foaYmd,k

újrK
wxl

5
úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
wfydais l< hq;af;a
wehs
Y%S ,xldj 1948 Bkshd ksoyiska miq fï jk úg jir
61la .;lr ;sfí' bka jir 31lau Y%S ,xldj .;lr
we;af;a taldêm;s n,;, iys; úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
@
hgf;ah' rgg iy ck;djg m%cd;ka;%jdoh wysñ
jQ" nrm;< iudc jHikhka ks¾udKh jQ" cd;sjd§
flda<y,j, isg fnÿïjd§ hqoaO olajd cd;sl wiu.sh
j¾Ok jQ jxpd ¥IK byjyd .sh" w;a;fkdau;sl md,k
ld,hla f,i tu 31 jir ,dxlSh b;sydih ;=< igyka
;nd we;' ta i|yd jeäu odhl;ajh imhd we;af;a
úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uhhs'

oeka h,s;a úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh .ek ixjdohla rg ;=< u;=

ù ;sfí' fï ixjdoh rg ;=< u;= lsÍug mqfrda.dó jQfha uq, isgu
úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uhg tfrysj y`v ke.+ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKh'
fï fudfydf;a fujka ixjdohla u;= lsÍug fya;= jQfha úOdhl
ckdêm;s l%uh ;u m<uq OQr ld,h wjika ùug fmr wfydais lrk
njg fmdfrdkaÿ ù ckdêm;s OQrhg m;a jQ j;auka ckdêm;sjrhd
;j;a ckdêm;sjrKhla meje;aùug iQodkï ùu ksidh' tneúka
úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfma rgg .e,fmao keoao hkak;a" th ìys
lrkq ,enQfha l=ula i|yd o hkak;a" bka isÿjQ ydks fudkjdo hkak;a"
th wfydais l< hq;af;a wehs o hkak;a wm úuid ne,sh hq;=h' fï ta
foaYmd,k újrK - wxl 05

fjkqfjka flfrk uq,msÍuls'

úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh ìys jQ yeá

i¾j n,OdÍ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfma rgg y÷kajd ÿkafka
1978 § iïu; lr.;a kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.sks' wdKavql%u
jHjia:djla hkq rgl uQ,sl kS;sh fõ' rgl ck;dj Ôj;a jkafka
tu uQ,sl kS;sh hgf;a jk ksid;a m%cd;ka;%jdofha uQ,O¾uj,g
wkqj kS;sfha W,am; úh hq;af;a fmdÿ ck;djf.a leue;a; jk
ksid;a wdKavql%u jHjia:djla iïu; lr .ksoa§ Bg ck;dj iyNd.s
lr .ekSu fukau wjidkfha Bg ck;d leue;a; ,nd .ekSu o
w;HjYH fõ' tfy;a ,xldfõ lsisÿ wdKavql%u jHdjia:djla uy
ck;djg bÈßm;a lr iïu; lrf.k ke;' fuf;la wm rg ;=<
mej;s wdKavql%u jHjia:d ish,a,u ck;dj u; nf,ka megjQ
tajdh'
jir 150l muK hg;aúð; md,khlska miq 1948 § ,xldjg
Bkshd ksoyi ,ndfok úg kj wdKavql%u jHjia:djla o y÷kajd
ÿkafka h' ì%;dkH fjiaÜñksiag¾ md,kfha ,CIK iys;j" fida,anß
idñjrhdf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka ilia l< tu jHjia:dj wm u; mgjk
,oafoa ck;d leue;a; úuiSulska f;drjh' tu jHjia:dj ;=<
w.ue;s m%uqL leìkÜ uKav,h fj; úOdhl n,;, mjrd ;snQ w;r
md¾,sfïka;=jg wu;rj W;a;r uka;%s uKav,h ^fifkÜ uka;%s
uKav,h& kï wdh;khla o ;snqKs' ì%;dkH /ðkf.a ksfhdað;hd
f,i w.%dKavqldrjrfhla o isák ,§'
miqj 1970 n,hg meñKs iu.s fmruqKq wdKavqj md¾,sfïka;=j
;=< ;ukag ,enqKq 2$3 n,h mdúÉÑ fldg by; wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
wfydais fldg 1972 § kj jHjia:djla iïu; lr .;af;ah' th
ye¢kajQfha ckrc jHjia:dj kñks' ta wkqj ,xldj ckrchla f,i
ye¢kaúKs'
tys§ ì%;dkHh iu. ;snQ ne£ï ish,a, wfydais l< w;r
w.%dKavqldr ;k;=r fjkqjg kdu ud;%slj ckdêm;s ;k;=rla o
ks¾udKh lrk ,§' ckdêm;sjrhd m;a lrk ,oafoa Pkaofhka
2
 úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;af;a wehs@

fkdj w.ue;sjrhd úisks' w.ue;s m%uqL weu;s uKav,h úOdhl

n,h bisÆ w;r ckdêm;s m;alrk ,oafoa w.ue;sjrhd úisks' tys§
md¾,sfïka;=fõ nyq;r uka;%S ixLHdjl leue;a; we;s mqoa.,hd
w.ue;s ;k;=rg m;a lsÍu iïm%odh úh' fuys§ W;a;r uka;%s
uKav,h wfydais lr ;snqKs' fuu jHjia:dj o iïu; lr.kakd
,oafoa ck;djf.a leue;a; úuid fkdfõ'
bkamiq 1977 § md¾,sfïka;=fõ § 5$6 l nyq;rhla iys;j n,hg
meñKs tlai;a cd;sl mCI wdKavqj tu 5$6 n,h fhdod .ksñka 1972
ckrc jHjia:dj wfydais fldg kj jHjia:djla ilid th 1978 §
iïu; lr .kakd ,§' j;auka úOdhl n,;, iys; ckdêm;s l%uh
y÷kajd ÿkafka tu jHjia:dj u.sks' miqj l< ixfYdaOkhka u.ska
tjlg meje;s ue;sjrK l%uho fjkia lrk ,§' flfia fj;;a
fï 78 jHjia:djo iqmqreÿ mßÈ ck;dj u; nf,ka megjQjla úh'
Bgo ck;djf.a leue;a; fkdúuik ,§' j¾;udkfha wfma rgg
nrm;< w¾nqohla njg m;aj we;af;a" 1978§ chj¾Ok md,kh úiska
ks¾udKh fldg iïu; lr.;a jHjia:dfõ wvx.= úOdhl ckdêm;s
l%uhh'

úOdhl ckdêm;s n,h l=ula i|yd o@

Y%S ,xldj ;=< úOdhl n,;, iys; ckdêm;s l%uhla ks¾udKh
lrkq ,enQfha fya;= rys;j fkdfõ' meyeÈ,s fya;= iys;jh' 1975 jk
úg tf;la ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jQ rdcH taldêldÍ Okjdoh nrm;,
w¾nqohlg m;aj ;snqKs' ta w;ru f,dal mßudKfhka o f,dj ;=<
mj;ajdf.k .sh rdcH iqnidOk wd¾Ól rgdj w¾nqohlg m;aj
;snqKs' ta wkqj wd¾Ól Wmdh ud¾.hla f,i fj<|fmd< wd¾Ólh
fyj;a újD; wd¾Ólh f,dal uÜgñka wdrïN ù ;sìKs' ,xldfõ o
1975 § iu.s fmruqKq wdKavqfõ uqo,a weu;s ;k;=rg m;a *S,slaia
vhia nKavdrkdhl uy;d ksoyia fj<|fmd< wd¾Ólh fhdackd
l<o th l%shdjg ke.Sug iu.s fmruqKg fkdyels úh' ta 1977
ue;sjrKfhka Tjqka mrdchg m;a jQ ksidh'
1977 ue;sjrKfhka n,hg tk úgu" tlai;a ckmohg jvd;a

3
foaYmd,k újrK - wxl 05

keUqre jQ mqoa.,fhla jQ chj¾Ok uy;dg újD; wd¾Ólh ,xldfõ

ia:dms; lsÍfï ie,iqula ;sìKs' ta i|yd Tyq wdo¾Yhg .;af;a
isx.mamQrejhs' ,xldj isx.mamQrejla lrk nj Tyq mejiqfõ tneúks'
,xldjg újD; wd¾Ólh y÷kajd § mj;ajdf.k hk úg uqyqK §ug
isÿjk ndOdjka ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla chj¾Ok uy;dg ;sìKs'
merKs wd¾Ól l%uh fjkqjg kj fld,a,ldÍ újD; wd¾Ólh
;yjqre lrk úg merKs rgdj i|yd f.dvke.S ;snQ ks;S Í;s
iïm%odhka fukau wdh;k o ì| ±óug isÿjk nj;a" ta iu. u;=jk
ck;d úfrdaO;djkag o uqyqK §ug isÿjk nj;a ±kisá chj¾Ok
uy;d úiska tu ndOdj,g uqyqK §u i|yd taldêm;s n,;, iys;
úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh ks¾udKh lrk ,§' tmuKla fkdj tu
n,h fhdod .ksñka l,ska ;snQ iudc kS;SkAo" Í;Skao" iïm%odhkao
lvd ì| ±uQ chj¾Ok uy;d újD; wd¾Ólh ia:dms; lroa§ rdcH
wdh;k úl=Kd ouoa§ jevlrk ck;djg /ljrKh ÿka kS;s úfoaY
wdfhdaclhkag wjYH mßÈ fjkia lroa§" ck;djf.a me;af;ka
u;=jQ úfrdaO;djka o ì| ouk ,§' 80 cq,s jevj¾ckh u¾okh
lsÍu" 81 ixj¾Ok iNd Pkaofha isg Pkao uxfld,a, lEu" z;.a
ixia:djZ msysgqjd úreoaOjd§kag myr §u" kS;sh fkdi,ld yeÍu"
ue;sjrK l,a ±óu" foaYmd,k mCI ;ykï lsÍu wd§ nrm;,
m%cd;ka;%úfrdaë yd ck;dúfrdaë ls%hdud¾. /ilau Bg WodyrK
f,i mj;S' ta wkqj b;du meyeÈ,sj fmkS hkafka j;auka úOdhl
n,;, iys; ckdêm;s l%uh tlai;a cd;sl mCI wdKavqj úiska
1978 § ìys lrkq ,enQfõ" ngysr wd¾Ól Wmdh ud¾.hg wkqj hñka
fld,a,ldÍ újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh wfma rg u; n,y;aldrfhka
megùu i|yd;a th /l .ekSu i|yd;a njh' ta ksidu fuu l%uh
ìysùfï§u th ck;dúfrdaë yd m%cd;ka;%úfrdaë úh'

úOdhl ckdêm;s i;= iqmsß n,h

,xldfõ úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhd i;= n,;, f,dj lsisÿ úOdhl
ckdêm;sjrfhla i;=j ke;' fuys ks¾ud;D chj¾Ok uy;du jrla
m%ldY l< mßÈ fuu n,hg l< fkdyelafla .eyeKshla msßñfhla
lsÍu;a" msßñfhla .eyeKshla lsÍu;a muKs' wka ´kEu krl fohla
lsÍug óg yelsh' 1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:dj wkqj ,xldfõ úOdhl
4
 úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;af;a wehs@

ckdêm;sjrhd i;=j my; i|yka n,;, ;sfí'

•  Tyq rdcHfha m%Odkshd fõ'

•  Tyq wdKavqfõ m%Odkshd fõ'
•  Tyq úOdhlfha m%Odkshd fõ'
•  Tyq ikakoaO yuqodjkaf.a m%Odkshd fõ'
tfiau rdcHfha;a wdKavqfõ;a jeo.;au ;k;=re i|yd mqoa.,hka
m;a lsÍfï n,ho Tyq i;= fõ' ta wkqj"

•  w.ue;sjrhd m;a lrkafka Tyqh' th Tyqf.a ;ks

leue;a;g l< yel' rElvhla jqjo m;alr .; yel' ±ka
isÿù ;sfnkafkao thhs'
•  tfiau weu;s uKav,h m;a lrkafkao Tyqh' ta wkqj
;ukag leu;s ;rï ´kEu m%udKhl weu;s uKav,hla
m;alsÍug Tyqg yelshdj ;sfí' tys§ cku;h fyda
md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;u lKavdhfï u;h fkdi,ld yef¾'
ta wkqj j¾;udkfha§ m;alr we;s mßÈ ;%ia;jd§kag jqj
weu;slula Èh yel' ta Tyq i;= n,hhs'
•  tfiau rfÜ w.úksiqre yd fY%aIaGdêlrK úksiqrejreka
m;alsÍuo Tyq lrhs' yuqodm;sjreka m;a lsÍu" fmd,siam;sjrhd
m;alsÍu" úfoaY ;kdm;sjre yd uy flduidßiajre m;alsÍu
we;=¿ jeo.;a ;k;=rej,g mqoa.,hka m;a lsÍu Tyq i;=
n,hlaj mj;S'
•  Bg wu;rj md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd yeÍu" md¾,sfïka;=j
l,a;eîu" md¾,sfïka;=j le|ùu wdÈh fukau cku;
úpdrK meje;aùfï whs;sho Tyq i;= fõ'
•  tfiau hqoaOh yd iduh m%ldY lsÍu" jrolrejkag iudj
§u" rcfha pxp, fyda ksYap, foam, mjrd §u wdÈho Tyqg
wh;a n,;, w;r fõ'
5
foaYmd,k újrK - wxl 05

fï foi n,k úg fmfkkafka ,xldfõ úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhd

jHjia:dodhl" úOdhl yd wêlrK hk ish¨ n,hka orñka yd
tajdg by<ska isáñka tajd md,kh lrk ;eke;a;d njg m;aj we;s
njh'

úOdhl n,h m%cd;ka;%jdohg ndOdjla f,i

Y%S ,xldfõ mj;sk úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh m%cd;ka;%jdohg
nrm;, ;¾ck we;s lrk taldêm;s l%uhls' th m%cd;ka;%jdofha
m%Odk uQ,O¾uhg mgyeKsh' m%cd;ka;%jdofha m%Odk;u uQ,O¾uh
jkqfha ixjrKh yd ;=,khhs' tkï n,h jrKh ^iSud& úhhq;= ùu
yd n,h ;=,kh úh hq;= njhs' úOdhl ckdêm;s ;k;=r mj;sk
rgj,§ mjd wdKavql%u jHjia:d ;=< fï i|yd jHqyhka yd l%u
ilia lr ;sfí' tys f;areu n,h fyj;a ck;d mrudêm;H ;ks
mqoa.,fhla w;g hdfï § isÿúh yels w;a;fkdau;sl" ys;=jlaldr"
j.lSfuka f;dr l%shd md,kh lsÍuhs' weußld tlai;a ckmofha
ckdêm;sjrhdg mjd iSud mkjd ;sfí' Tyq kS;shg hg;ah' tfiau
tys mj;sk uyck ksfhdað; wdh;k jk fldka.%ia uKav,hg yd
fifkÜ iNdjg ckdêm;sjrhdf.a n,;, md,kh lsÍfï yelshdj
,nd§ ;sfí' tfy;a ,xlfõ § ta lsisÿ md,khla fyda ;=,khla ke;'
,xldfõ úOdhl ckdêm;s taldêm;sfhls'

I' ckdêm;s ck;djg j. fkdlshhs

•  ,xldfõ ckdêm;sjrhdg n,h ,efnkafka

ck;djf.ks' ck;d mrudêm;Hh ;ksju ksfhdackh
lsÍfï n,h Tyqg ,eî ;sfí' Tyqg n,h ,efnkafka"
ckdêm;sjrKhl§ ck;d Pkaofhks' tf,i ck;djf.ka
n,h ,nd.;a;o Tyq ck;djg j. lshkafka ke;'
Tyq ck;djf.a úYajdih ì|±uQ úg" rgg;a ck;djg;a
tfrysj lghq;= lrk úg" ck;djf.a uyck uqo,a ish
fm!oa.,sl wruqKq i|yd fhdod .ksñka kdia;s lrk úg"
ta fjkqfjka .; yels lsisÿ l%shdud¾.hla ke;' ta ksidu
úOdhl ckdêm;s OQrh ck;djg j. fkdlshk OQrhla
6
 úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;af;a wehs@

njg m;aj ;sfí'

II' ckdêm;s md¾,sfïka;=jg j. fkdlshhs

•  ,xldfõ ckdêm;sjrhdg md¾,sfïka;=j l,a;eîug"

h<s le|ùug md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd yeÍug fukau
Bg iyNd.s ù th weu;Sugo n,h ;sfí' tfy;a Tyq
md¾,sfïka;=jg j. lshkafka ke;' Bg by<ska isà'
fuh b;d nrm;< ;;a;ajhls' ta ms<sn|j 1978 wdKavql%u
jHjia:dfõ i|ykaj we;af;a fufiah'
—iajlSh OQrfhys n,h m%ldr ljr jQ wjia:djl
md¾,sfïka;=jg iyNd.s ùfï" th weu;Sfï iy thg
ixfoaY heùfï whs;sh ckdêm;sjrhdg we;af;ah' ta
whs;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ Pkaoh mdúÉÑ lsÍfï whs;sh
yer md¾,sfïka;= uka;%sjrhl= i;= ish¨ jrm%idoj,g"
mßydrj,g iy n,;,j,g ckdêm;sjrhd ysñlï
,nk w;r" md¾,sfïka;=j fyda tys uka;%sjrhka fyda
i;= hï jrm%ido lv lsÍula iïnkaOfhka Tyq j.lsh
hq;= fkdjkafka h'˜
^33 j.ka;sh 3 Wm j.ka;sh&

III' ckdêm;s wêlrKhg j. fkdlshhs

•  ,xldfõ ckdêm;sjrhd ck;djg yd md¾,sfïka;=jg

muKla fkdj wêlrKhgo j. fkdlshhs' Bg by<ska isà'
fuh o m%cd;ka;%jdofha uQ,sl isoaOdka;j,g mgyeKsh'
fmdÿfõ .;a úg uq¨ iNH iudchu ms<s.kakd uQ,O¾uh
jkafka —kS;sh bÈßfha ish¨ fokd iudkh˜ hkakh'
tfy;a ,xldfõ ckdêm;sg th wod, fkdfõ' Tyq ;u OQr
ld,h ;=< lrk ,o jrolg fyda fkdlrk ,o lreKlg
Tyqg tfrysj lsisÿ wêlrKhl kvq mejÍu fyda kvq

7
foaYmd,k újrK - wxl 05

mj;ajdf.k hdu l< fkdyel' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ

th i|yka jkafka fufiah'
—ckdêm;sjrhd f,i OQrh ork ljr jQ fyda
;eke;af;l= úiska fm!oa.,sl ;;a;ajfhys,d fyda
ks, ;;a;ajfhys,d fyda lrk ,o fyda fkdlr
yßk ,o lsisjla iïnkaOfhka Tyqg úreoaOj lsisu
wêlrKhl fyda úksYaph wêldßhl lsisu kvq
lghq;a;la mejÍu fyda mj;ajdf.k hdu fkdl<
hq;af;a h'˜
^35 j.ka;sh 1 Wm j.ka;sh&
•  fï wkqj nh ke;sj wmrdO lsÍug yels ;;a;ajhla
ckdêm;sg ,nd§ ;sfí' fuh md,lhd foaj;ajhg
kexùuls' th fï kQ;k iudchg fkd.e,fma' fujeks
;;a;ajhka mej;=fka merKs jy,a yd jevjiï iudcj,
isá rcq fjkqfjks' ta wkqj 78 jHjia:dj úiska ks¾udKh
lr we;af;a i¾jn,OdÍ mqoa.,fhls'
fï ms<sn| WodyrK lsysmhlau wmg ;sfí' miq.sh ld,fha wfma
rfÜ fY%aIaGdêlrKh fmg%,a ñ, wvq lrk f,i rchg ksfhda. l<
úg tu ksfhda.h fkdi,ld lghq;= lrñka ckdêm;sjrhd ;u n,h
fmkaúh' tfiau jrla wêlrKfhys jfrka;= ksl=;a lr ;snQ irK
.=Kj¾Ok uka;%sjrhd wr,sh.y ukaÈrhg f.kajd W;aijhlg
iyNd.s lrjd .ekSfukao" wfma rfÜ m%isoaO ñkSuereï kvqjl ^kkaok
nd,f.a kvqj& m<uq ú;a;slrejdg weu;slula ,nd§fukao wêlrKhg
wmydi lf<ah' tfy;a ckdêm;sg tfrysj kS;suh mshjr .; fkdyels
ksid Tyq /lS ;sfí' tfiau miq.sh wf.daia;= udifha mskakj, w,s
wkd:d.drfhka we;a megjqka fofofkl= meyerf.k hdug tfrysj
i;a;aj wúysxid ix.uhla fY%aIaGdêlrKhg .sfhah' fY%aIaGdêlrKfha
kvqj úNd. fjoa§ ckdêm;sjrhd tu we;a megjq fofokd uykqjr
m%Odk úydr follg mQcd lf<ah' bka wk;=rej kvqfõ ;Skaÿj foñka
fY%aIaGdêlrKh mejiqfõ ckdêm;sjrhd we;a megjqka mQcdlr we;s
ksid ta ms<sn| ksfhda.hla §ug fY%aIaGdêlrKhg fkdyels njh' ta"
8
 úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;af;a wehs@

ckdêm;s wêlrKhg by<ska isàfï M,úmdlh'

úOdhl n,fha Ndú;dj

úOdhl ckdêm;s n,h rgg jevodhl f,i fhdod.; yels
hehso tneúka ;j;a l,la ^rg ye§ug@& fuu l%uh ;sìh hq;=
hehso" hqoaOh ch .;af;a fuu OQrfha n,h ksid hehso wd§ ;¾l
/ila wdKavqj bÈßm;a lrñka isá' tfy;a fï lsisjla i;H fkdfõ'
úOdhl n,h wfma rfÜ fyda ck;djf.a hym; Wfoid fhdod.;a
tlÿ wjia:djla wmg b;sydifhka uqK fkd.efia' miq.sh od
ch.%yKh l< ;%ia;jdoh meroùfï hqoaOh mjd ch.kq ,enQfha
úOdhlfha n, uysuh ksid fkdj ck;djf.a wêIaGdkh ksidh'
furg foaYfm%aó ck;dj;a" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK we;=¿ foaYfm%aó
n,fõ.;a hqoaOh ch.ekSu i|yd u; ilia lrñka rg tu ;;ajhg
m;alr wdKavqj Bg fufyhùu;a ikakoaO yuqod hqoaOh wjika
lsÍfï ;sr wÈgk iys;j lemùfuka lghq;= lsÍu;a ksid hqoaOh
ch.; yels úh' uyskao rdcmCI ckdêm;sjrhd fldá meroùfï
hqoaOh lrf.k hdug yuqodjkag bv ,ndÿka nj i;H jqj;a úOdhl
n,h fhdod ta fjkqfjka lsisjla lf<a ke;'
fjku rdcHhla i|yd fldá ixúOdkhg úYd, jdishla
f.kÿka igka úrdu .súiqu wjYH fudfydf;a wfydais lsÍug
uyskao rdcmCI uy;d úOdhl n,h fhdod .;af;a ke;' tfiau
W;=re m<d;g n,y;aldrfhka wE\ ;snQ kef.kysr m<d; W;=ßka
fjka lsÍug úOdhl n,hg yelshdj ;snqKo ta i|yd uyskao
rdcmCI uy;d úOdhl n,h mdúÉÑ lf<a ke;' W;=re m<df;ka
kef.kysr m<d; fjkalrkq ,enQfha wêlrK l%shdud¾.hla u.ska
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úisks' tmuKla fkdj fldá ixúOdkh
;ykï lsÍu mjd wjYH fudfydf;a fkdlr hqoaOfha wjika i;s
lsysmh fjk f;la l,a n,ñka isáfhao rdcmCI ckdêm;sjrhd w;
úOdhl n,h ;sìh§h' wfkla w;g miq.sh od ksud jQ ;%ia;jd§ hqoaOh
ks¾udKh jQfhao úOdhl ckdêm;s l%ufha m%cd;ka;%úfrdaëNdjh
;=<uh' wfma rfÜ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uhg ±ka jhi wjqreÿ 31ls'
;%ia;jdofha jhio ta m%udKhu úh' bka fmfkkafka úOdhl n,h
9
foaYmd,k újrK - wxl 05

;%ia;jdoh merÿjd fkdj Bg Wm; ÿka njh'

wfkla w;g úOdhl n,h ish mgq Wjukdjka i|yd ck;djg
tfrysj fhdod.;a wjia:d úYd, m%udKhla wfma rfÜ b;sydih ;=<
±lsh yel' bka m%Odk wjia:d lsysmhla muKla i|yka lrkqfha
fmdÿ ck;djf.a wjfndaOh i|ydh' ,xldfõ m%:u úOdhl ckdêm;s
chj¾Ok uy;d ;u OQr ld,h ;=< úOdhl n,h fhdod .ksñka 80
cQ,s jevj¾ckh l=vqmÜgï fldg jevlrk ckhd u¾okh lf<ah'
81 ixj¾Ok iNd Pkaoh fld,a, lEfõh' hdmkfha mqia;ld,h .sks
,Efõh' 83g kshñ; uy ue;sjrKh l,a ±óu i|yd 82 foieïn¾
fydr cku; úpdrKhla mj;ajd cku;h fld,a, lEfõh' 83
cd;sjd§ flda,yd, wjq¨jd rg wmlS¾;shg m;al< w;r ck;d
úuqla;s fmruqK we;=¿ foaYmd,k mCI lsysmhla ;ykï lf<ah'
udkj ysñlï leãfï fpdaokdjg ,laj wêlrKfhka o`vqjï ,enQ
fmd,sia ks,Odßfhla jQ Wvq.ïfmd, uy;df.a ovh wdKavqfõ uqo,ska
f.jd Tyqg Wiiaùula§ wêlrKhg wmydi lf<ah' uer lKavdhï
msysgqjd lïlrejkag" ldka;djkag" nqoaêu;=kag yd wkaOhkag mjd
myr ÿkafkah' 1987§ n,y;aldrfhka bkaÿ ,xld .súiqu rg u;
mgjd bkaÈhdjg rg mdjd ÿkafkah' wêlrKfhka o`vqjï ,nd§ isá
wmrdOldrfhla jQ f.dakj, iqks,a keue;a;dg ckdêm;s iudjla
,nd § ksoyia lr .;af;ah' ta chj¾Ok uy;d úOdhl n,h zrg
fjkqfjkaZ fhdod .;a yeáh'
fm%auodi uy;do ;u iq¿ ld,h ;=< ys;=jlaldr ;SrK i|yd
fuu l%uh fhdod .;af;ah' ;ukag tfrysj md¾,sfïka;=jg
fodaIdNsfhda.hla bÈßm;a jQ fudfydf;a úOdhl n,h fhdod
md¾,sfïka;=j l,a oud bka .e,jqfKah'
bkamiq pkaøsld l=udr;=x. ckdêm;sksho fuf,iu úOdhl
n,h ys;=jlaldr f,i fhdod .ekSug W;aidy lf<ah' 2001§
md¾,sfïka;=jg úYajdiNx. fhdackdjla bÈßm;a jQ úg weho
md¾,sfïka;=j l,a ;nd cku; úpdrKhla le|ùug lghq;= lf<ah'
tu w¾nqoh ck;djg ys;lr f,i úi|kq ,enQfõ ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqfKa ueÈy;a ùfuks'
10
 úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;af;a wehs@

B,`.g j;auka ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmCI uy;do fuu l%uh

ck;d úfrdaë" m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ksñka isá'
úOdhl ckdêm;s n,;, hï muKlg fyda iSud lsÍug fya;=jk yd
m%cd;ka;%jdohg ys;lr jk ody;ajk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhg wkqj
m;al< hq;= iajdëk fldñIka iNd m;alsÍug wod, jk jHjia:dodhl
iNdj m;alsÍu meyer yßñka ckdêm;sjrhd jHjia:dj W,a,x>kh
lsÍugo ish úOdhl n,h Wmfhda.S lrf.k ;sfí' tfiau Tyq fmg%,a
ñ, wvq lsÍug fY%aIaGdêlrKh ÿka ;SrKh fkdi,ld isáfhah'
fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jdofha tla lf,l kdhlhkaj isá whg tfrys lsisÿ
mÍCIKhla fkdmj;ajd Tjqkag uy weu;slï wdKavqfõ weu;slï
§ug lghq;= lf<ah' tfiau ñkSuereï kvqjl m<uqjk ú;a;slreg
weu;slula ÿkafkah'
tfiau ñkSuereï kvqjla Tmamqù urK o`vqju ,nd isr.;j
isá ñ,afrdahs m%kdkaÿ weu;sjrhdf.a ìß| ckdêm;s iudjla§ ksoyia
lf<ah' ta 2009 ud¾;= 08od cd;Hka;r ldka;d Èkh ojfiah' mskakj,
w,s wkd:d.drfhka uõ we;skakf.ka fjka fldg meyer.;a we;a
megõ fofofkla uyck u;h fkdi,ld ckdêm;s n,h fhdod
mkai,a follg mQcd lf<ah' ta i;aj ysxidj i|yd ckdêm;s n,h
fhdod.;a ieáh'
tfiau mjqf,a n,h i|yd o úOdhl ckdêm;s OQrh uyskao
rdcmCI uy;d úiska fhdod .ksñka isá' ;u {d;s mq;%hd W!j
m<df;a uy weu;s lrkqfha tu n,h fhdoñks' tmuKla fkdfõ
úydr foajd,.ï mk;g wkqj foajd,j, ks,fï ;k;=re ork
whg uyck ksfhdað;hka f,i lghq;= lsÍu j<lajñka ;snQ kS;sh
miq.sh wf.daia;= 14 ksl=;a l< úfYaI .eiÜ ksfõokhlska fjkia
l< j;auka ckdêm;sjrhd tu kS;sh l;r.u foajd,hg muKla n,
fkdmdk f,i l;r.u foajd,h wod, ,ehsia;=fjka bj;a lf<ah'
ta ;u {d;s mq;%hd jQ YIskaø rdcmCIg uy weu;slu iu. tlúg
l;r.u foajd,fha niakdhl ks,fï ;k;=r o ±Íu i|ydh' fï ish¨
lreKqj,ska lshfjkafka úOdhl ckdêm;s OQrh fuf;la fhdodf.k
we;af;a ck;dj u¾okh lsÍug" uyck foam, fydrdlEug yd mjq,a
n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSug muKla njh'
11
foaYmd,k újrK - wxl 05

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa m%;sm;a;sh l=ula o@

úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uhg tfrysj ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa
úfrdaOh yÈisfha we;s jQjla fkdfõ' úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
ks¾udKh jQ 1978 isgu ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK Bg tfrys úh'
th wfydais lsÍu i|yd Woaf>daIK lf<ah' Wml%u fiùh' 1982
m<uq ckdêm;sjrKfha§o úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lrk
ks¾mdCIsl fmdÿ wfmaCIlhl= bÈßm;a l< hq;= nj ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqK mejiSh' tod úmCIfha isá Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIfha
jefkkiq¿ Ndjh ksid th id¾:l lr .ekSug fkdyels úh'
bkamiq o È.gu fuu m%;sm;a;sfha isá ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK 1994
ckdêm;sjrKfha§o úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh 1995 cQ,s 15g fmr
wfydais lrk njg fmdfrdkaÿjla pkaøsld l=udr;=x. uy;añhf.ka
,ndf.k ;u ckdêm;s wfmaCIlhd ;r.fhka bj;a lrf.k
úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍfï foaYmd,k ixjdoh rgg
f.k hdug lghq;= lf<ah' 2005 ckdêm;sjrKfha § ckdêm;s
wfmaCIl uyskao rdcmCI uy;d iu. we;slr.;a wjfndaO;d .súiqu
u.ska h<s;a úOdhl l%uh wfydais lsÍfï fldkafoaishlg Tyq tl`.
lrjd .;af;ah' ±ka j;auka wr.,h u;=ù ;sfnkafka" fmdfrdkaÿ
m%ldr uyskao rdcmCI uy;d úOdhl l%uh wfydais fkdfldg ;j;a
ckm;sjrKhla meje;aùug ;SrKh l< ksidh'

;j;a ckm;sjrKhlg hdug uyskaog whs;shla ;sfí o@

;j;a ckdêm;sjrKhla meje;aùug j;auka ckdêm;s uyskao
rdcmCI uy;dg iodpdrd;aul whs;shla ke;' ta wkqj 2005 meje;ajQ
ckm;sjrKh ,xldfõ wjika ckm;sjrKh úh hq;=h' th tfia
úh hq;af;a uyskao rdcmCI uy;d th tfia lsÍug fmdfrdkaÿ ù
we;s ksidh' 2005 ckm;sjrKhg fmr 2005 iema;eïn¾ 08od tjlg
w.ue;s yd ckdêm;s wfmaCIl uyskao rdcmCI uy;d yd ck;d
úuqla;s fmruqK w;r wr,sh.y ueÿf¾ § m%isoaêfha .súiqula w;aika
lrk ,§' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK uyskao rdcmCI uy;d Èkùug
lghq;= lf<a tu .súiqug wkqjh' rdcmCI uy;df.a ±ka j.lSu
jkafka" tu .súiqfuka tl`. jQ lreKq bgqlsÍuh' tu .súiqu kï
12
 úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;af;a wehs@

lrkq ,enQfõ —2005 ckdêm;sjrKh i|yd ckdêm;s OQr wfmaCIl

w.%dud;H uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud iy ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK
w;r w;aika ;enQ fM;sydisl m%;sm;a;suh iïuq;sh˜ kñks' tu
fM;sydisl m%;sm;a;suh iïuq;sfha 7jk j.ka;sh fufiah' —Y%S
,xldfõ m%cd;ka;%jd§ l%shdoduhg nrm;, f,i ydkslrjQ úOdhl
ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍu w;HjYH yd m%uqL ld¾hhla f,i
ms<sf.k 2005ka mgka .kakd 06jk ckdêm;s OQr ld,h wjika ùug
fmr úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍug tl`. fõ'˜ hkqfjks'
ta wkqj j;auka úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh m%cd;ka;%jdohg nrm;,
ydkslr tlla f,i ms<sf.k we;s rdcmCI uy;d th wfydais lsÍu
w;HjYH yd m%uqL ld¾hhla f,i ms<sf.k ;sfí' tfia kï ±ka l<
hq;=j we;af;a" tu m%uqL;djhg wkqj úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais
lsÍug lghq;= lsÍuh' tfia fkdue;sj ;j;a ckdêm;sjrKhla
yÈisfha meje;aùug lghq;= lsÍu fkdfõ'
tmuKla fkdfõ by; .súiqu wkqj úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
wfydais lsÍug ck;dj fjkqfjka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK iu.
tl`. jQ rdcmCI uy;d ckdêm;sjrKfha§ ck;djf.a Pkao b,a,d
m%ldYhg m;al< —uyskao Ñka;k˜ kï m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkfha 84 jk
msgqfõ —wdKavq m%;sixialrK˜ kï fldgfia o úOdhl l%uh wfydais
lrk njg fmdfrdkaÿ ù we;' uyskao rdcmCI ckdêm;sjrhd
úOdhl l%uh wfydais l< hq;af;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa n,mEug
fkdfõ' Tyq ck;djg fmdfrdkaÿ ù we;s mßÈ yd ta fjkqfjka
,enqKq ckjrug wkqj;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK iu. we;slr.;a
.súiqfuka fmdfrdkaÿ jQ mßÈ;a uyskao rdcmCI uy;d ish m<uq OQr
ld,h wjika úug fmr úOdhl ckm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;=h'

±ka .súiqu wj,x.= o@

,Êcd úrys;j fmdfrdkaÿ lvlrñka ;jÿrg;a úOdhl n,fha
isàug ;SrKh lr we;s ckdêm;sjrhd fjkqfjka m%iia;s .hk zrc
ueÿf¾ b÷,aj,skaZ Ôj;a jk iuyre ±ka úúO ;¾l ke.Sug mgka
f.k ;sfí' bka tlla jkafka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK .súiqfuka
bj;aj we;s ksid .súiqu ;jÿrg;a j,x.= ke;s njh' fuh tlaflda
13
foaYmd,k újrK - wxl 05

Tjqkaf.a fkdokakdlu fmkaùuls' ke;skï ±k ±ku fndre lSuls'

2005 ckdêm;sjrKh i|yd uyskao rdcmCI uy;d iu. w;aika
l< .súiqfuka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK bj;a ù ke;' th wj,x.= ùo
ke;' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK 2005 cQ,sj,§ bj;a jQfha 2004§ Y%S ,xld
ksoyia mCIh iu. we;slr.;a zikaOdkZ .súiqfuks' ta ikaOdk
wdKavqj iqkdñ iyk uKav,h msysgqùug .;a W;aidyhg úfrdaOh
m<lsÍu i|yd h' kuq;a uyskao rdcmCI uy;d yd ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqK w;r ckdêm;sjrKh i|yd jQ kj .súiqu w;aika lf<a
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ikaOdk .súiqfuka bj;a jQjdgo miqjh'
uyskao rdcmCI uy;d w.ue;sjrhd yd ckdêm;s wfmaCIl f,i
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK;a iu. 2006 iema;eïn¾ 08od w;aika l<
.súiqfï 13jk j.ka;shg wkqj ckdêm;sjrKfhka uyskao rdcmCI
uy;d Èkùfuka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa j.lSu ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqK bgqlr we;' ±ka we;af;a" uyskao rdcmCI ckdêm;s;=ud
úiska bgql< hq;= lreKq 12 bgq lsÍuh' ta wkqj tu .súiqu ;ju;a
j,x.= jk w;r Bg .relrñka rdcmCI uy;d ish fmdfrdkaÿ
bgql< hq;=j we;' tfia fkdlrkafka kï Tyq f,dalfha f,dl=u
fndreldrhd njg m;aùu je<elaúh fkdyel'

;j;a ckjrula wjYH o@

úOdhl ckm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍug ;j;a ckjrula .;hq;= nj;a
2$3 n,hla ,nd.; hq;= nj;a blauka ckdêm;sjrKhlg hkafka
ta i|yd nj;a iuyre ;¾l lr;s' fuho ck;dj fkdu. heùug
k.k mqyq ;¾lhls' ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lÍug kj ckjrula
wjYH ke;' ±ka ;sfnk ckjru ,eî ;sfnkafka" ta i|ydh' tfy;a
ckdêm;s OQrh wfydais lSßu ms<sn| cku;h h<s Wr.d ne,sh hq;=
hehs wdKavqj ;Èkau l,amkd lrkafka kï ta i|yd l<hq;= jkafka
;j;a ckdêm;sjrKhla meje;aùu fkdj úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
,xldjg wjYHo keoao hkak ms<sn| cku; úpdrKhla meje;aùuhs'
tneúka ck;d u;h ±k.ekSug wjYH kï cku; úpdrKhlg
tk f,i wms wdKavqjg wNsfhda. lruq'
úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍug j;auka jHjia:dj
14
 úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;af;a wehs@

fjkia lr kj jHjia:djla iïu; lr.ekSu i|yd md¾,sfïka;=fõ

2$3 l n,h wjYH nj ienEh' tfy;a th .eg¨jla fkdfõ' úOdhl
ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍfï jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla md¾,sfïka;=jg
f.k tkafka kï Bg 2$3 Pkaoh ,nd .ekSu i|yd md¾,sfïka;=j
;=< § Pkao mdúÉÑ lsÍug ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK iQodkï h'
tfia ke;sj ue;sjrKhlska 2$3 yod.; hq;= hehs wdKavqj is;kjd
kï th ckdêm;sjrKhlska l< fkdyel' ta i|yd meje;aúh hq;af;a
uy ue;sjrKhhs' tfia kï ,nk jir ueo meje;aùug kshñ;
uy ue;sjrKh mj;ajd bkamiqj kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iïu;
lr.ekSug wdKavqjg yelsh' ta wkqj ne¨j o meje;aúh hq;af;a"
ckdêm;sjrKh fkdj uy ue;sjrKhhs'

rg ye§ug úOdhl n,h ;jÿrg;a wjYH o@

fldá mrod /l.;a rg ye§ug ;j l,lg úOdhl ckdêm;s
l%uh wjYH nj o iuyre lsh;s' fuh o fndrejls' jir 31l úOdhl
ckdêm;s l%uh rg jekiSug odhl jQjd ñi ye§ug odhl ù ke;'
tfy;a hfula by; f,i is;kafka kï j;auka ckdêm;sjrhdg ta
i|yd ;j jir follau ;sfí' tfia kï ;u m<uq OQr ld,fha b;sßj
we;s jir foflao ckm;s OQrh ord yels kï rgo yod wk;=rej
tu OQr ld,h ksudjk úg ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍug rdcmCI
wdKavqjg mq¨jk' thg w¨;a ckm;sjrKhla wjYH jkafka ke;'
úOdhl ckdêm;s n,h ;jÿrg;a /l .ekSu i|yd rdcmCI
md,kh m;=rejk l;d ish,a,u mokï úrys;h' wi;Hh' fï
iqodkï jkafka rg ye§ug fkdfõ' úOdhl n,h fhdojd úreoaO
mCI wfydaislr mjqf,a taldêm;s md,khla È.= l,la ;siafia
mj;ajdf.k hdugh' rfÜ iïm;a yd uyck uqo,a mjqf,a n,h
fjkqfjka fhoùugh' .idlEugh' fï jk úg;a fmdÿ ck;dj u;
úYd, f,i nÿ nr mgjd Wmhd .kakd uyck uqo,a ckdêm;sjrhd
kdia;s lrñka isá' rg ;=< yeu fCIa;%hlau ì|jeà wrdðl ù ;sìh
§ Tyq ;u WmfoaYlhka fjkqfjka jirlg remsh,a tla fldaá 20
,CIhlg lsÜgq uqo,la jeh lrhs' uyck uqo,ska ud,s.d yohs' tajd

15
foaYmd,k újrK - wxl 05

fiùug tk udOHfõ§kag z;%ia;jd§Z f,an,a w,jhs' miq.sh W!j

m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKfha § uyshx.kfha Èk ;=kla kej;S isàu
i|yd uyshx.kfha mej;s zukaÈrhZ w¨;ajeähd l< w;r ta i|yd
úhoï l< uqo, remsh,a fldaá 61$2ls' rfÜ whjeh ilioa§ fjka
lrk uqo,ska 80]la muK ;u mjq,g wh;a wud;HdxYj,g fjkalr
.kshs' tneúka úOdhl ckm;s l%uh rgg nrls' ydkshls' idmhls'

wfma j.lSu l=ula o@

l=uk foaYmd,k mCIhlg wh;a jqj;a" l=uk ld¾hhla l<;a"
l=uk u; ±rej;a m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd iudc idOdrK;ajh w.hk
n,fõ.hkaf.a;a" fmdÿ ck;djf.a;a j.lSu jkqfha 1978 § tlai;a
cd;sl mCIh úiska y÷kajdÿka rgg nrlaj we;s m%cd;ka;%jdohg
ndOdjlaj we;s ck;djg idmhla úh yels úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
wfydais lsÍug lghq;= lsÍuh' ta fjkqjg jvd;a m%cd;ka;%jdoS
yd úOdhl n,h md¾,sfïka;=jg mejÍu wruqKq lr.;a l%uhla
ks¾udKh lr .ekSuh' ta i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lrñka odhl ùug
úúO n,fõ.hkag fukau ck;djg whs;sh ;sfí' tneúka m<uq
jrg ck;d leue;af;ka kj jHjia:djla iïu; lr.; hq;=h' ta
i|yd j;auka úOdhl ckm;s l%uh wfydais l< hq;=h' ta wkqj ;j;a
ckdêm;sjrKhla fkdmj;ajk f,io fmdfrdkaÿ jQ mßÈ yd ckjrug
wkqj j;auka úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍug mshjr .kakd
f,io ckdêm;sjrhd we;=¿ wdKavqjg n, l< hq;=h' ta" taldêm;s
úhrejla meroùu i|ydh' m%cd;ka;%jdoh ia:dms; lsÍu i|ydh'
wkd.;fha ks¾udKh jk taldêm;s md,kfha j.W;a;rlrejka
fyda f.dÿre njg m;a fkdùu i|yd h' wjidk jYfhka j;auka
úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍu i|yd wdKavqjg n,lsÍfï
ld¾hhg yels muKska odhl jk f,i m%cd;ka;%jdoh w.hk ish¨
fokdf.ka wms b,a,d isáuq'

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK

•  2009'09'10