0.80 0.13 0.10
18 Boniato 31.00 10.00 1.30 7.70 3.32 0.09 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.09
19 Boniato bejuco
seco
85.75 15.60 4.59 20.93 1.00 2.60 0.39
20 Boniato hojas 15.90 17.00 3.80 32.20 0.80 2.60 0.32
21 Aguacate
semillla
41.00 4.90 3.80 5.90 2.18 0.04 0.20
22 Aguacate
cascara
24.00 6.90 34.90 24.50 2.20 0.11 0.18
23 Aguacate
harina
91.00 20.30 1.20 19.30 1.00
24 Algarrobo
fruto
88.00 5.00 2.40 7.80 1.87 0.65 0.10 0.03
25 Algarrobo
germen
90.00 45.40 9.70 4.50 1.87 0.60 0.95 0.31 0.35 0.88 2.44 0.05 1.28
26 Alga spirulina 93.00 61.70 5.50 0.10 1.00 0.40
27 Alga chelorelia 93.00 45.00 6.00 0.10 1.40 0.70 1.00 3.10 0.90 1.80
28 Alga
Scenedesmus
93.00 51.00 6.50 11.00 1.50 0.40 0.70 1.30 2.70 0.80 2.40
29 Cachaza 47.00 5.58 1.21 5.37 4.50 2.90
30 Cachaza
Gicabu
90.39 7.16
31 Calabaza 9.00 16.20 8.90 14.20 2.04 0.24 0.43
32 Carbonato de
calico
99.00 38.00
33 Caliza
fosfatada
99.00 34.70 0.44
34 Cscara de
huevo freca
99.00 7.50 35.00 0.12
35 Camada
csc.arroz cer.
79.54 14.93 4.90 11.40 1.29 6.50 1.10 0.20
36 Camada viruta
Madera
80.08 15.07 2.80 14.60 1.29 6.50 1.30 0.20
37 Camada zeolita 84.09 13.14 4.40 11.40 1.29 5.80 1.10 0.20
38 Conchas
marinas
99.00 37.60 0.07
39 Concha ostin 99.00 38.00 0.05
40 Carne harina 93.00 50.50 10.00 2.75 9.30 4.50 3.60 0.71 1.21 2.83 0.29 1.67
41 Carne y hueso
harina
91.00 49.00 13.00 2.80 1.96 8.10 4.10 3.28 0.67 1.31 2.80 0.29 1.60
42 Cacao
cscarilla
90.00 16.50 4.50 18.60 0.04 0.38 0.90
43 Caf cascara 94.00 11.60 0.17 0.26 0.20
44 Clitoria
semillas
89.71 34.00 51.00 14.09 0.20 0.45 2.73 1.05
45 Clitoria forraje 20.00 1.47 0.98
46 Col 13.00 2.30 0.30 2.20 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.01 0.06
47 Ctricos pulpa 18.00 7.30 9.70 15.60 1.89

64
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
P
No.

MS

PB

Grasa

FB

EM

Ca TO as

MET
MET-
CIST

LIS

TRIP

TREO
48 Ctricos pulpa
desh
91.00 6.70 3.70 12.70 1.89 2.07 0.13 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.25 0.06 0.21
49 Ctricos
ensilaje pulpa
21.00 7.30 9.70 15.60 1.89 2.04 0.15
50 Destilera
subprod
92.00 41.80 1.90 3.00 2.27 0.35 1.50 1.00 0.65 1.11 3.15 0.46 2.04
51 Destil. Sol.
Desh.
91.00 26.90 7.90 6.20 2.27 0.16 0.70 0.60 0.54 0.91 0.70 0.21 0.97
52 Frjoles cascara 89.10 6.18 1.60 45.00 0.90 1.87 0.15
53 Frjoles 85.80 21.10 2.10 5.70 1.70
54 Fruta pan 26.00 1.20 1.50 4.60 0.03 0.03
55 Dolichos
semillas
87.61 23.00 3.20 1.73 0.81 0.27 1.54 0.80
56 Girasol harina 91.20 30.00 2.50 22.00 1.60 0.35 0.90 0.27 0.61 1.11 1.04 0.35 1.07
57 Gramneas
harina
88.00 4.00 1.30 42.00 0.47 0.09 0.12 0.20 0.01 0.18
58 Gallinaza
ponedora jaula
86.94 16.30 5.40 16.20 0.59 7.50 1.70 0.50 0.12 0.33 0.39 0.53 0.40
59 Gallinaza
reemp. Jaula
80.00 30.70 0.50 18.30 1.00 2.30 2.10 0.80 0.12 0.33 0.39 0.53 0.40
60 Gallinaza ceba
jaula
82.74 25.30 2.80 16.80 1.09 1.90 1.70 0.50 0.13 0.27 0.49 0.52
61 Garanver 78.08 15.84 13.34 51.35 1.60 0.52
62 Harina de
acicula de pino
92.06 6.00 4.63 44.68 1.60 0.30 0.66 0.20 0.52
63 Hde coco
desgrasada
93.00 22.00 6.00 12.00 1.49 0.17 0.60 0.30 0.33 0.53 0.54 0.20 0.60
64 Harina de
hueso
94.00 20.00 8.60 1.60 23.00 12.70 10.80 0.14 0.32 0.70 0.07 0.70
65 Harina de
rumen
86.81 15.94 4.44 22.53 2.11 2.60 0.39 0.26 0.64 0.73 0.20 0.57
66 Harina de
plumas
93.00 85.80 3.50 2.57 0.20 0.60 0.60 0.53 4.08 1.84 0.43 3.91
67 H. matadero
aves
90.00 60.00 24.00 2.50 3.00 1.70 1.60 1.36 1.15 2.07 2.19 0.44 1.95
68 H. resid
p/incub
94.00 27.20 12.20 1.67 16.50 0.52 0.45 0.64 1.20 1.37 0.35 1.03
69 H. hierba seca 91.00 8.10 3.70 21.00 0.70 0.42 0.40 0.27 0.44 0.75 0.28
70 Harina de yuca 85.00 2.20 0.70 5.20 3.44 0.20 0.15 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.06
71 H. de soya
grano entero
89.00 37.00 18.00 6.00 3.75 0.25 0.57 0.11 0.52 1.15 2.35 0.48 1.44
72 H. de soya
desg.
89.20 42.00 1.50 6.70 2.42 0.27 0.63 0.19 0.56 1.14 2.76 0.56 1.90
73 Harina de
pescado
91.00 55.00 10.00 1.00 3.24 4.00 2.20 1.87 1.83 2.25 4.57 0.69 2.56
74 Henequenina 87.92 15.00 5.60 20.76 1.00 5.00 0.16
75 Larva de
mosca
sinsustrato
92.66 59.70 19.00 2.00 3.60
76 Larva ms
cscara de
arroz
87.24 14.00 9.55 19.49 0.43
77 Larva ms
gallinaza
92.08 10.44 5.20 17.53 1.01
78 Larva,
gallinaza y
sangre
95.22 15.17 10.82 17.14 0.70
79 Larva y
afrechillo
93.51 17.30 10.89 11.68 1.86
80 Larva,
afrechillo,
sangre
91.54 18.37 11.78 11.68 2.26
81 Leucaena
harina hojas
88.64 7.00 15.67 2.15 0.17
82 Levaduras
torulas
90.00 44.00 2.50 1.00 2.40 0.50 1.35 0.90 0.67 1.25 3.36 0.44 2.29
83 Lechugas seca
polvo
90.00 20.90 5.00 12.70 1.25
84 Maz 86.00 8.50 3.50 2.50 3.30 0.01 0.27 0.05 0.18 0.36 0.23 0.05 0.30
85 Maz planta
entera
27.00 2.40 0.70 5.90 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.09
86 Maz germen 91.90 18.10 0.90 6.90 1.70 0.30 1.40 0.15 0.41 0.70 0.90 0.30 0.80
87 Maz gluten 90.00 58.00 2.00 2.50 3.45 0.02 0.07 0.02 1.90 3.00 1.00 0.25 2.50
88 Maz salvado 86.00 10.10 0.40 6.40 2.80 0.30 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.41 0.38
89 Miel final 77.20 4.20 0.20 2.00 0.80 0.10
90 Miel A 81.00 2.62 1.00 0.03
91 Miel B 81.00 2.20 1.00 0.03
92 Miel rica 76.00 1.40 2.80
93 Melaza ctrico 67.70 5.70 0.20 1.20
94 Malanga 27.00 1.70 0.30 1.30 1.01 0.04 0.01

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
65
| a tr It. | | k , rtt i sIa k| |k , 1 1 I .
P
No.

MS

PB

Grasa

FB

EM

Ca TO as

MET
MET-
CIST

LIS

TRIP

TREO
95 Meln semilla 91.50 9.10 19.10 45.90 1.45
96 Meln 4.10 11.50 3.30 23.00 1.63
97 Nabo raz 9.00 14.00 2.10 11.80 2.00 0.64 0.21
98 Nabo raz hoja 13.00 21.80 2.60 10.30 1.50 2.92 0.51
99 ame 25.00 2.50 0.70 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.11
100 Palmiche 90.00 18.50 15.00 31.70 1.24 0.28 0.60 0.09 0.32 0.70 0.66 0.19 0.61
101 Pltano verde
entero
21.00 1.20 0.30 0.60 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.04
102 Pltano verde
ensilado
29.00 1.50 1.50
103 Pltano
maduro entero
22.00 1.30 0.20 0.80 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.60 0.05
104 Pltano hoja 87.09 7.00 9.25 26.80 1.72 0.12
105 Pia entera 14.70 2.70 1.40 2.70 1.89 0.14 0.07
106 Pia, cscara y
desecho
16.00 10.00 3.10 23.10 1.94
107 Pajumel 89.89 4.00 7.92 34.25 1.20 1.15 1.46
108 Remolacha
forrajera
13.00 1.40 0.20 1.00 1.92 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.03
109 Remolacha
pulpa
90.00 8.80 1.00 18.00 2.00 0.09 0.11 0.04 0.07 0.13 0.54 0.09 0.39
110 Sacharina
industrial
89.40 12.50 6.67 55.20 1.60
111 Sacharina
rstica
79.40 10.30 5.93 43.70 1.60
112 Sirope off 75.00 0.40 2.57
113 Sorgo mata
completa
93.63 8.36 4.53 37.50 3.87
114 Sorgo pancula
grano
95.84 9.65 3.29 11.75 3.69
115 Sorgo grano 96.04 9.66 3.72 8.27 3.69 0.03 0.30 0.05 0.16 0.33 0.23 0.09 0.33
116 Sebo de res 99.00 100.00 7.44
117 Sangre harina 90.00 84.00 1.10 3.00 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.93 1.68 7.62 1.06 4.00
118 Tomate
desecho seco
92.00 23.50 10.30 26.40 1.25 0.44 0.59
119 Tomate
desecho
ensilado
29.50 19.20 14.60 44.90 1.43 0.59 0.47
120 Tomate tallo 14.00 26.40 1.70 15.40 1.04
121 Tomate 6.00 16.40 5.00 9.10 1.54 0.16 0.49
122 Tomate pulpa
deshidratada
93.00 21.00 10.00 25.00 1.76 0.40 0.57 0.23 0.01 0.01 1.60 0.20 0.70
123 Tabaco semilla 97.74 24.00 6.62 26.85 0.18 0.44
124 Vermiharina 91.42 62.27 9.40 3.58 0.55 1.00 2.20 3.80 4.30
125 Zanahoria
entera
13.00 10.30 1.40 9.10 1.94 0.37 0.32 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.01
126 Zanahoria
desecho
16.00 13.10 3.80 18.10 1.70 1.94 0.19

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Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
67
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68
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
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1 t | as t ai r as j a ts i r tt rj t rar m a t| a Ii | ra | a t aIttIa |a ta| i 1 a1
1 t tsIt a|i m tr It |t] a m i r t st .
| ara |a tt| a 1 t |t s ar i m a|ts 1 t It rm a tsIa| a |a1 a st tt r sIra i ra
a r a r at t 1 t m a1 tra rt1 t r 1 a Itt| t 1 t ]a ar t . t j a t1 t | a| i -
|i Iar a r ta arIt r | a t rt1 a t ta |a m t t i |i 1 a1 1 t |t s ar i m a|ts 1 a -
rar It t| j tri t 1 t 1 t tt| a. |a tar Ii 1 a1 tsIara tr tt rrtsj t r 1 tr ti a
1 t | a taj ati 1 a1 1 t |a r at t t ta a rIt r r t st j trm i Ii ra |a i r tt r-
j t ra ti t r 1 t r a tt t s i r 1 i t i 1 a t s | a sIa | a t r t Ii r a|i tt t| ti t| t 1 t
tr ] t r1 t, | a t 1 a ra aj rt t i m a1 am tr It, 1 t \ a ! m tsts.
| ri a i r Itr si t a a| ai rt |i | rt | | k |
| r tsIt si sItm a |t s ar i m a|ts tt m tr It 1 t s |t s a|i m tr It s r tttsa-
ri t s j ara a r a j rt 1 a tti t r i r Itr si t a. | t s a|i m tr It s st j rt 1 a ttr
tr | as j rt j i as Ii trras 1 t| j rt 1 a tIt r, | a t i r t|a t a r arta j ara
j asIt rtt , | a m aItrr i 1 a1 , a r a r at t j ara tt| ar |as tri as tr It rm a
tsIa| a |a1 a t Iras artas 1 tsIi r a1 as a |t s ar i m a|ts tr trtti m i tr It ,
|as j a trtas r t j ari 1 as |t s stm tr Ia|ts. | as t tr Ia}as m as i m -
j t rIar Its | a t r t s j rt j t rti t r a tsIa m t 1 a|i 1 a1 ts |a | a}a i r t tr-
si t r tr i r sIa|ati t r tsI rtj rt 1 a tIt ra, |a rt1 a tti t r 1 t |t s tt sIt s,
t| i r trtm tr It 1 t| | i tr tsIar 1 t | t s ar i m a|ts a|It s i r 1 i ta1 t rts
1 t tIi ti tr ti a j rt 1 a tIi t a. .
| | r a m t rt 1 t rt j rt 1 a tIt ra s, j rt It ri | | tm t r It 1 t| t st r
m a |Ii j |t 1 t I , 1 tj tr 1 t 1 t |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t a|i m tr It s |t s
sa | j rt 1 a tIt s a] ri tt |as, i r 1 a sIri a|ts, j tsta 1 t m tsIi tt s 1 i s-
j t r i | |ts tr |a rt] i t r . | as rtj rt 1 a tIt ras tr Irar a| si sItm a a
m t1 i 1 a | a t st 1 i sj t r ] a 1 t tst s a| i m tr It s. | r tsIt j rt ttst ,
st j rt 1 a ttr sa | j rt 1 a tIt s a|i m tr Ii ti t s | a t st j a t1 tr a Ii |i -
t ar tr |a tri ar t a 1 t t Iras tsj tti ts, j ri r ti j a|m tr It, at ts ] a-
||i r as, j t ||t s, j aIt s , t t t}as, ta| ras, t atas j ara |tt| t, | a t ts,
tt r t}t s, j ttts, Iar It j ara |a tt m trti a|i tati t r tt m t j ara
t| a a It tt r sa m t .
| a a r i 1 a1 1 i sj t r 1 ra 1 t a] a a sa Ii ti tr It j ara |as |a| t rts 1 t
|i m j i tt a t| a| asIt . , a rat t r 1 t ! 1 |i Irt sIar i m a|
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
69
| as tastIas j ara |t s ar i m a |ts tr | a rtj rt 1 a tti t r , tri as tr
trtti m i tr It , strar m t t i |ts j ara ]arar Ii tar t| aj rt t tt| am i tr -
It 1 t |t s ra t s st |arts tr |a | i ] i tr i tati t r .
| | a } t t t t Ittr i tt . | r |as artas 1 t ta | ri ti t r tt r Ii rm ati t r , |as
m t r Ias st 1 i ri ] tr , tt r Irt |a r |as tt rrtsj t r 1 i tr Its a ta1 a m ts
st | attr tr a r |aj st 1 t \ -I 1 i as. | t s t trratt s r t tt r t i t i rar
tt r |as j a trtas aa r | a t j trm ar tttrar ttrta 1 t |as m i sm as.
| a | atIar ti a ts 1 t ! stm ar as tt m t j rt m t1 i t , tt r si 1 trar 1 t t|
tt m j t rIam i tr It 1 t |a tam a1 a. | ara t| It Ia| 1 t | tm | ras tr |a
m aItrr i 1 a1 st ta|ta |ara I 1 X 1 t |a s rtj rt 1 a tIt ras, | a t rt Iar
j t r a r It Ia| 1 t \ ta arIt r ts j ara ] a rar Ii t a r a r | a tr sa m i r i sIrt
1 t j asIt s t tr1 ts Irtstt s. | | arta 1 t rtj rt 1 a tIt ras tr ta | ri -
ti t r , tt r Ii rm ati t r ]tsIati t r Itr 1 rar ta arIt r ts si m i |arts.
| | 1 tsItIt st rta|i ta st]a r t| tsIa1 t 1 t |a tam a1 a, It rm ar 1 t
] ra j t s a r i It rm ts j rt ta rar 1 t m ar Itr tr }a r It s 1 a rar It |a |at-
Iar ti a a |t s | trm ar t s. | tsj a ts 1 t| 1 tsItIt, |t s ar i m a|ts j asar
a |as artas 1 t j rttt| as a 1 ! 1 i as 1 t t1 a1 1 t r 1 t j trm ar tttr
| asIa \ 1 i as, tt r a r a tsIar ti a 1 t \ 1 1 i as tr |a taIt]t ri a. | t s
|t Its rt Iar j t r \ ta arIt r ts |a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t ar i m a|ts aj rt t i m a-
1 am tr It stra 1 t 1 Irtj rt 1 a tIt ra tr tt j |t Iati t r .
| ara |a tt| a st rttt m i tr 1 a |a tsIa| a |ati t r 1 t |t s ar i m a|ts tr
r at ts ra sIi tas, Itt| t 1 t ]a ar t m a1 tra rt1 t r 1 a. | | Iam a1 t 1 t
|a r at t j a t1 t str t| t| a i t a|tr It a |as tt| as j trm ar tr Its j t r
ta1 a rtj rt 1 a tIt ra am | i tr st j a t1 t aj rt t tt| ar ta a|| a i tr t Ira
tt r sIra tti t r si tm j rt | a t ] arar Ii tt t| tsj ati t m i r i m t I ar i m a|
t| Irtr It 1 t tt m t1 trt . | a rar It t| ti t|t j rt 1 a tIi t t st 1 t| t ta m -
j |i r t| j ri r ti j i t It 1 t ||tr t , It 1 t t ati t , st |t st satarar ar i m a|ts
1 t| ] ra j t j t r taa sa s 1 t m a trIt, 1 tstt| t t ta ar 1 t st tr Irt] a tr
j ara t| satri Ii ti t .
| | ttrta1 t j a t1 t str t ari a1 t tr tt rrtsj t r 1 tr ti a tt r |t | a t st
1 i sj t r ] a tr ta1 a |a ] ar, ts 1 tti r. j t sIts t i t t s, ar| t |ts It rra}trt s,
tar1 t r a, ta1 a | rat a, j i t1 ras, a|am | rt 1 t j a as, m a||a 1 t j a tr-
tt s t Irt s.
k rta 1 t rtj rt 1 a tti t r . 1 , 1 t | a j ara t| j asIt rtt , 1 t r 1 t st
] arar Ii ttr t 1 1 m
I
I rtj rt 1 a tIt ra.
70
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
k rta 1 t j rttt1 a. 1 , 1 \ | a t \ 1 1 m
I
I rtj rt 1 a tIt ra.
K at t 1 t tt| a. 1 , 1 1 1 t \ | a, t sta t , \ m
I
I rtj rt 1 a tIt ra. t
r tttsi Ia a1 tm as a r arta 1 t j rtj arati t r 1 t a|i m tr It s a|-
m attr 1 , 1 I | a
k rta a] ri tt |a. sa tt Itr si t r ta |Ii t t s 1 tj tr 1 tra 1 t| Ii j t
1 t tr Ii 1 a 1 j rt 1 a tIi t a | a t 1 tsa rrt | | t | a tri a r t a 1 t ttr1 t s,
j a ts a r a j a rIt 1 t | t s a | i m tr It s j i tr st sttt It rra } ts st
j rtj a ra ra r a j a rIi r 1 t | t s j rt 1 a tIt s | a t | a | i Ia a | m tr It st
tt stt| ar . t 1 t1 i tara tsj tti Ii tam tr It j ara |t s ttr1 t s st |t
a| a t||as artas 1 t ta |Ii t t | a t r t rm a|m tr It r t st j rt 1 a -
ttr tr |a s m i sm as.
| sj t}t 1 t a]a a. i ttrta 1 t| arta r t | a j rtsa t m i trt j rtsa
j ara |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t j tsta1 t , stri a j rt t tt| t st 1 i sj t r tr 1 t
I \ 1 m
I
I rtj rt 1 a tIt ra j a ra j rt 1 a ti r t 1 | ] 1 t | ari r a 1 t
j tsta1 t Ia1 t 1 , 1 | ] I m ts
a t1 a sa j ri m i 1 a |a tr Itrm tri a tr tsIas a r i 1 a1 ts. K t st ta rara
t m | |i ] t , st j a t1 t 1 tstt |m i ||ar aa r | a t r t ts i m j rtsti r 1 i | |t st
aj |i tarar |as m t1 i 1 as j rtt tr Ii t as | a t rt]a |a t| | M V. | s m a
i m j t rIar It a r a tt rrttIa 1 i sj t si ti t r 1 t |t s rtsi 1 a a|ts, r t st |t
tt m t m t1 i 1 a 1 t | i t j rt Ittti t r , si r t j t r| a t st 1 t| tr a Ii |i tar 1 t
t ari a1 as It rm as, tt m t |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t | i t ] as, ItrIi | i t ar It |a
|t m | ri ta |Ia ra, t|tt ar 1 t |a tIi ti tr ti a ttt r t m i ta j rt 1 a tIi t a
1 t | a tr Ii 1 a1 .
M t1 i 1 as j rtt tr Ii t as
t j t r 1 ra a r a ta } a t| a 1 t 1 tsi r Ittti t r a | a tr Ira 1 a 1 t | a | r i -
1 a 1 . a a st stra t | | i ] a It ri t j a ra | t s t i si Ia r Its Ira | a } a 1 t -
rts. t j a t1 t tm j |ta r ta | | a m t1 tti 1 a , ttr i t a s 1 t ta r| a rt ,
st sa ta a sIi ta a | X , trtt |i r a a | ! X a t Irt 1 tsi r IttIa r It, st
tam | i ara rt] a |arm tr It st |t j t r 1 ra Iaj a j ara tt i Iar |as
j tr1 i 1 a s j t r | |a t i a s.
K t st aj |i tara 1 tt Irar a tt r | i trrt .
t aj |i tara t| ts| a tm a 1 t t ata r ati t r t ri tr Ia1 as j t r t| | M V
j ara ta1 a taIt] t ri a.
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
71
| r |a |a t| a ar Ii j arasi Iari a ts m a i m j t rIar It i r Itrra m j i r t|
ti t|t | i t |t ]i tt 1 t |t s j arasi It s m t1 i ar It |a rt Iati t r 1 t |t s ar i -
m a|ts j t r |t s ta arIt r ts.
| ri ar t a 1 t Irasj aIi t
| sIa tri ar t a st | att tr tt r as ra ra|ts Ia r 1 am tr Ia|m tr It. | t s
j rt 1 a tIt rts j rt t i tr tr 1 t 1 i t trst s sttIt rts 1 t |a ttt r t m i a | a t
tri ar ttr1 t s tr artas j t| a t1 as, tsIa| a |a1 t s t tr ta arIt r ts
|t s a|i m tr Iar tt r rtsi 1 a t s 1 t tt ti r a, j tsta1 t , sa | j rt 1 a tIt s
a]ri tt |as t Irt s.
72
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| k | | | | 1 V. | rt]ram a 1 t tra tam i tr Its
1 t| ]ar a1 t j trti r t tr | a | a.
| tr si 1 trati tr ts 1 t i r Itrts
| ts1 t t| Iri a r It 1 t |a | tt t |a ti t r st |a t| t j t r t| 1 tsarrt ||t 1 t
a r a | t rti ta |Ia ra ta | ar a, a | a t tt r ar Itri t ri 1 a1 tsIa tra m a
tt Itr si t a tsIa| a sa sItr Ia 1 a st | rt tstast s tt r t ti m i tr It s Itt-
r i tt s. | t s j ri m trt s j ast s Ia trt r |a i m j t rIati t r 1 t ar i m a|ts 1 t
1 i Itrtr Its rat as tsj tti a| i t a1 as |a tt r sIra tti t r 1 t |t s ttr Irt s
] tr tIi tt s j t rti r t s. | r |a a| |a I t j rtstr Ia a r rtsa m tr 1 t |a
atIi t i 1 a1 ]tr tIi ta j t rti r a 1 a rar It tsIt s a1 t s.
a | | a I I . | t t |a ti t r 1 t |a atIi t i 1 a1 j t rti r a tr | a | a
Aspecto enmarcado Dcada
Construccin de los centros genticos
Introduccin de razas especializadas y creacin del Combinado
Porcino Nacional
1960-70
Definicin de la estructura piramidal. Raza Yorkshire como materna
bsica. Programa de seleccin. Creacin del Instituto de
Investigaciones Porcinas (IIP)
71-80
Creacin de la Empresa Gentica Porcina Nacional. Determinacin
del verraco terminal. Programa gentico para centros integrales.
Desarrollo de la inseminacin artificial.
81-90
Definicin de los centros ncleos. Evaluacin de nuevos genotipos. 90-2000
Consolidacin y perspectivas 2001-2005
| a 1 tIi r i ti t r 1 t | a tsIra tIa ra j i ra m i 1 a | j a ra |a j rt 1 a tti t r
j t rti r a ta | a r a Ia t t| j a r It 1 t j arIi 1 a j ara t| tsIa| |tti m i tr It
1 t a r j rt ] ram a ] tr tIi tt | a sa1 t tr j ri r ti j i t s Ittr i tt s. | sIa
tsIra tIa ra, | |am a1 a j i ram i 1 a| | i ] a ra \ j trm i It 1 i Ia r 1 i r t|
m t}t ram i tr It ] tr tIi tt rta| i t a1 t tr |t s tt It s ] tr tIi tt s | ati a
|as a r i 1 a1 ts tt m trti a|ts t j ara |t s ttr Irt s m a |Ii j |i ta1 t rts 1 t r 1 t
st j rt 1 a ttr |t s ttr1 t s | j ara |as a r i 1 a1 ts 1 t tri as
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
73
| i ] a ra \ . | sIra tIa ra 1 t |a | rt 1 a tti t r | t rti r a. | t |i Ii ta 1 t | ra t am i tr It .
| t s a sj ttIt s st tr m a rta r 1 tr Irt 1 t | t s tsIa 1 i t s rta | i t a 1 t s
st | rt |a j t |i Ii ta 1 t tra t a m i tr It s tr | a | a . |a ttr1 a t| t t-
rra tt Itrm i r a |.
| a ttr1 a |

k | tt a|a ar t ari as tt m | i r ati t r ts 1 t tra tts j arIi tr 1 t 1 t |as

rat as | a t m a t rts j trsj ttIi t as m t sIrart r , Yt r| s| i rt, | a rt t,
| a r 1 ra tt 1 a m j s| i rt, st tt m j a ra rt r ttr1 a s j a ra s 1 t | a ra t a
Yt r| s| i rt ttr1 a s |

tt r |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t tam a1 as j a ras,
|

, rtIrt tra tts Iri j |t tra tts. t tsIa 1 i t t| tt m j t rIa m i tr It

rtj rt 1 a tIi t t t| tt m j t rIa m i tr It tr |a tt| a 1 t |a 1 tsttr -
1 tr ti a , It 1 a s, | a } t t| si sItm a 1 t m a r t} t Ira 1 i ti t r a | tm j | ta -
1 t tr t| j a i s.
74
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| as ttr1 as | Ia trt r sa j tri t rts a | a Yt r| s| i rt a | |a I 1 , tt r
m t}t rts rtsa |Ia1 t s tr t| tt m j t rIa m i tr It 1 t rtj rt 1 a tIi t t s |a
Y | . | sIa 1 i t s j t sIt ri t rt s 1 t m t sIra rt r t | a | It j t It r ti a |
rtj rt 1 a tIi tt tr tt r 1 i ti t r ts ta | ar as 1 t |as ttr1 as Yt r| s| i rt t
| ar 1 ratt m t1 i 1 t a Irat ts 1 t |a Iasa 1 t t t a |ati t r |a m t rIa|i -
1 a1 tm | ri t r a ri a.
a | | a I 1 . | t m j t rIa m i tr It rtj rt 1 a tIi t t 1 t |as | tm | ras tt a|a a 1 as
M a 1 rts Yt r| s| i rt i t | a i tr1 a , | a rt t tt r Irt | a r 1 ra tt 1 t rtt| a
| | tt m j t rIam i tr It 1 t It 1 t s |t s tra tts i r 1 i tt |a r tttsi 1 a1 1 t
a r a tt a|a ati t r i r It]ra| 1 t| i 1 t a |a i r I|a tr ti a 1 t |as ratas j a-
Itrr as tr t| trtti m i tr It |a tt m j t si ti t r tt rj t ra|. | t ata tr1 t
tt r |a tsIra tIa ra j i ram i 1 a| t| tt m j t rIam i tr It 1 t ta1 a tra tt
st tsIi m t |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t j tst t i t t t tarr t j t r ta1 a 1 1
ta | ri ti t r ts rta|i t a1 as tr t| si sItm a | i ]a ra ! , st tt r Ittti t r a-
rt r i r 1 i t t s t t a | a a Ii t t s i r t | a t r 1 t t | tt m j t rIa m i t r It
rtj rt 1 a tIi t t , t| trtti m i tr It |a tt m j t si ti t r tt rj t ra|. | a tt r -
t|a si t r j ri r ti j a| 1 t tsIt Ira| a}t Ia t i r trtm tr Iar |a a Ii |i tati t r
1 t | a ttr1 a Y | aj arta1 a tt r t trratt s 1 am j s| i rt t | a rt t.
| tti tr Itm tr It st rta|i t art r r a tt t s ar a|i si s j arIi tr 1 t 1 t |a i r -
It rm ati t r tt i sItr It tr t| j ai s. t tt a|a t a r j rt ]ram a 1 t tra ta-
m i tr It tr Irt |as ratas Yt r| s| i rt Y , | ar 1 ratt | | a rt t |
j ara j rt 1 a ti r ttr1 as |

1 tsIi r a1 as a| tra tt m aItrr t | asi tt . t

It m t tt m t tri Itri t 1 t tt a|a ati t r |a j rt 1 a tIi t i 1 a1 r a m tri ta, ts
1 tti r, |t s 1 tsItItsI j a trtaI a1 t sa s tt m j t r tr Its tri as j t r j ar-
It , m t rIa|i 1 a1 tr tri as, 1 tsItIts tIttIi t i 1 a1 tr |as ta | ri ti t r ts.
t tsIi m t |a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t j a trtas a m ar Itr tr tr t| rt| a1 t j ara
Yorkshire x Yorkshire Yorkshire x Duroc Yorkshire x Landrace
Efectividad (%) 78.0 84.5 86.0
Nacimientos 8.0 9.0 9.0
Destetados (28 das) 8.0 8.2 9.0
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
75
j rt 1 a ti r |a m i sm a tar Ii 1 a1 1 t tri as tr a r a1 t . t Ira| a}t tt r |a
i r It rm ati t r 1 t |a j rt 1 a tIi t i 1 a1 1 t |as ttr1 as 1 t tsIas ratas tr
|t s ttr Irt s ] tr tIi tt s 1 t t ari t s tt j tri m tr It s 1 t tra tam i tr It .
| t s j rt m t1 i t s 1 t tri as j t r j arIt tt r si 1 tra1 t s Ia trt r 1 . 1 , 1 . I
. 1 tr Y, | | rtsj ttIi t am tr It. | as tIttIi t i 1 a1 ts t ari art r tr Irt
I ! 1 X . t tt r si 1 trt t| tIttIt 1 t | tItrt si s tr |as tri as j t r j arIt
tt m t 1 X tr ttr1 as |

a| i ]a a| | a t tr |a m t rIa|i 1 a1 tr tri as. t
r tttsi Iar m ar Itr tr tr Irt a r \ I X m as j a trtas a| a Ii |i tar
ttr1 as |

Y| tr tt m j arati t r tt r ttr1 as Y| . t tt r t|a t | a t st

1 t| t st]a i r a Ii |i tar 1 t tr | a | a |a ttr1 a Y | tt m t m aItrr a j ri r ti -
j a| tr t| sttIt r tt m trti a| tsj tti a|i t a1 t .
| i ] a ra ! . | s| a tm a ] tr tra| 1 t tra t am i tr It s.
76
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| r |a Ia| |a I \ st rtsa m t |a j rt 1 a tIi t i 1 a1 1 t 1 t s si sItm as 1 t
tra t am i tr It i r 1 i tar 1 t t| j t r| a t tr | a | a st 1 t| t m ar Itr tr |a
ttr1 as |

Y | tt m t |a m aItrr a | asi ta.

a | | a I \ . | rt 1 a tIi t i 1 a1 1 t ta 1 a | rt ] ram a
Tipo de cerda Indicadores
F1
(YxL)
Triple
(YLxD)
Puercas comerciales 40 000 40 000
Puercas multiplicadoras 1 3420 3067
Puercas multiplicadoras 2 570
Puercas genticas 780 700
Produccin de carne, t 79293 77059
Carne por puerca, t 1794 1738
| t s t trratt s Itrm i r a|ts
| | j rt ] ra m a 1 t tra t a m i tr It s a Ii | i t a | a j t r | a t i a j a It rr a
t trratt s 1 t rat as j a ras, si r tm | a r] t , st | ri r 1 t m a t| a a Itr -
ti t r a| a st 1 t t trratt s |

t a| 1 tsarrt ||t 1 t ratas si r ItIi tas j a-

Itrr as. t ar a|i tt |a j t si | i |i 1 a1 1 t| a st 1 t a r t trratt |

1 t tsIas
ratas j arIi tr 1 t 1 t tsIt s tt r ttj It s tt r t ti tr 1 t | a t |as ratas
j aItrr as | asi tas trar 1 i Itrtr Its, 1 tsIatar 1 t st |a tt tt|tr It tt m -
j t si ti t r tt rj t ra| 1 t| 1 am j s| i rt sa |tr It trtti m i tr It , m i tr -
Iras | a t |t s taratItrts i r t trst s |t j rtstr Ia| a t| | a rt t.
t 1 tsarrt ||t Iam | i tr a r a |i r ta si r ItIi ta | a t Ia t i tra a r m a t r
j t Itr ti a| 1 t trtti m i tr It tr tarr t | a t sa rtj rt 1 a tti t r Ia tra
sa j tri t r a |as rat as j aItrr as | asi tas. | sIa |i r ta st 1 tr t m i r t
| | I | i ] a ra t . 1 a sIa t| j rtstr It sa tt m j t rIam i tr It | a ta m -
j |i 1 t tt r | t s t | }tIi t t s j rt j a tsIt s a| | a I ! . | a tsIri tIa st|tt-
ti t r aj |i ta1 a, | asa1 a tr j ra t| as 1 t tt m j t rIam i tr It tr tam j t
a r raj i 1 t tam | i t 1 t ] tr trati t r ts j rt t t tt a r j rt ] rtst a|It
tr t| r a t|tt | asi tt 1 t tsIa j t | |ati t r .
| r tt Itr st Ira| a}t 1 t tt a|a ati t r 1 t t trratt s Itrm i r a|ts st 1 t-
sarrt ||t tr a r a a r i 1 a1 tt m trti a| 1 t 1 1 1 rtj rt 1 a tIt ras Y |
tr a r a tt j tri m tr Ia | 1 t I 1 ttr1 a s tt r t| m i sm t m ar t}t . | a
i r Irt 1 a tti t r tr t| j ai s 1 t ] tr t Ii j t s a|Iam tr It tsj tti a|i t a1 t s
tr | a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t tarr t j rt t tr i tr Its 1 t |a | | | , Ia |ts tt m t t|
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
77
| i tIrai r | i ] a ra I t| | t 1 , a| ri trt r r a tt t s tam i r t s tr |a i r -
t tsIi ] ati t r 1 t tt m t stri a sa i r tt rj t rati t r tr It 1 t tsIt ts| a t-
m a tt a|a a 1 t .
a | | a I ! . | t m j t rIam i tr It 1 t ra t as j aItrr as
Rasgos DD HH CC21
Efectividad (%) 87.5 81.7 88.7
Nacidos Vivos 7.96 7.87 8.70
GMD (g) 794 751 848
Carne (%) 57.5 60.2 58.6
Carne/edad (g) 138 138 155
| i ] a ra t . Vtrratt | | I
| i ] a ra I . Vtrratt | i tIra i r
| a | i r ta | 1 ! st It rm t tt r tsIt s ttr1 t s tsj tti a |i t a1 t s tr |a j rt -
1 a tti t r 1 t tarr t tt r a|It 1 tsarrt | |t m a sta |ar.
78
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
Vari t s Ira| a}t s st rta|i tart r tt r t trratt s 1 t 1 i Itrtr Its Ii j t s
j ara 1 tItrm i r ar t| t trratt j aItrr t Itrm i r a | ttr1 as Yt r| s| i rt t
| ar 1 ratt. t a Ii |i t t tt m t tt r Irt | t| ttr1 t ta | ar t | | I st
tt m j art tt r |a |i r ta | 1 ! tt r tra tts tt r |a rat a 1 am j s| i rt.
| ara t||t , Ia| tt m t st m a tsIra tr t| ts| a tm a | i ] a ra , st
1 tsa rrt ||art r tr |a tsIati t r 1 t j ra t| as I 1 m at| t s tr Itrt s 1 t
tsIt s tra tts t| rtsIt st satri Ii tart r j ara t| ar a|i si s 1 t sa s ta-
r a|ts t| IratIt rtj rt 1 a tIi t t . t tt a|a art r I \ 1 1 t ata |a1 t s, st
i r stm i r t tr a r a a r i 1 a1 tt m trti a| str tt a|a t t| tt m j t rIa-
m i tr It rtj rt 1 a tIi t t tr 1 ! j arIt s 1 a ra r It a r a1 t .
| i ] a ra . | tItrm i r ati t r 1 t| t t rra tt j aIt rr t Itrm i r a |.
M as 1 t \ 1 1 1 tsttr 1 i tr Its \ ! 1 st tt| art r tt r a r a 1 i tIa 1 t
m i t| | , st a st | i t t a r tsIa 1 i t 1 t tar a| ts. | t s ttr1 t s | | I
Ia trt r |t s 1 t m a t r trtti m i tr It , t| tt r sa m t , |a tt r t trsi t r , t|
tsj tst r 1 t ] rasa 1 t rsa| t| j t rttr Ia} t 1 t ] rasa Ia trt r m tr t rts
tr | t s ttr1 t s tsj tti a|i t a1 t s. | t s | 1 ! j rtstr Iart r a r trtti m i tr -
It m tr t r, a r }am t r m as 1 tsarrt ||a1 t I I . ! X | a t |t s |

i m j t r-
Ia1 t s I1 . I X |ts 1 t t ri ]tr ta | ar t 1. X asi tt m t a r m a tr
j t rttr Ia}t 1 t stm tr 1 tstt| a1 t . X . | a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t tar a|
ta rr tI 1 i a 1 t t1 a1 Ia t sa j tri t r tr |t s t trratt s tra t a1 t s tt r
| | I 1 . t rttt m tr 1 t r t a Ii |i t ar tr |i r ta j a ra a| | 1 ! tt m t
j aItrr a Itrm i r a| a Ii |i t ar |t s t trratt s |

tt r ! 1 X ] tr ts | 1 ! ,
j rtItrtr Itm tr It | 1 ! t | | I t | 1 ! t 1 .
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
79
| r |a atIa a|i 1 a1 st tt a|a a t Irt Ii j t 1 t t trratt tt m t ts t| | 1 ! t
| a rt t | i ]a ra 1 j ara aj rt t tt| ar |a j t si | |t m t}t ra tr |a ta|i -
1 a1 1 t |as tarr t 1 t |a rat a | a rt t.
| i ] a ra 1 . Vtrratt | 1 ! t | a rt t
80
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| i ] a ra 1 . | s| a t m a ] tr t ra| 1 t tra t am i tr It .
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
81
| k | | | | 1 V | . | i t ]as | i ta| t r ts
M
as 1 t| 1 1 X 1 t |a tr tr]i a a Ii |i t a1 a tr |t s 1 i sIi r It s j rt -
ttst s Ittr t |t ]i tt s tr |a t i 1 a m t 1 trr a j rt t i tr t 1 t
|t s ||am a1 t s tt m | a sIi | |ts It si |ts. 1 Irt rtta rst a Ii |i -
t a1 t ts |a |t1 a, j ri r ti j a|m tr It j t r j ai sts 1 t| Itrttr m a r 1 t , | a t
j rt j t rti t r a a t ttts t| 1 X 1 t |a tr tr] i a r tttsari a, j trt a tt r st-
ta tr ti a 1 t a r a 1 tIt rtsIati t r att|tra1 a 1 t| j |ar tIa. | sIa si Ia a-
ti t r , st a]rat a tt r t| raj i 1 t i r trtm tr It 1 t |a j t | |ati t r m a r 1 i a|
|a tt r Iam i r ati t r | a t | att |a a]rt i r 1 a sIri a |a ] ar a1 tri a tt r
sa s rtsi 1 a a|ts a |as Ia tr Its 1 t a]a a j t Ia| |t |t s sa t|t s.
| a Itrm tr Iati t r 1 t |t s rtsi 1 a a|ts t r] ar i tt s | a t st rta|i ta tr |t s
| i t 1 i ]tsIt rts | a t st i r t|a tr 1 tr Irt 1 t |as Ittr t |t ]i as | i m -
j i as , 1 tItrm i r a |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t | i t ] as | a t st a sa tt m t tt m -
| a sIi | |t, |a 1 i sm i r a ti t r 1 t |a tt r Iam i r ati t r am | i tr Ia| |a
t | Itr ti t r 1 t a r tI|a tr It |i | a i 1 t m a a Ii | tt m t ItrIi |i t ar It t r]a-
r i tt | i t a| t r t s j t r |a tar Ii 1 a1 ta|i 1 a1 1 t| r i Irt ]tr t , It sIt rt
j t Iasi t | a t ts taj at 1 t aj t rIar a| m t1 i t | a t ttt r t m i tam tr -
It, ts m as | tr tIi ti t st | a t t| j rt j i t | i t ]as. t m t}t rar Iam | i tr
|as tt r 1 i ti t r ts 1 t| Ira| a}t 1 t m tsIi tt 1 t |a m a }tr, |a j rtt tr ti t r
1 t |a 1 tIt rtsIati t r , |a tt r Iam i r ati t r 1 t| m ar It IrtaIi tt 1 t |a
j rt j a] ati t r 1 t tr Itrm t1 a1 ts j t r t| a] a a j a ts tsIa 1 i t s rta|i ta-
1 t s tr | a | a r t s i r 1 i ta r a r a rt1 a tti t r 1 t| ! a | 1 1 X 1 t
m i trt t r] ar i sm t s atrt | i t s | a t i r t|a tr |a m a t ri a 1 t |t s
j aIt ]tr t s }a r It a a r a r t Ia| |t rt1 a tti t r 1 t | a tt t s 1 t | t|m i r It s.
| i ] a ra . | s| a t m a 1 t |t s 1 i ] tsIt rts | i r 1 a k t| i r t |
82
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
i j t s 1 t | i t 1 i ] tsIt rts. | t s j ri m trt s | i t 1 i ] tsIt rts tt r sIra i -
1 t s Ia trt r 1 t ta m j a r a I| t Ia r It t | i r 1 a ta j a | a Ii } a t t| i r t
| i ] a ra . | a t] t st 1 tsa rrt ||a rt r t Irt s m a s str ti ||t s, ra j i -
1 t s 1 t Ia | ri ta r tt r m a Itri a | ts m a s | a ra It s, tt m t ] t m a ,
j t |i t i r i | t|t ra rt | V | , rt1 m a 1 j | asIi t | M | j t | i tIi | tr t
m as rtti tr Itm tr It, |t s Ia | a |arts 1 t j t | i tIi |tr t tt r |a Ii r a|i -
1 a 1 1 t rt1 a ti r | t s tt sIt s tt r t| a st 1 t m a Itri a | ts | t ta | ts | a -
ra It s |a si m j |i Ii ta ti t r 1 t i r sIa |a ti t r ts, t| m a r Itr i m i tr It
t Ira s t j tra ti t r ts.
k tti t r ts j rtt i as a |a tt r sIra tti t r
. | t | ttti t r a r a | i si s 1 t |t s 1 a It s. r a m trt 1 t a r i m a | ts
tsIa| a |a1 t s, ta|ta |t 1 t| t t |a m tr 1 t tt trtIas, m tIt 1 t 1 t |i m -
j i tt a 1 t |t s tt rra| ts ] a sIt 1 t a ] a a,
I . | ara tItri sIi tas 1 i sj t r i | i |i 1 a1 1 t| Itrrtr t , tar Ii 1 a1 1 t j tr-
st r as | a t st strt i rar 1 t| | i t ] as, t trIi m i tr It a Ii |i t ati t r
1 t| tI|a tr It.
1 . i tm j t j ara t| m a r Itr i m i tr It t j tra ti t r 1 t j | ar Ia 1 t
| i t ] as.
\ . i Ii t 1 t i r sIa|ati t r j ara | a t Ia r ti t r t j t r ] rat t1 a1 , a | a t
r t a Ii |i tar tr tr]i a t|ttIri ta.
| | si sItm a
| t r sIa 1 t a r rt ] i sIrt j a ra | a rt t t j t i t r 1 t | a s a ] a a s
rtsi 1 a a |ts, tt r ttIa 1 t a | 1 i ] tsIt r | a t ts 1 t r 1 t t ta rrt t| j rt -
ttst 1 t 1 i ] tsIi t r ar atrt | i a t Itrm tr Iati t r 1 t |a m aItri a t r-
] a r i ta t r t| | a t st j rt 1 a tt t| | i t ] a s | a t st tt | ttIa tr | a
j a rIt sa j tri t r 1 t | a tt r sIra tti t r | a t Ii tr t It rm a 1 t ta j a | a .
| a sa | i 1 a 1 t| | i | a i 1 t Ira Ia 1 t , | | a m a 1 t tI| a tr It st rta | i t a j t r
|a j rtsi t r | a t t}trtt t| | i t ] a s st | rt t| m i sm t Ia m | i tr j t r
|a |t 1 t |t s t a st s tt m a r i ta r Its.
| | t Irt t| tm tr It tt r sIra tIi t t ts t| Ia r | a t 1 t tt m j tr sa ti t r ,
| a t Ii tr t It rm a ti rta | a r a 1 i Itrtr ti a 1 t| 1 i ] tsIt r tsIa j t r
tr ti m a 1 t| r i t t| 1 t j i st . | trm i It | a t t| rtsi 1 a a| rtIt rr t a|
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
83
1 i ] tsIt r a r a t tt tt r sa m i 1 t t| | i t ] a s 1 t tsIa It rm a | t a j | i -
ta a r tIttIt 1 t a] i Iati t r . | ara sa tt r sIra tti t r st a Ii |i t ar
m a I t ri a | t s t t r t t r t i t r a | t s s t 1 t | t ] a ra r I i t a r a r a
| trm tIi ti 1 a 1 a 1 tta a 1 a .
| i t 1 i ] tsIt r 1 t I|a }t j i sIt r | tt| t 1 t j t |i tIi |tr t
| a j ri r ti j a | 1 tst tr Ia}a 1 t tsIt si sItm a ts sa ta i 1 a1 t sa m ar i j a -
|ati t r a|m attr am i tr It j ara tt i Iar a] a }trt s tr t| r |t r .
| | | i t ]as | a t st j rt 1 a tt ta ar 1 t st | a tm a 1 a a r a ||am a ata |,
|i | tra a r as ! 1 1 1 | ta|Im
1
aj rt t i m a1 am tr It, r t j rt 1 a tt | t ||i r
r i t |t rts 1 tsa]ra1 a| |ts. | as j ri r ti j a|ts taratItri sIi tas Ii si tt
| a i m i tas 1 t ! rtsi 1 a a|ts 1 t 1 i Itrtr Its Ia tr Its |t s tri Itri t s
j ara tt a|a ar |as a] a as rtsi 1 a a|ts 1 tsIi r a1 as a| ItrIi rri t] t st j rt-
str Iar tr |a a| |a I t , |as taratItri sIi tas Ii si tt -| a i m i tas 1 t|
| i t ] as tr |a a| |a I I |t s tri Itri t s j ara tt a|a ar |as a ] a as 1 tsIi -
r a1 as a| ItrIi ri t] t tr |a a| |a I .
a | | a I t . | rt 1 a tIt s 1 tri t a 1 t s 1 t |a Ittr t |t ] i a 1 t| | i t ] as sa s
tar Ii 1 a 1 ts tr Ia r ti t r 1 t |t s rtsi 1 a t s tm j |ta 1 t s
| ] = |i Irt | | | i t a| t r t st |i 1 t sa|t 1 t| 1 i ]tsIt r tt r t 1 -I 1 X 1 t | a m t1 a 1 t m a s.
| | \ ! X 1 t| t t |a m tr It Ia| st tt r t i trIt tr | i t ]as ]as m tIar t
st |am tr It .
| t s | i t a | t r t s st |i 1 t s | a t st t | Ii tr tr j t r tsIa Ittr t |t ] i a j rt-
str Ia r a r a m t}t r ta |i 1 a 1 tIi ti tr ti a tt r rt|a ti t r a t Irt s
K
t
Tipo de Resi dual | tsi 1 a t s
| a m t1 t s
| ] I1 i a
| i t ] a s
m 1 I1 i a
| i t a | t r t
| i | a i 1 t
|
| i t a| t r t
st |i 1 t I| a m t1 t
| ]
| rt j t rti t r
rtsi 1 a t s.
a] a a
| sIi trtt | 1 t t ata 1 ,1 1 , 1t , 1 1 1 , 11 .
I | sIi trtt | 1 t It rt s ! ,1 1 , !\ 1 ,1 1 1 , !1 .
1 | sIi trtt | j t rti r t I , 1 1 , 1 1 , 1 1 , 11 .1
\ | a||i r ata 1 , I 1 , 1 1 , I 1 1 , .
! | sIi trtt | 1 t ta| a| |t 1 ,1 1 , 11 1 , 1 1 , \1 .1
t | sIi trtt | 1 t tarr trt s I , 1 1 , 1 I , t 1 1 , I1 .1
I | sIi trtt | 1 t Itrr trt s ! , 1 1 , I1 \ , 1 1 , !1 .
| sIi trtt | | a m ar t 1 , \ 1 , 11 1 , 1 I 1 , I .
1 | at| ata I , ! 1 , 1 \ , 1 1 , !1 .\
1 | tsi 1 a a|ts 1 t M aIa1 trt I ! ,1 , 11 I \ ,1 \ 1 , 1 .!
| tsi 1 a a|ts 1 t 1 tsIi|tri a 11 1 , 1 ! ,1 1 1 I 1 , 11 1 , 1 .1
I | tsi 1 a a|ts 1 t ttrt tttri a 11 1 , 1 \ , 11 1 I 1 , 11 1 , 1 .1
1 | i| a i 1 t s 1 t| taIt 11 1 , 1 ! , 11 1 I 1 , 11 1 , 1I .!
\ | a |j a 1 t taIt 11 1 , 1 1 , 1 1 ! 1 , 11 1 , 1\ .!
! M aItri a|ts t t] tIa|ts 1 ,1 1 , \1 I 1 ,1 1 I , 11 .\

84
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
tm j |ta1 t s tr | a | a a| |a I 1 | t r si 1 trt | a t t| | i t a| t r t a|
sa|i r 1 t| 1 i ] tsIt r rtIra t sa t t |a m tr tt r ttr Ira sa s r a Iri tr Its.
tsIa j rt j i t1 a1 |t | att a r | i t ItrIi |i t ar It aIratIi t t j ara sa t-
|t s ta |Ii t t s.
a | | a I I . | a ratItri sIi tas 1 t |t s |t 1 t s 1 t | i t ] as
a k r a|i si s | a i m i tt X


| r 1 i ta 1 t rts
k I| a tr It
| i t a | t r t | i | a i 1 t
si r 1 i ] tri r
| I| a tr It
| i t a | t r t | i | a i 1 t
1 i ] tri 1 t
| I| a tr It
| i t a | t r t st |i 1 t
| a m t1 t
K i Irt ] tr t 1 , I -1 , 1 , 1 1 -1 , 1 1 1 , !1 -1 , ! 1
| t sIt rt 1 , 1 - , I 1 , 1 1 -1 , 1 1 , I1 -I , ! 1
| t Iasi t 1 , \ -1 , 1 , 1 t 1 -1 , 1 1 1 , !1 -\ , 1
| a|ti t - \ t - 1 1 , 11 -! , 1 1
M a]r tsi t I -\ , ! -I ,! 1 , !1 - , 1
M aItri a t r] ar i ta 1 ! -\ ! 1 -I \ ! -! !
j 1 I , 1 -I , ! t , I 1 1 -t , I 1 1 t , 11 -t , ! 1
1 a m t1 a1 1 1 -1 I 1 1 -1 ! t 1 -I 1
| ar| t r t I 1 -I t I -\ I \ -1 \
| t|ati t r | . K I -1 1 . \ -I 1 . t - .
a|ts t |a | |ts t Ia|ts , 1 -I , 1 1 , 1 1 - , ! 1 1 1 , I1 -1 , ! 1
M i trt t|tm tr It s 1 , 1 I -1 , 11 1 , 1 1 -1 , 1 ! 1 , 1\ -1 , 1 !

| | rt j i t1 a1 ts Ii si tas
| i t a | t r t | i | a i 1 t | i t a| t r t st |i 1 t | i ] tri 1 t
| r 1 i ta1 t rts i r | i ] tri r | i ] tri 1 t | rtstt | t m j t sIta1 t
1 a m t1 a1 M a a|Ia
- 1 ! X
M a a|Ia
- 1 ! X
k |Ia t 1 -I 1 X | a}a - ! 1 ! X
| t |t r | arm t|i Ia t sta rt
a r t]rt
| arm t|i Ia t|art a
am ari ||tr It
| ar1 t t|art | ar1 t t|art a
t sta rt
1 |t r | a trIt a sa |Ia rt | t| i | a sa |Ia rt | t| i | a sa |Ia rt i trra | a m t1 a
| t r si sItr ti a - - | |asIi ta | sj t r }t sa
] rar a |ar
| t 1 tr 1 i st |t tr It k |It k |It M t1 i t | a}t
| IttIt rtsi 1 a a|
tr t| sa t|t
| a}t | a}t M t1 i t k |It - I a1 t s
| sIa1 t Ii si tt | m a |si t r |i | a i 1 a t |a ti t r |i | a i 1 a t |i 1 t j asItst t |i 1 t Iri a| |t

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
85
a | | a I . | ri Itri t s 1 t tt a |a ati t r j a ra a] a as rtsi 1 a a|ts |t 1 t s
1 tsIi r a1 as a| ItrIi rri t] t
a | | a I 1 . | | | i t a | t r t st |i 1 t t Irt s a| t r t s t r] ar i tt s


| t a|a a ti t r
| t r 1 a tIi t i 1 a1
t| ttIri ta
m m | t sItm
a | ts st | a | | ts
It Ia| ts
j j m
| t| ati t r 1 t
a | st rti t r 1 t
st 1 i t


j 1
| a tr a - , ! - 1 t 1 - \ t , 1 -I ,1
| t] a |ar , ! - , 1 t1 - ! 1 \ -I ! , 1 -t ,1
I , 1 -I ,
M a|a , -I ,\ !1 - ! 11 I - 1 I , 1 -1 ,1
I , - ,\
K t st 1 t| t
a Ii |i tar
- I , \ - ! 11 - 1 - , 1 t
- , \

| t s | i t a | t r t s Ii t r t r m a | Ii j | t s a st s t r | a ] a r a 1 t ri a
j i sti ta |Ia ra. | t s m as rtj rtstr IaIi t t s st r .
Bioabonos lquidos. t tm j |tar ] tr tra|m tr It tr .
| rt 1 a tti t r 1 t at t | |a j t| a t1 a j |a r Ia j rt Iti ta m a a Ii | tr
|a a|i m tr Iati t r ar i m a|
| rt 1 a tti t r 1 t a|] as | a t st a sar tt m t sa j |tm tr It s tr |a a|i -
m tr Iati t r ar i m a|. | r |as a |] as t tr1 t at a | ts stta s Iri Ia ra-
1 as, st r m a tIi ti tr Its tt m t | i t ItrIi |i t ar Its tr |a j rt 1 a tti t r
1 t arrt t .
t |a ti t r r a Iri Ii t a j ara 1 i Itrtr Its sa t|t s ta |Ii t t s

| r 1 i ta 1 t rts

| i t a | t r t
| a a r t 1 t
m a rti t| a ]t
1 a m a s 1 t
|t m | ri t
| t m j t sI
V t ] tIa |
Nitrgeno (N2) , ! -1 , ! , -t , 1 , 1 -I , 1 , 1 -1 , 1
Fsforo (P2=5) , I -I , ! , ! -1 , 1 1 , ! -1 , 1 1 , ! -I , !
Potasio (K2O) , ! -\ , 1 , I - , I 1 , 1 -1 , \ 1 , 1 - , !
Calcio (CaO) 1 , 1 -! , 1 1 , t - I , 1 , 1 -I , ! ! , 1 - \ , 1
Magnesio (MgO) 1 , ! - , 1 , I -I , \ , 1 - , ! 1 , \ - , \
Materia orgnica \ ! -! ! 1 1 -t ! \ 1 -t 1 \ 1 -t !
pH t , 1 -t , ! \ , 1 -! , \ t , ! -I , I t , 1 -I , t
Humedad t 1 -I 1 1 1 -\ 1 \ 1 -\ ! 1 ! -\ !
Carbono I \ -1 \ I -1 ! I 1 -1 ! I 1 -1
Relacin C:N t - . t - 1 . 1 - ! . 1 - ! .
Sales Solubles Totales 1 , I -1 , ! 1 , I 1 -1 , 1 ! 1 , -1 , \ 1 , I ! -1 , \ 1
Microelementos 1 , 1 \ -1 , ! 1 1 , I - , ! 1 , 1 t -1 , ! 1 , 1 -1 , I 1
Flora microbiana (UFC) 1
t
- 1

- 1
1
1
I
- 1

1
t
- 1
I


86
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| rt 1 a tti t r 1 t | t m j t sI 1 a rar It t| j rt ttsam i tr It atrt | i tt
1 t | t s rtsi 1 a t s t r] ar i tt s. t a1 i ti t r ar \ 1 |i Irt s 1 t | i t a | t r t
|i | a i 1 t Im
1
1 t tt m j t sI 1 a rar It ta1 a t i rt, IraIar 1 t 1 t | a t sa
1 i sIri | a ti t r sta a r i It rm t.
|trIi |i tati t r 1 t j rtsas, rtj rtsas tsIar | a ts 1 t r 1 t st tri ar
j ttts j aIt s. | ara tsIt t | }tIi t t | a | a t tt r sIra i r a r rtti r It
tt r Irt r tt s tr |a j arIt m tr t s j rt Ia r 1 a 1 t| tsIar | a t ||t-
r ar|t 1 t |t 1 t . k |t s t ari t s 1 i as t| a]a a a1 | a i trt a r tt |t r
t tr1 t | a t i r 1 i ta |a tt i sItr ti a 1 t m as a|i m tr It s r aIa ra|ts tr
t| tsIar | a t | a t Iat t rttt t| raj i 1 t trtti m i tr It 1 t |t s j ttts.
tm a r a|m tr It | a | a t a1 i ti t r ar | i t a| t r t a| rtti r It tt r s-
Ira i 1 t .
Bioabonos slidos. t a sa r tr t| m t}t ra m i tr It ItrIi |i -
t a ti t r t r] a r i ta 1 t sa t| t s ta | Ii t t s, tt m t i r t ta | t r a -
Ia ra| j ara att|trar t| j rt ttst 1 t Itrm tr Iati t r a trt | i ta 1 t
|t s rtsi 1 a t s tr |a t | Itr ti t r 1 t tt m j t sI. | r ta tr Ira r a j |i -
tati t r tr |a Itrm tr Iati t r t r] ar i ta 1 t| Ii It j |a r tIt r | a t
st j rt 1 a tt tr t| It r 1 t 1 t |t s tsIa r | a ts, j rtsa s rtj rtsa s
j a ra | a tri a 1 t j ttts j a It s. a m | i tr tt m t a | i m tr It 1 i -
rttIt j a ra j ttts, tr |a j rt 1 a tti t r 1 t a | t r t s t r] a r t -m i -
r t ra | , tt r | a a 1 i ti t r 1 t It rIi | i t a r It s | a i m i tt s, tt m t
a|i m tr It tr |a tri a 1 t |t m | ri tts |t m | ri ta |Ia ra . i tm j rt
| a t | a | a m t1 a 1 | t j trm i Ia st a j | i ta r 1 | i Irt sIm I I1 i a s
tr t| ta |Ii t t 1 t j |ar Ias ata aIi tas j rt Iti tas. a t a|t r tt m t
ItrIi |i t ar It st aj rtti a a| tt m j arar|t tt r t Irt s a| t r t s t r-
] a r i tt s 1 t t| tt a 1 a ta | i 1 a 1 a | | a 1 1 .
a | | a 1 1 . | t si s j rt j t rti t r ts tr | a t st a j |i ta t| | i t a| t r t
C u l t i v o s

| t 1 t s
| i Iri tt s,
Ira Ia |ts
It rtsIa |ts
tsIa| | tti 1 t s
| |a Ia r t
tsIa | |tti 1 t
V i t trt 1 t
j |a r Ia s 1 t
ti t|t | ar] t
tm i | |trt s
1 t j |ar Ia s 1 t
ti t|t tt rIt
1 t rIa |i t as | rar t s
| i t a|t r t st |i 1 t
1 i ]tri 1 t
I 1 -1 1
| ] Ij |ar Ia
1 . \ -1 .
| ]Ij |ar Ia
I - t
| ] Im
I

! 1 X 1 t
| i a| t r t
! 1 X 1 t taj a
t t] tIa|
\ -t
II| a
I 1 -1 1
II| a
| i t a|t r t |i | a i 1 t
1 i ]tri 1 t m
1
I| a
1 1 1 -\1 1 I 11 -1 11 1 1 1 -\ 1 1 I 11 -1 11

| i t a|t r t |i | a i 1 t
si r 1 i ] tri r
m
1
I| a
1 1 -I1 1 K t st rttt m i tr 1 a

Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
87
| rt j t rti t r a1 tta a 1 a j ara t r]a r t j t r i tt s
| a ar 1 t , tt m t 1 t r 1 t st aj |i tar |t s | i t a| t r t s!
| t s | i t a| t r t s a a Ii |i tar tr |t s 1 i Itrtr Its ta |Ii t t s Ii j t s 1 t sa t|t s
st st1 a|ar tr |a a| |a. t] a r |as r t rm as sar i Iari as i r Itrr ati t r a-
|ts, r t st att r st}a t| a st 1 t | i t a| t r t s |i | a i 1 t s si r 1 i ]tri r, tr
ta |Ii t t s 1 t tt r sa m t 1 i rttIt j ara strts | a m ar t s ar i m a|ts, r i
Iam j t tt tr t i t trt s stm i ||trt s 1 t 1 i Itrtr Its ta |Ii t t s.
| | m t m tr It 1 t aj |i tati t r tsIa tr Ia r ti t r 1 t |a tj t ta 1 t| a1 t ,
tsIa1 t 1 t| Ii tm j t , Ii j t 1 t sa t|t , | a m t1 a1 , j tri t 1 t 1 t trtti m i tr -
It , a | i tati t r 1 t |t s ta |Ii t t s |a t|ast It rm a 1 t |t 1 t rtsi 1 a a|
| a t st aj |i ta. 1 a t ari t s m t m tr It s tr |t s ta a|ts st 1 t| t 1 tti 1 i r
t| a| t r am i tr It , st j rt j t r t 1 t It rm a ] tr tra| |t s si ]a i tr Its.
1 tsj a ts 1 t |as tt stt| as, 1 a rar It |a j rtj arati t r j ara |a si tm | ra,
tr |a si tm | ra t Irasj |ar It tt m t a| t r t 1 t tt | trIa ra.
| a a j |i tati t r si tm j rt st | a ra tr | t ra 1 t | a m a1 ar a |a Ia r1 t,
ts 1 tti r, ta ar 1 t tt i sIa m tr t s i r Itr si 1 a1 1 t | t s ra t s st |arts
si tm j rt ar Its 1 t aj |i tar a |t s ta |Ii t t s st 1 t| t m tt t|ar | i tr j ara
| attr a r a 1 i sIri | a ti t r a r i It rm t j t r j |ar Ia. 1 a t ari as m ar t-
ras 1 t aj |i tar |t s | i t a| t r t s. ta ar 1 t r t st 1 i sj t r t 1 t m ttar i -
t ati t r st a sar m t t| i |as, ta | t s, rt] a1 tras a m ar t t sa rtt s j t r
] rat t1 a1 , m i tr Iras | a t si tt i sIt j t si | i |i 1 a1 ts 1 t m ttar i t ati t r
|t s m t1 i t s m as tt m a r ts st r aj |i ta1 t ras aa It j rt j a |sa1 as t 1 t
arrasIrt, t| ri t]t 1 t | t m | tt j t r asj trsi t r t i r a r 1 ati t r |t s
si sItm as aa It m aIi t a1 t s.
| tr tra|m tr It tsIt s j rt 1 a tIt s st i r tt rj t rar tr |a sa j trIi ti t a
j t ta j rt Ia r 1 i 1 a1 1 t |a taj a t t] tIa| , aj |i ta1 t s tr sa rtt s, | ar -
1 as t Irar } as, 1 t It rm a | t ta|i t a1 a tr t| It r 1 t 1 t| sa rtt , ] t Ita1 t
tr t| arta 1 t |a j |a r Ia It |i ar st | rt t| It ||a}t 1 t| ta |Ii t t .
C u l t i v o s

| t 1 t s
| a It
| a tat
| asIt s
It rra } ts
| | t rts
j | a r Ia s
t rr a m tr Ia | ts
| t rtsIa | 1 t
| t m t r It
M t} t ra 1 t
sa t| t s
| trIi | i t ati t r
t r] a r i ta
| i t a| t r t st |i 1 t
1 i ]tri 1 t
I - \
| ] I | a
I - \
II| a
1 , - 1 , I
| ] Ij IIa
I - 1
| ] Ij IIa
1 1 - ! 1
II| a
\ -
II| a
| i t a| t r t |i | a i 1 t
1 i ]tri 1 t m
1
I| a
1 1 1 - \ 11 ! 1 1 - I 1 1 1 1 1 - \ 11 1 1 - 1 1 1 ! 1 1 - t 1 1
| i t a| t r t |i | a i 1 t
si r 1 i ] tri r
m
1
I| a
1 1 - I 11 K t st
rttt m i tr 1 a
1 1 - I 11 ! 1 1 - t 1 1 K t st
rttt m i tr 1 a

88
Produccin porcina a pequea y mediana escala
| aIt s 1 t i r Itrts ]tr tra|
M t1 i 1 as 1 t sa j trIi ti t m as tt m a r ts a Ii |i ta1 as tr 1 i sIi r Ias rt-
] i t r ts 1 t | a | a.
| a | a|| tri a | t r1 t| 1 ttIa rta | art | t sa | tsar a
, 11 1 1 I\ , 1 1 1 1 ,\ I1 1 , 1 11 ,t tI ! , \ 1
1 , 11 1 , 11 1 1 , 1 \ 1 , 1 1 1 , 1 ! 1 , 1 t
1 , 1I ! I \ , \ 1 , 1 1 1 1 , I \ ! , 1 1 1 1 , t 1
1 , 1 1 1 I ,\ 1 1 , 1 \ I , 1 1 1 , t t ! , \
1 , 1! \ I ,1 t 1 , I 1 1 , ! 1 ! , 1 1 1 I , II
1 , 1 1 t , I! 1 1 , I ! 1 1 , 1 1 1 , 1 t 1 , 11 1

M t1 i 1 a s 1 t j tst .
| i | ra= \ t 1 ]ram t s
| i |t ]ra m t = I , I \ |i | ras
, ! | i |t ]ra m t s = I ! |i | ras
| a i r Ia| = \ t | i |t ] ram t s = \ = 1 1 |i | ras
It r t|a1 a = 1 1 1 | i |t ]ra m t s = I , I \ | a i r Ia|ts = I I \ |i | ras = t , 1 t
| t| a tri m i tr It s 1 t a ] a a 1 t | t s ttr1 t s.
| tr1 as, tt t| i r aIas, tt t| i r aIt s, tt| a = I , 1 ]|sI1 i a I , t - , \ |i Irt sI1 i a
j 1 = | t j rtsa ]ra 1 t 1 t. ati 1 tt - a|ta|i r i 1 a1
-I = ati 1 t
I = a|ta|i r t
I = r ta Irt