1.

H PHNG TRNH
1. Khi nim v h phng trnh
H phng trnh l b ca hai hay nhiu hn cc phng trnh vi cng tp
hp cc n s. Khi gii h phng trnh, ta i tm cc gi tr ca n s tha
mn tt c cc phng trnh ca h. Tp nghim ca h l tp hp tt c cc
b gi tr ca n s tha mn cc phng trnh ca h. Mt cch cht ch,
gii h phng trnh l tm ra tp nghim ca n.
H phng trnh c th v nghim, hu hn nghim hoc v s nghim.
Hai h phng trnh (I) v (II) cng tp n c gi l tng ng nu
chng c cng tp nghim. Nu mi nghim ca h phng trnh (I) u l
nghim ca h phng trnh (II) th h phng trnh (II) c gi l h qu
ca h phng trnh (I).
V d 1. Hai h phng trnh
(I)

4 x+
5 y=
14

x +y =
3

x
3 y=

3 x y =
1

v (II)

l tng ng v c cng tp nghim l S= {(1;2)}.

V d 2. Hai h phng trnh
(I)

x +y =10
x 2 +y 2 =52

v (II)

x +y =
10
xy =24

l tng ng v c cng tp nghim l S= {(4;6), (6;4)}.

V d 3. Vi hai h phng trnh
(I)

x +y =10
x 2 +y 2 =52

v (II)

xy =24
x 2 +y 2 =52

th (II) l h qu ca (I) v S I= {(4;6), (6;4)}, S II= {(4;6), (6;4), ( 4;6),

1

( 6; 4)} .

2. Gii h phng trnh

Khi gii h phng trnh, ta dng cc php bin i a h v cc dng
n gin hn. Trong cc php bin i , quan trng nht l cc php bin
i khng lm thay i tp nghim ca h phng trnh. Ta gi chng l cc
php bin i tng ng. Nh vy
Php bin i tng ng bin mt h phng trnh thnh mt h phng
trnh tng ng vi n.
Chng hn, khi ta thay mt phng trnh ca h bng mt phng trnh tng
ng vi n th l mt php bin i tng ng.
Ngoi cc php bin i tng ng trn mt phng trnh, ta thng dng
cc php bin i c m t trong nh l sau:
nh l 1
Cho h phng trnh
f1 ( x , y ) =g1 ( x , y )
f 2 ( x , y ) =g 2 ( x , y )

(*)

c tp xc nh D; h(x,y) l mt hm s xc nh trn D (h(x,y) c th l mt

hng s). Khi trn D, h phng trnh cho tng ng vi mi h sau:
1)
2)
3)

f1 ( x , y ) + h ( x , y ) = g1 ( x , y ) + h ( x , y )
f 2 ( x , y )= g 2 ( x , y )

f1 ( x , y ).h ( x , y ) = g1 ( x , y ).h ( x , y )
f 2 ( x, y )=g 2 ( x, y )

nu h(x,y) khc 0 vi mi x thuc D.

f1 ( x , y ) =g1 ( x , y )
f 2 ( x , y ) + f ( f1 ( x , y )).h ( x , y ) = g 2 ( x , y ) + f ( g1 ( x , y )).h ( x , y )

trong f(x) l mt hm s bt k xc nh trn

Chng minh:
Cc php bin i 1) v 2) l cc php bin i tng ng trn mt
phng trnh, do l php bin i ca h.

Ta chng minh kt lun 3) :

Nu ( x 0 , y 0 ) l mt nghim ca h (*) th

f1 ( x0 , y 0 ) = g1 ( x0 , y 0 ) f ( f1 ( x0 , y 0 )) = f ( g1 ( x0 , y 0 ))

f 2 ( x0 , y 0 ) = g 2 ( x 0 , y 0 )
Do f 2 ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( f1 ( x0 , y0 )).h( x0 , y0 ) = g 2 ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( g1 ( x0 , y0 )).h( x0 , y0 )
Nn ( x 0 , y 0 ) l nghim ca 3).

Nu ( x 0 , y 0 ) l mt nghim ca 3) th

y 2 +y (
Do

x 2 x ) 2 x

x =0

f 2 ( x0 , y0 ) = f 2 ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( f1 ( x0 , y0 )).h( x0 , y0 ) f ( f1 ( x0 , y0 )).h( x0 , y0 )
= g 2 ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( g1 ( x0 , y0 )).h( x0 , y0 ) f ( g1 ( x0 , y0 )).h( x0 , y0 )
= g 2 ( x0 , y0 )

Nn ( x 0 , y 0 ) l nghim ca h (*).
Vy (*) v 3) tng ng.
nh l 2
Quy tc thay th
H phng trnh (I)
h phng trnh (II)

y =f ( x )
F ( x , y ) =0

tng ng vi

y =f ( x )
F ( x , f ( x )) =0

Chng minh:
Nu ( x0 , y0 ) l mt nghim ca h (I) th
y0 = f ( x0 ) , F ( x0 , y0 ) = 0
Do F ( x0 , f ( x0 )) = 0 tc l ( x 0 , y 0 ) l mt nghim ca h (II).
Nu ( x 0 , y 0 ) l mt nghim ca h (II) th
y0 = f ( x0 ) , F ( x0 , f ( x0 )) = 0
Do F ( x0 , y0 ) = 0 tc l ( x 0 , y 0 ) l mt nghim ca h (I).
Vy (I) tng ng vi (II).
Bn cnh cc php bin i tng ng, ta cn c th s dng cc php
bin i a v h phng trnh h qu, tc l c h c tp nghim ln hn
hay bng tp nghim ca h ban u.
Mt s php bin i h qu thng s dng:
3

nh l 3
Cho h phng trnh

f1 ( x , y ) =g1 ( x , y )
f 2 ( x , y ) =g 2 ( x , y )

(*)

c tp xc nh D. Khi trn D, cc h phng trnh sau l h qu ca (*).

f12 ( x , y ) = g12 ( x , y )
f 22 ( x, y )=g22 ( x, y )

1)

y 2 + y ( x 2 x) 2 x x = 0

2)

f12 ( x , y ) + f 2 2 ( x , y ) = g12 ( x , y ) + g 2 2 ( x , y )
f 2 ( x, y )= g2 ( x, y )

3)

i khi vic bin i cc phng trnh m khng c iu kin rng buc

sinh ra cc nghim ngoi lai. x l cc tnh hung ny, ta c th th li
hoc t ra cc iu kin rng buc khi bin i phng trnh.
x
1=
3
2y
x = 6
2y

V d 4. Gii h phng trnh

T phng trnh th nht, ta suy ra
T phng trnh th hai, ta suy ra
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c

x 1 = 9 12 y + 4 y 2
x = 6 2 y

(1)
(2)

5 2 y = 9 12 y + 4 y 2 2 y 2 5 y + 2 = 0

1
y=
2
y =2

x =5
x =2

(5; 2 ) l nghim ca h bi.

(2; 2) l nghim ca (1), (2) nhng khng l nghim ca h bi.

3. Mt s bi ton h phng trnh trong cc thi

HSG tnh, thnh ph
2 x + 2 y =4

Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh

2 x +5 + 2 y +5 =6

( thi HSG B Ra Vng Tu)

iu kin x, y 0 .
Cng tng v hai phng trnh ca h, ta c:
4

( 2 x + 2 x + 5 ) + ( 2 y + 2 y + 5 ) = 10

Tr tng v hai phng trnh ca h, ta c:

( 2x + 5 2x ) + ( 2 y + 5 2 y ) = 2

5
+
2x + 5 + 2x

5
=2
2y + 5 + 2y

a = 2x + 2 x + 5 > 0 , b = 2 y + 2 y +5 > 0 .
a +b =10
5 5
+ =2
a b

Ta c:

a =5
b =5

Xt phng trnh

y 2 +y (

x 2 x ) 2 x

x =0

2 x + 5 = 25 10 2 x + 2 x
2x = 2 x = 2 .

y =2 .

Tng t cng c
Vy h phng trnh c nghim

1
x + + x +y 3 =3
y
1
2 x +y + =8
y

Bi 2. Gii h phng trnh

iu kin
t

a=

x+

Ta c:
Vi

y 0, x +

a =1, b = 2

1
x + = 1,
y

b=

x+

1
= 2,
y

a=
1, b =2
a =2 , b =
1

ta c:

x + y 3 = 2

a = 2, b =1

x + y 3 > 0

x+

1
= 1,
y

x + y 3 = 4

x+

Vi

( thi HSG Hi Phng, bng A)

1
> 0, x + y 3
y

1
>0
y

a +b =3
a 2 +b 2 =5

( x, y ) = ( 2, 2) .

1
=1
7 x
y =7 x

x =4 10 , y =
3+ 10
x =4 + 10 , y =
3 10

ta c:

x + y 3 =1 x +

1
= 4, x + y 3 = 1
y
1
=4
4 x5
y =4 x

x+

x =3, y =
1
x =5 , y =1

Th li ta thy cc nghim u tha.

Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim nh trn.
4 x 2 +y 4 4 xy 3 =1
4 x 2 +2 y 2 4 xy =2

Bi 3. Gii h phng trnh

( thi HSG tnh Lm ng)

Tr tng v hai phng trnh ca h, ta c:
y 4 2 y 2 4 xy 3 + 4 xy +1 = 0 ( y 2 1) 2 4 xy ( y 2 1) = 0
( y 2 1)( y 2 1 4 xy ) = 0
y = 1 y = 1 y 2 1 4 xy = 0

Vi

y =1

ta c:

4 x 2 + 1 4 x 1 = 0 x( x 1) = 0 x = 0 x = 1

Vi

y = 1

ta c:

4 x 2 +1 + 4 x 1 = 0 x( x + 1) = 0 x = 0 x = 1

Vi

y 2 1 4 xy = 0

ta c:

y 2 1
x=
( y 0)
4y

4(

y 2 1 2
y 2 1 3
( y 2 1) 2
) + y 4 + 4(
)y =1
+ 4 y 4 + 4( y 2 1) y 2 = 4
2
4y
4y
y

5 y 4 6 y 2 + 1 = 0 ( y 2 1)(5 y 2 1) = 0
y = 1 x = 0

Th li ta thy cc nghim u tha.

Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim phn bit ( x, y ) =(1,1); (1, 1); (0,1); (0, 1) .
3
2y
+
=1
x
x 2 + y 2 1
2x
x2 + y2
=4
y

Bi 4. Gii h phng trnh

iu kin

xy 0, x 2 + y 2 1

a = x 2 + y 2 1, b =

( thi HSG H Tnh)

.

x
, ab 0.
y

t
Ta c:

3 2
+ =1
a b
a 2b = 3

Vi

a =1, b = 1

Vi

a = 9, b = 3

3
2
+ =1
2b + 3 b
a = 2b + 3

b 2 2b 3 = 0

a = 2b + 3

b =
1, a =
1
b =3, a =9

ta c c 2 nghim l ( x, y ) =(1, 1); (1, 1)

ta c c 2 nghim l ( x, y ) =(3,1); ( 3, 1)

Th li ta thy cc nghim u tha.

Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim nh trn.
Bi 5. Gii h phng trnh

x x y 1 =1
y + x +2 y
2

x y 2 x =0

( thi HSG tnh Qung Bnh)

x, x y 1 0

iu kin
.
Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi
x =1 + x y 1 y = 2 x y 1 y 2 = 4( x y 1)
( y + 2) 2 = 4 x

y +2 = 2 x

Phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng vi

( y + x ) 2 = xy 2 y + x = y x

Ta c:

y +2 = 2 x
y+

x =y

y =2
x =4

y +2 = 2 x

y 2 y 2 = 0

y +2 = 2 x
2 y + y + 2 = y ( y + 2)

y = 1
1
x=
4

Th li ta thy cc nghim u tha.

Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim nh trn.
1

Bi 6. Gii h phng trnh

y 2 x
=
+2
x
y

y ( x 2 +1 1) = 3 x 2 + 3

( thi chn i tuyn trng Chuyn L Qu n, Bnh nh)

7

iu kin

x > 0, y 0 .

1
y 2 x
+ =
+2
y
x x

y x + y 2 = 2 x x + 2 xy

y 2 + y ( x 2 x) 2 x x = 0

bc 2 bin y, ta c:
Xem y l phng trnh
= ( x 2 x) 2 + 8 x x = ( x + 2 x) 2 > 0

Do phng trnh c 2 nghim l

(2 x x ) ( x + 2 x)
= x
2
(2 x x ) + ( x + 2 x)
y2 =
= 2x
2
y1 =

Vi y = x ta c: x ( x 2 +1 1) = 3x 2 + 3
M x ( x 2 +1 1) < 0 < 3x 2 + 3 nn phng trnh ny v nghim.
Vi

y = 2x

ta c:

2 x ( x 2 +1 1) = 3x 2 + 3 x 2 +1(2 x 3 ) = 2 x

( x 2 +1)(4 x 2 4 3 x + 3) = 4 x 2
4 x 4 4 3x 4 3x 3 + 3 + 3x 2 = 0
( x 3 )(4 x 3 + 3 x 3 ) = 0 x = 3

Vy h phng trnh c nghim l ( x, y ) =(

3, 2 3 )

2 x y + 3 xy = 4 x + 9 y
2

Bi 7. Gii h phng trnh

7 y + 6 = 2x 2 +9x

( thi chn i tuyn Nha Trang, Khnh Ha)

T phng trnh th nht ta c:
T phng trnh th hai ta c:

4x2
y= 2
2 x + 3x 9
y=

Do

2x2 + 9x 6
7

4x 2
2x 2 + 9x 6
=
28 x 2 = (2 x 2 + 9 x 6)(2 x 2 + 3x 9)
7
2 x 2 + 3x 9
( x + 2)(2 x 1)(2 x 2 + 9 x 27) = 0
x = 2 x =

y=

1
9 3 33
x=
2
4

16
1
y=
y =3
7
7

Th li ta thy cc nghim u tha.

8

Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim phn bit ( x, y ) =(2,

16
1 1
9 3 33
); ( ,
); (
, 3) .
7
2 7
4

2 2 x + y = 3 2 x y

Bi 8. Gii h phng trnh

x +6 + 1 y = 4

( thi HSG tnh Vnh Phc)

2 x + y 0, y 1.

iu kin
Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi
2 2 x + y + 2 x + y 3 = 0 ( 2 x + y 1)( 2 x + y + 3) = 0
2 x + y =1 y =1 2 x

Thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:

3

x + 6 + 2x = 4

V tri tng theo bin x nn phng trnh trn c khng qu mt nghim.

Gii phng trnh c x = 2 y = 3 .
Vy h phng trnh c nghim

( x, y ) = (2, 3) .

2 y ( x 2 y 2 ) = 3x
x ( x 2 + y 2 ) =10 y

Bi 9. Gii h phng trnh

( thi chn i tuyn trng Chuyn Lam Sn, Thanh Ha)

Nu x = 0 y = 0 v ngc li nn h phng trnh c nghim
Chia tng v hai phng trnh ca h, ta c:
2 y( x 2 y 2 ) 3x
=
3x 4 17 x 2 y 2 + 20 y 4 = 0
x( x 2 + y 2 ) 10 y

(x2 x 4y 2=)(3x42 y5y2 ) = 0

2

Vi

x2 = 4 y2

ta c:

x2 =

5y2
3
2 y3 = x
xy = 2

2 y.3 y 2 =3 x
x.5 y 2 =10 y

x =2
y =1

2 y3 = x

2y4 =2

2 y.

Vi

5
x = y2
3
2

ta c:

x.

2 2
y = 3x
3

8 2
y = 10 y
3

4 y 3 =9 x
4 xy =15

( x, y ) = (0, 0) .

x =

4 y 3 =9 x

16 y 4 =135

y =

15
2 135
4

135
2

Vy h phng trnh c 5 nghim nh trn.

5(x + y) 6( x + z)
+
=4
x + y + 6xy x + z + 5xz
6(z + y) 4(x + y)
+
=5
z + y + 4zy x + y + 6xy
4( x + z) 5( y + z)
+
=6
x + z + 5xz y + z + 4xy

Bi 10. Gii h phng trnh

( thi chn i tuyn trng PTNK, Thnh ph HCM)

t

a=

x+y
x + y + 6 xy

b=

5a + 6c = 4

Ta c:

Do

6b + 4a = 5
4c + 5b = 6

x+y
1
=
x + y + 6 xy 8
z+y
3
=
z + y + 4 zy 4
x +z
9
=
x + z + 5 xz 16

z+y
z + y + 4 zy

x+z

, c = x + z + 5 xz

4 5a
c=
6
4a + 6b = 5
4 5a
5b + 4(
) =6
6

( z + y ) =12 yz
7( x + z ) = zx

1
33
=
x
14
1
45
=
y 14
1 123
=
z
14

10

1
8
3
b=
4
9
c=
16
a=

7( x + y ) = 6 xy

1 1 6
+ =
x y 7
1 1
+ =12
y z
1 1 45
+ =
z x
7

14
33
14
y=
45
14
z=
123
x=

Vy h phng trnh c nghim nh trn.

x

121
27 2
9
x 2 + y 2 + xy 3 x 4 y + 4 = 0
x2 + 2x =

Bi 11. Gii h phng trnh

( thi HSG tnh Qung Nam)

Phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng vi

y 2 + y ( x 4) + x 2 3 x + 4 = 0

Xem y 2l phng
trnh bc2 2 bin y, ta c:
2

= ( x 4) 4( x 3 x + 4) = 3 x + 4 x 0 0 x
x

4
3

4 2
4
121
2
2.3
2
Do x + 2 x + 27 ( 3 ) + 2. 3 + 27 = 9

Phng trnh
th nht ca h tng ng vi
x
x 2 + 2 x + 27 2 =

Nn

x=

121
9

4
4
y=
3
3

Vy h phng trnh c nghim

Bi 12. Gii h phng trnh

4 4
( x, y ) = ( , ) .
3 3
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2010 2
x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 2010 3

( thi chn i tuyn Ninh Bnh)

T phng trnh th nht ca h, ta c:
3

x 3 + y 3 + z 3 x + y + z

x , y , z 2010

2010( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = 20103

T phng trnh th hai ca h, ta c:

x 2 ( 2010 x ) = 0
y 2 (2010 y ) = 0
z 2 ( 2010 z ) = 0

x = 0 x = 2010
y = 0 y = 2010
z = 0 z = 2010

Kt hp vi phng trnh th nht.

Vy h phng trnh c 3 nghim l

( x, y , z ) = (0,0,2010); (0,2010,0); ( 2010,0,0) .

( 2 x 3 x + 4)(2 y 2 3 y + 4) = 18
2

Bi 13. Gii h phng trnh

x 2 + y 2 + xy 7 x 6 y +14 = 0

11

Xt

( thi chn i tuyn trng Chuyn HSP H Ni)

(*)

x 2 + y 2 + xy 7 x 6 y + 14 = 0

Xem (*) l phng trnh bc 2 theo bin x, ta c:

x 2 + x( y 7) + y 2 6 y + 14 = 0

Phng trnh
ny2 c nghim khi2
2

x = ( y 7) 4( y 6 y + 14) = 3 y + 10 y 7 0 1 y

7
3

Xem (*) l phng trnh bc 2 theo bin y, ta c:

y 2 y ( x 6) + x 2 7 x + 14 = 0

Phng trnh
ny
c nghim khi
2
2
2

y = ( x 6) 4( x 7 x + 14) = 3x + 16 x 20 0 2 x

Ta xt hm s

f (t ) = 2t 2 3t + 4 f ' (t ) = 4t 3 = 0 t =

10
3

3
<1
4

Do hm s ng bin trn [1,+) .

Ta c: f ( x) f (2) f ( x). f ( y ) 18
f ( y ) f (1)

ng thc xy ra khi x = 2, y =1 .
Th li vo (*) ta thy khng tha.
Vy h phng trnh v nghim.
Bi 14. Gii h phng trnh

x 4 + x3 y + 9 y = y3 x + x 2 y 2 + 9x
x( y 3 x 3 ) = 7

( thi HSG tnh Hng Yn)

T phng trnh th nht ca h, ta c:
( x 4 xy 3 ) + (9 y 9 x) + ( x 3 y x 2 y 2 ) = 0 ( x y )[ x ( x + y ) 2 9] = 0

T phng trnh th hai ca h, ta c:

x y x ( x + y) 2 = 9 x > 0

Ta c:

x( x + 3 x 3 +

x( y 3 x 3 ) = 7 y = 3 x 3 +

7 2
7
7
) = x[ x 2 + 2 x 3 x 3 + + 3 ( x 3 + ) 2 ] = x 3 + 2 x 3 x 6 + 7 + 3 x( x 4 + 7) 2
x
x
x

V x > 0 nn y l hm ng bin.
Do

7
x

x( x + 3 x 3 +

7 2
) =9
x

c khng qu mt nghim.

Thay x =1 vo biu thc, ta thy tha.

Vy h phng trnh c nghim ( x, y ) = (1,

2) .

12

2. H BT PHNG TRNH
1. Khi nim v h bt phng trnh
Nh h phng trnh, chng ta cng c cc nh ngha tng t v h bt
phng trnh.
nh l di y m t mt s php bin i thng dng trn h bt phng
trnh:
Cho h bt phng trnh
f 1 ( x , y ) > g1 ( x , y )

(*)

f 2 ( x, y ) > g 2 ( x, y )

c tp xc nh D; h(x,y) l mt hm s xc nh trn D (h(x,y) c th l mt

hng s). Khi trn D, h phng bt trnh cho tng ng vi mi h
sau:
1)
2)

f1 ( x , y ) + h ( x , y ) > g1 ( x , y ) + h ( x , y )
f2 ( x, y )>g2 ( x , y )

f1 ( x , y ). h ( x , y ) > g1 ( x , y ).h ( x , y )
f 2 ( x, y )>g2 ( x, y )

nu h(x,y) lun dng vi mi x thuc D.

Trong khi h sau l h bt phng trnh h qu ca (*).
3)

f1 ( x , y ) >g1 ( x , y )
f 2 ( x , y ) + f ( f1 ( x , y )).h ( x , y ) >g 2 ( x , y ) + f ( g1 ( x , y )).h ( x , y )

nu h(x,y) lun dng vi mi x thuc D.

13

3x 5 0
x 2 3x + 2 0
x 3
<0
x +1

V d 1. Gii h bt phng trnh

Gii ln lt tng bt phng trnh ca h, ta c:

5
].
3
Bt phng trnh th hai c tp nghim l S 2 = (; 1] [2; + ) .
Bt phng trnh th ba c tp nghim l S 3 = (1;3) .
Vy tp nghim ca h bt phng trnh l S = S1 S 2 S3 = (1; 1] .

Bt phng trnh th nht c tp nghim l

S1 = ( ;

Ngoi cc h phng trnh v h bt phng trnh, trong thc t chng ta

cn gp cc h phng trnh bt phng trnh, tc l cc h c cha c
phng trnh v bt phng trnh. Cc khi nim v cc php bin i tng
ng v bin i h qu trn cc h ny c nh ngha tng t.
x 2 y + y =3
V d 2. Gii h
x y =5

H tng ng vi
x 2y
x 2 y + y = 3
x y =5

x <2y
2 y x + y =3
x y =5

H th nht v nghim.
H th hai, hai phng trnh cho ta nghim y=4, x=9 nhng khng tha
mn bt phng trnh.
Vy h v nghim.

3. Mt s bi ton h bt phng trnh trong cc thi

HSG tnh, thnh ph
x 6 + y 8 + z 10 1

Bi 1. Gii h bt phng trnh

x 2007 + y 2009 + z 2011 1

( thi chn i tuyn Bnh nh)

T bt phng trnh th nht ca h, ta c:
T bt phng trnh th hai ca h, ta c:

1 x, y , z 1 .

x 2007 + y 2009 + z 2011 1 x 6 + y 8 + z10

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 0 x 6 (1 x 2001 ) + y 8 (1 y 2001 ) + z10 (1 y 2001 )

M x 6 (1 x 2001 ), y 8 (1 y 2001 ), z10 (1 y 2001 ) 0

Do phi c ng thc xy ra
x 6 (1 x 2001 ) = y 8 (1 y 2001 ) = z10 (1 y 2001 ) = 0
x , y , z =1 x , y , z = 0

Kt hp vi iu kin ca h.
Vy h bt phng trnh c 3 nghim l
Bi 2. Gii h bt phng trnh

( x, y , z ) = (0,0,1); (0,1,0); (1,0,0) .

2 x y + x 1 2( x 1) + 2( 2 x y ) 2
y 2 + 4 x x 1 17 = 0

( thi HSG tnh Khnh Ha)

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