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4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Meditations Metaphysiques}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Editura CRATER pentru versiunea de fa\uc1\u355X
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s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceluia, cel mai inteligent, care va escalada cu succe
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\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {observe c\uc1\u25
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}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntmple ntr-o prim\
uc1\u259X, imediat\uc1\u259X instan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, c\uc1\u259Xci memoria (
\uc1\u8222Xmendax memoria" - AT VII, 24) ntotdeauna pentru }\par\pard\li760\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoa\uc1\u351Xterea cartesian\uc1\u25
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i0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care suprim\uc1\u259X adev\uc1\u25
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uc1\u355Xint\uc1\u259X. C\uc1\u259Xci Descartes nu te nva\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, ni
ci aici, nici }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr
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pre adev\uc1\u259Xr, str\uc1\u259Xbaterea \uc1\u351Xi ndeosebi tehnicile ei exemp
lare, \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{niciodat\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xinta. Tocmai n acest sens, filozofia cartesian\uc1
\u259X nu reprezint\uc1\u259X o ordine a materiei, o clasifica\uc1\u355Xie - }\p
ar\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eventual n stil aris
totelico-scolastic -a unor achizi\uc1\u355Xii definitive ale gndirii, ci doar o o
rdine a ra\uc1\u355Xiunii, a }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {judec\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor, descrierea procedeului a ceea ce va
fi fost descoperirea unui adev\uc1\u259Xr presupus, \uc1\u351Xi nu descrierea ac
elui }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adev\uc1\u2
59Xr propriu-zis, propunerea unui model de exersare a gndului, a unei exemplarit\
uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi a cuget\uc1\u259Xrii, care s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declan\uc1\u351Xeze n tine nsu\uc1\u35
5Xi mecanica specific\uc1\u259X unei cunoa\uc1\u351Xteri. (Putem deduce aceast\u
c1\u259X disociere cartesian\uc1\u259X din }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numeroase texte, precum n scrisoarea c\uc1\u259Xtre P\

uc1\u259Xrintele Mersenne, datat\uc1\u259X 24 decembrie 1640 (?), n care, prin }\

par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {referire explicit\
uc1\u259X la aceste }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xii metafizice
,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ni se spune: \uc1\u8222XEt ii est remarquer
, en tout ce que j'ecris, que je }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ne sui\uc1\u351X pas l'ordre des matieres, mais seulement celui
des raisons: c'est-\uc1\u259X-dire que je n'entreprends point de dire }\par\par
d\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {en un meme lieu tout ce q
ui appartient une matiere, cause qu'il me serait impossible de le bien prouver,
y }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ayant des rais
ons qui doivent etre tirees de bien plus loins Ies unes que Ies autres; mais en
raisonnant par ordre}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {a }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {facilioribus ad difficiliora,}\b0
{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j'en deduis ce que je puis, tantot pour une matie
re, tantot pour une autre; ce qui est, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mon avis, le vrai chemin pour bien trouver et expli-quer
la verite" (ed. Alquie II 301, iar n ed.: Descartes, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Correspondance, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {publiee (...) par Ch. Adam et G. Milhaud, Tome IV, pag 239-240). De la ac
east\uc1\u259X disociere }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {porne\uc1\u351Xte Mar\uc1\u355Xial Gueroult n studiul s\uc1\u259Xu faimo
s, care a f\uc1\u259Xcut epoc\uc1\u259X n}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {exegez
a}\i0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cartesian\uc1\u259X:}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {Descartes' selon }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {l'ordre des raisons,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2 voi.
, Aubier, 1953).}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Atunci, care este folosul la care ne putem a\uc1\u351Xtepta de la cunoa\uc1\u351
Xterea acestei filozofii a lui Descartes, \uc1\u351Xi cu }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl
-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deosebire de la parcurgerea acestor}{ }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xii metafizice? }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {El este consecin\uc1\u355Xa faptului c\uc1\u259X}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xiile }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {snt mai }\p
ar\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {degrab\uc1\u259X un
adev\uc1\u259Xrat}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Manual al exerci\uc1\u355Xii
lor spirituale. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S-a observat (\uc1\u351Xi s-a a
cceptat de toat\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-160\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {VIII}\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {lumea, dar pentru prima dat\uc1\u259X: Leslie J. Beck, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\b {The Metaphysics of Descartes. A study of the \uc1\u8222XMeditations", }
\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Oxford Univer
sity Press, Clarendon, 1965, p. 31-37), prin analogie cu opera faimoas\uc1\u259X
a lui Igna\uc1\u355Xiu de Loyola, c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi aici la Descartes exist\uc1\u259X ind
ica\uc1\u355Xii, de\uc1\u351Xi lipsite de sistematica stringent\uc1\u259X de aco
lo, indica\uc1\u355Xii de ascetic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spiritualist\uc1\u259X tr\uc1\u259Xdate de unele con
ota\uc1\u355Xii temporale: \uc1\u8222X...acei care vor avea ambi\uc1\u355Xia s\u
c1\u259X mediteze mpreun\uc1\u259X cu mine n }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mod serios..." (Infra p.12); \uc1\u8222X...Voi presup
une (...). Voi crede (...) M\uc1\u259X voi considera pe mine nsumi (...) Voi r\uc
1\u259Xmne }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu obs
tina\uc1\u355Xie ata\uc1\u351Xat (...) (p.33); \uc1\u8222X...vegherile trudnice.
.. (p.34); \uc1\u8222XMedita\uc1\u355Xia pe care am f\uc1\u259Xcut-o ieri..." (p
.35); \uc1\u8222X...va }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {fi mai bine ca s\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259X opresc pu\uc1\u355Xin n acest loc,
pentru ca, prin durata medita\uc1\u355Xiei mele, s\uc1\u259X imprim mai adnc n }\p
ar\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {memoria mea aceast\
uc1\u259X nou\uc1\u259X cunoa\uc1\u351Xtere." (p. 47); \uc1\u8222X\}mi voi nchide
acum ochii, mi voi astupa urechile, mi voi }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suprima toate sim\uc1\u355Xurile..." (p.48); \uc1\u822

2X(...) s\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259X opresc ctva timp pentru a contempla ...s\uc1\u259

X experiment\uc1\u259Xm ncepnd }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {de acuma" (p. 68-69); \uc1\u8222Xn zilele acestea att de mult m-am de
prins..." (p. 70); \uc1\u8222X...dac\uc1\u259X le voi examina n acela\uc1\u351Xi
}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fel n care am exa
minat ieri ideea de cear\uc1\u259X..." (p. 58); \uc1\u8222X...dar cnd relaxez cu
ceva aten\uc1\u355Xia pe care o am, spiritului }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {meu i se ntmpl\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X se ntunece \uc1
\u351Xi, ca orbit de imaginile lucrurilor sensibile, nu-\uc1\u351Xi mai aminte\u
c1\u351Xte... (p. 63); \uc1\u8222X...n }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zilele acestea care tocmai au trecut (...) nu am putut s\u
c1\u259X m\uc1\u259X mpiedic s\uc1\u259X gndesc c\uc1\u259X..." (p.76-77); \uc1\u8
222X...n zilele }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
cestea care tocmai au trecut, am experimentat suficient..." (p. 77); \uc1\u8222X
...nu pu\uc1\u355Xin am c\uc1\u351Xtigat cu aceast\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {medita\uc1\u355Xie"... (n limba latin
\uc1\u259X fiind nc\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi mai exact: \uc1\u8222X...me hodierna me
ditatione..." - AT.VII. 62) (p.80); \uc1\u8222X...nu }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {am aflat ast\uc1\u259Xzi doar ce trebuie s\
uc1\u259X evit..." (p.81);}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {.....trebuie respinse toate ndoielile din aceste zile care tocmai au}\p
ar\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trecut..." (p. 112)
. Mai pot fi semnalate attea alte locuri semnificative tocmai pentru conturarea i
maginii unei }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teh
nici spirituale, \uc1\u351Xi cu deosebire trebuie s\uc1\u259X fie eviden\uc1\u35
5Xiate referirile la momentul spiritual capital ce const\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\l
i760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {abstragerea intelectului de
sim\uc1\u355Xuri, faimoasa }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {abducere mentis a sens
ibus,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li
760\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {IX}\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cartesian\uc1\u259X de marc\uc1\u259X
n multe mprejur\uc1\u259Xri, precum \uc1\u351Xi n acest nceput al medita\uc1\u355Xi
ei a patra: \uc1\u8222XIta me his diebus }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {assuefeci in mente a sensibus abducenda..." (AT VII, 52
). A\uc1\u351Xadar, toate acestea confirm\uc1\u259X ipoteza unui nou }\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\m
argbsxn360\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl
-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {manual de exerci\uc1\u355Xii spirituale
: \uc1\u351Xase medita\uc1\u355Xii ce se distribuie n posibile \uc1\u351Xase unit
\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi temporale, poate \uc1\u351Xase zile, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ns\uc1\u259X f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X ni
ci un dogmatism al indica\uc1\u355Xiilor, ci totul de\uc1\u351Xi cu severitate e
xact totu\uc1\u351Xi adaptabil, de la individ la }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {individ. Ins\uc1\u259X aceasta este cert:}{ }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xiile}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {nu snt o lectur\uc1\u259X de parcurs, ci tehnici spirituale de exersat pn\uc1\
u259X la }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezulta
te ce difer\uc1\u259X de la un om la alt om. La cap\uc1\u259Xtul adecvatei lor l
u\uc1\u259Xri n posesie nu ne mbog\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xim cu noi }\par\pard\li760\r
i0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cuno\uc1\u351Xtin\uc1\u355Xe, ci n
e descoperim transforma\uc1\u355Xi din punct de vedere spiritual. Lectura acesto
r}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xii}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {- \uc1\u351Xi nu simpla }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {str\uc1\u259Xbatere a textului, pur informativ\uc1\u259X, ci ex
ersarea mental\uc1\u259X sub bagheta maestrului spiritual ce sus\uc1\u355Xine \u
c1\u351Xi anim\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {prin veac aceste pagini - ne consolideaz\uc1\u259X astfel spiritul nct ma
i apoi s\uc1\u259X putem cunoa\uc1\u351Xte singuri adev\uc1\u259Xrul nostru, }\p
ar\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cel adnc nn\uc1\u259X

scut n noi, vital nou\uc1\u259X, exclusiv al nostru, al fiec\uc1\u259Xruia, \uc1\

u351Xi care - sub garan\uc1\u355Xia existen\uc1\u355Xei lui }\par\pard\li760\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dumnezeu - se obiectivizeaz\uc1\u259
X, dovedindu-se a fi nu o realitate subiectiv\uc1\u259X, ci identic cu nsu\uc1\u3
51Xi adev\uc1\u259Xrul lumii.}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Iar dac\uc1\u259X sub imperativul acestor precau\uc1\u355Xii, Desca
rtes ne-a l\uc1\u259Xsat}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xiile }
\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n dou\uc1\u259X variante, prima - cea }\par\pard\
li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {original\uc1\u259X - n latin
\uc1\u259X, iar cea de-a doua - definitiv\uc1\u259X, o traducere a primei, n limb
a francez\uc1\u259X -, s\uc1\u259X vedem \uc1\u351Xi care este }\par\pard\li760\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {raportul dintre ele, \uc1\u351Xi
care valoarea fiec\uc1\u259Xreia. Dar, mai nti s\uc1\u259X observ\uc1\u259Xm c\uc1
\u259X aceast\uc1\u259X situa\uc1\u355Xie de bilingvism a unei }\par\pard\li760\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opere filozofice nu este proprie
doar acestor}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xii,}\b0 { }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ci ea caracterizeaz\uc1\u259X toate principalele opere ale
acestui }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {filozof,
ns\uc1\u259X nu ntotdeauna n aceast\uc1\u259X ordine, c\uc1\u259Xci alt\uc1\u259Xd
at\uc1\u259X originalul este n francez\uc1\u259X, precum n cazul }\par\pard\li760\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Discursului asupra metodei,}\b0
{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar traducerea este n latin\uc1\u259X. Important,
ns\uc1\u259X, n leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu aceste versiuni-}\par\pard\li760\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {traduceri, este aceasta: fie c\uc1\
u259X snt f\uc1\u259Xcute dintr-un original francez n limba latin\uc1\u259X, fie i
nvers - dintr-un original }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {latin ntr-o ulte-}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {rioar\uc1\u259X versiune francez\uc1\u259X, cazul}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xiilor }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de fa\uc1\u3
55X\uc1\u259X, ntotdeauna versiunile snt nu numai supravegheate de }\par\pard\li76
0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Descartes, ci ocazia lor este f
olosit\uc1\u259X de filozof pentru a limpezi textul nsu\uc1\u351Xi, pentru a nuan
\uc1\u355Xa, amplificndu-le }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {precizia, anumite teze ale filozofiei sale. Faptul este limpede expri
mat, ct prive\uc1\u351Xte aceste}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355
Xii metafizice, }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {n prefa\uc1\u355Xa adresat\uc1\u259X cititorului de primul editor al textului
, prefa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X n ntors\uc1\u259Xturile de stil ale c\uc1\u259Xreia pu
tem ntrez\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {chiar pana lui Descartes, care se folose\uc1\u351Xte de acest mod indirect
pentru a l\uc1\u259Xmuri c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi-a rezervat dreptul de revizie }
\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi corec
tur\uc1\u259X asupra acestei versiuni n francez\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi c\uc1\u259X
s-a folosit de acest drept pentru a se corecta pe sine nsu\uc1\u351Xi, }\par\par
d\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai degrab\uc1\u259X dect
pe traduc\uc1\u259Xtor, limpezindu-\uc1\u351Xi propriile gnduri, f\uc1\u259Xcnd ma
i explicite unele pasaje, prin cte o }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {mic\uc1\u259X schimbare a textului. Iar aceste argumente snt
mai apoi reluate de Adrien Baillet, marele monografist al lui }\par\pard\li760\r
i0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Descartes, care n}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {La vie de Monsieur Des-Cartes}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{(A Paris, Chez Daniel Horthemels, 1691, tom. II, p. 172, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {173) spune, relund afirma\uc1\u355Xiile
acelui editor presupus, c\uc1\u259X filozoful, sub pretextul de a-\uc1\u351Xi r
evedea aceste versiuni, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u351Xi-a luat libertatea de a se corecta pe el nsu\uc1\u351Xi, \uc1\
u351Xi de a-\uc1\u351Xi l\uc1\u259Xmuri propriile gnduri. Iar ceva mai departe, a
firma\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {devin nc\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi mai tran\uc1\u351Xante atunci cnd subliniind fa
ptul c\uc1\u259X de schimb\uc1\u259Xrile de la o versiune la alta singur }\par\p

ard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Descartes este r\uc1\u2

59Xspunz\uc1\u259Xtor, se decreteaz\uc1\u259X apoi \uc1\u8222X...que la traducti
on frangoise vaut beaucoup mieux que l'original }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {latin..." Judecata are n vedere varianta francez\
uc1\u259X a}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xiilor, }\b0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {dar ea este repede extins\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi la versiune
a }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {francez\uc1\u2
59X a}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Principiilor filozofiei, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {nct se trage apoi concluzia c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222X...toate opere
le sale n francez\uc1\u259X, att originale }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ct \uc1\u351Xi traduceri, snt preferabile celor n latin\uc
1\u259X..." \uc1\u351Xi anume c\uc1\u259X "...toate traducerile pe care Descarte
s le-a rev\uc1\u259Xzut }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {valoreaz\uc1\u259X mai mult dect nse\uc1\u351Xi originalele."}\par\pard\li
760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teribil\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi
radical\uc1\u259X tez\uc1\u259X, care trebuie de ndat\uc1\u259X amendat\uc1\u259
X, n sensul c\uc1\u259X bunul Baillet, generosul biograf al }\par\pard\li760\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {filozofului nostru,}\par\pard\li760\r
i0\sl-160\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Xi}\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {are n vedere situa\uc1\u355Xia celor dou\uc
1\u259X opere capitale,}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xiile...
}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {P
rincipiile..., }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi mai pu\uc1\u355Xin s
itua\uc1\u355Xia altora, precum }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {eseurile, unde originalul este n francez\uc1\u259X, \uc1\u351Xi v
ersiunea definitiv\uc1\u259X - cea revizuit\uc1\u259X de autor - este n latin\uc1
\u259X. Iar n }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ace
st caz, ar fi normal s\uc1\u259X acord\uc1\u259Xm mai mult credit versiunii lati
ne ulterioare, cum s-a \uc1\u351Xi ntmplat cu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Discu
rsul }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {asupr
a metodei,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {frecventarea versiunii latine a c\
uc1\u259Xruia a \uc1\u351Xi l\uc1\u259Xsat, n circula\uc1\u355Xia c\uc1\u259Xrtur
\uc1\u259Xreasc\uc1\u259X, mo\uc1\u351Xtenirea unor }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formule precum:}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {dubito, ergo cogito; cogito, ergo sum!}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E
le vin deci din acea traducere n latin\uc1\u259X a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Discursului }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b {asupra metodei,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {publicat\uc1\u259X de faim
osul Elzevier, n 1644, versiune datorat\uc1\u259X lui Et. de Courcelles, \uc1\u35
1Xi - binen\uc1\u355Xeles }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {- revizuit\uc1\u259X de Descartes:}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Ren
ati DesCartes Specimina philosophiae, seu Disertatio de methodo... Dioptrice et
}\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Meteora }\
b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(republicat\uc1\u259X n AT, VI). Doar}{ }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {Geometria }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lipse\uc1\u351Xt
e dintre eseuri, ea fiind tradus\uc1\u259X numai n 1649 de }\par\pard\li760\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Schooten, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a mai
beneficia de revizia lui Descartes.}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {n raport cu acest fenomen de bilingvism, qvasi-generalizat, a
l principalelor opere ale lui Descartes, putem }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deosebi n exegeza cartesian\uc1\u259X trei atitudi
ni, care corespund, n mare m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X, unor trei etape ale acestei
exegeze: }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai nti p
revalenta versiunilor latine, indiferent dac\uc1\u259X ele snt originale sau defi
nitive, ns\uc1\u259X traduceri doar, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {respectiv prima sau a doua variant\uc1\u259X. Este vorba de
o epoc\uc1\u259X mai veche \uc1\u351Xi de autori care \uc1\u351Xi elaboreaz\uc1\u
259X}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {exegezele }\i0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {direct n latin\uc1\u259X, categoria lor pare
a se fi ncheiat, cel pu\uc1\u355Xin n spa\uc1\u355Xiul cultural francez, cu teza l

ui Emil Boutroux: }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100

\b {De Veritatibus aeternis apud Cartesius,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
are \uc1\u351Xi ea a fost ulterior tradus\uc1\u259X n francez\uc1\u259X de M. Can
guilhem \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {tip\uc1\u259Xrit\uc1\u259X cu o prefa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a lui Leon Brunsch
vicg (Paris,}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Alean,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {1927). Deosebim, mai apoi, categoria majoritar\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li
760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acelora care iau drept baz\uc
1\u259X pentru comentarii aceea dintre variante care este prima, indiferent dac\
uc1\u259X ea este n }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {latin\uc1\u259X sau n francez\uc1\u259X. Aceast\uc1\u259X atitudine st\uc1\u25
9X sub comandamentul interesului pentru originalitatea prim\uc1\u259X a }\par\pa
rd\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {filozofului, ea corespun
de grijii pentru identificarea amprentei irepetabile a acestui autor.}\par\pard\
li760\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {XII}\b0 \par\pard\li760\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Important\uc1\u259X fiind. n aceast
\uc1\u259X perspectiv\uc1\u259X, att de non-carte-sian\uc1\u259X, prima instan\uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259X, datele imediate, expresia }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nemediat\uc1\u259X a personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X
ii, dicteul ei automat, de\uc1\u351Xi lui Descartes, tocmai acestea i p\uc1\u259X
reau a fi m\uc1\u259Xrturiile cele mai }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suspecte, cele mai dubioase, filozoful imaginnd, n acest se
ns, ns\uc1\u259X cu imens sarcasm, o ipotez\uc1\u259X de cunoa\uc1\u351Xtere }\pa
r\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care ar fi f\uc1\u25
9Xcut furori, printre freudi\uc1\u351Xti ndeosebi, printre moderni\uc1\u351Xti n g
eneral: \uc1\u8222X...acum snt treaz \uc1\u351Xi z\uc1\u259Xresc cte }\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\mar
gbsxn373\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-3
46\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ceva real \uc1\u351Xi adev\uc1\u259Xrat;
dar pentru c\uc1\u259X acel ceva nu-1 z\uc1\u259Xresc nc\uc1\u259X destul de clar
, m\uc1\u259X culc cu dinadins pentru ca visele }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mele s\uc1\u259X-mi reprezinte chiar lucrul resp
ectiv, ns\uc1\u259X cu un spor de adev\uc1\u259Xr \uc1\u351Xi de eviden\uc1\u355X
\uc1\u259X". (Infra, p.40) \uc1\u8222X...jam }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {quidem sum experrectus, videoque nonnihil veri, sed
quia nondum video satis evidenter, data opera obdormiam, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ut hoc ipsum mihi somnia verius eviden
tiusque repraesentent". (AT VII, 28)}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Este supersti\uc1\u355Xia identit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, car
e transgreseaz\uc1\u259X lumea ideilor, nspre realizarea portretului unui Descart
es de }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neconfunda
t. Mai nou, parc\uc1\u259X sub presiunea unei comodit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, a ob
oselii unor comentatori mai recen\uc1\u355Xi, se face apel }\par\pard\li760\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n exclusivitate la varianta n francez\u
c1\u259X, indiferent dac\uc1\u259X ea reprezint\uc1\u259X scrierea original\uc1\
u259X sau numai traducerea }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ulterioar\uc1\u259X, revizuit\uc1\u259X sau nu de Descartes. Pare c\u
c1\u259X avem de-a face cu un triumf trziu \uc1\u351Xi definitiv al tezei lui }\p
ar\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Baillet, c\uc1\u259
X ntotdeauna snt superioare, preferabile - variantele n francez\uc1\u259X ale texte
lor lui Descartes. S\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {aceasta o simplificare a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {exege
zei }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cartesiene, prin reducerea pn\uc1\u259X la s
uperficialitate a contactului dintre comentator }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi text?}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lucrurile nu snt chiar a\uc1\u351Xa de simple cu
m ne apar ele n aceast\uc1\u259X ultim\uc1\u259X ipostaz\uc1\u259X, c\uc1\u259Xci
ea nu este tocmai att de }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {absurd\uc1\u259X, ca s\uc1\u259X nu zicem: simplist\uc1\u259X, pe ct ne

apare. Mai nti, cnd \uc1\u351Xi exprim\uc1\u259X aprecierea asupra valorii }\par\par
d\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {variantelor n francez\uc1\
u259X ale textelor cartesiene, atunci Adrien Baillet nu exprim\uc1\u259X pur \uc
1\u351Xi simplu o opinie oarecare a }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {sa, supus\uc1\u259X capriciilor unui gust \uc1\u351Xi unei f
orma\uc1\u355Xii intelectuale, ct\uc1\u259X vreme se \uc1\u351Xtie c\uc1\u259X te
meinicia monografiei sale }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {rezult\uc1\u259X, pe lng\uc1\u259X altele, din ancheta pe care el a ntre
-}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-160\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {XIII}\b0 \par
\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prins-o printre conte
mporani de seam\uc1\u259X ai lui Descarte\uc1\u351X, care \uc1\u351X-au aflat n r
ela\uc1\u355Xii privilegiate cu filozoful, iar }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {printre ei la loc de seam\uc1\u259X chiar unii di
ntre traduc\uc1\u259Xtorii n cauz\uc1\u259X, care dispuneau de toate informa\uc1\
u355Xiile n baza }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
c\uc1\u259Xrora s\uc1\u259X poat\uc1\u259X formula opinii competente.}\par\pard\
li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apreciind variantele n franc
ez\uc1\u259X, P\uc1\u259Xrintele Baillet exprim\uc1\u259X nu numai punctul s\uc1
\u259Xu de vedere, ci \uc1\u351Xi opinia comun\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li760\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mediului acesta cartesian, acest prim
contingent al sectarilor noii filozofii, ale c\uc1\u259Xrui ac\uc1\u355Xiuni au
avut att de mare }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{importan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X pentru impunerea prestigiului acestei concep\uc1\u
355Xii filozofice. Snt primii membri, \uc1\u351Xi dintre cei mai }\par\pard\li760
\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {importan\uc1\u355Xi, ai sectei c
artesiene, care va scoate opera filozofului din condamnarea la care se va str\uc
1\u259Xdui s-o supun\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {biserica, \uc1\u351Xi i va imprima o vitez\uc1\u259X special\uc1\u
259X de circula\uc1\u355Xie n con\uc1\u351Xtiin\uc1\u355Xa public\uc1\u259X europ
ean\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ns\
uc1\u259X, dect opinia aceasta a lui Adrien Baillet \uc1\u351Xi a cercului primei
genera\uc1\u355Xii de cartesieni, n rndurile c\uc1\u259Xreia }\par\pard\li760\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ancheteaz\uc1\u259X monografistul cu
legnd informa\uc1\u355Xii despre via\uc1\u355Xa \uc1\u351Xi despre opera filozofu
lui, mai important este faptul }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X respectiva opinie este ea ns\uc1\u259X\uc1\u351Xi cart
esian\uc1\u259X, n sensul c\uc1\u259X exprim\uc1\u259X o deplin\uc1\u259X concord
an\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu nucleul gndirii lui }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Descarte\uc1\u351X. A\uc1\u351Xadar, dep\uc1\u259X\
uc1\u351Xim cadrul ngust al unei simple opinii \uc1\u351Xi avans\uc1\u259Xm spre
identificarea uneia dintre cele mai }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {importante caracteristici ale operei cartesiene.}\par\pard\l
i760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conform atitudinii celei mai
profund specifice, n cuprinderea acestei filozofii,}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {judecata, ra\uc1\u355Xionamentul - nu }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {opereaz\uc1\u259X pe cuvinte, ci pe nse\uc1\u351
Xi lucrurile lumii numite de respectivele cuvinte. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Acest fapt este capital pentru }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {noi, oamenii, \uc1\u351Xi el ne garanteaz\uc1\u259X reu\uc1\u
351Xita tentativelor de comunicare dintre un om \uc1\u351Xi alt om:}{ }\fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {fiecare n\uc1\u355Xelegem }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {printr-un cuvnt exact ceea ce to\uc1\u355Xi c
eilal\uc1\u355Xi n\uc1\u355Xeleg prin acel cuvnt.}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Cuvintele nu snt o piedic\uc1\u259X pentru }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunicare, ci o unealt\uc1\u259X care tocmai o oca
zioneaz\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi o faciliteaz\uc1\u259X. Astfel nct cuvintele nu au n
evoie s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {definite, c\uc1\u259Xci de ce am nlocui un singur cuvnt cu alte dou\uc1\u259
X, trei, care la rndul lor fiecare ar impune cte o }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {definire}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs

16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {XIV}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha

rscalex100 {prin cte alte dou\uc1\u259X, trei cuvinte. Ceea ce nu ar diminua pres
upusa obscuritate, ci doar ar amplifica-o ntr-o teribil\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li76
0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {progresie geometric\uc1\u259X.
De primejdia aceasta este cum nu se poate mai con\uc1\u351Xtient Descarte\uc1\u3
51X, care \uc1\u351Xi exemplific\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X dificultate radical\uc1\u259X chiar
aici, n cuprinderea}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Medita\uc1\u355Xiei a}\b0 {
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doua, folosindu-se de defini\uc1\u355Xia clasic\uc1
\u259X a }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {omului,
ce-1 identific\uc1\u259X drept}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {un animal ra\uc
1\u355Xional,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ad\uc1\u259Xugind de ndat\uc1\u2
59X: \uc1\u8222X...ar trebui dup\uc1\u259X aceea s\uc1\u259X cercetez ce este }\
par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un animal, \uc1\u3
51Xi ce este ra\uc1\u355Xional, \uc1\u351Xi astfel de la o singur\uc1\u259X ntreb
are am c\uc1\u259Xdea pe neobservate ntr-o infinitate de altele }\par\pard\li760\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai dificile \uc1\u351Xi mai stnje
nitoate..." (Infra, p. 37). Iar observa\uc1\u355Xia aceasta nu reprezint\uc1\u25
9X expresia abandon\uc1\u259Xrii n }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {mrejele unei comodit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, evitare a unor efor
turi ce s-ar impune cu necesitate, ci corespunde unei atitudini }\par\pard\li760
\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fundamentale pentru acest sistem
de abordare a lumii. Este ceea ce nu poate n\uc1\u355Xelege un Thomas Hobbes - s
pre }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pild\uc1\u25
9X, c\uc1\u259Xci privirea lui este ntunecat\uc1\u259X de prejudec\uc1\u259X\uc1\
u355Xile c\uc1\u259Xrora le este prizonier. Iar Descarte\uc1\u351X se va str\uc1
\u259Xdui (n }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R\uc
1\u259Xspunsul la Obiec\uc1\u355Xia a patra) s\uc1\u259X-i explice c\uc1\u259X d
emersul nostru filozofic, oricare ar fi el, \uc1\u351Xi ra\uc1\u355Xionamentele
noastre }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {privesc n
totdeauna mai degrab\uc1\u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ceea ce este semni
ficat n ele }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi nu doar simplele cuvinte
. Tocmai pentru c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {este a\uc1\u351Xa, explic\uc1\u259X tot acolo filozoful nostru, un f
rancez \uc1\u351Xi un german au acelea\uc1\u351Xi gnduri \uc1\u351Xau ra\uc1\u355
Xionamete cu privire }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {la acelea\uc1\u351Xi lucruri, chiar dac\uc1\u259X ei \uc1\u351Xe folosesc f
iecare de cuvintele limbii lui, cuvinte n ntregime diferite cele mai }\par\pard\li
760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adesea. C\uc1\u259Xci adev\uc
1\u259Xrul nu st\uc1\u259X n cuvnt, ci n nse\uc1\u351Xi lucrurile lumii \uc1\u351Xi n
ra\uc1\u355Xionamentele care exprim\uc1\u259X rela\uc1\u355Xiile dintre }\par\p
ard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceste lucruri, iar exp
resia acestor raporturi poate fi nn\uc1\u259Xscut\uc1\u259X n noi. Snt, deci, dou\u
c1\u259X, ori, poate, mai exact: trei }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sedii ale adev\uc1\u259Xrului: mai nti adncul fiin\uc1\u355Xe
i noastre, care n\uc1\u259Xscndu-se \uc1\u351Xi aduce n lume adev\uc1\u259Xrul, sau
adev\uc1\u259Xrurile, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {care i snt intrinseci, fatale pentru ea ns\uc1\u259X\uc1\u351Xi; apoi: intel
ectul poate fi \uc1\u351Xi el izvor de adev\uc1\u259Xr, nu n sensul c\uc1\u259X l
}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de\uc1\u355Xine,
c\uc1\u259X i este depozitar, ci cu n\uc1\u355Xelesul c\uc1\u259X l poate creea, i
poate fi adev\uc1\u259Xrului n\uc1\u259Xscocitorul, dac\uc1\u259X nu cumva }\par
\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {expresia aceasta: a n
\uc1\u259Xscoci adev\uc1\u259Xrul - nu este}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {XV}\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {altceva dect un non-sens, n ceea ce-1 prive\uc1\u351Xte, Descar
tes o admite ca valabil\uc1\u259X; \uc1\u351Xi, n fine, lucrurile lumii ca sedii
}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale adev\uc1\u25
9Xrurilor, n nici un caz, cuvintele nu pot fi mai mult dect vehicule ale adev\uc1\
u259Xrului. Aceasta este att de }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\

charscalex100 {important nct filozoful nostru nu ezit\uc1\u259X ca n chiar prima pa

rte a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Principiilor }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {sale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {de filozofie,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {s\uc1\u259X instituie la }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsx
n16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn346\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul zece urm\uc1\u259Xtorul imperativ: \uc1\u8222XC\uc1\u259X
exist\uc1\u259X no\uc1\u355Xiuni att de clare prin ele nsele nct - dac\uc1\u259X am
vrea s\uc1\u259X le }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {definim la nivelul scolasticii - atunci doar le-am ntuneca, \uc1\u351Xi c\uc1
\u259X ele nu snt dobndite deloc prin intermediul }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {studiului, ci s-au n\uc1\u259Xscut o dat\uc1\u25
9X cu noi". Deci nu poate fi vorba aici de o pozi\uc1\u355Xie absurd\uc1\u259X,
c\uc1\u259Xci nu chiar toate }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {cuvintele se pot dispensa de a fi definite, ci numai cele important
e! Ct despre celelalte, precum cuvintele rare, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sau termenii nou crea\uc1\u355Xi - admit, sau chia
r reclam\uc1\u259X defini\uc1\u355Xii. Ceea ce vrea ns\uc1\u259X Descartes s\uc1\
u259X ne spun\uc1\u259X aici, n }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {invocatele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Principii ale filozofie
i,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca \uc1\u351Xi n attea alte locuri ale filoz
ofiei sale, este faptul c\uc1\u259X no\uc1\u355Xiunile de baz\uc1\u259X pe }\par
\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care le ntrebuin\u
c1\u355Xeaz\uc1\u259X filozoful snt accesibile oricui, cunoa\uc1\u351Xter
ea ncepe nu cu deprinderea acestor }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {no\uc1\u355Xiuni, ci cu punerea lor n rela\uc1\u355Xie, cu expr
imarea
raporturilor dintre lucrurile lumii pe care le denumesc aceste }\par\p
ard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {no\uc1\u355Xiuni. A\uc1
\u351Xadar cuvintele nu nchid n ele nsele nici un privilegiu, nu exist\uc1\u259X cu
vinte care s\uc1\u259X fie preferabile pentru }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {filozofie prin ele nsele, nu exist\uc1\u259X idiomu
ri lingvistice privilegiate, unele mai adecvate cuget\uc1\u259Xrii dect altel
e. }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Att de funda
mental\uc1\u259X este pentru Descartes aceast\uc1\u259X convingere nct \uc1\u351X
i va ng\uc1\u259Xdui s\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi afirme cu sarcasm: }\par\pard\li760\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222X...qu'un honnete homme
n'est pas plus oblige de savoir le grec ou le latin, que le suisse ou le bas br
eton.}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {.."(La }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Recherche de la Verite par la lumiere naturelle
,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n AT X, 503). Adic\uc1\u259X bretona-de-jos,
ori dialectul romand (ori }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {se va fi gndit la retoroman\uc1\u259X?) - acestea puse la egalitate cu
prestigioasele: greaca \uc1\u351Xi latina, pentru a scoate n }\par\pard\li760\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eviden\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X faptul c
\uc1\u259X gndirea \uc1\u351Xi are n limbaj un instrument neutru \uc1\u351Xi nu o f
inalitate, c\uc1\u259Xci nu cunoa\uc1\u351Xtem cuvinte, ci }\par\pard\li760\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nse\uc1\u351Xi lucrurile lumii, resort
urile ascunse}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {XVI
}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale universului. Mai este oare nevoie s\uc1\u259X am
intim \uc1\u351Xi de compasiunea cu care o privea filozoful pe ntia dintre cele }\
par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trei prietene faim
oase ale sale: pe Domni\uc1\u351Xoara Schurmans, cea care nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xnd
latina, greaca, ba chiar \uc1\u351Xi ebraica, \uc1\u8222Xa }\par\pard\li760\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost corupt\uc1\u259X" pentru contro
versele teologice (\uc1\u8222XCe Voetius a gate aussi la Demoiselle de Schurmans
..." - spune }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fil
ozoful nostru n scrisoarea c\uc1\u259Xtre Mersenne din 11 noiembrie 1640/ AM.IV.p
.198, iar incidentul este mai amplu }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf

0\f0\charscalex100 {comentat n Baillet.II.p.60).}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmul

t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar s\uc1\u259X l\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xm de-o part
e anecdotica, \uc1\u351Xi s\uc1\u259X re\uc1\u355Xinem doar aceasta: c\uc1\u259X
pentru Descartes a fixa c\uc1\u259Xutarea adev\uc1\u259Xrului n }\par\pard\li760
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {domeniul erudi\uc1\u355Xiei filo
logice - nseamn\uc1\u259X o corup\uc1\u355Xie a spiritului,}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {ct\uc1\u259X vreme filozofia, \uc1\u351Xtiin\uc1\u355Xa n general, nu\uc1\u351Xi }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{are adev\uc1\u259Xrul n cuvinte, cuvintele fiind doar semne care l vehiculeaz\uc
1\u259X.}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iar terminologia filozofic\uc1\u259X
reprezint\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {o etap\uc1\u259X pe direc\uc1\u355Xia codific\uc1\u259Xrii sensurilor lumii
, nu inaccesibilitatea acestei terminologii, ci tocmai accesibilitatea, }\par\pa
rd\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transparen\uc1\u355Xa se
mnifica\uc1\u355Xiilor este ceea ce o recomand\uc1\u259X drept materie n baza c\u
c1\u259Xreia se poate spera edificarea unei }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {mathesis universalis.}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Cum s\uc1\u259X nu ne amintim n acest loc rolul pe care l de\uc1\u355Xine D
escartes n procesul de }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {constituire a celor mai uzuale simboluri cu care opereaz\uc1\u259X algebra
?! A reduce n\uc1\u355Xelesul lumii pn\uc1\u259X la, sau pn\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li
760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aproape numai la simbolurile
algebrice, aceasta este aici specific.}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Se va fi n\uc1\u355Xeles din toate acestea c\uc1\u259X Desc
artes este mai degrab\uc1\u259X un anti-Cratyl (solidar poate cu aticismul lui }
\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Platon, dac\uc1\u
259X este s\uc1\u259X lu\uc1\u259Xm n seam\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X nsu\uc1\u351Xi di
alogul n cauz\uc1\u259X este o caricaturizare a etimologismului abuziv), se }\par
\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {va fi n\uc1\u355Xeles
c\uc1\u259X lui i-ar fi fost imposibil s\uc1\u259X scrie"... cartea despre multi
plele semnifica\uc1\u355Xii ale unor cuvinte...", cum }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-22
6\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi nume\uc1\u351Xte el nsu\uc1\u351
Xi -Aristotel - faimoasa Carte V (D) din Metafizica (la 1028 a, tr. St. Bezdechi
). C\uc1\u259Xci el }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {dispre\uc1\u355Xuie\uc1\u351Xte cu mnie nu numai defini\uc1\u355Xiile, care a
u f\uc1\u259Xcut vreme de aproape un mileniu deliciile vie\uc1\u355Xii intelectu
ale, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preponderen
t artistotelico-thomiste, ci \uc1\u351Xi ceea ce se va releva mai trziu, ndeosebi
acum n secolul nostru, a fi}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {XVII}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {et
imologismul dezl\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u355Xuit, care ndreapt\uc1\u259X efortul mental e
xclusiv n direc\uc1\u355Xia unei arheologii a sensurilor ngropate }\par\pard\li760
\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cuvnt, ca \uc1\u351Xi cum cuvint
ele ar parazita alte cuvinte, n serii succesive, ce nu-\uc1\u351Xi mai pot identi
fica rela\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {originar\uc1\u259X, nemediat\uc1\u259X, cu lucrurile lumii. Suspiciunea sa
la adresa erudi\uc1\u355Xiei, a oric\uc1\u259Xrei erudi\uc1\u355Xii, este nc\uc1
\u259X mai }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {radic
al\uc1\u259X cnd are n vedere locvacitatea pur\uc1\u259X ce ambi\uc1\u355Xioneaz\u
c1\u259X s\uc1\u259X nal\uc1\u355Xe simple turnuri de cuvinte, sau mai degrab\uc1
\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cuvinte c
a ni\uc1\u351Xte oglinzi care se reflect\uc1\u259X exclusiv \uc1\u351Xi reciproc
, dup\uc1\u259X modelul decaden\uc1\u355Xei unei filologii mai vechi, }\par\pard
\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum la un Aulus Gellius
sau la un Macrobius.}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Filozofarea pe cuvinte, a\uc1\u351Xa de ne-cartesian\uc1\u259X n spiritul ei
, \uc1\u351Xi are un cap\uc1\u259Xt n aceast\uc1\u259X erudi\uc1\u355Xie minor\uc1
\u259X, de cabinet, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ce ambi\uc1\u355Xioneaz\uc1\u259X, mereu \uc1\u351Xi exclusiv, definirea cuv
intelor; \uc1\u351Xi un alt cap\uc1\u259Xt n etimologismul desfrnat, obsedat de }\

par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {descoperirea unor

sensuri primare, originare, ale cuvintelor, mpinse nspre o copil\uc1\u259Xriei a l
or, mai frust\uc1\u259X, mai }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {genuin\uc1\u259X. Filozoful din specia aceasta - \uc1\u351Xi sap\uc1
\u259X cuvintele, precum sap\uc1\u259X un arheolog n c\uc1\u259Xutarea unei ident
it\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi a }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {terenului n aparen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a\uc1\u351Xa de anonim. Un comen
tator mai recent, care scoate n eviden\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X tocmai aceast\uc1\u259
X alternativ\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {cartesian\uc1\u259X la o filozofie prea mult cantonat\uc1\u259X n zona lim
bajului (Pierre-Allain Cahne, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Un autre Descartes,
le }\b0 \par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {philos
ophe et son langage,}\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vrin, 1980, pag. 124 et
passim), acest universitar aduce aminte, tocmai prin contrast, }\par\pard\li760\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de imaginea lui Martin Heidegger
pictat\uc1\u259X de Jean Paulhan n bro\uc1\u351Xura La }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {preuve par }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l'etymologie, (Paris, Les }\par
\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editions de Minuit, 1
953), unde autorul faimoasei opere }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Sein und Zeit}
\b0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {este acuzat c\uc1\u259X ra\uc1\u355Xioneaz\uc
1\u259X ca o \uc1\u8222Xpiele }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {ro\uc1\u351Xie", ca un s\uc1\u259Xlbatic - deci, ca un retardat mi
ntal ce nu se poate ridica pn\uc1\u259X la abstrac\uc1\u355Xie, tocmai pentru c\u
c1\u259X }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {metafiz
ica heideggerian\uc1\u259X este \uc1\u8222Xeti-mologisant\uc1\u259X". C\uc1\u259
Xci din aceast\uc1\u259X perspectiv\uc1\u259X, o perspectiv\uc1\u259X categoric
cartesian\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {etimologismul este un soi mai nostim de calambur, ce nici nu are alt\uc1\u2
59X calitate dect aceea ce \uc1\u355Xine de pl\uc1\u259Xcerea }\par\pard\li760\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jocului de cuvinte.}\par\pard\li760
\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {XVIII}\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ajun\uc1\u351Xi n acest punct, trebuie s\uc1
\u259X recunoa\uc1\u351Xtem c\uc1\u259X afirmnd situarea lui Descartes la antipod
ul filozofiilor }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
etimologisante \uc1\u351Xi a acelora pentru care important\uc1\u259X este clasif
ica\uc1\u355Xia \uc1\u351Xi defini\uc1\u355Xiile, afirmnd deci apartene\uc1\u355X
a lui la o }\par\pard\li760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {categ
orie, pe care el o ilustreaz\uc1\u259X ntr-un mod neegalat, a acelora pentru care
demersul filozofic opereaz\uc1\u259X cu }\par}