28.04.200528.04.

2005

OptiX-

SDH

SDH

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

28.04.200528.04.2005

t 1999 by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Internet Explorer - Microsoft Corporation.
Netscape Navigator - Netscape Communications Corporation.
Windows 95 Windows 98 - Microsoft Corporation.

, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET,

, ViewPoint,
HUAWEI, NS,

TM
INtess , ETS ,

f
, DMC , OptiX , TELLIN, InfoLink,

Radium -
Netkey , Quidway , SYNLOCK ,
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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:______________________ : ___________________________
:__________________________ :____________________
:______________________________

 , ,
: Press@sc.huawei.com.cn
: Editing & Publication Center, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Shenzhen,
P.R.China (518057)


1.
! Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,

. SDH
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the Transmission Service Section of the R&D Dept.
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Beijing Post and Telecommunications University.

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Huawei Customer Service Building, Kefa Road,

Science-based Park, Shenzhen, P. R. China
Zip Code:518057
Tel: +86-755- 6540808
Fax: +86-755- 6633000

Website: http://www.huawei.com.cn

SBS Series SDH Optical Transm iss ion System Training Manual SDH Principle

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

 SS 0501
2.0

1 SDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 SDH --- SDH? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

....................................... 5
1.3 SDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2 SDH PDH

2
SDH

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1 SDH STM-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2
SDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.1
140M/ STM-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.2
34M/ STM-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2.3
2M/ STM-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.3 ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

......................................................
3.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1

35
35
43
49

3.2.1
AU-PTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2.2
TU-PTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

 SS 0501
2.0

4
SDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.1 SDH

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

4.2
SDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

ii

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

1 SDH
:
SDH
SDH ?
SDH .
SDH,
.

1.1 SDH ----

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 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.
,
PDH
PDH
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,

.
PDH :

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.

.

.
. 1-1.

565Mb/s

1.6Gb/s

x4

x4

139Mb/s

400Mb/s

x4

x4

34Mb/s

100Mb/s

x4

x3

8Mb/s

274Mb/s

x6
45Mb/s

32Mb/s

x4
2Mb/s

x5

x7

6.3Mb/s

6.3Mb/s

x4

x4
1.5Mb/s

. 1-1

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

2) .
PDH
.
- mBnB , mB - , nB -
. -
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,
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.
, .
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:
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3

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

2 140,
. (. 1-2):

140/

140/

34/

34/
8/

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2/

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 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

4.

.
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(TMN).
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Telecommunication Research Institute
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, .
SONET CCITT 1988
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5

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.

,
.
,
.
SDH .
, PDH.
1.
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SDH
,
.
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B1 B2 B3

A
A1 A2 A3

C
C1 C2 C3

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9 , 9
:.

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

D
A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 A3 B3 C3

.
2)
() ,
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50%
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STM-N .


STM-N. ,
/
SDH SDH.
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2/, 34/ 140/ SDH.
7

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

(),

, ,
. / .

-
(DXC),
.

.

:
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.
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( 50 ITU-T)
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, .

.
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), ()
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Active channel

Active

B
Active

Standby

Standby

Standby channel

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

3. , .
, ()
SDH .
, ..
.

, PDH.
, PCM30/32 TS0 TS16
OAM.
SDH 1/20
.
, ,
.
SDH , PDH
65.8% .
4.
SDH . , SDH
PDH ,
SDH. SDH
PDH, , FDDI.
SDH?
(STM-1) PDH,

ATM,
FDDI,
DQDB.
PDH
SDH SDH . SDH ?

STM-1 ( -
) ( ).
SDH.

SDH .
( -
PDH) (
)
( STM-N) SDH ().
( )
9

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,

.

SDH (STM-N), SDH
.

1.3 SDH
- , - .
.
1. .
, .
. ,
,
. ,
,
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( ),
SDH .
, PDH
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140/ ( 64X2) PDH .
140/ STM-1,
64X2. STM-1 ,
PDH 4 (140/),
. , STM-1
, 4.
2. .
( 2)
( STM-1) SDH

/
.
.
,
.

10

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, .
, SDH , .
(SDH/PDH). -

.
.
3. .
SDH - ,
,
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.

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.
SDH - .
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4. SDH?
SDH?

11

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SDH . -
SDH.

1. SDH ?

12

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

2
SDH

:
STM-N (
STM-1 ).
STM-N.
2/,
34/ and 140/ STM-N.
.

2.1 SDH STM-N.

SDH ?

().
,
-, / .
, /
.
ITU-T STM-N
(. .2-1). 1 =8 .

13

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

9x270xN

1
3
4

RSOH
AU-PTR

5
MSOH
9

9 N

261xN

. 2-1 STM-N

?

. SDH.
PDH, ATM
. , 1- 1 32
. 32 .
53 .
.

, STM-N - 9
Nx270 . N N STM-N, 1, 4,
16, 64. N ,
N STM-1 .
N STM-1
STM-N , N .
9.
, .
? ? ,
. ?
? SDH: (8 )
.
, .

14

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

(.. ,
) STM-N? ITU-T 8000
STM. ,
125 . , 8000
, 1
8000 .
, 8000
. -
SDH.

PDH?
STM-N . ,
STM-4 - 4 STM-1, STM-16 - 4
STM-4 16 STM-1. SDH,
2 PDH 1, 4.
C SDH /
SDH.
:
STM-N ?
STM-N - 8000 , ..
8000 ,
- 8000*8 = 64 /. ,
, ..
, .

, STM-N :
( RSOH
MSOH),
.
.
1) STM-N ,
, STM-N.
- STM-N.
- .

( )
- POH. ,
15

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

POH ,
STM-N SDH. POH
. ,
(
).
:
?
. STM-1
63 2M/ . ,
, ,
.

.
63
2M/
STM-1 ,
. ?
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, SDH.
STM-N

.

A :
.
- ,
,

, ..
.

2) (SOH) ,
,
(OAM),
. ,
STM-N
. -
. SOH ,

16

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

POH . SOH, POH

.

(RSOH) (MSOH).
. ,
. RSOH
MSOH - .
, RSOH MSOH? ,
. , 2.5 /
, RSOH
STM-16, MSOH STM-1
STM-16.
:
RSOH, MSOH POH SDH
. 2.5G, RSOH
STM-16, MSOH
STM-1 POH
(.. 2)
STM-1.
,
.

STM-N
1-3 1 9N. 39N .
5-9 1-9N.
59N. PDH ,
-
SDH.
3) ---- AU-PTR
9N
4- , 9N . AU-PTR?
, ( 2) /
SDH.

, .. .
SDH. AU-PTR

STM-N,
17

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

(
). . ,
. ( )
(
).
, . ,
,

. , (
/) (
) .
AU-PTR -
.

. - AU-PTR,
- TU-PTR (
). TU-PTR AU-PTR, .
.

2.2 SDH
SDH :
SDH SDH
(2M/,
34M/ 140M/) SDH ----STM-N.
, ,
, ..
4xSTM-1=STM-4 4xSTM-4=STM-16.
(8000 ),
, STM-N -

STM-N .


, ,
SOH .
STM-N
SOH
SOH .
.

PDH STM-N.

18

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

ITU-T (
). ,
PDH STM-N
. , ITU-T, . 2-2.

19

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

xN
STM-N

x1
AU-4

AUG

VC-4

x3
TUG-3

x3
AU-3

x1

C-4

139264kbit/s

C-3

44736kbit/s
34368kbit/s

VC-2

C-2

6312kbit/s

TU-12

VC-12

C-12

2048kbit/s

TU-11

VC-11

C-11

1544kbit/s

TU-3

VC-3

x7

VC-3

x7

TUG-2

x1

TU-2

x3

x4

. 2-2 ,
. G.709

. 2-2,
: C - , VC - , TU
- , TUG - , AU , and AUG - .

. ,
2, .. 2
STM-N. , 8 PDH
STM-N.

STM-N, ,
. SDH ,
PDH , 2

SDH
AU-4. . 2-3.

STM-N

xN

AUG

x1

AU-4

VC-4

C-4

139264kbit/s

x3
x1

TUG-3

TU-3

VC-3

C-3

34368kbit/s

TU-12

VC-12

C-12

2048kbit/s

x7
TUG-2

x3

. 2-3 ,

20

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

2M/, 34M/ 140M/ PDH

STM-N.

2.2.1 140M/ STM-N

1)

140M/ PDH
( -) 4,
,
140M/ PDH .
, ,
,
, 2M/-C12,
34M/-C3 and 140M/-C4. -
. 140 4 -
. 140
4. 4 ,
4. 4 -
, 8000 .
, 140 SDH
4 . - 140
4. . 2-4.
1

260
149.76 /

139.264 /

8000 /

. 2-4 C4

C4 260 , 9 (
STM-N PDH 9 ).
E4 (.. 4) :
8000 . x 9 x 260 x 8 = 149.760M/.
,

.
.
4: 139.264M/ +_15ppm . G.703 (139.261...139.266)M/.
4 ,

21

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

4 -149.760M/, ,
4.
2)

(
VC4-POH ) C4
, 140.
VC4 2-5.

1
C4

149.76/
9

261

P
O

VC4

150.336/

. 2-5 VC4

VC4 , 140M/
PDH . 4
.
POH .
( VC) -
SDH. VC ( , VC12 2M/ VC3 34M/ ) .
.
, ,
SDH,
( ).
/

-.
, VC ,
/
. /
/.
C4 VC4, 9
VC4. VC4 9
261 . STM-N
- 9 261N . STM-1 - 9 261
. , VC4
STM-1.
PDH

22

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

VC .
3)

,
- STM-N. -
. ,
,
. (125 , STM-N).
? SDH
AU-PTR VC4. , VC4
-
AU-4,
. 2-6:

270

AU-PTR

. 2-6 AU-4

AU-4 STM-1
--- 9 270 ,
SOH.
AU-4 ------ VC4 ( AU-PTR ).
, VC
,
.
AU-PTR - VC STM-N
, .. VC .
, VC STM,
..
VC4 AU-4. ,

, ..
VC ( ) AU-4.
VC4 .
, (
), AU-PTR STM . AU-PTR
23

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.
, AU-PTR
. VC4
AU STM-N.
AU STM
AUG ---- .
4) - SOH AU-4
STM-1 . NxSTM-1
STM-N .
140 STM-N
2.

2.2.2 34M/ STM-N

, 34M/
3 .
3 VC3
9 85 .
VC3

TU-PTR ( )
VC3. , AU-PTR 9 .
- TU-3 (
, 34)
.
(VC
) (VC )
.
3 VC3
2.
? TU-PTR
VC
. AU-PTR,
VC4 STM. ,
.
TU
AU-4 . , VC
TU, -
TU-PTR.
- TU-3 . 2-7.

24

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

1
H1
H2
H3

86
1
TU-3
9

2-7 TU-3 TU-PTR

1) TU-3 .
, . 2-8.
1
H1
H2
H3

86
1
TUG3

. 2-8 TU-3

R - - .
TUG3 ---- .
2) TUG3 4

2-9.

258
1
C4

R R
9
260

. 2-9 C4

TUG3 - 9 86 ,
, TUG3
25

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
9 258 . 4 - 9
260 .

3xTUG3
4.
- 4 STM-N.
140Mb/s
STM-N:
C4 -VC4- AU-4 - AUG - STM-N.

:
, ?
. AU-PTR
VC4
. VC4 VC3 (
, ?), TU-PTR
VC3.
VC4 AU-PTR, TUG3 VC4
. VC3
TU-PTR TU-3.
34 .

2.2.3 2M/ STM-N

2
STM-N. PDH
SDH.
1) 2M/
12 .
2M/ PDH C12
, .. C12
.
12 - 8000 /., 12

26

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

2000 /.
2.
?
. , 1
2.048/, 32- (256 )
1 12. ? 12 - 8000
/. 30/32 [E1] . ,
1 2.048 /, ,
12 . ,
1 2.046M/ 12 ,
, - (2.046x10^6
/)/(8000-/)=255.75 . , 1
. ,
,
- (2.046x10^6 /)/(2000-/)=1023 .
256- ,
255- . 1
12.
1? 12 -
94-2 .
. 12
. 2-10.

W
W
W
W
W

-12:
94-2=
32W+
2Y

W
W

-12:
94-2=
32W+
1Y +1G

-12:
94-2=
32W+
1Y+ 1G

W
W

-12:
94-2=
31W+
1Y+
1M+1N

W
W
W
W
W

(8 ).
:
W= IIIIIIII
M = C1C2RRRRS1
I -

Y = RRRRRRRR

G= C1C2OOOORR

N= S2 I I I I I I I
R-

C1-
C1=0

27

O-
S1-,
S1= I ; C1=1
S1= R*

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

C2-
C2 =0

S2-
S2 = I; C2= 1
S2= R*

R* ( ) .
- ,
. 125x4=500.
. 2-10 C-12

. 2-11.
: 12
4(9x4-2)=136 = 127W+5Y+2G+1
+1N=(1023I+S1+S2)+3C1+49R+8O=1088
.

1 2
S1 S2
. C1C1C1=000 , S1 - ,
C1C1C1=111 , S1 - R. 2
S2.

C-12-max C-12-min.
C-12-max=(1023+1+1) 2000=2.050M/
C-12-min=(1023+0+ 0) 2000=2.046M/
E1
2.050M/-2.046M/,
12, .
12 - 2.175M/.
:
2,
12 .
STM-1,
STM-1, STM-1.

STM-1. 2 ,
-
. ,
2 ,
2 .

2)
2 SDH 12
-
( )
28

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

VC12.
2, LP-POH ( )
() .
,
: V5, J2, N2 K4. VC
, 2
VC12.
.
2 12?
12 4 30/32. LP-POH
4 30/32.
3) VC12
TU-PTR VC12.
TU12 ,
9 4 . TU-PTR
VC12 .
4)

TU12

TUG-2

. TUG2 9 12
.

5) TUG2
TUG3 .
, , 7 TUG2
9 84 .
, . 2-11.
1

84
1

R R
9
TUG3
. 2-11 TUG3

6) TUG3
STM-N .

29

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

140 STM-N
, STM-N N140M/, . .
STM-1
140M/.
STM-1 64 2M/, 140
STM-1.
, 34M/
STM-1, STM-1 34, ..
48M/.
2M/ STM-1, STM-1
3x7x3=63 2M/
, ,
140 2 STM-N,
. , 34
STM-N, .

2 STM-N,
3 TU12 TUG2, 7 TUG2 TUG3,
3 TUG3 VC4 VC4 STM-1, . .

2M/

3-7-3.

- , 63 VC12 VC4
.
TU12 21.
- TU12
VC4:
VC12 (TU12) -= TUG3 +(
TUG2- 1) 3 +( TU12 - 1) 21. VC4
TU12, TUG3
TUG2, TU12
1.
,
SDH . -
TU12 VC4?
: TUG3 - 1-3.
TUG2 - 1-7. TU12 - 1-3.
VC12 (TU12) VC12 (TU12) 63
VC12 (TU12) VC4
, . 2-12.

30

 SS 0501
2.0

VC4

SDH

1
TUG3

TU12

TU12

TU12

TU12

TUG2

TU12

TU12

TU12

TU12

TU12

1
TUG2

7
TUG2
2
TUG3
3
TUG3

. 2-12 TUG3, TUG2 TU12 VC4

PDH
STM-N, . ,

SDH.

2.3 ,

STM-N, : ,
.
,
VC TU (TU-PTR)
VC AU (AU-PTR).
VC.
.
, ,

,
.
, TU VC
31

AU

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

STM-N .
VC
TU-PTR AU-PTR,
.

- .
:
PDH 140M/, 34M/ 2M/
?


. ,
2 12 , 12
1.
.

PDH ,

SDH:
2M/-C12-VC12-TU12-34M/-C3-VC3-TU-3-140M/-C4-VC4-AU-4.
PDH
, .. 2
VC12.
:
?
1. STM-N .
2. PDH
STM-N ,
---- C, VC, TU, TUG, AU AUG.
3. 2M/ 140M/ .
4. .

32

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

1
1

139.264
/

261

260

C-4
9260

9
0

1
1

1
1 J1
B3
C2
149.760
G1
/
F2
H4
F3
K3
9 N1
0
125

VC-4
9261

9
0

86

85
48.96
/

125

148.608/

9270

1 H1
H2
H3
49.152
TU-3
R
/ R
986-6
R
R
R
9
9 R
125
0
0

125

C-12

49.536
/

86

N
TUG-3
986

.
.
.

125

2.175

V5
VC-12

4(94-1)

2.240
/

9
0

125

12
1

1
V5V5V5

V5
TU-12

TUG-2

4(94)

4(94-2)
9

155.52N
/

125

6.912/
1

1
1

270N

STM-N
9270N

J2

155.52
/

H1
H2
H3

VC-3
985

K4

2 4

STM-1

0
125

1 J1
B3
C2
48.384 G1
/ F2
C-3
984
H4
F3
K3
9 N1
125
0

N2

RSOH

2.048

270
1

PTR

150.912
/

AU-4
9270-98

AU-PTR

9 10

270

MSOH

34.368
/

10

1
150.336
/

84

V1
V1
1 125

0 125

V2

4(912)

V4
V3

9
V1V1V1
0

125

: SDH,

33

125

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SDH
.
PDH (2M, 34M 140M) STM-N.

1. 2 VC4
TUG3, TUG2 TU12, -,
2
.
2. STM-1
34M ,
140M .

34

2M ,

 SDH
2.0

:

.

.
,
.
- AU-PTR TU-PTR.
SDH.

3.1
,
SDH.
.

,

. ,
STM-N. ,
2.5G
STM-16,
16 STM-1.
VC4 STM-1,
63 VC12 VC4.
2 /
2,5/.
?
.
3.1.1
STM-N 1 9 1 9
. : 4 .
STM-1.
STM-1 SOH 1-3 1-9

35

 SDH
2.0

RSOH 5-9 1-9 MSOH ,

. 3-1.

9
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 X * X *

B1
D1

E1
D2

F1 X
D3

RSO H

A d m in is tra tiv e U n it P o in te r (s )

B 2B 2B 2 K 1

K2

D4
D7

D5
D8

D6
D9

D10

D11

D12

S1

M 1E 2 X

M SO H
X

- ( )
X - , ( )
*-

. 3-1 STM-N
. 3-1
STM-1.
? , .. RSOH
STM-N, MSOH
- STM-1 STM-N.
A1 A2
.
, SDH /
. ?
36

 SDH
2.0

---- AU-PTR TU-PTR.

STM-1
STM-N,

STM-1.
, ,
, . A1 A2
.
STM-1 STM-N

.
A1 A2? A1 A2
: A1: 11110110 (f6H) A2: 00101000(28H).
. 3N
f6H , 3N 26H (
A1 A2 STM-1), ,
STM-N .
A1 A2
(625), .. ,

- out-of-frame OOF. OOF 3,
--
- LOF. AIS
, . LOF
1 ,
.

STM-N
, .
A1 A2 ,
.
, STM-N
(1 9N , A1 A2) .
.
: J0

,
.
.
J0 (.. )
. J0

37

 SDH
2.0

,
.
(DCC): D1-D12
SDH OAM (OAM-operation,
administration and maintenance ,
),
. D1-D12
.
SDH , PDH,
,
-.
OAM? , OAM,
, ,
D1-D12 STM-N, ..
OAM
D1-D12 STM-N SDH . ,
D1-D12
.
(ECC), D1-D12
, (OAM)
SDH (SMN).
D1, D2 D3 (DCC - DCCR)
3 64/=192/, OAM
. D4-D12
(DCC DCCM) 9
64/=576/ OAM
.
DCC 768/,
SDH.
: E1 E2

64/ ,
.. .
E1 RSOH .
E2 MSOH .
, :
Multiplexer
Terminal

Regenerator Regenerator
B

38

Multiplexer
Terminal

 SDH
2.0

. 3-2
E1 ,
A, B, C D . ?
/
SDH,
RSOH MSOH. E1 E2
.
RSOH .
E1 .
E2 ,
A D. B C
MSOH E2.
: F1
64/
/ .
( )
.
(BIP-8) byte: B1

.
?
BIP-8.
, 4 : A1=00110011,
A2=11001100, A3=10101010 A4=00001111. BIP-8
4 8 ( ),
( , 1 8 )
. 3-3.

BIP-8

A1
A2
A3
A4

00110011
11001100
10101010
00001111

01011010

. 3-3 BIP-8
"1" . 1
over (B), ,
39

 SDH
2.0

0.
B "1" A1A2A3A4 .
BIP-8.
, "1" .
B BIP-8 A1A2A3A4.
1 :
BIP-8
(1#STM-N) B1
(2#STM-N) .
(1#STM-N)

B1 (2#STM-N)
. ,
1. "1"
1#STM-N .
:

, STM-N
, . 3-3. B1
8 STM-N .
BIP-8 8 ,
.
N24 (BIP-N24): B2
B2 B1 , ,
. B1
STM-N.
B1 STM-N. B2
STM-1 STM-N. N*3 B2
STM-N B2 STM-1.
BIP-24
( ) STM-1, RSOH
(RSOH B1 STM-N)
B2 .
BIP-24
STM-1 RSOH
B2
. "1"
,
STM-1 STM-N .
24 .
(APS):
K1, K2 (b1-b5)
40

 SDH
2.0

(APS),
MSP,

.
APS .

(MS-RDI): K2 (b6-b8)
, ()
(), ,

(MS-AIS). , ,
MS-RDI ,
. b6-b8 K2 - 110, ,
MS-RDI, .
b6-b8 K2 - 111, ,
MS-AIS, . ,
MS-RDI , 110 b6-b8 K2
STM-N . , MS-RDI
. MS-RDI
R-LOS, R-LOF MS-AIS.

: S1b5-b8
, ,
ITU-T, .
,
.
S1 (b5-b8), .

(MS
REI): M1
. M1
, ,
BIP-N 24 (B2) ,
.

, :

. ,
, .

, :

41

 SDH
2.0

.
:
SDH
STM
.

STM-N.
OAM STM-N.
N STM-1 STM-N
. ?
AU-PTR .
. N
STM-1 STM-N
. STM-1
, N-1
, B2. . . 3-4
STM-4

36
* Z0
* *
* Z0
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 J0 Z0
CL

E1
B1
F1

* * * * * * *

x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x

D1

D2

RSOH

D3

Administrative Unit Pointer(s)

9

B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1

K2

D4

D5

D6

D7

D8

D9

D10

D11

D12

S1

M1

E2

MSOH

: -,

* -

Z0-

. 3-4 SOH STM-4

STM-N B1, N3 B2 ( B2
BIP-24, STM-1 3 B2,
38=24). STM-N D1-D12, E1 E2, 1,
1 K2. ?
. 3-5 STM-16

42

 SDH
2.0

144
A1

A1

A1

A1

A1

A1

A2

B1

E1

D1

D2

A2

A2

A2

A2

A2

J0
CL

*
Z0
CL

F1

CL

RSOH

D3

Administrative Unit Pointer(s)

9 B2

B2

B2

B2

B2

D4

B2

K1

K2

D5

D6

D7

D8

D9

D10

D11

D12

S1

E2

M1

MSOH

...

: - ,

Z0 -

3-5 SOH STM-16

3.1.2
OAM ,
.

, :
(SOH), (POH).
( ),
:
(
). ,
VC4, .. STM-N
140 /. OAM
VC12, .. 2
/.

34 /,
POH VC3 ,
.
VC4. 34 / STM-N
, VC3 .

1.

: HOPOH
43

 SDH
2.0

9 ,
VC4, . 3-6.

261

VC4

J1
B3
C2
G1
F2
H4
F3
K3
N1

. 3-6

J1
AU-PTR VC4 AU-4, ..
VC4. ,
VC4 AU-4, . J1
VC4, AU-PTR .
J1 J0. J1
.

( ). , J1
. Huawei
HuaWei SBS. ,
.

B3 BIP-8
B3 ,
VC4 STM-N, ..
140 /. B3
B1 B2, , VC4
BIP-8.

44

 SDH
2.0

,
HP-BBE (
). VC4
HP-REI ( ),
. B1 B2,
STM-N
.

1 ,
, 1,
RS-BBE ( ).
: .
2 ,
, 2,
MS-BBE ( ).

MS-REI (
). ( MS-REI 1).

:
, ,
, (error overflow
alarm).

C2:
2
VC, ,
, . , 2=00 ,
. , TUG3 VC4
1 (
HP-UNEQ). 2=02 , VC4
TUG. , 2/ VC4
TUG, .
2=15 , VC4 FDDI (
- ).
2/ Huawei , 2
TUG .

J1 2
.
HP-TIM ( ) HP-SLM
( ).
TU-AIS.

45

 SDH
2.0

G1
G1 ,
.
, ,
. ? G1
, .. ,
,
V4, .
1-4 G1 VC4, (.. HP-REI)
3 (
BIP-8). AIS,
J1 C2 ,
5 G1 HP-RDI
( ).
VC4,
,
. 6 8
.

F2, F3:

.

H4: TU .

. ,
TU12 , VC4.
4 VC4 PDH 2
/. , 2 / C12
, .
E1, (1, 2, 3, 4)
. H4, TU12 (VC12 C2)
, .
00H 03. H4,
, , TU-LOM
( ). H4
TU12, , TU-PTR (
TU-PTR ).
VC12, VC12
C12. C12 2 /.

K3:
.
.

N1:

46

 SDH
2.0

.
2. : LOPOH
LO-POH VC12.
V12, ..
PDH 2 / STM-N.
POH VC12? . 3-7
VC12, VC12. POH
VC12. LO-POH ,
V5, J2, N2 K4.
1
1 V5

4
J2

V C 12

N2

VC 12

K4

VC12

VC12

9
500us VC12 m ultiframe

. 3-7 .

V5:
V5 (). TU-PTR
VC12 TU12, .. TU-PTR
V5 TU12.
V5 ,
VC12. , G1, B3 C2,
. . 3-8 V5.

BIP-2
1

BIP-2:

:
(
FEBE)

1 -

47

.

:

(
FERF).
1
,
0

 SDH
2.0

3
,

VC12
.
2 ,

BIP-2

, 1

1,

- 0

000
VC12
001

010

011

100

101

110 ,
O.181
111- VS-AIS

. 3-8 VC12 POH (V5).

BIP-2 ,

LP-BBE ( )
LP-REI (
). b3
V5. ,
LP-REI. 8 V5 VC12
. LP-RDI (
) TU-AIS
. : RDI
.
, ,
, .
LP-RFI ( ).
b4 V5. ,
, VC12.
5 7 . ,
, VC12 , .. VC12 . b5-b7
000, , VC12
LP-UNEQ ( ). 0
( 1 - AIS). b5-b7 V5
, LP-SLM (
).

J2 VC12
J2 J0 J1.
,
.
.

48

 SDH
2.0

N2
.

K4
.

:
?
STM-N
, ,
, .
STM-N ,
STM-N.

3.2
,
VC STM-N, VC C,
PDH , ..
STM-N.
? ,
, ..
( ),
VC, VC TU (
V AU). ,
VC, ,
VC. VC4,
AU-PTR J1, TU-PTR
V5.
TU AU ,
VC TU AU.
VC SDH,
.
(AU-PTR TU-PTR), VC
( VC4) VC (:
VC12) AU-4 TU12 .
.

3.2.1 AU-PTR
AU-PTR, 4, 1-9 STM-1,
J1 VC4 AU-4. ,
VC4, . 3-9.

49

 SDH
2.0

RSOH

H1YYH2FFH3H3H3

HH3H3H3

0-----1------------------86

MSOH

9
1

435--436------ --------521
522--5 23--------------608

RSOH

125

696--697---------------782
4

H1YYH2FFH3H3H3

0--------1----------------86

MSOH

250
us

270

. 3-9 AU-4 STM

, AU-PTR 9 : H1YYH2FFH3H3H3.
Y=1001SS11 ( S ), F=11111111.
H1 H2.
.
? .
, , - . ( VC4)
( ).
125 .
1) VC4 , AU-4, .. AU-4 ,
VC4, , VC4 , 125
( ). VC4 ,
. ( AU-4)
. H3 ( )
.
. , , ,
, (VC4 3 ).
. 3,
FF .
,
.
2) VC4 , AU-4, .. VC4
AU-4, VC4
. AU-4 (
), .
, ,
3 AU-PTR H3.
( ,
). ,
VC4 (3 ). ,
.
. , H3
50

 SDH
2.0

. VC4 , AU-4,
AU-4
(3 H3). ,
(3 H3),
AU-PTR,
AU-4.
3) , VC4 AU-4,
.. VC4. AU-PTR
.
VC4 ( , ) AU-4,
, . 3-10.
, H3 , .. ,
AU04 2619/3=783 , AU-PTR
, J1 AU-4. , AU-PTR
0 782, , . 8
,
AU-LOP ( AU) AIS - TU-AIS.
, ,
( ) (
) .
4) VC4 AU-4 , ..
, , AU-PTR 522,
. 3-9. : AU-PTR J1
VC4. , ,
3 .
, 10 12.
0 1023 (210). AU-PTR
0-782, . 16 H1H2
? . 3-10.

(NDF)

AU/TU

,

.

AU-4
TU-3=10

NNNN=0110.

NNNN

10-
AU-4 0-782
.

H3 VC4.
.
1)
VC4
AU-4. NDF 0110.
2) VC4 , AU-4,
I ,
.
VC

51

 SDH
2.0

,
1.

1001
NDF.

,
NDF

,
VC,

.

NDF

0110.

3) VC4 , AU-4,
D ,
.

VC4
VC
.
1.
4) NDF 1001, ,
.
,

1,
NDF 0110
5) ,


.
6)
,

. 3-10 H1 H2 AU-4
7-16 1 2. 10
I, D.

I- D-. , I-
, D-
.
, ..
, ,
(
).
NDF AU-4.
, ..
. NDF
8 , AU-LOP.
,
, .. ,
. ,
VC4
.
5 I- 5 D- ,
AU-PTR .
, I-

52

 SDH
2.0

D-, .. VC4 ,
.

3.2.2 TU-PTR
V5
TU12 , VC12. TU
, VC12
TU12. TU-PTR , V1, V2, V3 V4
TU12, . 3-11.

V5

0
73
77
81

105
109
113

85

117

89

121

93

125

94

97

98

70
74
78
82
86
90

102

71
75

72
76

C-12
94-2=
32W+
2Y

103

104

106
110

107
111

108
112
116

0
4
8

120

12

124

16

128

20

129

132

101

133

V1

137

C-12
94-2
=32W+
1Y +1G

138

139

1
5

2
6

3
7
11

35
39
43

15

47

19

51

23

55

24

27

59

62

136

28

31

63

66

V2

32

V3

67

C-12
94-2=
32W+
1Y+ 1G

33

34

36
40

37
41

C-12
94-2=
31W+
1Y+
1M+1N

68

69

38
42
46
50
54
58

V4

500 TU-12 4(9x4)

. 3-11 TU-12

TU12 , V1, V2, V3 V4

, V2 TU12,
, , V2,
.
0 139. V5 VC12 ,
TU12.
V3 TU12 .
. V4 .
V1 V2. 16
V1 V2 16 H1 H2 AU-PTR.

53

 SDH
2.0

:
/ V3

, TU-PTR
. , 0 139.
NDF 8
, TU-LOP (
) AIS.
VC12 TU12, V5 70,
.. TU-PTR 70.
TU-PTR ,
AU-PTR.

:
?
1. AU-PTR TU-PTR VC4 VC12?
2. ,
.
.

54

 SDH
2.0

SDH.
RSOH, MSOH, HP-POH
LP-POH .

.

1. MS-AIS MS-RDI?
2. R-LOF?
3. , AU-PTR 800 1023?
4. ?

55

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

4 SDH

:
NE ( - )
SDH.
,
SDH
.
.
.
,

.

4.1 SDH
SDH ,
.
SDH : / ,
, ..
SDH.
1. TM
, ..
. , .
4-1.

56

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

W
STM-N

TM

140 /

2/
34/
STM-M

: M<N

. 4-1 TM

-
STM-N
STM-Nl.
, / STM-N,
/
.

STM-N ,
. , STM-1
( )
STM-16, . STM-1
. 2
63 VC12 STM-1. Huawei
TM ( )
. : .
2. ADM /
/
SDH .
SDH.
. 4-2.

57

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

STM-N

e
ADM

2/ 34/c

STM-N

STM-M

140/

:M<N

4-2 ADM

ADM .
(
- ).
(W) (E).
ADM -

W E

, W E.
STM-N
E/W , 3# STM-1 E
STM-16 15# STM-1 W STM-16.
ADM SDH.
, .. . , ADM
TM.
3. REG
. REG,
,
- REG,
, -
, ,
,
.
. REG - ,
w e 4-3:

58

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

STM-N

REG

STM-N

4-3 REG

w e
- ,
,
,

,
- e w .
, REG ADM,
ADM REG,
/ (
/ ).
RSOH
STM-N ,
w e e w. ADM TM
RSOH, /
(2M/, 34M/, 140M/)
STM-N, MSOH. ADM TM
, ADM
REG.
4. DXC
-
STM-N. ( SDH),
,
. 4-4:
:n

DXC

:m

4-4 DXC

59

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

DXC m
STM-N n STM-N.
, m n
. DXC - .
DXC (,
VC12) ( STM-16)
.
DXCm/n DXC,
m DXC, n
,
. m ,
DXC, n,
DXC.
m n 4-1:
4-1 m n
m n

0
64/

1
2M/

8M 34M 140M/
/
/
155M/

622M 2.5G
/
/

ADM DXC ,
Huawei-made 2.5G 6 X 6 DXC5/1.

4.2 SDH
, SDH ,
,
SDH.
ITU-T - ,
SDH. ,
.

(.. ).

. ,
,
. .

60

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, TM
.
. ,
,
. 4-5:

TTF

w
STM

SPI

RST

MST

MSP

MSA

HOI

140/ G.703
M PPI

LPA

LOI

2/c G.703 K
34/

PPI

HPC

HOA

LPA

LPT

LPC

: 2 /c

OHA

HPT

OHA

HPA

SEMF
P
D4D12
SETS

HPT

MCF
N
D1D3

Q
F

SETPI

4-5 SDH

,
:
SPI:
RST:
MST:
MSP:
MSA:
PPI: PDH
LPA:
LPT:
LPC:

61

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

HPA:
HPT:
TTF:
HOI:
LOI:
HOA:
HPC:
OHA:
SEMF:
MCF:
SETS:
SETPI:
4-5 - , TM.
STM-N A
PDH
140M/
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-L-M; STM-N PDH 2M/
34M/ (
2M/ )
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K.
. -
, PDH
140M/, 2M/ 34M/
STM-N .

.
y

SPI: SDH

SPI - ,
- , -
, (STM-N)
.
1) B
- ,
, SETS (
)

62

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

. SETS
, .
STM-N A (
,
BER 10-3), SPI R-LOS
(receiving loss of signal - ) SEMF
(Synchronous Equipment Management Functional block) R-LOS.
2) B A
- ,
(STM-N).
y

RST:

RST - RSOH, ..

RST
RSOH ( )
SDH () RSOH
( ).
1) B C -
R-LOS
RST B. RST
R-LOS, 1 (AIS) C.
B, RST
A1 A2 . -
,
.
(625 ),
Out Of Frame ( - ),
RST Receiving signal Out Of
Frame - - ROOF.
,
ROOF . ROOF 3 ,
Loss Of Frame RST
RLOF , 1 C.
RST B,
STM-N,
. RSOH. RST
B1. ,
RS-BBE. RST
E1 F1 OHA ( Overhead Access) . D1-D3

63

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SEMF, OAM
..
2) C B -
RST RSOH, B1
RSOH.
A, B C 4-6:

270 N
1

STM-N

9
STM-N

9N

4-6 A, B C

MST:

MST - ,
() MSOH
MSOH .
1) C D-
MST APS ( )
K1 K2 SEMF, SEMF
(..
). Point C
b6-b8 K2 111, ,
, C, , 1 (AIS).
MST MS-AIS (
).

MS-AIS , C - 1.
R-LOS, R-LOF, RST R-LOS
R-LOF, C 1. b6-b8 K2 ,
, 111. MS-AIS

64

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, ,
MS-AIS, ..
STM-N RSOH,
1.

b6-b8 K2 C - 110,
,
: MS-RDI (
),
MS-AIS B2 .
MST B2
.
,
MS-BBE,
MS-REI . M1
, .
MS-AIS B2
( MST , B2
MS-EXC), 1
D.
MST
S1 (b5-b8),
SEMF. MST D4-D12 SEMF
OAM , E2
OHA
.
2) D C -
MST MSOH: E2 OHA, D4-D12 SEMF K1, K2 MSP.
MSOH B2, S1 M1.
MST MS-AIS MS-EXC (B2) ,
b6-b8 K2 110 .
D 4-7:

65

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

270N

9N

4-7 D

B :

, ?
RST
( RST ),
MST
( MST, RST
).

MST

RST

SPI

.....

SPI

RST

MST

.....

RS ( )
MS ( )

RSOH STM-N,
RSOH MSOH STM-N.

MSP: ( )

MSP STM-N
.
(
), STM-N
. ITU-T ,
50 .

66

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

R-LOS, R-LOF,
MS-AIS MS-EXC (B2).
, () .
TM . 4-8:

TM

TM

M
S
A

MST

MST

S
P

M
S

MST

MST

M
S
A

4-8 TM

1) D E -
MSP MS-AIS, MST
SEMF,
.
2) E D -
E D.
E D.

:
1+1,
1:1 1:n. 4-8 :
1+1 ,
.

,
( )
67

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.
(
). ,
.
1:1 ,
( ) ,
. , .

.
, ,

,
. ,
.
( ).
, .

,
.
1:n , n .
,

.

MSA:

MSA - AU-PTR
/ STM-N , .. / AUG
VC4.
1)

E F - . MSA
- AUG n AU-4
n AU-PTR , n AU-4. AU-PTR
8 AU-PTR
NDF 8 , AU-4
MSA AU-LOP
(VC4) F - l 1. MSA
H1, H2 H3 1 3 ,
1 E. MSA

68

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

VC4 F
AU-AIS AU-4.

2) F E - . F
AU-4 MSA - AU-PTR. N
AU-4

AUG

. F
4-9.
1

261

1
VC4
9
4-9 F

TTF:

,

. SPI, RST, MST MSA
TTF. -
/ (SPI)
STM-N , RSOH (RST) MSOH
(MST),

(MSP),
AUG AU-PTR
n VC4. . TTF
- n VC4 TTF - STM-N .
y

HPC:

HPC .
VC4.
, HPC
( HPC F). HPC -
DXC ADM,
- VC4,
. SDH
,
: HPC
LPC. ,
69

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

4-6 2N
VC4 * 2N VC4, 2N VC4 2N VC4
.
y

HPT:

, HPC : HOI
, 140 PDH ;
HOA , 2
PDH LOI. ,
HPT.
HPT .
HPT - ,

(VC4).
1) F G -
POH B3. ,

HP-BBE . ,
b1-b4 G1
.
,
HP-REI .

b1-b4 G1 - 0-15, B3
8 , .. 0-8
b1-b4 G1 0-8 , 7
(9-15) .

HPT . J1 C2. (,
, , ),
HP-TIM HP-SLM,
1. HP-RDI


b5 G1. ,
2 = 00000000 5 ,
VC4 , 1

70

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

G.
HP-UNEQ VC4 HPT.

H4
. HPT HPA
HOA (
2 ) .
2) G F -
HPT POH B3. SEMF J1 C2
HPT, POH.
G C4.
C4 140, , ,

C12-VC12-TU12-TUG2-TUG3-C4. .
PDH 140 4.
G 4-10:
1

260
1
C4
9

4-10 G

LPA:

LPA - PDH C
C PDH
.
y

PPI: PDH

PPI
-
PDH. -
.
1) L M -

71

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

PDH
, HDB3 (2M/, 34M/), CMI (140M/).
2) M L -
PDH NRZ

SETS .
SETS
.
PPI ,
T-ALOS (2M/) EXLOS
(34M/, 140M/),
.
y

HOI:

,
: HPT, LPA PPI. : PDH
140M/ -C4-VC4.
2
4 4.
y

HPA:

G C4,

TUG3

. TUG3 UG2
,
TUG2
TU12. TU12
VC12+TU-PTR.
3.
HPA - MSA ,
TU-PTR ,
C4 VC12 (
2).
1) G H -
C4 63 TU12. TU-PTR
VC12 TU12. , H, 63
VC12.
HPA
V1,V2,V3.
1, HPA
TU-AIS
72

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

VC12 1 H. HPA
TU-PIR NDF
8 , HPA TU-LOP

VC12 1 H.
HPA TU12 VC12
H4, HPT.
H4
.
, TU-LOM.

H4 , TU-LOM
. H4 - 00H-03H.
2) H G -
HPA VC12 () TU-PTR,
..
VC12 TU12.
63 TU12
: TUG2-TUG3-C4.
y

HOA:

- VC (VC12 VC3)
C4 ,
4 VC (VC12, VC3).
H 4-11.

1
1
VC12
9

4-11 H

LPC:

HPC, LPC
,
VC (VC12, VC3) t .
,
73

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

HPC LPC. , DXC4/1

VC4 VC3 VC12. .. , DXC4/1
HPC LPC.
LPC ( LPC H).
y

LPT:

LPT - POH . VC12

POH : V5, J2, N2 K4.
1) H J -
LPT LO-POH, BIP-2 b1-b2 V5.
VC12,
LP-BBE
.
b3 V5.
LP-REI (low order path
remote error indication -
) . J2
b5-b7 V5 (,
) LP-TIM (low order
path trace identifier mismatch -
) LP-SLM (low order path signal label mismatch -
) .
I LPT
1 LP-RDI (low order path remote
defect indication -
)
b8 V5 ().
, VC12
. 5
, b5-b7 V5 000,
LP-UNEQ (low order
path unequipped - )
.
I C12 signal.
4-12.

74

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

4
1
C12
9

4-12 I
y

LPA:

, .. PDH (2M/, 34M/)
C12 ( C3) .
/ : 2M/ C12 ( 34M/ C3).
J 2M/ PDH.
y

PPI: PDH

PPI
,
.
y

LOI:

VC 12 PDH 2M/ ( 34M/ VC3)
PDH 2M/ VC12 (
VC3 34M/) ,
- ; LOI
.
,
,
REG, TM, ADM DXC, .

SEMF:

-
.
: ,
75

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, OAM
DCC,
.
OAM DCC (D1-D12)
SEMF.
SEMF RST MST
MCF D1-D12 RST MST MCF
.
y

MCF:

MCF
SEMF,
. SEMF ( F, Q)
MCF, OAM
DCC RST MST N a
P, OAM
.
N MCF D1-D3 (DCCR),
P D4-D12 (DCCM). F Q
.

.

T :
F Q
, ?
F
, Q
.

SETS:

,
, , .

76

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SETS , SDH
SDH .
SETS :
1) STM-N
SPI;
2) PDH PPI;
3) SETPI (
), . . 2M
2M/;
4)
,
.
SETS,

SPI PPI. SETS
2M/ 2M
SETPI,
SDH
.

SETPI:

SETS. SETS
. .
y

OHA:

OHA - E1, E2 F1
RST MST .
,
, ,
.
,

.
, , .

77

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
.
,
SDH
.
y

SPI - R-LOS

RST - R-LOF- A1,A2; ROOF - A1,A2; RS-BBE - B1;

MST - MS-AIS - K2[b6-b8];MS-RDI - K2[b6-b8); MS-REI - M1; MS-BBE B2; S-EXC - B2;

MSA - AU-AIS - H1, H2, H3; AU-LOP - H1, H2

HPT - HP-RDI - G1[b5]; HP-REI - G1[b1b4]; HP-TIM - J1; HP-SLM

(C2); HP-UNEQ (C2); HP-BBE (B3)

HPA - TU-AIS - V1, V2, V3; TU-LOP - V1, V2; TU-LOM

LPT - LP-RDI - V5[b8]; LP-REI - V5[b3]; LP-TIM (J2); LP-SLM

(V5[b5b7]); LP-UNEQ - V5[b5b7]; LP-BBE - V5[b1b2];

(H4)

- ,
:
ITU-T :
y

R-LOS - loss of receiving signal - ,

,
, , BER
10-3.

ROOF - out of receiving frame - ,

A1 A2 625 .

R-LOF - loss of receiving frame - ,

ROOF 3 .

RS-BBE: , B1
(STM-N).

MS-AIS - multiplex section alarm indication signal -

K2[6 - 8]=111, 3 .

MS-RDI - multiplex section remote defect indication-

-

78

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

K2[6 - 8] = 110,
MS-AIS, MS-EXC .
y

MS-REI - multiplex section remote error indication-

- B2 .

MS-BBE- multiplex section background block error -

- B2 .

MS-EXC - multiplex section excessive error -

- B2
.

AU-AIS - administrative unit alarm indication signal -

- 1, H2, H3 - 1 .

AU-LOP - loss of administrative unit pointer -

- 8
NDF.

HP-RDI - high order path

remote defect indication -
-
HP-TIM, HP-SLM HP-RDI
G1.

HP-REI - high order path remote error indication -

- ,
3
() .

HP-BBE - high order path background block error -

- ,
B3 .

HP-TIM - high order path trace identifier mismatch-

- , J1,
, .

HP-SLM - high order path signal label mismatch -

- , 2,
, .

HP-UNEQ - high order path unequipped -

, C2=00H ,
.

TU-AIS - tributary unit alarm indication signal -

, V1, V2, V3 1.

79

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

TU-LOP - tributary unit loss of pointer -

-
NDF.

TU-LOM (HP-LOM) - tributary unit loss of multi-frame -

, 2-10 H4

H4.

LP-RDI - low order path remote defect indication -

-
TU-AIS LP-SLM, LP-TIM LP-RDI
V5.

LP-REI - low order path remote error indication -

, V5[1-2].
,
V5.

LP-TIM - low order path trace identifier mismatch -

, J2.

LP-SLM - low order path signal label mismatch -

, V5[5-7].

LP-UNEQ - low order path unequipped -

- V5[5 - 7]=000 5 .

.
4-13 -
TU-AIS, .
4-13, TU-AIS
.

80

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

R-LOS

MS-EXC

AU-LOP

R-LOF

MS-AIS

AU-AIS

HP-UNEQ

HP-TIM

HP-SLM

TU-AIS

4-13 TU-AIS

B :

, TU-AIS -
.
STM-1
A

2 , .
2 48# VC12 ,
49# VC12 . 49# VC12
,
TU-AIS . 49# VC12
2,
( ).

4-14 -
SDH,

81

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

C
RST

SPI

D
MST

EF

MSA

G
HPT

H
HPA

LOS

"1"

LOF
B1

RS-BBE

"1"

K2 MS-AIS
B2
B2 MS-Exc

B2 MS-BBE
M1 MS-REI
M1

AU-AIS

K2 MS-RDI
K2 MS-RDI
M1 MS-REI

"1"

AU-AIS
AU-LOP

HP-UNEQ
HP-TIM

J1

HP-SLM C2
HP-BIP

B3

HP-REI

G1

HP-RDI

G1

HP-RDI

G1

HP-REI

G1

TU-AIS

TU-AIS

"1"

HP-LOM/TU-LOP

4-14
SDH

, .
,
.

82

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

y
STM-N

140/

TM

TTF

G.703

HPC

HOA

HOI

LPC

LOI

G.703 2/

34/

TTF

:M<N
STM-M

4-15 TM

TM -
PDH, STM-M (M<N) STM-N.
HPC LPC,
.
y

STM-N

140/

G.703

ADM /

TTF

HPC

TTF

HOA

HOI

STM-N

LPC

LOI

G.703 2/

34/

TTF

:M<N
STM-M

4-16 ADM

ADM - /
(PDH, STM-M) STM-N
e w STM-N
w e.

83

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

REG

STM-N

STM-N
SPI

RST

SPI

RST

4-17 REG

REG - ,
STM-N e/w w/e. :
.
y

DXC

DXC - ADM ,

(STM-N)
( ,
ADM) 4-18.

STM-N

G.703
LPC
+HPC

PDH signal

4-18 DXC

.
,
.

?
SDH

84

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

1) ,

.
2) ,
SDH.
3) - 2 3. ?

85

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SDH
SDH.
-
.

1) MS-AIS.
2) , HP-RDI.
3) TTF.
4) DXC4/1?

86

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

5 SDH

:

SDH.
.
,
.

.
SDH.
PDH SDH.

5.1
SDH SDH,
, (NE)
.
( ), /
.
, , .
. 5-1.
y

.

SDH, ( ).
y

,
, ,
.
,
,
87

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

. ,

. ,
.
(
).

(a)
(b)

TM

ADM

ADM
TM

TM

DXC/ADM

TM

TM
(c)

TM

DXC/ADM

TM
ADM

ADM

TM

TM
TM
ADM
(d)
ADM

ADM
ADM
(e)

DXC/ADM

DXC/ADM

DXC/ADM

DXC/ADM

. 5-1
y

, -
.
y

,
, ,

88

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.
, ..
,
. (
), .

.
,
, , ,
. , ,
, .

,
.
,
.

5.2

, ,
. , ,
, . 5-2.

B
C

. 5-2

89

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, ,
BC,
CBA. ,
.
, CDA,
.
.
,
.
5-1.

5-1

5.2.1
. 5-3.

90

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

TM

ADM

STM-N

ADM

TM

. 5-3

, ..
STM-N
. . 5-3,
, , D, D. -
- (VC , , 48
VC12 3- VC4), -
, . ,
, Y,
, 49- VC12 7- VC4.
.

.
,
. ,

.
,
, ..
.
. , .
5-3. , ,
D. , D .
A-B
STM-N ( STM-N),
STM-N.

91

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
.
5-3,
, , D. A D .
,
,
. M ,
(M-1)STM-N, M-1
.

( , .. )
( 1+1 1:1).
,
/
. 1+1, 1:1 1:n
, ,
MSP. ,
1:n 14. ?
b5-b8 K1. 0001
1110 [1-14] ,
.

5.2.2 -
1
,
, ,
.
, .
,
.
, (,
)
( 50 )
, .
,

.
,

.
,

92

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
- .

,
. ,
, ,
.

:

.
.
,

.
(
),
.
,
, , ,
, .
, , .

.

2

,
.

,

.
:
-

,
;

(
/) (

93

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

/),
;
-

,
.

. ,
, ..
( PDH) STM-N.

, ,
TU-AIS. , STM-16
TU-AIS 48- TU-12 4- VC4,
.

.
APS,
K1 K2 (b1-b5). ,
STM-N
.

LOS, LOF, MS-AIS MS-EXC.
:
STM-N 1
2,
STM-N ( ) STM-N
( ), , ,
.

1+1,
,
. 1:1,

, .

3

, (S1),
(1).
94

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.

. ,
S1
1. ,
.

, . 5-4 ().
,
S1 P1. ,
S1 P1, ,
S1
P1. ,
S1.
S1 D (
), P1 B (
).
S1,
.
.

CA AC
P1
S1
A
STM-N

S1
P1
CA

AC

. 5-4 (a)
,
,
S1 P1 , . 5-4 (b).

95

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

Switchover

CA

AC
P1
S1
A

STM-N

S1
P1
CA

AC

. 5-4 (b)
,
.
S1
P1. S1
D.
, P1 .
, S1,
,
.

S1 P1. P1
D.
S1 .

S1. S1
, w R-LOS,
AIS 1.
TU-AIS S1.
, ,

P1. ,
, .

.
, ,
S1.
(10
Huawei) TU-AIS,

96

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, .. .
,
, , , ,
, 1+1.
( Huawei
15ms) ,
.

STM-N,

. ? ,
D . ,
D , (
, , D
). D
D C, , (
D ).
, D, ,
( ),
(
). ,
D STM-N,
, .. .
, STM-N , ,
, STM-N.

, ..
. ,
Huawei,
155 622.
:
,
S1 P1
, .

? :
, ,
S1. P1
?
, P1 .

97

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, , .5-3,
?
. , .

4

( ),
,
,
1+1.
.
,
. ,

.

. 5-5.

SBS2500

Node A

SBS2500

Node B

Node D

SBS2500

Node C

SBS2500

. 5-5
2500

98

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
, APS,
K1 K2 STM-N.
APS,
, .
SDH 25 .

, . 5-6.
CA AC
S1
P1
A
B

STM-N

P1
S1

CA AC
(a)
CA AC
S1
P1
A
B

D
P1
S1

CA AC

Switchover

(b)

5-6

,
, S1 P1
( ),
1:1, 1+1.
. 5-6 () .

S1. 1
.

,
, . 5-6 (b).
S1,
1.
99

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

() 1,

.

P1.
S1,
S1, .
C, D
, ,
, .

.


,
. 1:1. , P1
(), ,

2*STM-N
(
) 1*STM-N
.


,
, . ,

,
.
:
, S1 P1
,
.
,
S1,
P1. STM-N
( )
.
Huawei: , -
.

,

100

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.
.

,
.
, , /
,
. ,
STM-16, 16 ,
, /
2.5G STM-1,
.

, .
. 5-7
CA AC
S1
P1
S2
P2

STM-N

P2
S2
P1
S1

CA AC
(a)

CA

AC
S1
P1
S2
P2
A
B

STM-N

P2
S2
P1
S1

Switchov

CA

AC
(b)

Switchover
Switchover

Switchover

. 5-7

, S1,
P1, S2, P2. S1 S2
101

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, 1 2 ,
. , P1 P2
S1 S2,
. ,
S1, P1, S2 P2. S1 S2
( , ),
S1 P1, S2 P2. .
5-7() , S1 P2 ,
S2 P1 (

). , ,

ADM. ? ADM
( ,
/ ),

.
ADM.
,

S1.
, S2
( ).
1 2.
, ,
. 5-7 ().
,
S1 P1, S2 P2
, . 5-7 (b) (
).
S1.
1, ,
D ( ),
,
1 . 1
S1 (
).
, S1.
,
2,
. 2
D , .
, 2
S2 .
S2 . ,

102

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.

.
: by
.
2* STM-N ( ) 4*STM-N (
). STM-N ( ) 2*STM-N
( ) ,
. ?
STM-N.
,
, .

. , A-D
D,
D -
D .

, , ,
STM-N () 2STM-N ( ).
.
, ,
NSTM-N 2NSTM-N.

, PP,
APS, 1 2.
,
.
:
, ( ,
, );
, PP.

.

, .
(
ADM),
. ?

(
).

103

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

:
(
REG, REG
), ,
1 2. 16.

7



, :

.

, ,
,
ADM, .
. 5-7 (), S1 P2,
S2 P1 ,
,
S1/P2 S2/P1. (,
1# - 8# STM STM-16)
,
( 9# - 16#) .
,
. , P2
S1/P2 S2
S2/P2, S2 P2
/ .
/

.
, .
.

. 5-8.
,
S1
S1/P2 ( STM-16,
8 1# - 8# STM-1 [VC4] STM-N),
P2 ( STM-16,
9# - 16#STM-1 [VC4]). , S1/P2,

104

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

B .
S1
P2 S1/P2.
S2 S2/P1, P1.
.
S2/P1, . 5-8-1.

C A

A C

S1/P2
S2/P1
A
B

D
C

S2/P1
S1/P2

C A A C

. 5-8-1
.
- ,

S1/P2.
( ,
). S1 S1/P2
P1 S2/P1 (,
STM-16 1#-8# STM-1 [VC4] S1/P2
9#-16 STM-1 [VC4] S2/P1).
1
S2/P1 . ,
D S2/P1 .
( ), ,
, P1 S2/P1 S1
S1/P2, .
. 5-8-2.

105

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

CA

AC

S1/P2
S2/P1
A
B

D
C

CA

AC

S2/P1
S1/P2

STM-N

Switchover

. 5-8-2


S2 P2 S1/P2.

P2. S1/P2
D .
, .. P2 S1/P2 S2
S2/P1, .

.


, .. M/2*(STM-N) M*STM-N (
), .

,
622 2500, .

? :

155 /?

, STM-1 ,
.

,
STM-1.

106

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

155 /.

,
:
,
.
.

8
y

( )

STM-N,
/2*STM-N (
).
y

. APS
, .

, .
y

,

AIS. SDH.
,
.

APS. , , ,

.

107

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

5.3

.
, .
2500.

1 T
T ,
. 5-9.
STM-16
TM

ADM

ADM

ADM

TM

A
ADM STM-4

TM

. 5-9
STM-16,
STM-4.
STM-4 STM-16
. TU .

/
.
2
. 5-10.

. .
STM-4, ,
. STM-4,
, .
, C D.
-,

108

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

. -,
D .

C
ADM
STM-4
ADM
STM-16

ADM

ADM

TM

ADM

. 5-10

3
. 5-11.
STM-16
.
.

.

,
.

ADM
B

ADM
ADM

STM-16

ADM

ADM
STM-1/4

ADM

STM-16

ADM

ADM

. 5-11 .

109

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

4
. 5-12.
, .
.
DXC ADM ( II III
).
,
,
, ,
.
, ,
( ).

STM-1

ADM
STM-16

STM-1

ADM

155

ADM

STM-1
STM-16

ADM

ADM
2500

DXC/ADM

STM-4

ADM

STM-16

ADM

STM-4

ADM

622
STM-4

ADM

. 5-12

5
,
,

, . 5-13.

110

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

STM-16

ADM
STM-4

ADM STM-16

DXC/ADM

622

STM-16

ADM

ADM

STM-4

DXC/ADM

ADM
STM-4

ADM

. 5-13
6
. 5-14

STM-1 STM-4.
-
/

.
,
/


.

111

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

A
STM-16

STM-16

STM-16

ADM

DXC/ADM

ADM

STM-1
STM-1

ADM

ADM

ADM

ADM

STM-4 ADM

STM 4/1

ADM

ADM

STM-4 ADM

. 5 14

5.4 SDH
PDH, SHD ,
SDH.

.

, . ,

,
(),
, .
SDH ,
. 5-15.
.

DXC 4/4,
STM-4/STM-16
,
, ,
. DXC4/4 PDH
140 /, PDH 140 565 /

112

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

DXC4/4.
.
DXC4/4 DXC 4/1,
STM-1/STM-4,
,
. DXC4/1
2, 34 140 /, PDH

, .
(
, ),

(

STM-1/STM-4,
ADM, ,
).
.
,
,
. DXC4/1,

. , DXC4/1 PDH
SDH, ,
.
.
, .
( ),
,
. ADM
(OLC).
STM-1/STM-4. :
, STM-1,
PDH 2, 34 140 /,
,
,
ISDN 2B+D 30B+D MAN.

SDH 50% .
.
:
( ) (FTTC),
(FTTB) (FTTH).
SDH/CATV
,
, , ,

113

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
.

STM-4 or
STM-16

DXC4/4

DXC4/4

DXC4/4

1-

DXC4/4

STM-1
STM-4

ADM

DXC
4/4

DXC
4/4

2-

DXC
4/1

STM-1
or STM-4

ADM
DXC
4/1

ADM

DXC
4/1

ADM

ADM

ADM

DXC
4/1

ADM
Ring

Ring

Star

ADM
OLC
OLC

OLC

TM

ADM
OLC

OLC

OLC

OLC

OLC

. 5-15 SDH

5.5 PDH SDH

PDH SDH ,
. ,
SDH ,
. , SDH

, .
, SDH .
SDH ,
SDH.
.

114

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SDH.
, ,
.
, ,
SDH ,

.
? :
?
1.
2.

3. .
4. SDH
5. PDH SDH
2, .
?

115

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SDH,
.
,

.

1. ,
_______.
2. ,

______, ______ _____.

3.
( 2,5G),
, ______ 2 /.

116

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

:

.

,
,
,
,
.
, . ,
.

6.1.
SDH .

, ,
SDH.
,
, ,
: 850 , 1310 1550 .
850
. , 1310
1550 .

.

.
, -
(, 10-3).
,
,
.
,
.
,
. 1310
117

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
,
1550 ,
.
ITU-T ,
G.652, G.653 G.655. G.652
1310
(dispersion shift) (
1310 ).
1310 1550 . ,
G.653
, ,
1550 .

1550
1310 1550 .
,
1550 . , G.654
1550 ,
1310 .
1550 .
,
.

6.2.

.
,
, , ,
(, ),
.
.
,
: ,
,
.
. (. 6)

118

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

6-1

1310

1310 1550

1310

G.652

G.652 G.652

G.652 G.652 G.653

~15

~40

STM-1

I-1

S-1.1

S-1.2

L-1.1 L-1.2 L-1.3

STM-4

I-4

S-4.1

S-4.2

L-4.1 L-4.2 L-4.3

STM-16

I-16

S-16.1 S-16.2

1550

~60

L-16.1 L-16.2 L-16.3

, , I
, S
, L .
STM, , 1 STM-1, 16
STM-16.
, , 1 1310
G.652, 2 1550 G652 G.654, 3
1550 G.653.

6.3.
SDH .6-1

CTX

Cable equipment

CRX

Plug

Plug

. 6-1.

119

Receive

Transmit

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

. 6-1 S
(CTX) (TX), R
(CRX) (RX).
:
S,
R, S R.

, ,
,
( ) 110-10.

, SDH, PDH,

,

.
SDH NRZ-,
, SNM-N.
ITU-T NRZ-.
,
1+6+7
27-1=127 ().
: ,
, ,
,
. ,

.

0 1

( SPI). ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
, , .
, .
- ( ), ,
.
-, - - (
), .

120

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

S
1. 20 .

,

20 .
. 6-2.
0

Maximum 20dB bandwidth is 1~ 2

-20dB

. 6-2.

2. (SMSR)

P1
P2
.
SMSR=10lg(P1/P2)

SMSR 30 .
1. .

S .

121

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

2. (1)

1
0.

E X =10lg(EX1)
ITU-T 1-
( L-16.2) 8.2 .
R .

1. .

, 110-10 BER R.
,
, ,
,
2-4 .
3 , .

2. .

,
110-10 BER R. ,
, BER -
/. ,
, ,
BER, . 6-3.

122

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

BER

110 -10

Receiving optical power

. 6-3. BER
6-3
,
. -
, .

? :
?
1. .
2
3. ,

SDH

1.

2. I-1?.

123

SDH

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

:
.

/.
SDH .
/ SDH

, ,
. ,
, ,
( -) ,

,
.
, /
/.
,
,
,
(, ),
/ .

7.1
:
/.
,
,
.
. ,
,
( ).
, .

.
/ ,
,
124

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

(..
).
.
,
,
. ,
,
. /
. ,
,
.

/,

,
/. ,
.

.

.
, ,
,
.

/, ,
.
/


, .
,
,
.

(..
).
,
,
,
.

/
, ,

(..
125

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

).
.

, , ,
,
.

.
GPS (Global
Positioning System),
.
/,
GPS.

7.2. .
,
/, (
) .

.
, ,
,
, ,
GPS.
,
.


, ,
, ,

. ,
. ,
, ,

. ,

,
.
, .

126

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.

,
, , ,
,
.
,
.

7.3. SDH

, SDH
. ,
.

, , , ,
(
, ).

,

,
, .
SDH PDH ,
SDH PDH
.
, SDH PDH
.
SDH,
,
,
, .
, SDH,
, SDH ,
. ,
,
PRC, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
.

127

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

7.4. SDH
7.4.1. SDH

. , PRC
.
,
.

.
y

/ SDH
(),
: ,
,
, SDH (..
SDH). ITU-T
(
).
:
PRC G.811

G.812 ( )

G.812 ( )
SDH
G.813 ( ).

, ,

.
, ,
, ,
(
, ,
).
.
,
:
1) ,
. . 7-2.
128

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

NE1
NE2

NE3

. 7-2
NE2 NE1, NE3 NE2,
NE1 NE3, ,

.
2) .

.
3)
,
.
4) /
,
.
5) ,
.
7.4.2. SDH

SETPI

SPI
STM-N

PPI
PDH .
, SDH/PDH
.

SETS.

SETPI SDH.

129

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

7.4.3. SDH
SDH ,

. , SDH

.
,
(LPR),
GPS, (
). SDH
?
-, SDH
.
, ..
.
?
SDH ,
. SDH
,
, ,
SDH, .
,
SETPI, /
. SETS
SDH
,
SDH.
SDH , SETPI,
SDH ( PPI)
PDH ,
SDH.
:
, SDH
PDH - ,
.

SDH
? ,

, SETPI. SETPI
PDH, (
).
130

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
SDH : SPI
STM-N ,
/
. ,
.
. 7-3.

A
TM

Master station

B
ADM

STM-N
e

C
ADM

D
ADM

External clock

. 7-3. .
7-3 ,
,
.
STM-N,
STM-N. ,
W STM-N
( SPI)
. ,
W ,

STM-N . D

STM-N. , /
, SDH.
, , , D
, ,
. ,
, .

:
A C D,
C D,
D.

131

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
,
, STM-N.

,
(
, SDH
- ).
,

, .
,
, SDH
, .
, ,
,
. ,
.

:

SDH ,
.
, .
SDH
,
, .

?
. 7-4

132

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

External clock source

w

e
w

NE1

NE6

NE2
STM-N

w
NE5
e

e
NE3 w

NE4

. 7-4. .
NE1 .

SDH.
NE1
.
, ,
STM-N
, (ADM ).
, ,
,
.
, NE5 ,
NE3 .

NE1

NE2

External clock
STM-M

STM-N

NE4

NE5

Note

NE3

. 7-5. .
. 7-5 NE5 ,
( )
SDH. NE5
. NE4.
NE1, NE2 NE3 NE4
/ , NE4
133

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

( STM-M), NE5.
? NE4 SPI

STM-N, ,
( ) .

7.5 S1
SDH

1. S1

SDH,
ITU-T S1
. S1

S1.
S1.
SDH
,
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
, .

,
. ,
,
, ,

.
, , , .
,
,
.
S1 ITU-T .
S1
16 .
7-1 ,
ITU-T.
,

134

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

. 7-1

S1
(b5-b8)

S1

0000

000

( )

0001

001

0010

002

G.811

0011

003

0100

004

,
G.812

0101

005

0110

006

0111

007

1000

008

G.812

1001

009

1010

00A

1011

0x0B

(SETS)

1100

0x0C

1101

0x0D

1110

0x0E

1111

0x0F

SDH
:
.
,
, ,

,
.
,
,

135

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, (.. S1)
.
,
.
2
, ,
.
, . 7-6
BITS NE1 NE4.
BITS ,

G.812.
BITS NE1.
BITS
E

NE1

NE6

W
E

W
NE2

NE5

BITS

W
NE3
W

NE4
E

. 7-6.

, G.812.

. 7-2.
7-2.
.

NE1

NE2

136

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

NE3

NE4

NE5

NE6

, NE1 NE4
( BITS), S1
BITS.
, NE2
NE3
.
, NE4 NE3,
, NE4
NE3 , ..
S1 0xFF. , NE3 ,
, NE3

.
,
S1 NE4, .. NE3 S1 0x0B,

(SETS). NE4 ,
(
G.812 , .. S1
0X08),
. NE4
, . NE4
: , ,
BITS. ,
, BITS
.
, NE4 ,
BITS, NE4
. , NE4

, NE3.
137

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
, NE3
.
. 7-7.
BITS
E

NE1

NE6

W
E

W
NE2

NE5

BITS

W
NE3

NE4
E

. 7-7 ,
NE2 NE3
,
BITS NE1, ,
, ,
. 7-8.
E

NE1

NE6

W
E

W
NE2

NE5

BITS

E
NE3
W

NE4
E

. 7-8. ,
BITS N1

BITS NE1 NE4 ,

. ,
,
,
. , ,
BITS, NE4.

NE4, . 7-9,
G.812

138

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

NE1

NE6

W
E

W
NE2

NE5
Built-in clock

E
NE3
W

NE4
E

. 7-9. ,
BITS

,

.
? :
?
1.

/
2.

3.
, SDH,

/.
4.

, /.

4 . ?

SDH,
.

1.

_______________________.

139

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

2. , SDH ________,
________, ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, _________.

140

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

:
,
.

.


.

. ,
SDH, , .

8.1

, ,
.
8.1.1
, ,
(
10-3). .
1 , .
,
:
, , -,
, - ,
.
2. , .

141

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

,
,
.

.

8.1.2

64 /
27500 , .
,
.

(1, 2 3
),
, .
:
y

,
.

B Tips:
1, 2 3

. , .
y

(ES) (ESR).

,
. ES
, , ESR.
y

, (SES)
(SESR).

,
30%
(SDP). SDP ,
BER 10-2
, 4
1 (
).

142

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SES
(SESR).
SES ,
, SESR
.
y

(BBE)
(BBER)

, ,
SES .

(BER).

, BBER
,
, .

8.1.3. , .
ITU-T
27500 ,
, ,
,
(27500) ,
.
420,
280 50 .
. 8-1 420 .

(/)
ESR

155520

622080

3.69610-3

-5

SESR

4.6210

BBER

2.3110-6

2488320

4.6210

-5

2.3110-6

4.6210-5
2.3110-6

. 8-2 280 .

(/)
ESR

155520

622080

2488320

2.46410-3

143

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

SESR

3.0810-5

3.0810-5

3.0810-5

BBER

3.0810-6

1.5410-6

1.5410-6

. 8-3. 50 .

(/)
ESR

155520

622080

2488320

4.410-4

-6

-6

SESR

5.510

5.510

5.510-6

BBER

5.510-7

2.710-7

2.710-7

8.1.4.
.
/
.
,
,
. , ,
, , BER
10-14.
.

, ..
.
.

8.2.
y

144

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

10 ,
10-3, .
,
10-3.
y

10 ,
10-3, .
,
10-3.
y

.
,
:

Table 8-4

()

420

99.977%

2.310-4

120

280

99.985%

1.510-4

78

50

99.99%

110-4

52

8.3.
.
()
(. )
.
10 .
.
10 .
.

145

 SS 0501
2.0

8.3.1

SDH

,
, ,
( ,
),
SDH:

1) VC,
. ,
, ,
, .
2) .
PDH
,
. , ,
(
) ,
.
SDH
.
.

. ,
SDH
.

8.3.2.
SDH :
y

:
PDH () STM-N (
). PDH
, .
SDH PDH
PDH SDH. , SDH

PDH, ..
PDH.
(STM-N)
,
146

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

1 .
,
,
, .

:
?
,
- /
, , ..
, ,
, , ,
. ,
1 .
y

,
PDH STM-N.
,
.

SDH
, , PDH,
, PDH.
, ,
STM-N SDH.
y

SDH
PDH .

.

PDH ,
STM-N
PDH SDH .

:

G.783, .

147

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

.
.
y

STM-N.

.

STM-N STM-N.
.
8.3.3.
y

,
SDH.
.
, ( ),
(
), (
, ,
..).
y

PDH.

SDH
( ),
, , SDH/PDH
,
,
.

? :
?
1.

?

2.

3.

4.

148

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

, ,
.

1. ?

149

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

ADM

AIS

APS

AU

AU-AIS

AU-LOP

AUG

AU-PTR

BBER

BIP-N

CMI

DCC

DXC

ECC

ESR

FEBE

HDB3

HP-RDI

HP-REI

HPA

HPC

HPT

ISDN

ITU-T

R-LOF

LOP

R-LOS

LPA

LPC

150

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

LPT

MS-AIS

MS-RDI

MSA

MSOH

MSP

MST

OAM

OHA

ROOF

PDH

POH

PPI

PDH

REG

RDI

RSOH

RST

SCC

SDH

SEMF

SESR

SES

SETS

SETPI

SOH

SPI

SDH

STG

TIM

TM

TMN

TU-LOM

TU-

TUG

TU-PTR

UAT

151

 SS 0501
2.0

SDH

UNEQ

VC

152