.

. .

PN (
) 2



0.7V (Si)


( ,
)

BC
:

 BE
BC



:
DC=Ic/Ie
DC=Ic/Ib




100 300
30 150

()
()
()





(VCE) 0
0
VCE 1V
(
BC)
VCE , 30V
,
VCE .

PD=IcVce,

BC, BE

(saturation)

VCE
Ic

(active) VCE 1 30V

B,
VCE
BC

(breakdown)

Ib=0

(cutoff)



VCB, -, , 60V
VCEO, -
, , 40V
VB, -, , 6V
c,

DA,

DC, C

(C, VCE)


:
C =DC B
VCE = VCC-ICRC




,

,
QH QL

Q
QH QL



:




,
2.2mV/oC


Q


( )




RE
DC



(0,Vcc/(Rc+RE)) (Vcc,0)

: Vb=VccR2/(R1+R2)
: Ve=Vb-Vbe, Vbe=0.7V (Si)
: Ie=Ve/Re
IcIe
Vc=Vcc-IcRc
- Vce=Vc-Ve

Ui
C1

C2
(DC) ( )

 AC:
rb= re

!!
re=ui/ieui/ic
To AC
(
)
ib=ui/(re), ic=ib, L=icrL=ibrL=(rL/re) ui
L
ui 180
( ) Av=L/i=rL/re



CE:
Av=rL/(RE +re),
rb(RE +re)


Vcc=20V, i=10mV, R1=82K, R2=18K, RE=1K, RC=2.2K,
RL=4.7K

Vb=VccR2/(R1+R2)=3.6V
Ve=Vb-Vbe=3.6-0.7=2.9V
IeIc=Ve/RE=2.9mA

re=i/Ic=10mV/2.9mA=3.45Ohm
rL=Rc RL/(Rc +RL)=1.5K
=100, rb=re=100*3.45=345Ohm
Av=rL/re=434 ( CE) rL/(RE+re)= 1.49 (
CE)
L= AV i = 4.34V ( CE)
14.9mV ( CE)



Thevenin

Norton

v1, i2 v2, i1
:
v1=h11i1+h12v2
i2=h21i1+h22v2

h11 (hie):

h12 (hre):

h21 (hfe):

h22 (he):

v1=hiei1+hrev2
i2=hfei1+hoev2

Av

h fe rL
hie (hie hoe h fe hre )rL


(Operational Amplifiers


()

(i)
()
()
v= /i


(opamp)
(+),
(-)
(V+)

(V-) opamp
0
opamp
( 5V)
V+<V-
0 0 5V


:

: Thevenin


:

:

.


. (741)

BJT 741 pamp

 CMOS . .

2V
2000 27 C
22000=4mV
1990
50 C,
21990=3.98mV

5V 2V
3V 3V/(52V)=3000000

opamp





. ( 1)

0V ( 0)


+
-

R2o
,o Av (2 i )
R1 R2

i 0
ACL=(R1+R2)/R2, R1
. R1=0,
voltage follower

:
AOL ACL

fCL
3dB ( 0.707
: 20log(0.707)=-3dB


10mV
1V
R2 R1=2K
cl=1V/0.01V=100=1+R1/R299=R1/R2
R2=20.2Ohm

vo=AOL(v1-v2)v1-v2=vo/AOL
AOL
.
.
0V
0V ( -virtual
ground).
: !
Kirchoff 2 : i=vi/R2=vo/R1 A=vo/v1=-R2/R1

=(1-2) =R1/R2 (1)

:
1=0. 1=-2R1/R2 (2)
2=0. 2=1(R1/(R1+R2))(1+R1/R2)=1R1/R2 (3)
=1+2
(2) (3) (1)
R3 (
) R4 ( 1) (1) R1/R2=R3/R4
( . . ..)

 (weighted summer)

i1=-1/R1, i2=-2/R2
0 (virtual ground)
if= 0/Rf =i1+ i2 += -1/R1 -2/R2 0=- (1Rf/R1+2Rf/R2+3Rf/R3+)




..

Vo(s)/Vo(s)=-Z2(s)/Z1(s), s=j

 Miller

v0(t)=-vc vc

1 t
vc (t ) Vc 0i(t )dt
C

v1 (t )
i (t )
R

i(t)
virtual ground .

R