Title

WHITE PAPER ON CLOUD COMPUTING

Abstract
This white paper will help readers to know the asi!s o" !lo#d !o$p#tin% and also to %ain an #nderstandin% on how !lo#d !o$p#tin% works& I hope it will e ene"i!ial to all people who want to sa'e so$e $one( on in"rastr#!t#res& Clo#d ased on de$and we )ser'i!es s#!h as data ases* +#e#es* identit( $ana%e$ent* data on)de$and* wid%ets* et!& are $eetin% with rowser ased thi!k)!lient "ra$eworks s#!h as A,A-* Ado e .le/* M0 0il'erli%ht* et!& to !reate a new reed o" appli!ations* #ilt on a res#s!itated Client10er'er 2Client10er'er 3&45 0OA) ased paradi%$& The traditional 6 #siness lo%i!6 appli!ation ser'er $iddle)tier is !edin% the wa( to !lo#d ased pa()per)#se 0OA& The in!reasin% sophisti!ation o" !lo#d we )ser'i!es plat"or$s* the in!rease in rowser sophisti!ation and the a'aila ilit( o" ad'an!ed !lient side IDEs will rein"or!e this trend& The new paradi%$ will si$pli"( the de'elop$ent o" we appli!ations* si$pli"( the !reation o" 0aa0* pro'ide etter $aintaina ilit( and lower TCO&

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Table of Contents
I. Cloud Computing Basics...............................................................................................................................4 II. Segment of Cloud Computing......................................................................................................................6 i. Application................................................................................................................................................6 ii. Platforms...................................................................................................................................................6 iii. Infrastructure...........................................................................................................................................7 III. Implementing Cloud Computing ...............................................................................................................8 i. Private Clouds............................................................................................................................................8 ii. Public Clouds ...........................................................................................................................................9 iii. !brid Clouds ......................................................................................................................................"# I$. C%aracteristics of Cloud computing........................................................................................................."" i. &!namic computing infrastructure.........................................................................................................."" ii. I' service(centric approac%...................................................................................................................."" iii. Self(service based usage model.............................................................................................................") iv. *inimall! or self(managed platform.....................................................................................................") v. Consumption(based billing.....................................................................................................................") $. Cloud Computing Securit! Plan................................................................................................................"4 $II. Barriers to Cloud Computing.................................................................................................................."7 i. Customer Perspective.............................................................................................................................."7 ii. $endor Perspective................................................................................................................................."7 $III. Summar! ..............................................................................................................................................."9 I+. Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................................)# +. Abbreviation..............................................................................................................................................)"

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I. Cloud Computing Basics

Clo#d !o$p#tin% is Internet 26!lo#d65 ased de'elop$ent and #se o" !o$p#ter te!hnolo%( 26!o$p#tin%65& It is an e$er%in% !o$p#tin% te!hnolo%( that #ses the Internet and !entral re$ote ser'ers to $aintain data and appli!ations& Clo#d !o$p#tin% allows !ons#$ers and #siness to #se appli!ations witho#t installation and a!!ess their personal "iles at an( !o$p#ter with Internet a!!ess& This te!hnolo%( allows "or $#!h $ore e""i!ient !o$p#tin% ( !entrali7in% stora%e* $e$or(* pro!essin% and andwidth& Clo#d !o$p#tin% is the !on'er%en!e and e'ol#tion o" se'eral !on!epts "ro$ 'irt#ali7ation* distri #ted appli!ation desi%n* %rid* and enterprise IT $ana%e$ent to ena le a $ore "le/i le approa!h "or deplo(in% and s!alin% appli!ations& Clo#d pro$ises real !osts sa'in%s and a%ilit( to !#sto$ers& Thro#%h !lo#d !o$p#tin%* a !o$pan( !an rapidl( deplo( appli!ations where the #nderl(in% te!hnolo%( !o$ponents !an e/pand and !ontra!t with the nat#ral e and "low o" the #siness li"e !(!le& Traditionall(* on!e an appli!ation was deplo(ed it was o#nd to a parti!#lar in"rastr#!t#re* #ntil the in"rastr#!t#re was #p%raded& The res#lt was low e""i!ien!(* #tili7ation* and "le/i ilit(& Clo#d ena lers* s#!h as 'irt#ali7ation and %rid !o$p#tin%* allow appli!ations to e d(na$i!all( deplo(ed onto the $ost s#ita le in"rastr#!t#re at r#n ti$e& This elasti! aspe!t o" !lo#d !o$p#tin% allows appli!ations to s!ale and %row witho#t needin% traditional 8"ork)li"t9 #p%rades& IT depart$ents and in"rastr#!t#re pro'iders are #nder in!reasin% press#re to pro'ide !o$p#tin% in"rastr#!t#re at the lowest possi le !ost& In order to do this* the !on!epts o" reso#r!e poolin%* 'irt#ali7ation* d(na$i! pro'isionin%* #tilit( and !o$$odit( !o$p#tin% $#st e le'era%ed to !reate a p# li! or pri'ate !lo#d that $eets these needs& World)!lass data !enters are now ein% "or$ed that !an pro'ide this
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In"rastr#!t#re)as)a)0er'i!e $anner&

2Iaa05

in

'er(

e""i!ient

C#sto$ers !an th#s de!ide to de'elop their own appli!ations* to r#n on their own internal pri'ate !lo#ds* or le'era%e so"tware as a 0aa0 appli!ation that r#n on p# li! !lo#ds& Inte%ration and "ederation o" ser'i!es a!ross oth the p# li! and pri'ate !lo#d* so)!alled :h( rid !lo#ds*; is an e$er%in% area o" interest& The p# li! !lo#d !on!ept allows !#sto$ers to de'elop and deplo( appli!ations with tre$endo#s speed witho#t the pro!#re$ent and red)tape iss#es o" dealin% with potentiall( slow $o'in% and !ostl( IT depart$ents& This also allows !#sto$ers to shi"t traditional Capital E/pendit#res 2CapE/5 into their Operatin% E/pendit#re 2OpE/5 #d%ets& Dri'en ( !on!erns o'er se!#rit(* re%#lator( !o$plian!e* !ontrol o'er <#alit( o" 0er'i!e 2<o05* 'endor lo!k)in* and lon%)ter$ !osts* $an( lar%er !#sto$ers* who ha'e the e!ono$ies o" s!ale and stron% IT !o$peten!(* will #ild internal pri'ate !lo#ds& These pri'ate !lo#ds !an pro'ide the sa$e !ost and a%ilit( ene"its as p# li! !lo#ds* while $iti%atin% enterprise !on!erns a o#t se!#rit(* !o$plian!e* <o0* lo!k)in and TCO&

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II. Segment of Cloud Computing

Clo#d !o$p#tin% is roken down into three se%$ents= 6appli!ations*6 6plat"or$s*6 and 6in"rastr#!t#re6&

i. Application
0o "ar* the appli!ations se%$ent o" !lo#d !o$p#tin% is the onl( se%$ent that has pro'en s#!!ess"#l as a #siness $odel& >( r#nnin% #siness appli!ations o'er the Internet "ro$ !entrali7ed ser'ers rather than "ro$ on)site ser'ers* !o$panies !an !#t so$e serio#s !osts& .#rther$ore* while a'oidin% $aintenan!e !osts* li!ensin% !osts and the !osts o" the hardware re+#ired to r#n ser'ers on)site* !o$panies are a le to r#n appli!ations $#!h $ore e""i!ientl( "ro$ a !o$p#tin% standpoint& On de$and so"tware ser'i!es !o$e in a "ew di""erent 'arieties that $a( 'ar( in their pri!in% s!he$e and how the so"tware is deli'ered to the end #sers& In the past* the end) #ser wo#ld %enerall( p#r!hase a li!ense "ro$ the so"tware pro'ider and then install and r#n the so"tware dire!tl( "ro$ on)pre$ise ser'ers&

ii. Platforms
Plat"or$s ser'e as an inter"a!e "or #sers to a!!ess appli!ations pro'ided ( partners or in so$e !ases the !#sto$ers& The "ollowin% !o$panies are so$e that ha'e de'eloped plat"or$s that allow end #sers to a!!ess appli!ations "ro$ !entrali7ed ser'ers #sin% the Internet& Ne/t is the na$e o" the plat"or$ #sed ( the !o$pan(= ?& Goo%le 2GOOG5 ) Apps En%ine 3& A$a7on&!o$ 2AM@N5 ) EC3 A& Mi!roso"t 2M0.T5 ) Windows Li'e
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B& Terre$ark Worldwide 2TMRC5 ) The Enterprise Clo#d D& 0ales"or!e&!o$ 2CRM5 ) .or!e&!o$ E& Net0#ite 2N5 ) 0#ite"le/ F& Mosso ) Mosso* a di'ision o" Ra!kspa!e G& Metriso"t ) Metriso"t 0aa0 Plat"or$

iii. Infrastructure
The "inal se%$ent in !lo#d !o$p#tin%* known as in"rastr#!t#re* is the a!k one o" the entire !on!ept& In"rastr#!t#re 'endors pro'ide the ph(si!al stora%e spa!e and pro!essin% !apa ilities that allow all the ser'i!es des!ri ed a o'e&

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III. Implementing Cloud Computing

All o" the ar!hite!t#ral and or%ani7ational !onsiderations $entioned herein are %enerall( appl( to all i$ple$entations o" a !lo#d in"rastr#!t#re& As we "o!#s on #ildin% the !lo#d* a n#$ er o" $odels ha'e een de'eloped "or deplo(in% a !lo#d in"rastr#!t#re&

i. Private Clouds
In a pri'ate !lo#d* the in"rastr#!t#re "or i$ple$entin% the !lo#d is !ontrolled !o$pletel( ( the enterprise& T(pi!all(* pri'ate !lo#ds are i$ple$ented in the data !enter o" the enterprise and $ana%ed ( internal reso#r!es& A pri'ate !lo#d $aintains all !orporate data in reso#r!es #nder the !ontrol o" the le%al and !ontra!t#al #$ rella o" the or%ani7ation& This eli$inates the re%#lator(* le%al and se!#rit( !on!erns asso!iated with in"or$ation ein% pro!essed on third part( !o$p#tin% reso#r!es& The pri'ate !lo#d !an also e #sed ( e/istin% IT depart$ents to dra$ati!all( red#!e their !osts and as an opport#nit( to shi"t "ro$ a !ost !enter to a 'al#e !enter in the e(es o" the #siness& As an e/a$ple* the "ollowin% dia%ra$ depi!ts the ke( ar!hite!t#ral ele$ents o" a pri'ate !lo#d #tili7in% Ora!le9 s!ala ilities9=

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ii. Public Clouds

In a p# li! !lo#d* e/ternal or%ani7ations pro'ide the in"rastr#!t#re and $ana%e$ent re+#ired to i$ple$ent the !lo#d& P# li! !lo#ds dra$ati!all( si$pli"( i$ple$entation and are t(pi!all( illed ased on #sa%e& This trans"ers the !ost "ro$ a !apital e/pendit#re to an operational e/pense and !an +#i!kl( e s!aled to $eet the or%ani7ation9s needs& Te$porar( appli!ations or appli!ations with #rst reso#r!e re+#ire$ents t(pi!all( ene"it "ro$ the p# li! !lo#d9s a ilit( to rat!het #p reso#r!es when needed and then s!ale the$ a!k when the( are no lon%er needed& In a pri'ate !lo#d* the !o$pan( wo#ld need to pro'ision "or the worst !ase a!ross all the appli!ations that share the in"rastr#!t#re& This !an res#lt in wasted reso#r!es when #tili7ation is not at its peak& P# li! !lo#ds ha'e the disad'anta%e o" hostin% (o#r data in an o""site or%ani7ation o#tside the le%al and re%#lator( #$ rella o" (o#r or%ani7ation& In addition* as $ost p# li! !lo#ds le'era%e a worldwide network o" data !enters* it is
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di""i!#lt to do!#$ent the ph(si!al lo!ation o" data at an( parti!#lar $o$ent& These iss#es res#lt in potential re%#lator( !o$plian!e iss#es that in!l#de the #se o" p# li! !lo#ds "or !ertain or%ani7ations or #siness appli!ations& Not all p# li! !lo#d ased appli!ations !an pro'ide the ne!essar( "le/i ilit( and "#n!tionalit( needed ( #siness #sers& .or this reason* !#sto$ers re+#ire the a ilit( to take pre"erred "#n!tionalit( "ro$ one !lo#d appli!ation and !o$ ine it with another* !reatin% a !lo#d ased !o$ponent appli!ation& This is still an e$er%in% area o" de'elop$ent with so$e earl( !o$panies* s#!h as Cast Iron* pro'idin% inte%ration o" a wide ran%e o" !lo#d) ased appli!ations& Ulti$atel(* $an( !#sto$ers $a( de!ide that the pri'ate !lo#d o""ers $ore "le/i ilit( and de'elop new appli!ations the$sel'es&

iii. Hybrid Clouds

To $eet the ene"its o" oth approa!hes* newer e/e!#tion $odels ha'e een de'eloped to !o$ ine p# li! and pri'ate !lo#ds into a #ni"ied sol#tion& Appli!ations with si%ni"i!ant le%al* re%#lator( or ser'i!e le'el !on!erns "or in"or$ation !an e dire!ted to a pri'ate !lo#d& Other appli!ations with less strin%ent re%#lator( or ser'i!e le'el re+#ire$ents !an le'era%e a p# li! !lo#d in"rastr#!t#re& I$ple$entation o" a h( rid $odel re+#ires additional !oordination etween the pri'ate and p# li! ser'i!e $ana%e$ent s(ste$& This t(pi!all( in'ol'es a "ederated poli!( $ana%e$ent tool* sea$less h( rid inte%ration* "ederated se!#rit(* in"or$ation asset $ana%e$ent* !oordinated pro'isionin% !ontrol* and #ni"ied $onitorin% s(ste$s&

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I". C#a$acte$istics of Cloud computing

i. Dynamic computing infrastructure
Clo#d !o$p#tin% re+#ires a d(na$i! !o$p#tin% in"rastr#!t#re& The "o#ndation "or the d(na$i! in"rastr#!t#re is a standardi7ed* s!ala le* and se!#re ph(si!al in"rastr#!t#re& There sho#ld e le'els o" red#ndan!( to ens#re hi%h le'els o" a'aila ilit(* #t $ostl( it $#st e eas( to e/tend as #sa%e %rowth de$ands it* witho#t re+#irin% ar!hite!t#re rework& Ne/t* it $#st e 'irt#ali7ed& A d(na$i! !o$p#tin% in"rastr#!t#re is !riti!al to e""e!ti'el( s#pportin% the elasti! nat#re o" ser'i!e pro'isionin% and de) pro'isionin% as re+#ested ( #sers while $aintainin% hi%h le'els o" relia ilit( and se!#rit(& The !onsolidation pro'ided ( 'irt#ali7ation* !o#pled with pro'isionin% a#to$ation* !reates a hi%h le'el o" #tili7ation and re#se* #lti$atel( (ieldin% a 'er( e""e!ti'e #se o" !apital e+#ip$ent&

ii. IT service-centric approach

Clo#d !o$p#tin% is IT 2or #siness5 ser'i!e)!entri!& This is in sharp !ontrast to $ore traditional s(ste$) or ser'er) !entri! $odels& In $ost !ases* #sers o" the !lo#d %enerall( want to r#n so$e #siness ser'i!e or appli!ation "or a spe!i"i!* ti$el( p#rposeH the( don9t want to %et o%%ed down in the s(ste$ and network ad$inistration o" the en'iron$ent& The( wo#ld pre"er to +#i!k and eas( a!!ess a dedi!ated instan!e o" an appli!ation or ser'i!e& >( a stra!tin% awa( the ser'er)!entri! 'iew o" the in"rastr#!t#re* s(ste$ #sers !an easil( a!!ess power"#l pre)de"ined !o$p#tin% en'iron$ents desi%ned spe!i"i!all( aro#nd their ser'i!e& An IT 0er'i!e Centri! approa!h ena les #ser adoption and #siness a%ilit( I the easier and "aster a #ser !an per"or$ an ad$inistrati'e task* the $ore e/pedient the #siness $o'es* red#!in% !osts or dri'in% re'en#e&

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iii. Self-service based usage model

Intera!tin% with the !lo#d re+#ires so$e le'el o" #ser sel") ser'i!e& >est o" reed sel")ser'i!e pro'ides #sers the a ilit( to #pload* #ild* deplo(* s!hed#le* $ana%e* and report on their #siness ser'i!es on de$and& 0el")ser'i!e !lo#d o""erin%s $#st pro'ide eas()to)#se* int#iti'e #ser inter"a!es that e+#ip #sers to prod#!ti'el( $ana%e the ser'i!e deli'er( li"e!(!le&

iv.

inimally or self-managed platform

.or an IT tea$ or a ser'i!e pro'ider to e""i!ientl( pro'ide a !lo#d "or its !onstit#ents* the( $#st le'era%e a te!hnolo%( plat"or$ that is sel")$ana%ed& >est)o") reed !lo#ds ena le sel")$ana%e$ent 'ia so"tware a#to$ation* le'era%in% the "ollowin% !apa ilities= ?& A pro'isionin% en%ine "or deplo(in% ser'i!es and tearin% the$ down re!o'erin% reso#r!es "or hi%h le'els o" re#se 3& Me!hanis$s "or s!hed#lin% and reser'in% reso#r!e !apa!it( Capa ilities "or !on"i%#rin%* $ana%in%* and reportin% to ens#re reso#r!es !an e allo!ated and reallo!ated to $#ltiple %ro#ps o" #sers A& Tools "or !ontrollin% a!!ess to reso#r!es and poli!ies "or how reso#r!es !an e #sed or operations !an e per"or$ed All o" these !apa ilities ena le #siness a%ilit( while si$#ltaneo#sl( ena!tin% !riti!al and ne!essar( ad$inistrati'e !ontrol&

v. Consumption-based billing
.inall(* !lo#d !o$p#tin% is #sa%e)dri'en& Cons#$ers pa( "or onl( what reso#r!es the( #se and there"ore are !har%ed or illed on a !ons#$ption) ased $odel& Clo#d !o$p#tin% plat"or$s $#st pro'ide $e!hanis$s to !apt#re #sa%e in"or$ation that ena les !har%e a!k reportin% and inte%ration with illin% s(ste$s&

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". Cloud Computing Secu$it% &lan

Clo#d !o$p#tin% has #ni+#e se!#rit( risks& 0e!#rit( risks* threats* and rea!hes !an !o$e in so $an( "or$s and "ro$ so $an( pla!es that $an( !o$panies take a !o$prehensi'e approa!h to se!#rit( $ana%e$ent a!ross IT and the #siness& The "ollowin% pointers #se"#l "or !reatin% !lo#d !o$p#tin% se!#rit( plan& In $ost !ir!#$stan!es* approa!h !lo#d se!#rit( "ro$ a risk)$ana%e$ent perspe!ti'e& >e s#re to in'ol'e (o#r or%ani7ation9s risk)$ana%e$ent spe!ialists in the plannin%& The !ost o" se!#rit( !o#ld e an iss#e& >e aware o" what si$ilar or%ani7ations spend on IT se!#rit( and e prepared to spend a si$ilar a$o#nt& It also helps to tra!k ti$e lost d#e to an( kind o" atta!kJas a $eas#re$ent o" !ost that (o# $a( e a le to red#!e& Identit( $ana%e$ent is ke(& Gi'e priorit( to i$pro'in% identit( $ana%e$ent i" (o#r !#rrent !apa ilit( is poor& Tr( to !reate %eneral awareness o" se!#rit( risks ( ed#!atin% and warnin% sta"" $e$ ers a o#t spe!i"i! dan%ers& It is eas( to e!o$e !o$pla!ent* espe!iall( i" (o#9re #sin% a !lo#d ser'i!e pro'ider& Howe'er* $ost se!#rit( rea!hes are !reated inside the network& Use e/ternal IT se!#rit( !ons#ltants to re%#larl( !he!k (o#r !o$pan(9s se!#rit( poli!( and network* as well as those o" (o#r !lo#d ser'i!e pro'iders& Deter$ine spe!i"i! IT se!#rit( poli!ies "or !han%e $ana%e$ent and pat!h $ana%e$ent* and $ake s#re that poli!ies are well #nderstood ( (o#r sta"" and (o#r !lo#d ser'i!e pro'ider& 0ta( a reast o" news a o#t IT se!#rit( rea!hes in other !o$panies and the !a#ses o" those rea!hes& Re'iew a!k#p and disaster)re!o'er( s(ste$s in li%ht o" IT se!#rit(& Apart "ro$ an(thin% else* IT se!#rit( rea!hes !an re+#ire !o$plete appli!ation re!o'er(&
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>e!a#se o" the !o$ple/it( o" se!#rin% !lo#d en'iron$ents* $an( or%ani7ations #se h( rid !lo#d en'iron$ents that in!l#de p# li! as well as pri'ate !lo#ds& Clo#d ser'i!e pro'iders ea!h ha'e their own wa( o" $ana%in% se!#rit(& 0o$eti$es* the !lo#d ser'i!e pro'ider9s se!#rit( plan will !on"li!t with (o#r !o$pan(9s r#les& >e"ore (o# i$ple$ent (o#r se!#rit( plan (o# need to ens#re that it will !o$ple$ent (o#r pro'ider9s plan&

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"I. &$ima$% Benefits of Cloud Computing

The pri$ar( "ollows= ene"its o" #sin% !lo#d !o$p#tin% are as

?& To deli'er a "#t#re state ar!hite!t#re that !apt#res the pro$ise o" Clo#d Co$p#tin%* ar!hite!ts need to #nderstand the pri$ar( ene"its o" Clo#d !o$p#tin%& 3& De!o#plin% and separation o" the #siness ser'i!e "ro$ the in"rastr#!t#re needed to r#n it 2'irt#ali7ation5& A& .le/i ilit( to !hoose $#ltiple 'endors that pro'ide relia le and s!ala le #siness ser'i!es* de'elop$ent en'iron$ents* and in"rastr#!t#re that !an e le'era%ed o#t o" the o/ and illed on a $etered asisJwith no lon% ter$ !ontra!ts& B& Elasti! nat#re o" the in"rastr#!t#re to rapidl( allo!ate and de)allo!ate $assi'el( s!ala le reso#r!es to #siness ser'i!es on a de$and asis& D& Cost allo!ation "le/i ilit( "or !#sto$ers wantin% to $o'e CapE/ into OpE/&
E& Red#!ed !osts d#e to operational e""i!ien!ies* and $ore

rapid deplo($ent o" new #siness ser'i!es&

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"II. Ba$$ie$s to Cloud Computing

IT !lo#d ser'i!es are still lar%el( in the earl( adoption phase& As s#!h* it is no s#rprise that there9s a lon% list o" iss#es !lo#d ser'i!es s#ppliers need to address to dri'e $ainstrea$ adoption& Here9s how o#r respondents rated nine o" the !hallen%es !o$$onl( as!ri ed to the !lo#d ser'i!es $odel&

i. Customer Perspective K Data 0e!#rit(= Man( !#sto$ers don9t wish to tr#st their
data to :the !lo#d;& Data $#st e lo!all( retained "or re%#lator( reasons& K Laten!(= The !lo#d !an e $an( $illise!onds awa(& Not s#ita le "or real)ti$e appli!ations& K Appli!ation A'aila ilit(= Cannot swit!h "ro$ e/istin% le%a!( appli!ations& E+#i'alent !lo#d appli!ations do not e/ist&

ii. !endor Perspective ?& 0er'i!e Le'el A%ree$ents Security= with the #sinesses9 in"or$ation and !riti!al

IT reso#r!es o#tside the "irewall* !#sto$ers worr( a o#t their '#lnera ilit( to atta!k& Cloud services dependability: The !o$ple/ we o" interdependen!( that s#pports !lo#d ser'i!es

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a'aila ilit( and per"or$an!e I "ro$ network a'aila ilit( and per"or$an!e* to the a'aila ilit( and per"or$an!e o" the !lo#d ser'i!e pro'ider9s s(ste$s* and e(ond* to the per"or$an!e and a'aila ilit( o" the :s#ppl( !hain; o" ser'i!es that the ser'i!e pro'ider depends on I !ries o#t "or s#ppliers who !an o""er %reater transparen!( o" interdependen!ies as well as !redi le ser'i!e le'el ass#ran!es& 3& >#siness Models 0aa01Paa0 $odels are !hallen%in%& K M#!h lower #p"ront re'en#e& While !#sto$ers !ertainl( enLo( the e!ono$i! and operational ene"its o" the o"")the)shel"* standardi7ed nat#re o" $an( !lo#d ser'i!es* this s#r'e( shows the( nonetheless want %reater a ilit( to :"it; !lo#d ser'i!es $ore ti%htl( into the !onte/t o" their spe!i"i! #siness& Users want to $a/i$i7e the le'era%e o" their $an( other !riti!al #siness s(ste$s I in)ho#se le%a!( s(ste$s and* in!reasin%l(* e/ternall()so#r!ed !lo#d ser'i!es I ( ein% a le to inte%rate a!ross these s(ste$s& ;0aa0 ?&4M s(ste$s I that la!k standard) ased APIs* and are e""e!ti'el( :islands; I are o" di$inishin% 'al#eH this is wh( #ser sho#ld e in!l#de the re+#ire$ent "or we ser'i!es APIs in de"inition o" !lo#d ser'i!es& A& C#sto$er Lo!k)in K C#sto$ers want open1standard APIs& K Need to !ontin#o#sl( add 'al#e&

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"III. Summa$%
.or IT depart$ents in lar%er enterprises* de'elopin% a pri'ate !lo#d o"ten $akes the $ost "inan!ial and #siness sense& When de'elopin% the ar!hite!t#ral 'ision* an enterprise ar!hite!t sho#ld ear in $ind the !hara!teristi!s o" !lo#d !o$p#tin% as well as !onsider so$e o" the or%ani7ational and !#lt#ral iss#es that $i%ht e!o$e o sta!les to the adoption o" the "#t#re state ar!hite!t#re& When $o'in% ahead* de!isions $#st e $ade on whether the "#t#re)state te!hni!al ar!hite!t#re sho#ld e$phasi7e !o$pati ilit( with the !#rrent standard or start "ro$ s!rat!h to $ini$i7e !ost& .#t#re state s(ste$s ar!hite!t#re desi%ns in'ol'e trade)o""s etween lower !ost1operational e""i!ien!( and %reater "le/i ilit(& Usin% an Enterprise Ar!hite!t#re "ra$ework !an help enterprise ar!hite!ts na'i%ate the trade) o""s and desi%n a s(ste$ that a!!o$plishes the #siness %oal&

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I'. Conclusion
Clo#d !o$p#tin% o""ers real alternati'es to IT depart$ents "or i$pro'ed "le/i ilit( and lower !ost& Markets are de'elopin% "or the deli'er( o" so"tware appli!ations* plat"or$s* and in"rastr#!t#re as a ser'i!e to IT depart$ents o'er the :!lo#d;& These ser'i!es are readil( a!!essi le on a pa()per)#se asis and o""er %reat alternati'es to #sinesses that need the "le/i ilit( to rent in"rastr#!t#re on a te$porar( asis or to red#!e !apital !osts& Ar!hite!ts in lar%er enterprises "ind that it $a( still e $ore !ost e""e!ti'e to pro'ide the desired ser'i!es in)ho#se in the "or$ o" :pri'ate !lo#ds; to $ini$i7e !ost and $a/i$i7e !o$pati ilit( with internal standards and re%#lations& I" so* there are se'eral options "or "#t#re)state s(ste$s and te!hni!al ar!hite!t#res that ar!hite!ts sho#ld !onsider "indin% the ri%ht trade)o"" etween !ost and "le/i ilit(& Usin% an ar!hite!t#ral "ra$ework will help ar!hite!ts e'al#ate these trade)o""s within the !onte/t o" the #siness ar!hite!t#re and desi%n a s(ste$ that a!!o$plishes the #siness %oal&

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'. (bb$e)iation
0aa0 Paa0 CapE/ OpE/ 0OA TCO Iaa0 <o0 0o"tware as a 0er'i!e Plat"or$ as a ser'i!e Capital E/pendit#res Operatin% E/pendit#re 0er'i!e)Oriented Ar!hite!t#re Total Cost o" Ownership In"rastr#!t#re)as)a)0er'i!e <#alit( o" 0er'i!e

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